WO2017021635A1 - Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, engine comprising such a cylinder head, and method for producing such a cylinder head - Google Patents

Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, engine comprising such a cylinder head, and method for producing such a cylinder head Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017021635A1
WO2017021635A1 PCT/FR2016/051979 FR2016051979W WO2017021635A1 WO 2017021635 A1 WO2017021635 A1 WO 2017021635A1 FR 2016051979 W FR2016051979 W FR 2016051979W WO 2017021635 A1 WO2017021635 A1 WO 2017021635A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
cylinder head
tablature
water chamber
floor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2016/051979
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Emile Thomas Di Serio
Guillaume MALHERBE
Original Assignee
Saint Jean Industries
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Jean Industries filed Critical Saint Jean Industries
Publication of WO2017021635A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017021635A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B77/00Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B77/02Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2301/00Using particular materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/248Methods for avoiding thermal stress-induced cracks in the zone between valve seat openings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/249Cylinder heads with flame plate, e.g. insert in the cylinder head used as a thermal insulation between cylinder head and combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modular cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates to an engine comprising such a cylinder head, and a method of manufacturing such a cylinder head.
  • the field of the invention is that of motor cylinder heads for motor vehicles, special machines, industrial or marine equipment.
  • the engine cylinder heads are cast in one piece, using a foundry process.
  • This part comprises a lower part called "face fire” or "face combustion”, seat of the explosion, arranged next to the pistons.
  • this part comprises an upper part integrating the water chamber (cylinder cooling system), the oil channels providing lubrication and the camshaft bearings.
  • Control of the cylinder head molding process is essential to ensure the efficient performance of each of the above functions.
  • the main parameters to be taken into consideration are the heat of the cylinder head (depends in particular on the surface conditions, the cleanliness and the design of the water chamber), its resistance in thermal fatigue (depends in particular on the mechanical characteristics and the states surface of the water chamber, as well as areas of inter-valve bridges), and the efficiency of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (depends in particular on the aerodynamic characteristics of the intake and exhaust ducts) .
  • WO 2008 009 834 describes an example of a cylinder head, comprising a perforated element extending along the tablature and coated with the aluminum alloy forming the cylinder head.
  • the tablature is reinforced with respect to the bending forces experienced during operation of the engine.
  • EP 0 394 832 describes another example of a cylinder head consisting of two superimposed modules.
  • the first module includes the tablature, the valve seats and the gas exchange channels, while the second module includes the valve control means.
  • the tablature and the corresponding connecting part formed on the cylinder block are mirror-symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis of the engine, to create two possible connection positions between the first module and the cylinder block.
  • the engine can be formed by assembling two cylinder head modules and a multi-purpose cylinder block, provided to adapt to the desired configuration of the engine.
  • GB 1 031 571 describes another example of a cylinder head consisting of two superimposed modules.
  • the first module includes tablature, valve seats, part of the gas intake channels and all gas exhaust channels.
  • the second module includes the valve control means and the other portion of the gas intake channels.
  • the first module is cooled by a water chamber, while the second module is cooled by air.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved cylinder head, particularly in terms of resistance to thermomechanical stresses.
  • the subject of the invention is a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, including a tablature and valve seats intended to be positioned facing a cylinder block; gas exchange conduits extending from the valve seats to intake and exhaust ports; and a water chamber having a floor and a ceiling.
  • the cylinder head is characterized in that it comprises a first module including at least one pair of valve seats and a jumper intersole; and a second module including at least the ceiling of the water chamber.
  • the cylinder head design offers greater flexibility. It is easier to modify the geometry of one of the modules, as well as to add or remove a function to the cylinder head.
  • the modules are interchangeable depending on the type of engine, which gives great versatility to the cylinder head. It is possible to provide several designs of cylinder heads, with first interchangeable modules, and second interchangeable modules.
  • the invention also relates to an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises a cylinder head as mentioned above.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cylinder head as mentioned above. The method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • a step of assembling the first module and the second module for example by soldering, welding, gluing, bolt and joint clamping, or insertion to casting.
  • the first module includes the tablature, the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
  • the first module includes the tablature, while the second module includes the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
  • the first module includes a first part of the tablature, while the second module includes a second part of the tablature, the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
  • the second module includes the tablature, the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
  • the cylinder head includes a plurality of first modules, each including at least one pair of valve seats and an inter-valve bridge.
  • the first module and the second module are made of two different materials.
  • the first module is made of a material more resistant to thermomechanical stresses than the second module.
  • the second module is made of secondary alloy.
  • the first module and the second module are each made by casting and forging.
  • the first modules and the second module are assembled by insertion to the casting.
  • the floor and the ceiling of the water chamber have an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of between 19 and 24 ⁇ and an average roughness without peaks and isolated cavities Rf between 38 and 50 ⁇ .
  • Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of an internal combustion engine according to the invention, comprising a cylinder block and a cylinder head also according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of the cylinder head, according to the arrow II in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a section along the line III-III in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a cylinder head according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 6 is a side view along the arrow VI in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a section along the line VII-VII in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII in Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a cylinder head according to a third embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 10 is a side view along the arrow X in Figure 9;
  • Figure 1 1 is a section along the line XI-XI in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is an elevational view along the arrow XII in Figure 10;
  • Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a yoke according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 14 is a side view along arrow XIV in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a section along the line XV-XV in Figure 14;
  • FIG. 16 is an elevational view along arrow XVI in FIG. 14, and FIGS. 17, 18, 19 and 20 are perspective views similar to FIG. 1, showing yokes respectively corresponding to a fifth, sixth, a seventh and an eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGs 1 to 4 is shown partially and schematically a combustion engine 1 according to the invention.
  • the engine 1 comprises a cylinder block 2 and a cylinder head 10, also in accordance with the invention.
  • the cylinder block 2 is represented by three dotted lines, only in Figure 1, for the sake of simplification.
  • the yoke 10 comprises a lower face 1 1 disposed facing the cylinder block 2, an upper face 12 disposed opposite the cylinder block 2, and four side faces 13, 14, 15 and 16.
  • the yoke 10 is constituted by a first module 20 and second module 30.
  • the yoke 10 is modular, which optimizes the thermomechanical characteristics of its sensitive parts.
  • the module 20 forms the lower part of the cylinder head 10, called "fire face” or “combustion face”, while the module 30 forms the upper part of the cylinder head 10.
  • Modules 20 and 30 can be made of light alloys (aluminum, magnesium) or ferrous alloys (cast iron, steel).
  • the modules 20 and 30 can be made of two different materials.
  • the modules 20 and 30 may be made of two different aluminum alloys, or the module 20 may be made of aluminum alloy while the module 30 is made of cast iron.
  • the module 30 may be made of a secondary alloy, which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the cylinder head 10.
  • the modules 20 and 30 may be manufactured separately, in particular by forging and / or casting.
  • the modules 20 and 30 may be manufactured using the same manufacturing method, or two distinct processes.
  • each module 20 or 30 is manufactured by casting and forging, in accordance with the COBAPRESS process (registered trademark), forging a foundry preform.
  • each of the modules 20 and 30 is in one piece.
  • the module 30 may consist of several elements forming the upper part of the cylinder head.
  • the modules 20 and 30 are assembled at a joint plane 18.
  • the modules 20 and 30 can be secured by brazing, welding, gluing and / or tightening by bolts and seals.
  • the modules 20 and 30 are secured by gluing in the joint plane 18 and then by screwing, using long screws which pass through the cylinder head 10 and are fixed in the cylinder block 2.
  • the cylinder head 10 comprises a tablature 40, valve seats 50, an inter-valve bridge 58, gas exchange pipes 60, intake and exhaust ports 64, and a water chamber 70 having a floor 72 and a ceiling 74.
  • These elements are distributed on the modules 20 and 30, as detailed below. Thanks to the modular construction of the cylinder head 10, the manufacture of each of these elements is better controlled, in comparison with a monobloc cylinder head. Thus, the thermomechanical characteristics of these elements, and in particular their surface states, are better controlled.
  • the cylinder head 10 may be provided with an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, lubrication circuits and camshaft bearings, not shown for simplification purposes.
  • the distributor and the collector are connected to the orifices 64.
  • the lubrication circuits pass through the modules 20 and 30.
  • the camshaft bearings are formed on the upper face 12 of the cylinder head 10, on the module 30.
  • the module 20 comprises the tablature 40, the valve seats 50, the intersoupape bridge 58, the gas exchange ducts 60, the intake and exhaust ports 64, and the floor 72 of the water chamber. 70.
  • the module 20 is positioned against the cylinder block 2, at the face 1 1.
  • the module 20 cash directly thermomechanical stresses generated by the explosion occurring in the cylinder block 2, when the engine 1 is in operation. In particular, these thermomechanical stresses are exerted on the tablature 40, the valve seats 50 and the inter-valve bridge 58.
  • the module 30 comprises the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • the module 30 is not directly applied during the explosion in the cylinder block 2.
  • the water chamber 70 is subjected to significant constraints when the engine 1 is in operation.
  • making the chamber 70 in two parts 72 and 74 distributed over the modules 20 and 30 makes it possible to optimize its characteristics, in particular its surface state. The risk of cracking is thus reduced.
  • the module 30 has grooves 32 extending between the faces 15 and 16 of the yoke 10. These grooves 32 can receive industrial glue to secure the modules 20 and 30. Alternatively, the grooves 32 may have other shapes and / or arrangements. Alternatively or in addition, the cylinder head 10 may be provided with other means facilitating assembly of the modules 20 and 30.
