WO2017028631A1 - 多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质 - Google Patents

多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质 Download PDF

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WO2017028631A1
WO2017028631A1 PCT/CN2016/087806 CN2016087806W WO2017028631A1 WO 2017028631 A1 WO2017028631 A1 WO 2017028631A1 CN 2016087806 W CN2016087806 W CN 2016087806W WO 2017028631 A1 WO2017028631 A1 WO 2017028631A1
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limit
adjustable
fault
over
active power
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French (fr)
Inventor
吕颖
于之虹
鲁广明
严剑峰
康建东
解梅
邱健
谢昶
戴红阳
贾育培
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an auxiliary decision making method, in particular to a static safety comprehensive assistant decision making method and a storage medium for multi-fault coordination.
  • Grid security is related to national security.
  • the safe and stable control of the large power grid is an important guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
  • the technical level and complexity of power grid operation are getting higher and higher, and the difficulty of power grid operation control is becoming more and more difficult.
  • it is urgent to fully grasp the operation law of such a large-scale power grid research and develop advanced large-scale grid safety and stability control technology, and improve the ability to control the safe and stable economic operation of large power grids.
  • the security and stability control can be divided into two control forms.
  • One is preventive control, which refers to the control that the power system is in an alert state for some reason (the operating mode is deteriorated or disturbed) during normal operation, in order to improve the operational safety margin and restore the power system to a safe state.
  • Preventive control changes the operating point of the system when the disturbance does not occur, and brings the operating point in the armed state into a safe state.
  • Preventive control is generally achieved by dispatching personnel to issue dispatch commands, which are operated by the factory and station operators on duty.
  • the other is emergency control, that is, when the power system enters an emergency state or an emergency state due to disturbance, the control is performed to prevent the system from being stably damaged, to prevent the operating parameters from exceeding the allowable range, and to prevent the accident from further expanding and causing a serious power outage.
  • Emergency control is to change the stability boundary of the system after detecting a specific disturbance, so that the operating point after the fault is in a stable state.
  • Emergency control is generally achieved automatically through a safety and stability control system.
  • the task of scheduling auxiliary decision-making is to find a running point that meets the requirements of security and stability.
  • This question The problem can be seen as a constrained optimization problem.
  • the constraint is that the security and stability meet the requirements under the system operation and the expected failure.
  • the dispatching assistant decision-making according to the early-warning information of the online security and stability analysis application comprehensively utilizes the steady-state and dynamic data, and limits the faults existing in the current operation of the power grid, based on quantitative analysis, to improve the system security stability.
  • Sensitive control objects are identified, tunable devices are determined, and scheduling assistance strategies that satisfy multiple types of stability constraints and control cost optimization are determined, eliminating or mitigating the over-limit conditions of the grid in real time or expected faults, and providing forward-looking for the safe operation of the grid. Adjustment strategy support.
  • Auxiliary decision-making is to provide suggestions for changing the current grid operating point.
  • the control measures can not only target a certain problem, because it is impossible to provide the desired operating point for each safety violation problem that needs to be solved.
  • the advice provided by the decision-making to the dispatcher should be the overall solution, that is, for all static security violations that exist, rather than suggesting a solution to each, and ensuring that no new violations can be triggered. Therefore, for a certain trend section, the auxiliary decision-making should comprehensively coordinate the needs of each over-limit problem, so that the changed system operation point can satisfy all static security constraints.
  • sensitivity analysis is needed to find the most effective adjustment equipment to eliminate or reduce equipment over-limits.
  • General adjustable equipment includes generators and loads. Adjusting the generator output or load will cause changes in the power flow on the faulty equipment. The change in the power flow on the faulty equipment will in turn cause the faulty equipment to break and then limit the current on the equipment. Therefore, it is also necessary to calculate the sensitivity of the tunable device to the faulty device, and the tidal current transfer distribution factor between the faulty device and the overrun device.
  • the adjustment direction of the adjustable devices required by each of the over-limit devices is determined. There may be conflicts between the adjustment of different devices to the adjustable device, that is, the power adjustment of the adjustable device for a device is exceeded. Causes the over-limit of other devices to increase.
  • Static Security Analysis Multi-fault assisted decision making is a multi-objective optimization problem consisting of multiple inequalities.
  • the control variable vector it is necessary to clarify the adjustment direction of each control variable, which is the key point of the static safety analysis multi-fault auxiliary decision.
  • the adjustment direction is easy to determine when there is no conflict between the adjustable devices and the control variables.
  • the adjustment direction needs to be determined according to certain principles.
  • the task of scheduling auxiliary decision-making is to find a running point that meets the requirements of security and stability.
  • This problem can be seen as a constrained optimization problem.
  • the constraint is that the security and stability meet the requirements under the system operation and the expected failure.
  • the control measures cannot be targeted only to one problem, as it is not possible to provide the desired operating points for each of the safety violations that need to be addressed.
  • the proposal for multi-fault coordination assistance decision-making to the dispatching operator should be the overall solution, that is, for all static security violations that exist, instead of suggesting solutions to each problem separately, and ensuring that new over-limit issues cannot be triggered. .
  • an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a static safety comprehensive assistant decision-making method and a storage medium for multi-fault coordination.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is multi-fault coordination static security synthesis.
  • Decision support This method is used to calculate the sensitivity of the optional adjustment equipment to the over-limit equipment by the static power safety analysis and the ground-state active power flow over-limit and the N-1 active power flow over-limit.
  • the pre-specified optional adjustment measures such as generator and load power adjustment are used to calculate the sensitivity of the optional adjustment equipment to the over-limit equipment. information.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a static security integrated assist decision making method for multi-fault coordination, which is improved in that the method includes the following steps:
  • the auxiliary decision-making program reads the calculation result of the static security analysis, obtains the ground state over-limit overload information and the over-limit information after the fault, and obtains the tributary list and the corresponding expected fault information, including the over-limit device name, which needs to adjust the active power. , the limit of 100%, the rated power of the branch and the name of the faulty equipment; the over-limit equipment includes the line, transformer and transmission section, and then calculates the active power adjustment requirement of the over-limit equipment;
  • the adjustable equipment is a device that can adjust the current flow to eliminate the limit.
  • the adjustment range is obtained by the adjustable generator and load list, and the sensitivity of the over-limit equipment and the faulty equipment determined in step 1) is solved, and the over-limit is obtained.
  • step 2) According to the sensitivity relationship between the active power of the over-limit device and the active power of the adjustable device obtained in step 2), determine the adjustment direction of the adjustable device required by the over-limit device; if there are multiple devices over-limit, judge each Whether there is a conflict in the adjustment direction of the adjustable device of the device;
  • step 5 If there is no conflict between the adjustable devices of the over-limit devices, proceed to step 5);
  • the adjustable margin indicator is calculated, and then the adjustment direction of the conflicting adjustable device is determined according to the adjustable margin;
  • Multi-fault coordination static safety comprehensive assisted decision solving the limit determined according to step 1)
  • the active power adjustment requirement of the device step 2) determines the sensitivity between the active power of the over-limit device and the active power of the adjustable device, the sensitivity between the active power of the faulty device and the active power of the adjustable device, and the active power of the faulty device and the active device of the over-limit device
  • the power flow transfer distribution factor between power, step 3) and step 4) determine the adjustment direction and adjustment range of the conflict-adjustable device, establish a joint solution equation, adjust the quantity or adjust the minimum cost as the optimization target, and call the linear optimization software to pass The optimization solves the static safety assistant decision result of multi-fault coordination.
