WO2017049472A1 - Compositions de carburant diesel - Google Patents

Compositions de carburant diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017049472A1
WO2017049472A1 PCT/CN2015/090389 CN2015090389W WO2017049472A1 WO 2017049472 A1 WO2017049472 A1 WO 2017049472A1 CN 2015090389 W CN2015090389 W CN 2015090389W WO 2017049472 A1 WO2017049472 A1 WO 2017049472A1
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composition
multifunctional additive
diesel
diesel fuel
present
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PCT/CN2015/090389
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English (en)
Inventor
Youqi Wang
Ziyun LI
Guoming Zhang
Zhijian Li
Gary Wuqi CAO
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Yashentech Corporation
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/090389 priority Critical patent/WO2017049472A1/fr
Publication of WO2017049472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017049472A1/fr

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Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to diesel fuel compositions, their preparation and their use.
  • Diesel fuel due to its performance, efficiency and safety advantages, is widely used in many types of transportation, such as trucks, trains, boats and aircrafts, as well as farm and construction equipment.
  • diesel engines emit significant amount of soot (i.e., particulate matter) , especially when running without enough oxygen, which draws a serious environmental concern.
  • additive components such as methanol, alcohol, alkyl ethers (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,089,580, 2,104,021, 3,270,497, and 5,425,790) , bio-diesel and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) .
  • additive components such as methanol, alcohol, alkyl ethers (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,089,580, 2,104,021, 3,270,497, and 5,425,790) , bio-diesel and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) .
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • DMC separates from the fuel mixture at low temperatures, which may paralyze diesel engines.
  • DMC has a cetane number of 35 ⁇ 36, which is lower than diesel fuel, excessive amount of DMC in diesel fuel will decrease the cetane number of the diesel fuel mixture, resulting in lowered performance and efficiency.
  • the present disclosure provides a composition for treating diesel fuel.
  • the composition comprises dimethyl carbonate; and a multifunctional additive.
  • the multifunctional additive comprises a phase stabilizer present at 20 ⁇ 99 wt% of the multifunctional additive, said phase stabilizer comprising a methyl ester of low carbon number; and a cetane improver present at 0.5 ⁇ 20 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • the methyl ester of low carbon number is selected from the group consisting of methyl acetate, methyl acrylate and methyl butyrate.
  • the methyl ester of low carbon number is 80 ⁇ 90 wt% of the phase stabilizer.
  • the phase stabilizer further comprises an alkyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol, a ketone, an ether, or a combination thereof.
  • the alkyl alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, iso-butanol, pentanol, iso-pentanol, heptanol, octanol, iso-octanol, decanol or a combination thereof.
  • the aromatic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol.
  • the ketone is selected from the group consisting of acetone, butanone and 2-butanone.
  • the ether is selected from the group consisting of methyl tert-butyl ether and di-ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • the phase stabilizer comprises diethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • the cetane improver is selected from the group consisting of iso-amyl nitrate, iso-octyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, butyl oxalate, dibutyl oxalate, di-iso-pentyl oxalate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate and a combination thereof.
  • the cetane improver is di-tert-butyl peroxide or tert-butyl peroxybenzoate.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a solubilizer present at 0 ⁇ 70 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • the solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of alkyl carbonate, alkane, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, isopropyl benzene and a combination thereof.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a corrosion inhibitor present at 0.001 ⁇ 1 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • the corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol, N, N-di-tert-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole and a combination thereof.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a lubricity improver present at 0.01 ⁇ 1 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • the lubricity improver is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils, fatty acids, aliphatic esters, aliphatic amines, ester amides, ester amide derivatives and a combination thereof.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a cold flow improver present at 0.01 ⁇ 10 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • the cold flow improver comprises vinyl acetate polymer, polymethacrylate, or a combination thereof.
  • the present disclosure provides a diesel fuel composition
  • a diesel fuel composition comprising a base diesel fuel present at 50 ⁇ 95 wt %; and a composition as disclosed above, wherein the dimethyl carbonate is present at 2 ⁇ 50 wt % of the diesel fuel composition and the multifunctional additive , is present at 0.01 ⁇ 10 wt % of the diesel fuel composition.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing the diesel fuel composition.
  • the method comprises the steps of preparing the multifunctional additive by mixing the phase stabilizer, the solubilizer, the cetane improver, the corrosion inhibitor, the lubricity improver and the cold flow improver; and then mixing the diesel, the dimethyl carbonate and the multifunctional additive.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for reducing soot emission.
  • the method comprises the step of using the diesel fuel composition as disclosed above in a diesel engine.
  • the diesel engine is operated at an altitude of at least 2000 meters.