  • the calculation result of the static safety analysis is read, and for the transformer over-limit, the active power required to eliminate the over-limit is obtained according to the rated capacity of the transformer and the over-limit limit.
  • the rated capacity is the apparent power, which is the square root of the sum of the squares of the active power and the reactive power, and the transformer is calculated according to the fixed power factor (the fixed power factor refers to the ratio of active and reactive).
  • step 1) the calculation result of the static safety analysis is read, and the active power adjusted to eliminate the over-limit is obtained according to the rated current and the over-limit of the line for the line current limit;
  • the current is calculated according to the line apparent power and line voltage.
  • the apparent power is the square root of the sum of the squares of active power and reactive power.
  • the active power required to adjust the line from the limit current to the rated current is calculated according to the fixed power factor.
  • step 1) the calculation result of the static safety analysis is read, and the active power limit for eliminating the over-limit is obtained according to the active power limit and the over-limit of the transmission section for the transmission section exceeding the limit.
  • step 2) in order to avoid the influence of the balancing machine on the sensitivity, when the adjustable generator and the load power are adjusted, all other units in the same electric island are proportionally assumed according to the adjustable capacity.
  • the power is adjusted, and then the sensitivity is calculated according to the variation of the active power of the over-limit device; when the over-limit device is the transmission cross-section, the sensitivity of the transmission section and the adjustable generator and load is the sensitivity of the section composed of the branch and the adjustable generator and load.
  • Total addition transmission section consists of 2
  • the line composition, the sensitivity of the section and generator are equal to the sensitivity of line 1 and generator plus the sensitivity of line 2 and generator).
  • step 2) includes the following steps:
  • control variables include node active, generator active and load active; control target is branch active; P- ⁇ decoupling model is used to solve sensitivity, a branch
  • the active power flow adjustment formula is as follows:
  • the node injected active power and the node phase angle have the following relationship:
  • ⁇ P ij represents the adjustment of the branch active
  • B ij represents the element in the branch admittance matrix B established according to the P- ⁇ decoupling model
  • ⁇ i represents the variation of the phase angle of the state variable node i
  • ⁇ j Indicates the amount of change in the phase angle of the state variable node j
  • [ ⁇ P] represents the node active adjustment vector
  • [B'] represents the branch admittance matrix established according to the P- ⁇ decoupling model
  • ⁇ represents the phase variable adjustment of the state variable node Vector
  • [ ⁇ P] represents the node active adjustment vector
  • ⁇ 2> Determine the power flow distribution factor between the active power of the faulty equipment and the active power of the over-limit equipment: the branch power flow causes the change of the active power flow of other branches in the power grid, and the change of the active power flow of other branches is described by the distribution factor.
  • the P- ⁇ decoupling model is used to solve the power flow transfer distribution factor; the branch circuit is broken in the power grid, the nodes at both ends are i, j, and the active power flow on the branch before the break is P l , assuming that the branch is broken.
  • the trend distribution factor is as follows:
  • the correlation vector consists of 1 and -1, the branch end node is 1, and the end node of the branch is -1;
  • D kl is the tidal current distribution factor between branch l and branch k, and
  • X kl is branch k
  • the mutual reactance with the branch l, X ll is the mutual reactance of the branch 1 and the branch 1, the k k is the reactance of the branch k, and x l is the reactance of the branch l.
  • step 2) in order to avoid the influence of the balancing machine on the sensitivity, when the adjustable generator and the load power are adjusted, all other units in the same electric island are proportionally assumed according to the adjustable capacity. The power is adjusted, and then the sensitivity is calculated based on the amount of change in the active power of the faulty device.
  • the power flow transfer distribution factor between the active power of the faulty device and the active power of the over-limit device is calculated, and when the over-limit device is the transmission cross-section, the distribution factor of the faulty device to the transmission cross-section is faulty.
  • step 3 determining the adjustment direction of the adjustable device required by each of the over-limit devices; for the ground state violation, according to the sensitivity relationship between the over-limit device and the adjustable device, to reduce the active power of the over-limit device
  • the power is the target to determine the adjustment direction of the adjustable device.
  • step 3 determining the adjustment direction of the adjustable device required by each of the over-limit devices; after the fault is exceeded, the power of the adjustable device is adjusted, and the active power of the device is exceeded after the fault
  • the amount of change includes: 1 the sensitivity of the over-limit device and the adjustable device in the ground state multiplied by the adjustable device adjustment, 2 the sensitivity of the faulty device and the adjustable device in the ground state multiplied by the adjustable device adjustment amount multiplied by the fault device and the over-limit
  • the power flow distribution factor of the device according to the active power variation of the device after the fault of the adjustable device power, the adjustment direction of the adjustable device required to reduce the active power of the device after the fault is determined.
  • the multi-device limit includes three cases: one is different The device is independent of each other, that is, the power adjustment of the adjustable device for a single over-limit device does not affect the over-limit of other devices; the second is that the adjustment requirements of the different devices exceed the limit, that is, the device exceeds the limit.
  • the power adjustment of the adjustable device may cause the other devices to reduce the limit; the third is that there are conflicts between the adjustment measures of the different devices, that is, the power adjustment of the adjustable device for a certain device exceeds the limit, which may cause the other devices to exceed the limit.
  • calculating the adjustable margin indicator includes:
  • the adjustable margin for evaluating the fault limit j is as follows:
  • ⁇ P j is the amount of active power adjustment required to eliminate the fault limit j, Is the maximum active power adjustable amount of the device that is not conflict-adjustable, It is the sensitivity relationship matrix between the active power of the device and the active power of the adjustable device; the larger the adjustable margin C j is, the more adequate the optional adjustment device is, and the C j greater than 1 means that only the non-conflicting adjustable device is adjusted. It can eliminate the fault limit j, C j less than 1 means that only the adjustment does not conflict with the adjustable device can not eliminate the fault limit j, the adjustable device that needs to adjust the conflict can eliminate the limit.
  • the fault is limited to the fault limit with low adjustable margin, and the conflict adjustable device for the fault limit j and the fault limit i [u ], if the fault exceeds the limit j and the adjustable margin of i is greater than 1, there is no need to adjust the conflicting adjustable device;
  • the adjustment direction of the conflict adjustable device [u] is determined according to the adjustment requirement of the fault limit i;
  • the generator is preferentially adjusted by giving different cost weight coefficients to the power generation and the load, that is, the economic loss cost caused by the unit adjustment amount.
  • the multi-fault coordinated static safety comprehensive assistant decision-making method and the storage medium provided by the embodiments of the present invention are easy to implement, and can solve the problem of coordinated optimization when there is a conflict between the adjustment requirements of the multi-fault static safety limit and the adjustable device, and automatically provide comprehensive auxiliary decision-making. Adjust the strategy.
  • joint safety assessment and coordinated optimization of power grid integration, etc. specifically:
  • the static safety assisted decision calculation is carried out, including the ground state over-limit auxiliary decision-making, and the decision-making is given after the fault exceeds the auxiliary decision.
  • Sensitivity analysis can be performed on the over-limit device, including the sensitivity between the active power of the over-limit device and the active power of the adjustable device, the sensitivity between the active power of the faulty device and the active power of the adjustable device, the active power of the faulty device, and the limit The current flow distribution factor between the active power of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a static safety integrated assist decision making method for multi-fault coordination according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Static safety analysis The safety analysis function performs predictive accident analysis on a variety of given operating modes (states), and warns of faults that may cause line overload, voltage over-limit and generator power over-limit, which pose a threat to the safe operation of the power grid. Therefore, the safety level of the entire power grid is evaluated to find out the weak links of the system.
  • the expected accident set generally includes line breaking, generator and transformer breaking. If you only consider the safety under steady-state operating conditions after an accident, regardless of the dynamic process, it is called static safety analysis.
  • Static security assisted decision-making For the static security analysis, the static unsafe traffic data is used to analyze the sensitivity of the over-limit device and determine the auxiliary decision-making adjustment scheme to eliminate or reduce the system over-limit and overload problem and improve the static security of the system.
  • Sensitivity analysis The degree of interaction between various quantities in the power system, such as branch power, bus voltage, and bus injection power, is called sensitivity. Sensitivity analysis is a method often used in power system planning decision-making and operational control. It can quantify the relationship between an operational indicator and a control variable to determine the impact of the variable and the system, and further propose to improve the operational indicator. Measures.
  • FIG. 1 A flowchart of a static safety integrated assistant decision making method for multi-fault coordination according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in FIG. 1 , the following steps are included:
  • the auxiliary decision-making program reads the calculation result of the static security analysis, obtains the ground state over-limit overload information and the over-limit information after the fault, and obtains the tributary list and the corresponding expected fault information, including the over-limit device name, which needs to adjust the active power.
  • the equipment exceeding the limit includes the line, transformer and transmission section, and then the active power adjustment requirement of the over-limit equipment is calculated.
  • the active power required to eliminate the over-limit is obtained according to the rated capacity of the transformer and the limit of 100%.
  • the rated capacity is the apparent power, which is the square root of the sum of the squares of active power and reactive power.
  • the transformer needs to calculate the capacity from the limit to the rated capacity. Adjusted active power.
  • the active power required to eliminate the limit is calculated according to the rated current and the limit of the line.
  • the line current is calculated according to the line apparent power and line voltage.
  • the apparent power is the square root of the sum of the squares of active power and reactive power, according to the fixed power factor.
  • the number of active powers required to calculate the line from the current limit to the rated current is calculated.
  • the active power (referred to as the transformer capacity minus the rated capacity) required to eliminate the over-limit is obtained according to the active power limit and the over-limit of the transmission section.
  • the adjustable generator and load list According to the preset adjustable device adjustment range, obtain the adjustable generator and load list, and solve the sensitivity of the over-limit device and the fault device determined in step 1) to obtain the adjustable generator, the active power of the load and the limit.
  • the faulty device is a device that expects an N-1 fault in the static security analysis calculation. If the faulty device is a device whose power flow exceeds the limit after the N-1 fault, the adjustable device is a device that can adjust the power flow to eliminate the limit.
  • sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the sensitivity relationship between the control variables (node active, including generator active, load active) and control target (branch active).
  • node active including generator active, load active
  • control target branch active
  • the node injected active power and the node phase angle have the following relationship:
  • Equation (3) is obtained from the equations (1) and (2), that is, the sensitivity relationship between the node active power and the branch active power.
  • ⁇ P ij represents the adjustment of the branch active
  • B ij represents the element in the branch admittance matrix B established according to the P- ⁇ decoupling model
  • ⁇ i represents the variation of the phase angle of the state variable node i
  • ⁇ j Indicates the amount of change in the phase angle of the state variable node j
  • [ ⁇ P] represents the node active adjustment vector
  • [B'] represents the branch admittance matrix established according to the P- ⁇ decoupling model
  • ⁇ represents the phase variable adjustment of the state variable node Vector
  • [ ⁇ P] represents the node active adjustment vector
  • the sensitivity of the transmission section and the adjustable generator and load is the sum of the sensitivity of the section-forming branch and the adjustable generator and the load (for example, the transmission section consists of two lines, the section and the power generation
  • the sensitivity of the machine is equal to the sensitivity of line 1 and generator plus the sensitivity of line 2 and generator).
  • the branch circuit When the branch circuit is broken, it will cause changes in the active power flow of other branches in the power grid, and will be described by the distribution factor.
  • the P- ⁇ decoupling model is used to solve the distribution factor.
  • the nodes at both ends are i, j, and the active power flow on the branch road l before the breaking is P l , assuming that the active power injected into the node before and after the branch circuit is broken, the branch is obtained.
  • the voltage and phase angle after the break of the road l can be used to find the active power flow on the branch k after the branch 1 is broken, and further calculate the power flow distribution factor between the branch 1 and the branch k, as shown in equation (4).
  • X is the inverse matrix of the B matrix in equation (1)
  • M l and M k are the correlation vectors of the branch l and the branch k and the node matrix, which are composed of 1 and -1, and the first node of the branch is 1,
  • the end node of the branch is -1
  • D kl is the tidal current distribution factor between the branch l and the branch k
  • X kl is the mutual reactance of the branch k and the branch l
  • X ll is the branch 1 and the branch l
  • the mutual reactance, x k is the reactance of the branch k, and x l is the reactance of the branch l.
  • the distribution factor of the faulty device to the transmission section is the total addition of the distribution factor of the faulty device to the section.
  • step 2) According to the sensitivity relationship between the over-limit device and the adjustable device obtained in step 2), determine the adjustment direction of the adjustable device required by each of the over-limit devices.
  • the adjustment direction of the adjustable device is determined according to the objective of reducing the active power of the over-limit device.
  • the power of the adjustable device is adjusted.
  • the active power change of the device is composed of two parts. The first part is the sensitivity of the over-limit device and the adjustable device in the ground state multiplied by the adjustable device. The second part is the sensitivity of the faulty device and the adjustable device in the ground state multiplied by the adjustable device adjustment amount and multiplied by the power flow transfer distribution factor of the faulty device and the overrun device. According to the amount of active power change of the over-limit device after the fault of the adjustable device power, the adjustment direction of the adjustable device required to reduce the active power of the device after the fault is determined.
  • the multi-device over-limit can be divided into three cases: one is that the different over-limit devices are independent of each other, that is, the power adjustment of the adjustable device for a single over-limit device does not affect the over-limit of other devices; The adjustment requirements of the device are the same. That is, the power adjustment of a device that exceeds the limit of a device will cause the other devices to reduce the limit. The third is that there are conflicts between the adjustment measures of different devices. The power adjustment of its adjustable device will cause the over-limit of other devices to increase.
  • step 5 If there is no conflict between the adjustable devices of the over-limit devices, proceed directly to step 5). If there is a conflict in the adjustment direction of the adjustable devices of the over-limit devices, the adjustable margin indicator is calculated, and then the adjustment direction of the conflict-adjustable device is determined according to the adjustable margin.
  • the adjustable margin of the fault limit j ⁇ P j is the amount of adjustment required to eliminate the fault limit j
  • [ ⁇ u 1 j ] is the maximum adjustable amount of the device that does not conflict with the adjustment
  • It is the sensitivity relationship matrix between the over-limit device and the adjustable device.
  • Limit j, C j less than 1 means that only the adjustment does not conflict with the adjustable device can not eliminate the fault limit j, the adjustable device needs to adjust the conflict to eliminate the limit;
  • the fault limit with low adjustable margin such as the conflict-adjustable device [u] for fault violation j and fault violation i, if the fault exceeds j, i If the adjustable margin is greater than 1, there is no need to adjust the conflicting adjustable device. If the fault exceeds the limit, the adjustable margin is greater than 1 and the fault exceeds the limit. The adjustable margin is less than 1 according to the adjustment requirement of the fault limit i. Determine the adjustment direction of the conflict-adjustable device [u]. If the fault exceeds the limit, the adjustable margin of j and i is less than 1, there must be one fault limit that cannot reach the adjustment target, and the adjustable range of the adjustable device needs to be increased. Or expand the collection of adjustable device objects.