  • FIG. 1 compares the soot emission of 0#D20A1 (diesel fuel composition containing DMC and the multifunctional additive A1) with normal 0#diesel fuel.
  • the soot emissions in run with 0#D20A1 diesel fuel composition were significantly reduced at all speeds (1000 ⁇ 2100 rpm) as compared to emissions from runs with #0 diesel.
  • FIG. 2A shows the results of particulate emission test on a heavy duty diesel engine using normal diesel fuels (0#) under conditions mimicking high altitude environments.
  • the performance of the diesel engine deteriorated as the altitude increased: the temperature of the emission increased and the soot emission increased.
  • FIG. 2B shows the results of particulate emission test on a heavy-duty diesel engine using 0#D20A1 (diesel fuel composition containing DMC and the multifunctional additive A1) under conditions mimicking high altitude environments. Both the soot emission and emission temperature were decreased as compared to normal diesel fuels.
  • components A, B, and C can consist of (i.e., contain only) components A, B, and C, or can contain not only components A, B, and C but also one or more other components.
  • the defined steps can be carried out in any order or simultaneously (except where the context excludes that possibility) , and the method can include one or more other steps which are carried out before any of the defined steps, between two of the defined steps, or after all the defined steps (except where the context excludes that possibility) .
  • the term “at least” followed by a number is used herein to denote the start of a range beginning with that number (which may be a range having an upper limit or no upper limit, depending on the variable being defined) .
  • “at least 1” means 1 or more than 1.
  • the term “at most” followed by a number is used herein to denote the end of a range ending with that number (which may be a range having 1 or 0 as its lower limit, or a range having no lower limit, depending upon the variable being defined) .
  • “at most 4” means 4 or less than 4
  • “at most 40%” means 40% or less than 40%.
  • a range is given as “ (a first number) to (a second number) ” or “ (a first number) ⁇ (a second number) , ” this means a range whose lower limit is the first number and whose upper limit is the second number.
  • 25 to 90 wt % means a range whose lower limit is 25 wt%, and whose upper limit is 90 wt%.
  • the present disclosure provides a DMC-containing additive composition that can improve performance and efficiency of diesel fuels.
  • the composition comprises DMC and a multifunctional additive, wherein the multifunctional additive comprises: (1) a phase stabilizer present at 20 ⁇ 99 wt% of the multifunctional additive, said phase stabilizer comprising a methyl ester of low carbon number; and (2) a cetane improver present at 0.5 ⁇ 20 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • diesel fuel refers to any liquid fuel used in diesel engines.
  • a typical specification for a diesel fuel includes a minimum flash point of 100 °F, a boiling point range of from about 300 °F to about 700 °F, and maximum 90 percent distillation point (ASTM D-86) of 640 °F, i.e., 90 percent by volume boils below 640 °F.
  • a “base diesel fuel” refers to diesel fuel that is substantially free of DMC or other additives.
  • phase stabilizer refers to a chemical or a chemical composition that can prevent or reduce phase separation of diesel fuel composition.
  • chemicals that can be used as a phase stabilizer include, without limitation, a alkyl alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, isopentanol, heptanol, octanol, isooctanol, decanol) , an aromatic alcohol (e.g., benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol) , a methyl ester of low carbon number (e.g., methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, methyl butyrate) , a ketone (e.g., acetone, butanone and 2-butanone) , an ether (e.g., methyl tert-butyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) and combinations thereof.
  • a alkyl alcohol
  • the phase stabilizer in the multifunctional additive is present at about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 or 95 wt% of the multifunctional additive. Preferably 20 ⁇ 30 wt%.
  • cetane improver refers to a chemical or chemical composition that can increase the cetane number of a diesel fuel composition. Cetane number is an indicator of the combustion speed of diesel fuel. Generally, the higher the cetane number the more easily the fuel will combust in a diesel engine. Therefore, higher-cetane fuel usually causes an engine to run more smoothly and quietly, which usually translates into greater efficiency.
  • Examples of chemicals that can be used as a cetane improver include, without limitation, iso-amyl nitrate, iso-octyl nitrate, cyclo-hexyl nitrate, butyl oxalate, dibutyl oxalate, di-iso-pentyl oxalate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate and combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of the cetane improver in the multifunctional additive can be at about 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 wt% of the multifunctional additive. Preferably 0.5 ⁇ 3.0 wt%.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a solubilizer present at 0 ⁇ 70 wt%.
  • a solubilizer refers to a chemical or a chemical composition that helps the chemicals in the additive (e.g. ethanol) to blend with diesel and keeps the mixture blend stable.