  • Equation (5) is the equality constraint
  • [u] represents the vector of the independent variable or controllable variable, such as the active output of the generator
  • [x] represents the vector of the dependent variable or state variable, such as the voltage and phase angle of each node
  • [ p] represents a vector of parameter variables or uncontrollable variables, such as the conductance, susceptance, etc. of the network.
  • the equality constraint describes the equality relationship of the variables in the system, such as the power balance constraint determined by Kirchhoff's law.
  • Equation (6) is a pre-emptive accident constraint and is a constraint condition consisting of operational constraints included in each expected accident in the expected accident list.
  • Equation (7) is the optimization goal, and the adjustment goal or the adjustment cost is the minimum optimization goal.
  • the static safety assistant decision result of multi-fault coordination is obtained by the optimization solution.
  • the adjustment cost is the economic loss of the adjustment amount multiplied by the unit adjustment amount. When the adjustment cost is the minimum, the optimization target can be adjusted by giving different cost weighting factors to the power generation and load, that is, the economic loss cost caused by the unit adjustment amount. generator.
  • the multi-fault coordination static safety assistant decision proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is an implementation method for preventive control, that is, based on the monitoring and early warning and online evaluation technology, adopts the method of “risk early warning, predictive check”, according to the online operation information of the system.
  • various types of expected accident simulations such as the static safety over-limit problem
  • the corresponding control strategy calculation is started, and the grid operation plan is optimized online to eliminate possible insecurity.
  • Factors provide control decisions for dispatch operators.
  • the dispatching assistant decision-making can realize the effective “gateway forward” of the large-scale power grid security defense system and prevent it from happening.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a computer readable storage medium, the storage medium comprising a set of instructions for performing the static security integrated assisted decision making method for multi-fault coordination described above.
  • the sensitivity information of the optional adjustment device to the over-limit device is calculated by using an optional adjustment measure pre-specified by the generator, the load power adjustment, and the like. For the case where multiple faults cause over-limits, it is judged whether there are conflicts in the adjustment measures for different faults. For the situation in which the adjustment device conflicts, the adjustable margin indicator of each over-limit device is calculated, and the adjustment direction of the conflict-adjustable device is determined according to the adjustment requirement of the over-limit device with low adjustable margin. Finally, under the premise of ensuring the overall system power-load balance, the joint optimization optimization solution is used to determine the static safety assist decision-making adjustment scheme to eliminate or reduce the system's over-limit and overload problems and improve the static security of the system.

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Abstract

一种多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质。该方法包括步骤：1）读取静态安全分析的计算结果；2）对越限设备和故障设备进行灵敏度分析；3）根据越限设备与可调设备的灵敏度关系，确定越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；如果有多个设备越限，则判断各越限设备的可调设备是否存在调整方向的冲突；4）如果各越限设备的可调设备不存在冲突，则进行步骤5）；如果各越限设备的可调设备存在调整方向的冲突，则计算可调充裕度指标，并根据可调充裕度确定冲突的可调设备的调整方向；5）多故障协调静态安全综合辅助决策求解。

Description

多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质 技术领域
本发明涉及一种辅助决策方法，具体涉及一种多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质。
背景技术
电网安全关系国家安全。大电网的安全稳定控制是电网安全稳定运行的重要保障。随着我国大区电网互联的快速发展、特高压电网建设的稳步推进，电网运行的技术水平和复杂程度越来越高，电网运行控制的难度越来越大。在此背景下，亟需全面把握这样一个特大型电网的运行规律，研发先进的大电网安全稳定控制技术，提升驾驭大电网安全稳定经济运行的能力。
按作用的时间场景，安全稳定控制可分为两种控制形式。一种是预防控制，指电力系统正常运行时由于某种原因(运行方式恶化或扰动)处于警戒状态，为提高运行安全裕度，使电力系统恢复至安全状态而进行的控制。预防控制在扰动未发生时就改变系统的运行点，使处于警戒状态的运行点引入安全状态。预防控制一般是通过调度人员发出调度命令，由厂、站运行值班人员进行操作实现。
另一种是紧急控制，即当电力系统由于扰动进入紧急状态或特急状态时，为防止系统稳定破坏、防止运行参数严重超出允许范围，以及防止事故进一步扩大造成严重停电而进行的控制。紧急控制是在检测到特定扰动后，改变系统的稳定边界，使故障后的运行点人处于稳定状态。紧急控制一般通过安全稳定控制系统自动实现。
调度辅助决策的任务是需找一个满足安全稳定要求的运行点。这个问 题可以看成是一个约束优化问题，约束是在系统运行和预想故障下安全稳定性满足要求。与紧急控制不同，调度辅助决策根据在线安全稳定分析应用的预警信息，综合利用稳态、动态数据，对电网当前运行中存在的故障越限，以量化分析为基础，对改善系统安全稳定性所需的敏感控制对象进行识别，确定可调设备，确定满足多类稳定约束且控制代价优化的调度辅助策略，消除或缓解电网实时或者预想故障后的越限情况，为电网的安全运行提供前瞻性的调整策略支持。
辅助决策是为改变当前电网运行点提供建议，在存在多个安全越限问题时，控制措施不能只针对某一问题，因为不可能为需要解决的每个安全越限问题分别提供希望的运行点。辅助决策提供给调度运行人员的建议应该是整体解决方案，即针对存在的所有静态安全越限问题，而不是分别提出解决每个问题的建议，同时应确保不能引发新的越限问题。因此，针对某一潮流断面，辅助决策要综合协调各个越限问题的需要，使改变后的系统运行点能满足所有静态安全约束。其中需要解决的关键问题有：
对越限设备进行灵敏度分析：
针对越限设备，需要进行灵敏度分析，找出最有效的调整设备，以消除或减轻设备越限，一般的可调设备包括发电机和负荷。调整发电机出力或负荷会引起故障设备上潮流的变化，故障设备上潮流的变化会进而引起故障设备开断后越限设备上潮流。因此，也需要计算可调设备对故障设备的灵敏度，以及故障设备和越限设备之间的潮流转移分布因子。
判断多设备越限对可调设备的调整需求是否存在冲突：
如果有多个设备越限，多设备越限对可调设备的调整需求可能存在冲突，需要对此进行判断。根据各越限设备与可调设备的灵敏度关系，确定各越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向。不同设备越限对可调设备的调整方向可能存在冲突，即针对某设备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整，会 引起其它设备的越限加重。
确定冲突可调设备的调整方向：
静态安全分析多故障辅助决策是一个多目标优化问题，由多个不等式组成。对于控制变量向量，需要明确每个控制变量的调整方向，这是静态安全分析多故障辅助决策的关键点。对于多故障引起越限，当其可调设备即控制变量不存在冲突时，其调整方向容易确定；对于第其可调设备存在冲突的情况，需要根据一定的原则确定调整方向。
多故障协调静态安全综合辅助决策求解：
调度辅助决策的任务是需找一个满足安全稳定要求的运行点。这个问题可以看成是一个约束优化问题，约束是在系统运行和预想故障下安全稳定性满足要求。在存在多个安全越限问题时，控制措施不能只针对某一问题，因为不可能为需要解决的每个安全越限问题分别提供希望的运行点。多故障协调辅助决策提供给调度运行人员的建议应该是整体解决方案，即针对存在的所有静态安全越限问题，而不是分别提出解决每个问题的建议，同时应确保不能引发新的越限问题。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术中的不足，本发明实施例的目的是提供一种多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质，本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题是多故障协调静态安全综合辅助决策。此方法针对静态安全分析发现的基态有功潮流越限和N-1后有功潮流越限，通过发电机、负荷功率调整等预先指定的可选调整措施，计算可选调整设备对越限设备的灵敏度信息。针对多个故障引起越限的情况，判断不同故障越限的调整措施是否存在冲突。对调整设备存在冲突的情况，计算各越限设备的可调充裕度指标，优先根据可调充裕度低的越限设备的调整需求确定冲突可调设备的调整方向。最后在保证全系统发电-负荷整体平衡的前提下，通过联合优化 求解，确定静态安全辅助决策调整方案，以消除或减轻系统的越限和重载问题，提高系统的静态安全性。
本发明实施例的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的：
本发明实施例提供一种多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其改进之处在于，所述方法包括下述步骤：
1)辅助决策程序读取静态安全分析的计算结果，得到基态越限重载信息和故障后的越限信息，得到需要调整有功功率的支路列表和对应的预想故障信息，包括越限设备名称、越限百分百、支路额定功率和故障设备名称；所述越限设备包括线路、变压器与输电断面，然后计算得到越限设备的有功功率调整需求；
2)对越限设备和故障设备进行灵敏度分析：根据预先设定的可调设备(故障设备为静态安全分析计算中预想发生N-1故障的设备，越限设备为N-1故障后设备潮流超过限额的设备，可调设备是为消除越限可以进行调整潮流的设备)调整范围得到可调发电机和负荷列表，针对步骤1)确定的越限设备和故障设备进行灵敏度求解，得到越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，故障设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，得到故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子；
3)根据步骤2)得到的越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，确定越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；如果有多个设备越限，则判断各越限设备的可调设备是否存在调整方向的冲突；
4)如果各越限设备的可调设备不存在冲突，则进行步骤5)；
如果各越限设备的可调设备存在调整方向的冲突，则计算可调充裕度指标，然后根据可调充裕度确定冲突的可调设备的调整方向；
5)多故障协调静态安全综合辅助决策求解：根据步骤1)确定的越限 设备的有功功率调整需求，步骤2)确定的越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率与越限设备有功功率间的潮流转移分布因子，步骤3)和步骤4)确定的冲突可调设备的调整方向和调整范围，建立联合求解方程组，以调整量或调整代价最小为优化目标，调用线性优化软件通过优化求解得到多故障协调的静态安全辅助决策结果。
上述方案中，所述步骤1)中，读取静态安全分析的计算结果，针对变压器越限，根据变压器的额定容量和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率(指的是变压器容量减去额定容量)；额定容量为视在功率，即有功功率和无功功率的平方和的平方根，按照固定功率因数(固定功率因数指的是有功和无功的比)计算变压器从越限容量到额定容量所需调整的有功功率。
上述方案中，所述步骤1)中，读取静态安全分析的计算结果，针对线路电流越限，根据线路的额定电流和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率；线路电流根据线路视在功率和线路电压计算得到，视在功率为有功功率和无功功率的平方和的平方根，按照固定功率因素计算线路从越限电流到额定电流所需调整的有功功率。
上述方案中，所述步骤1)中，读取静态安全分析的计算结果，针对输电断面越限，根据输电断面的有功功率极限和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率。
上述方案中，所述步骤2)中，为避免平衡机对灵敏度的影响，可调发电机和负荷功率调整时，由同一电气岛内的所有其他机组根据可调容量按比例承担相应的反向功率调整，然后根据越限设备有功功率的变化量计算灵敏度；当越限设备为输电断面时，输电断面和可调发电机、负荷的灵敏度为断面组成支路与可调发电机、负荷的灵敏度的总加(输电断面由2条 线路组成，断面和发电机的灵敏度等于线路1和发电机的灵敏度加上线路2和发电机的灵敏度)。
上述方案中，所述步骤2)包括下述步骤：
<1>灵敏度分析，确定控制变量和控制目标间的灵敏度关系；控制变量包括节点有功、发电机有功和负荷有功；控制目标为支路有功；采用P-θ解耦模型求解灵敏度，某支路的有功潮流调整公式如下：
ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj
根据P-θ解耦模型，节点注入有功功率和节点相角有如下关系式：
[ΔP]＝[B'][Δθ]
由上述两式得到下式，即节点有功和支路有功功率间的灵敏度关系：
[ΔPij]＝[H][B']-1[ΔP]
式中，ΔPij表示支路有功的调整量，Bij表示根据P-θ解耦模型建立的支路导纳矩阵B中的元素，Δθi表示状态变量节点i相角的变化量；θj表示状态变量节点j相角的变化量，[ΔP]表示节点有功调整量向量，[B']表示根据P-θ解耦模型建立的支路导纳矩阵，Δθ表示状态变量节点相角调整量向量，[ΔP]表示节点有功调整量向量，[H]是根据式ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj建立起来的稀疏矩阵；
<2>确定故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子：支路开断后引起电网中其它支路有功潮流的变化，其它支路有功潮流的变化用分布因子来描述，采用P-θ解耦模型求解潮流转移分布因子；电网中有支路l开断，其两端节点是i，j，开断前支路l上的有功潮流是Pl，假定支路开断前后节点注入有功功率不变，则求出支路l开断后的电压和相角，进而求出支路l开断后支路k上的有功潮流，进一步求出支路l和支路k之间的潮流分布因子，如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000001