  • chemicals that can be used as a solubilizer include, without limitation, alkyl carbonate (e.g., DMC) , alkane, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, iso-propyl benzene and combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of solubilizer in the multifunctional additive can be at about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 wt% of the multifunctional additive. Preferably 5 ⁇ 25 wt%.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a corrosion inhibitor present at 0.001 ⁇ 1 wt%.
  • a corrosion inhibitor refers to a chemical or a chemical composition that can protect fuel engines from corrosion. Examples of chemicals that can be used as corrosion inhibitors include, without limitation, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl phenol, N, N-di-tert-butyl-p-phenylene di-amine, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole and combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of the corrosion inhibitor in the multifunctional additive can be at about 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02, 003, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or 1 wt %. Preferably 0.002 ⁇ 0.01 wt%.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a lubricity improver present at 0.01 ⁇ 1 wt%.
  • lubricity improver refers to a chemical or a chemical composition that can improve the lubrication properties of the fuel. Desulfurization is a key for cleaner fuels. However, as the sulfur level in diesel fuel is reduced, the inherent lubricity characteristics of the fuel also deteriorated. Diesel fuels with poor lubricity can result in pump wear and eventually engine failure. Examples of chemicals that can be used as lubricity improver include, without limitation, a vegetable oil, a fatty acid, an aliphatic ester, an aliphatic amine, an ester amide, ester amide derivatives and combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of the lubricity improver in the multifunctional additive can be at about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or 1 wt% of the multifunctional additive. Preferably 0.01 ⁇ 0.05 wt%.
  • the multifunctional additive further comprises a cold flow improver present at 0.01 ⁇ 10 wt% of the multifunctional additive.
  • cold flow improver refers to a chemical or a chemical composition that can prevent or reduce the precipitation of wax from diesel fuels at low temperatures. Examples of chemicals that can be used as cold flow improver include, without limitation, vinyl acetate polymer, polymethacrylate, or combinations thereof.
  • the concentration of the cold flow improver in the multifunctional additive can be at about 0.01, 0.02, 003, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 wt% of the multifunctional additive. Preferably 0.1 ⁇ 0.5 wt%.
  • the present application relates to a diesel fuel composition with reduced soot emission and improved efficiency.
  • the diesel fuel composition comprises: diesel present at 50 ⁇ 95 wt %; dimethyl carbonate present at 2 ⁇ 50 wt %; and a multifunctional additive as disclosed supra, said multifunctional additive is present at 0.01 ⁇ 10 wt %.
  • the term “soot” refers to microscopic solid or liquid particles generated in an engine due to the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. As used herein, the term “soot” is interchangeable with “particulate” or “smoke. ”
  • the diesel fuel composition as disclosed herein comprises a base diesel fuel present at about 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 or 95 wt %. Preferably 70 ⁇ 95 wt%, most preferably 75 ⁇ 90 wt%.
  • the diesel fuel composition as disclosed herein comprises dimethyl carbonate present at about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, or 50 wt %.
  • dimethyl carbonate present at about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, or 50 wt %.
  • the diesel fuel composition as disclosed herein comprises a multifunctional additive present at about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 wt %.
  • concentration of multifunctional additive in the diesel fuel composition can be a concentration bounded by any two of the above endpoints. Preferably 0.5 ⁇ 3 wt%, most preferably 1 ⁇ 2.5 wt%.
  • the present application relates to a method for manufacturing the diesel fuel composition as disclosed supra.
  • the method comprises the steps of preparing the multifunctional additive as disclosed supra by mixing the phase stablizer, the solubilizer, the cetane number improver, the metal corrosion inhibitor, the lubricity improver and the cold flow improver, and then mixing the diesel, the dimethyl carbonate and the multifunctional additive together.
  • the present application relates to a method for reducing soot emission.
  • the method comprises using the diesel fuel composition disclosed supra in a diesel engine.
  • the diesel engine is operated in an altitude of at least 2, 000 meters.
  • 0# diesel fuel and 0#D20A1 diesel composition were compared. As shown in Table 2, most features of the 0# D20A1 diesel composition, including oxidation stability, copper corrosion, lubricity, viscosity, solidifying point, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) , and density meet the standard to be used in ordinary, conventional diesel engines. Of note, the cetane number of 0#D20A1 is higher than 0# diesel. In contrast, adding DMC to 0# diesel without using the multifunctional additive leads to a decrease of cetane number, causing the diesel composition unusable in ordinary, conventional diesel engines.
  • CFPP cold filter plugging point
  • soot emissions smoke at free acceleration
  • Soot emission was measured in terms of extinction coefficient (k) of soot with a smoke meter (Opacilyt 1030, Germany) .
  • the lower k value means lower soot emission.
  • using 0#D20A1 diesel composition decreased the emission as much as 81.2% compared to using 0# diesel.
  • Bench tests to determine particulate emissions were also conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine, whose parameters are listed in Table 3. As shown in FIG. 1, in runs with 0#D20A1 diesel composition, the soot emissions were significantly reduced at all speeds (1000 ⁇ 2100 rpm) as compared to emissions from runs with #0 diesel.
  • the following example compared the particulate-emission-reduction effects of diesel fuel compositions with different percentage of DMC and multifunctional additive.
  • the diesel composition containing DMC with the multifunctional additive (A2) 0#D20A2 could significantly decrease soot emission from a diesel vehicle (Great Wall Haval H5). 0#D20A2 decreased the emission as much as 75% compared to using 0# normal diesel.
  • the properties of the -10#D20A3 diesel composition were tested by observing the phase separation of the composition when the temperature was slowly decreased (one degree Celsius for every two minutes) . The results showed that no phase separation was observed in -10#D20A3 diesel composition until it was solidified at -11 °C. Nor was any phase separation observed when the -10#D20A3 diesel composition was re-heated to room temperature. In contrast, -10# mix diesel made up of -10# diesel and 18% DMC (without additives) had phase separation at -4 °C, indicating that the -10# mix diesel did not meet the standard to be used as -10# diesel fuel. The Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of the -10#D20A3 diesel composition was -6 °C while the CFPP of the -10# diesel could not be measured due to phase separation at -4 °C.
  • CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
  • the properties of the -20#D10A4 diesel composition were tested by observing the phase separation of the diesel when the temperature was slowly decreased (one degree Celsius for every two minutes) . The results showed that no phase separation was observed in -20#D10A4 diesel composition until it was solidified at -21 °C. Nor was any phase separation observed when the -20#D10A4 diesel composition was re-heated to room temperature. In contrast, -20# mix diesel made up of -20# diesel and 9% DMC (without additives) had phase separation at -11 °C, indicating that the -20# mix diesel did not meet the standard to be used as -20# diesel fuel.
  • the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of the -10#D10A4 diesel composition was -15 °C while the CFPP of the -10# diesel could not be measured due to phase separation at -11 °C.
  • the properties of the -20#D20A5 diesel composition were tested by observing the phase separation of the composition when the temperature was slowly decreased (one degree Celsius for every two minutes) . The results showed that no phase separation was observed in -20#D10A5 diesel composition until it was solidified at -21 °C. Nor was any phase separation observed when the -20#D10A5 diesel composition was re-heated to room temperature.
  • the properties of the -35#D10A6 diesel composition were tested by observing the phase separation of the diesel composition when the temperature was slowly decreased (one degree Celsius for every two minutes) . The results showed that no phase separation was observed in -35#D10A6 diesel composition until it was solidified at -35 °C. Nor was any phase separation observed when the solidified -35#D10A6 diesel composition was re-heated to room temperature. In comparison, -35# mix diesel made up of -35# diesel and 7% DMC did not show any phase separation until it was solidified at -33 °C.
  • the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) of the -35#D10 diesel composition was -29 °C while the CFPP of the -35# mix diesel was -15 °C. Therefore, the -35#D10A6 diesel composition meets the standard of -35# diesel fuel, but the -35# mix diesel had higher solidifying point and CFPP, and could not be used as -35# diesel fuel.
  • CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
  • FIG. 2 shows the results of particulate emission test on a heavy-duty diesel engine (see Table 3 for the parameters of the engine) under conditions mimicking high altitude environment.
  • FIG. 2A when using normal diesel fuels (0#) without DMC and the multifunctional additive, the performance of the diesel engine deteriorated as the altitude increased: the temperature of the emission increased and the soot emission increased in the high-power output curve.
  • DMC and the multifunctional additive significantly decreased the soot emission as well as the temperature of emission.
  • 0# D20A1 diesel composition (see Example 1 for detailed composition) could be used in the diesel engine at altitude of 2,000 ⁇ 3,500 meters.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition de carburant diesel contenant du DMC et des additifs multifonctionnels pour réduire l'émission de particules, améliorer l'efficacité et être utilisée das des conditions de froid et/ou d'hypoxie.
PCT/CN2015/090389 2015-09-23 2015-09-23 Compositions de carburant diesel WO2017049472A1 (fr)

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WO2019062052A1 (fr) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 天津大学 Carburant mixte approprié pour moteur diesel

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CN102703144A (zh) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-03 从德强 一种柴油酯及其制备方法
CN103382406A (zh) * 2013-07-04 2013-11-06 山东国弘能源科技有限公司 节能环保养护柴油添加剂
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