式中：X为公式ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj中元素Bij所在的支路导纳矩阵B的逆矩阵，Ml和Mk为支路l和支路k和节点矩阵的关联向量，由1和-1构成，支路首端节点为1，支路末端节点为-1；Dk-l为支路l和支路k之间的潮流分布因子、Xk-l为支路k和支路l的互电抗、Xl-l为支路l和支路l的互电抗、xk为支路k的电抗、xl为支路l的电抗。
上述方案中，所述步骤2)中，为避免平衡机对灵敏度的影响，可调发电机、负荷功率调整时，由同一电气岛内的所有其他机组根据可调容量按比例承担相应的反向功率调整，然后根据故障设备有功功率的变化量计算灵敏度。
上述方案中，所述步骤2)中，计算得到故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子，当越限设备为输电断面时，故障设备到输电断面的分布因子为故障设备到断面组成支路分布因子的总加。
上述方案中，所述步骤3)中，确定各越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；针对基态越限，根据越限设备和可调设备的灵敏度关系，以减少越限设备的有功功率为目标确定可调设备的调整方向。
上述方案中，所述步骤3)中，确定各越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；针对故障后设备越限，对可调设备进行功率调整后，故障后越限设备的有功功率变化量包括：①基态下越限设备和可调设备的灵敏度乘以可调设备调整量，②为基态下故障设备和可调设备的灵敏度乘以可调设备调整量再乘以故障设备与越限设备的潮流转移分布因子；根据可调设备功率调整后的故障后越限设备的有功功率变化量，确定为减少故障后越限设备的有功功率所需的可调设备的调整方向。
上述方案中，所述步骤3)中，多设备越限包括三种情况：一是不同越 限设备相互独立，即针对单个越限设备对其可调设备进行功率调整不影响其它设备越限；二是不同设备越限对部分可调设备的调整需求方向一致，即针对某设备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整会引起其它设备的越限减轻；三是不同设备越限的调整措施存在冲突，即针对某设备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整，会引起其它设备的越限加重。
上述方案中，所述步骤4)中，计算可调充裕度指标包括：
针对每个故障越限j，将其可调设备[uj]分为两部分
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000002
和
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000003
分别为不存在冲突的可调设备和存在冲突的可调设备；
评估故障越限j的可调充裕度如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000004
式中：ΔPj是消除故障越限j所需的有功功率调整量，
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000005
是不冲突可调设备的最大有功功率可调整量，
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000006
是越限设备有功功率和可调设备有功功率之间的灵敏度关系矩阵；可调充裕度Cj越大表示其可选择的调整设备越充足，Cj大于1表示仅调整不冲突可调设备就能消除故障越限j，Cj小于1表示仅调整不冲突可调设备不能消除故障越限j，需要调整冲突的可调设备才有能消除越限。
上述方案中，所述步骤4)中，对于存在调整冲突的可调设备，优先分配给可调充裕度低的故障越限，对于故障越限j和故障越限i的冲突可调设备[u]，如果故障越限j、i的可调充裕度都大于1则不需要调整冲突的可调设备；
如果故障越限j的可调充裕度大于1而故障越限i的可调充裕度小于1则根据故障越限i的调整需求确定冲突可调设备[u]的调整方向；
如果故障越限j、i的可调充裕度都小于1则必然有1个故障越限无法达到调整目标，需要增大可调设备的可调范围或扩大可调设备对象集合。
上述方案中，所述步骤5)中，通过对发电和负荷给定不同的代价权重系数，即单位调整量引起的经济损失代价，使得优先调整发电机。
本发明实施例提供的多故障协调静态安全综合辅助决策方法及存储介质易于实现，能够解决多故障静态安全越限对可调设备的调整需求存在冲突时的协调优化问题，自动给出综合辅助决策调整策略。满足大规模电网在安全稳定经济运行、各级电网一体化联合安全评估与协调优化调度等多方面对技术创新的要求，具体为：
1)根据静态安全分析的计算结论，进行静态安全辅助决策计算，包括基态越限辅助决策，故障后越限辅助决策，给出调整建议。
2)能够对越限设备进行灵敏度分析，包括越限设备有功功率和可调设备有功功率之间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率和可调设备有功功率之间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子。
3)能够对线路电流越限、主变容量越限、输电断面有功越限进行辅助决策计算，给出调整建议。
4)能够对单个设备越限进行辅助决策计算，也能够对多个设备越限进行辅助决策计算。
5)通过计算可调充裕度，评估为消除该设备越限可采取的调整措施的充裕性，为多个设备越限对可调设备的调整需求存在矛盾时的决策提供依据。
6)实现了多故障协调的静态安全辅助决策，能够解决多设备越限的调整措施存在冲突时的协调问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
以下描述和附图充分地示出本发明的具体实施方案，以使本领域的技术人员能够实践它们。其他实施方案可以包括结构的、逻辑的、电气的、过程的以及其他的改变。实施例仅代表可能的变化。除非明确要求，否则单独的组件和功能是可选的，并且操作的顺序可以变化。一些实施方案的部分和特征可以被包括在或替换其他实施方案的部分和特征。本发明的实施方案的范围包括权利要求书的整个范围，以及权利要求书的所有可获得的等同物。在本文中，本发明的这些实施方案可以被单独地或总地用术语“发明”来表示，这仅仅是为了方便，并且如果事实上公开了超过一个的发明，不是要自动地限制该应用的范围为任何单个发明或发明构思。
本发明实施例中所涉及的专业数据及缩略语如下：
静态安全分析：安全分析功能对多种给定运行方式(状态)进行预想事故分析，对会引起线路过负荷、电压越限和发电机功率越限等对电网安全运行构成威胁的故障进行警示，从而对整个电网的安全水平进行评估，找出系统的薄弱环节。预想事故集一般包括线路开断、发电机和变压器开断。如果只考虑预想事故后稳态运行状态下的安全性，而不考虑动态过程，则称为静态安全分析。
静态安全辅助决策：针对静态安全分析结论为静态不安全的潮流数据，对越限设备进行灵敏度分析，确定辅助决策调整方案，以消除或减轻系统越限和过载问题，提高系统的静态安全性。
灵敏度分析：电力系统中各种量如支路功率、母线电压及母线注入功率等之间的相互影响程度称为灵敏度。灵敏度分析是电力系统规划决策及运行控制中经常用到的方法，可以量化的计算出某项运行指标与控制变量之间的关系以确定该变量与系统的影响，从而进一步提出改善该运行指标 的措施。
本发明实施例提供的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法的流程图；如图1所示，包括下述步骤：
1)辅助决策程序读取静态安全分析的计算结果，得到基态越限重载信息和故障后的越限信息，得到需要调整有功功率的支路列表和对应的预想故障信息，包括越限设备名称、越限百分百、支路额定功率和故障设备名称，越限设备包括线路、变压器与输电断面，然后计算得到越限设备的有功功率调整需求。
静态安全分析的结果文件格式如下：
<SAOUT_OVER::国调soft＝国调>
ID_Name Type C_Range Perc limit SAType OLEFlag
开断元件名称 越限元件类型 越限元件名称 越限百分比 限值电流下限 计算值
NOFAULT0000 9赤峰北部受电41.9 350-350-496
NOFAULT0000 5安徽.虎濉4711线路-1.67 0.23902 0 235
NOFAULT0000 33内蒙.神华亿利电厂/5#T-3.39 150 0 144
山东.滨大线5山东.大信线7.04 0.31869 0 341
东北.阿科二线5东北.阿鲁线25.74 0.76836 0 966
</SAOUT_OVER::国调>
针对变压器越限，根据变压器的额定容量和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率。额定容量为视在功率，即有功功率和无功功率的平方和的平方根，按照固定功率因数(固定功率因数指的是有功和无功的比)计算变压器从越限的容量到额定容量所需调整的有功功率。
针对线路电流越限，根据线路的额定电流和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率。线路电流根据线路视在功率和线路电压计算得到，视在功率为有功功率和无功功率的平方和的平方根，按照固定功率因 数计算线路从越限电流到额定电流所需调整的有功功率。
针对输电断面越限，根据输电断面的有功功率极限和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率(指的是变压器容量减去额定容量)。
2)根据预先设定的可调设备调整范围得到可调发电机和负荷列表，针对步骤1)确定的越限设备和故障设备进行灵敏度求解，得到可调发电机、负荷的有功功率和越限设备、故障设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，得到故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子。故障设备为静态安全分析计算中预想发生N-1故障的设备，越限设备为N-1故障后设备潮流超过限额的设备，可调设备是为消除越限可以进行调整潮流的设备。
首先进行灵敏度分析，确定控制变量(节点有功，包括发电机有功、负荷有功)和控制目标(支路有功)间的灵敏度关系。采用P-θ解耦模型求解灵敏度，某支路的有功潮流调整公式为：
ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj             (1)
根据P-θ解耦模型，节点注入有功功率和节点相角有如下关系式：
[ΔP]＝[B'][Δθ]             (2)
由式(1)和(2)得到式(3)，即节点有功和支路有功功率间的灵敏度关系。
[ΔPij]＝[H][B']-1[ΔP]             (3)
式中，ΔPij表示支路有功的调整量，Bij表示根据P-θ解耦模型建立的支路导纳矩阵B中的元素，Δθi表示状态变量节点i相角的变化量；θj表示状态变量节点j相角的变化量，[ΔP]表示节点有功调整量向量，[B']表示根据P-θ解耦模型建立的支路导纳矩阵，Δθ表示状态变量节点相角调整量向 量，[ΔP]表示节点有功调整量向量，[H]是根据式ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj建立起来的稀疏矩阵；
为避免平衡机对灵敏度的影响，可调发电机、负荷功率调整时，由同一电气岛内的所有其他机组根据可调容量按比例承担相应的反向功率调整，然后根据越限设备有功功率的变化量计算灵敏度。当越限设备为输电断面时，输电断面和可调发电机、负荷的灵敏度为断面组成支路与可调发电机、负荷的灵敏度的总加(比如输电断面由2条线路组成，断面和发电机的灵敏度等于线路1和发电机的灵敏度加上线路2和发电机的灵敏度)。
当支路开断后会引起电网中其它支路有功潮流的变化，用分布因子来描述。采用P-θ解耦模型求解分布因子。另电网中有支路l开断，其两端节点是i，j，开断前支路l上的有功潮流是Pl，假定支路开断前后节点注入有功功率不变，则求出支路l开断后的电压和相角，就可以求出支路l开断后支路k上的有功潮流，进一步求出支路l和支路k之间的潮流分布因子，如式(4)。
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000007
其中：X为公式(1)中B矩阵的逆矩阵，Ml和Mk为支路l和支路k和节点矩阵的关联向量，由1和-1构成，支路首端节点为1，支路末端节点为-1；Dk-l为支路l和支路k之间的潮流分布因子、Xk-l为支路k和支路l的互电抗、Xl-l为支路l和支路l的互电抗、xk为支路k的电抗、xl为支路l的电抗。
当越限设备为输电断面时，故障设备到输电断面的分布因子为故障设备到断面组成支路分布因子的总加。
3)根据步骤2)得到的越限设备与可调设备的灵敏度关系，确定各越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向。
针对基态越限，根据越限设备和可调设备的灵敏度关系，以减少越限设备的有功功率为目标确定可调设备的调整方向。
针对故障后设备越限，对可调设备进行功率调整后，故障后越限设备的有功功率变化量由两部分组成，第一部分为基态下越限设备和可调设备的灵敏度乘以可调设备调整量，第二部分为基态下故障设备和可调设备的灵敏度乘以可调设备调整量再乘以故障设备与越限设备的潮流转移分布因子。根据可调设备功率调整后的故障后越限设备的有功功率变化量，确定为减少故障后越限设备的有功功率所需的可调设备的调整方向。
如果有多个设备越限，则判断各越限设备的可调设备是否存在调整方向的冲突。多设备越限可分为三种情况：一是不同越限设备相互独立，即针对单个越限设备对其可调设备进行功率调整不影响其它设备越限；二是不同设备越限对部分可调设备的调整需求方向一致，即针对某设备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整会引起其它设备的越限减轻；三是不同设备越限的调整措施存在冲突，即针对某设备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整，会引起其它设备的越限加重。
4)如果各越限设备的可调设备不存在冲突，则直接进行步骤5)。如果各越限设备的可调设备存在调整方向的冲突，则计算可调充裕度指标，然后根据可调充裕度确定冲突可调设备的调整方向。
首先针对每个故障越限j，将其可调设备[uj[分为两部分
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000008
和
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000009
分别为不存在冲突的可调设备和存在冲突的可调设备；
然后评估故障越限j的可调充裕度
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000010
ΔPj是消除故障越限j所需的调整量，[Δu1 j]是不冲突可调设备的最大可调整量，
Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-000011
是越限设备和可调设备之间的灵敏度关系矩阵，可调充裕度Cj越大表示其可选择的调整设备越充足，Cj大于1表示仅调整不冲突可调设备就能消除故障越 限j，Cj小于1表示仅调整不冲突可调设备不能消除故障越限j，需要调整冲突的可调设备才有可能消除越限；
对于存在调整冲突的可调设备，优先分配给可调充裕度低的故障越限，如对于故障越限j和故障越限i的冲突可调设备[u]，如果故障越限j、i的可调充裕度都大于1则不需要调整冲突的可调设备，如果故障越限j的可调充裕度大于1而故障越限i的可调充裕度小于1则根据故障越限i的调整需求确定冲突可调设备[u]的调整方向，如果故障越限j、i的可调充裕度都小于1则必然有1个故障越限无法达到调整目标，需要增大可调设备的可调范围或扩大可调设备对象集合。
5)根据步骤1)确定的各越限设备的有功功率调整需求，步骤2)确定的越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率与越限设备有功功率间的潮流转移分布因子，步骤3)和步骤4)确定的可调设备的调整方向和可调范围，建立联合求解方程组，如式(5)～(7)。式(5)为等式约束，[u]表示自变量或可控制变量的向量，如发电机的有功出力；[x]表示应变量或状态变量的向量，如各节点的电压、相角[p]表示参数变量或不可控变量的向量，如网络的电导、电纳等。等式约束描述的是系统中各变量存在的等式关系，如基尔霍夫定律确定的功率平衡约束。
式(6)为预想事故约束，是由包含在预想事故一览表中各预想事故的运行约束所组成的约束条件。式(7)为优化目标，以调整量或调整代价最小为优化目标，通过优化求解得到多故障协调的静态安全辅助决策结果。调整代价为调整量乘以单位调整量的经济损失，以调整代价最小为优化目标时，可以通过对发电和负荷给定不同的代价权重系数，即单位调整量引起的经济损失代价，使得优先调整发电机。
[g([x],[u],[p])]＝[0]            (5)
[hj([xj],[u],[p])]≤[0]          (6)
min F([x],[u])≤[0]          (7)
本发明实施例提出的多故障协调静态安全辅助决策是针对预防控制的实现方式，即以监控预警和在线评估技术为基础，采用“风险预警、预测校核”的方式，根据系统的在线运行信息，按当时或以后短时可能的变化情况，进行各类预想事故仿真，如仿真结果出现静态安全越限问题，则启动相应的控制策略计算，通过在线优化电网运行方案，消除可能出现的不安全因素，为调度运行人员提供控制决策建议。调度辅助决策可以实现大电网安全防御体系有效的“关口前移”，防患未然。
本发明实施例还提出一种计算机可读存储介质，该存储介质包括一组指令，所述指令用于执行以上所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明实施例通过发电机、负荷功率调整等预先指定的可选调整措施，计算可选调整设备对越限设备的灵敏度信息。针对多个故障引起越限的情况，判断不同故障越限的调整措施是否存在冲突。对调整设备存在冲突的情况，计算各越限设备的可调充裕度指标，优先根据可调充裕度低的越限设备的调整需求确定冲突可调设备的调整方向。最后在保证全系统发电-负荷整体平衡的前提下，通过联合优化求解，确定静态安全辅助决策调整方案，以消除或减轻系统的越限和重载问题，提高系统的静态安全性。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，包括下述步骤：
    1)辅助决策程序读取静态安全分析的计算结果，得到基态越限重载信息和故障后的越限信息，得到需要调整有功功率的支路列表和对应的预想故障信息，包括越限设备名称、越限百分百、支路额定功率和故障设备名称；所述越限设备包括线路、变压器与输电断面，然后计算得到越限设备的有功功率调整需求；
    2)对越限设备和故障设备进行灵敏度分析：根据预先设定的可调设备调整范围得到可调发电机和负荷列表，针对步骤1)确定的越限设备和故障设备进行灵敏度求解，得到越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，故障设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，得到故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子；
    3)根据步骤2)得到的越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度关系，确定越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；如果有多个设备越限，则判断各越限设备的可调设备是否存在调整方向的冲突；
    4)如果各越限设备的可调设备不存在冲突，则进行步骤5)；
    如果各越限设备的可调设备存在调整方向的冲突，则计算可调充裕度指标，然后根据可调充裕度确定冲突的可调设备的调整方向；
    5)多故障协调静态安全综合辅助决策求解：根据步骤1)确定的越限设备的有功功率调整需求，步骤2)确定的越限设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率与可调设备有功功率间的灵敏度，故障设备有功功率与越限设备有功功率间的潮流转移分布因子，步骤3)和步骤4)确定的冲突可调设备的调整方向和调整范围，建立联合求解方程组，以调整量或调整代价最小为优化目标，调用线性优化软件通过优化求解得到多故障协调的静态安全辅助决策结果。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤1)中，读取静态安全分析的计算结果，针对变压器越限，根据变压器的额定容量和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率；额定容量为视在功率，即有功功率和无功功率的平方和的平方根，按照固定功率因数计算变压器从越限容量到额定容量所需调整的有功功率。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤1)中，读取静态安全分析的计算结果，针对线路电流越限，根据线路的额定电流和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率；线路电流根据线路视在功率和线路电压计算得到，视在功率为有功功率和无功功率的平方和的平方根，按照固定功率因素计算线路从越限电流到额定电流所需调整的有功功率。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤1)中，读取静态安全分析的计算结果，针对输电断面越限，根据输电断面的有功功率极限和越限百分百计算得到消除越限所需调整的有功功率。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤2)中，为避免平衡机对灵敏度的影响，可调发电机和负荷功率调整时，由同一电气岛内的所有其他机组根据可调容量按比例承担相应的反向功率调整，然后根据越限设备有功功率的变化量计算灵敏度；当越限设备为输电断面时，输电断面和可调发电机、负荷的灵敏度为断面组成支路与可调发电机、负荷的灵敏度的总加。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤2)包括下述步骤：
    <1>灵敏度分析，确定控制变量和控制目标间的灵敏度关系；控制变量包括节点有功、发电机有功和负荷有功；控制目标为支路有功；采用P-θ解 耦模型求解灵敏度，某支路的有功潮流调整公式如下：
    ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj
    根据P-θ解耦模型，节点注入有功功率和节点相角有如下关系式：
    [ΔP]＝[B'][Δθ]
    由上述两式得到下式，即节点有功和支路有功功率间的灵敏度关系：
    [ΔPij]＝[H][B']-1[ΔP]
    式中，ΔPij表示支路有功的调整量，Bij表示根据P-θ解耦模型建立的支路导纳矩阵B中的元素，Δθi表示状态变量节点i相角的变化量；θj表示状态变量节点j相角的变化量，[ΔP]表示节点有功调整量向量，[B']表示根据P-θ解耦模型建立的支路导纳矩阵，Δθ表示状态变量节点相角调整量向量，[ΔP]表示节点有功调整量向量，[H]是根据式ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj建立起来的稀疏矩阵；
    <2>确定故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子：支路开断后引起电网中其它支路有功潮流的变化，其它支路有功潮流的变化用分布因子来描述，采用P-θ解耦模型求解潮流转移分布因子；电网中有支路l开断，其两端节点是i，j，开断前支路l上的有功潮流是Pl，假定支路开断前后节点注入有功功率不变，则求出支路l开断后的电压和相角，进而求出支路l开断后支路k上的有功潮流，进一步求出支路l和支路k之间的潮流分布因子，如下式所示：
    Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-100001
    式中：X为公式ΔPij＝BijΔθi-BijΔθj中元素Bij所在的支路导纳矩阵B的逆矩阵，Ml和Mk为支路l和支路k和节点矩阵的关联向量，由1和-1构成，支路首端节点为1，支路末端节点为-1；Dk-l为支路l和支路k之间的潮流分布因子、Xk-l为支路k和支路l的互电抗、Xl-l为支路l和支路l的互电抗、 xk为支路k的电抗、xl为支路l的电抗。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤2)中，为避免平衡机对灵敏度的影响，可调发电机、负荷功率调整时，由同一电气岛内的所有其他机组根据可调容量按比例承担相应的反向功率调整，然后根据故障设备有功功率的变化量计算灵敏度。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤2)中，计算得到故障设备有功功率和越限设备有功功率之间的潮流转移分布因子，当越限设备为输电断面时，故障设备到输电断面的分布因子为故障设备到断面组成支路分布因子的总加。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤3)中，确定各越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；针对基态越限，根据越限设备和可调设备的灵敏度关系，以减少越限设备的有功功率为目标确定可调设备的调整方向。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤3)中，确定各越限设备所需要的可调设备的调整方向；针对故障后设备越限，对可调设备进行功率调整后，故障后越限设备的有功功率变化量包括：①基态下越限设备和可调设备的灵敏度乘以可调设备调整量，②为基态下故障设备和可调设备的灵敏度乘以可调设备调整量再乘以故障设备与越限设备的潮流转移分布因子；根据可调设备功率调整后的故障后越限设备的有功功率变化量，确定为减少故障后越限设备的有功功率所需的可调设备的调整方向。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤3)中，多设备越限包括三种情况：一是不同越限设备相互独立，即针对单个越限设备对其可调设备进行功率调整不影响其它设备越限；二是不同设备越限对部分可调设备的调整需求方向一致，即针对某设 备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整会引起其它设备的越限减轻；三是不同设备越限的调整措施存在冲突，即针对某设备越限对其可调设备进行功率调整，会引起其它设备的越限加重。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤4)中，计算可调充裕度指标包括：
    针对每个故障越限j，将其可调设备[uj]分为两部分
    Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-100002
    和
    Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-100003
    分别为不存在冲突的可调设备和存在冲突的可调设备；
    评估故障越限j的可调充裕度如下式所示：
    Figure PCTCN2016087806-appb-100004
    式中：ΔPj是消除故障越限j所需的有功功率调整量，[Δu1 j]是不冲突可调设备的最大有功功率可调整量，[Lj]是越限设备有功功率和可调设备有功功率之间的灵敏度关系矩阵；可调充裕度Cj越大表示其可选择的调整设备越充足，Cj大于1表示仅调整不冲突可调设备就能消除故障越限j，Cj小于1表示仅调整不冲突可调设备不能消除故障越限j，需要调整冲突的可调设备才有能消除越限。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法，其中，所述步骤4)中，对于存在调整冲突的可调设备，优先分配给可调充裕度低的故障越限，对于故障越限j和故障越限i的冲突可调设备[u]，如果故障越限j、i的可调充裕度都大于1则不需要调整冲突的可调设备；
    如果故障越限j的可调充裕度大于1而故障越限i的可调充裕度小于1则根据故障越限i的调整需求确定冲突可调设备[u]的调整方向；
    如果故障越限j、i的可调充裕度都小于1则必然有1个故障越限无法达到调整目标，需要增大可调设备的可调范围或扩大可调设备对象集合。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法， 其中，所述步骤5)中，通过对发电和负荷给定不同的代价权重系数，即单位调整量引起的经济损失代价，使得优先调整发电机。
  15. 一种计算机可读存储介质，该存储介质包括一组指令，所述指令用于执行权利要求1至14任一项所述的多故障协调的静态安全综合辅助决策方法。
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