  • the tablature 40 is the wall interposed between, on the one hand, the combustion chamber located in the cylinder block 2 and, on the other hand, the ducts 60 and the water chamber 70 formed in the cylinder head 10.
  • thickness of the tablature 40 is for example between 10 and 15 millimeters. In practice, this thickness depends on the dimensions of the engine 1.
  • the tablature 40 has a flat surface 48 located on the face 1 1. This surface 48 is disposed in contact with the cylinder head gasket, not shown, and the cylinder block 2.
  • the valve seats 50 are arranged recessed in the module 20 relative to this surface 48. As a variant, the valve seats 50 can be flush with this surface 48.
  • the cylinder head 10 comprises a pair of valve seats 51 and 52, a pair of gas exchange ducts 61 and 62, and a pair of intake and exhaust ports. 65 and 66.
  • a single bridge 58 is thus formed between the valve seats 51 and 52.
  • the cylinder head 10 may include more than two valve seats 50, a bridge 58, two pipes 60 and two orifices 64.
  • the gas exchange ducts 60 extend from the valve seats 50 to the intake and exhaust ports 64. More specifically, the duct 61 extends between the valve seat 51 and the air port. intake 65 open on the face 15, while the conduit 62 extends between the valve seat 51 and the exhaust port 66 open on the face 16.
  • the orifice 65 is connected to the intake manifold, while that the orifice 66 is connected to the exhaust manifold.
  • the water chamber 70 forms the cooling system of the cylinder head 10.
  • the coolant circulating in the chamber 70 is brine.
  • the chamber 70 extends through the yoke 10 in the vicinity of the ducts 60, between two orifices 75 and 76.
  • the orifice 76 may constitute the water inlet, while the orifice 75 constitutes the outlet of 'water.
  • the joint plane 18 is located in the middle of the chamber 70, so that the floor 72 belongs to the module 20, while the ceiling 74 belongs to the module 30.
  • Manufacture the chamber 70 in two parts 72 and 74 distributed over the modules 20 and 30 makes it possible to improve its surface state, and therefore to reduce the risk of cracking. Also, this makes it possible to design complex chamber geometries 70 that are not feasible by conventional coring. In addition, it eliminates the risk of dirt caused by the presence of residual sand in the chamber 70.
  • the implementation of the invention makes it possible to obtain, for the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the chamber 70, an arithmetical mean roughness Ra of between 19 and 24 ⁇ and an average roughness without the peaks. and isolated recesses Rf between 38 and 50 ⁇ . These roughnesses are close to those obtained for the surface 48 of tablature 40.
  • the roughness Rf is defined by the CNOMO standard (Committee for the Standardization of Production Mediums).
  • the roughness Ra is of the order of 22 ⁇
  • the roughness Rf is of the order of 46 ⁇ .
  • FIGS. 5 to 20 Other embodiments of a cylinder head 10 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 5 to 20. Certain constituent elements of the cylinder head 10 are comparable to those of the first embodiment described above and, for simplification purposes. , bear the same numerical references.
  • Figures 5 to 8 show a cylinder head 10 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the module 20 comprises the tablature 40, the valve seats 50, the intersoupape bridge 58, and a part of the gas exchange conduits 60.
  • the module 30 comprises the other part of the gas exchange conduits 60, the orifices intake and exhaust 64, as well as the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 show a cylinder head 10 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the module 20 comprises a first portion 42 of the tablature 40, the valve seats 50, the inter-valve bridge 58, and a portion of the gas exchange conduits 60.
  • the module 30 comprises a second portion 44 of the tablature 40 , the other part of the gas exchange ducts 60, the intake and exhaust ports 64, as well as the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • the modules 20 and 30 are preferably secured by insertion to the casting. More specifically, the module 30 is cast around the module 20. The parts 42 and 44 of the tablature 40 are secured at a junction surface 19.
  • Figures 13 to 16 show a yoke 10 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the module 20 has smaller dimensions, so that the module 30 comprises the entire tablature 40.
  • the module 20 comprises the valve seats 50, the inter-valve bridge 58, and a part of the gas exchange conduits 60.
  • the module 30 comprises the tablature 40, the other part of the gas exchange conduits 60, the intake and exhaust ports 64, as well as the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • FIG. 17 shows a cylinder head 10 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • This fifth mode is similar to the first mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1.
  • the module 20 comprises the tablature 40, the six valve seats 50, the three inter-valve bridges 58, the six gas exchange ducts 60, the six intake and exhaust ports 64, as well as the floor 72 of the water chamber 70.
  • the module 30 comprises the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • Figure 18 shows a cylinder head 10 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • This sixth mode is similar to the second mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1.
  • the module 20 comprises the tablature 40, six valve seats 50, three inter-valve bridges 58, and part of the six gas exchange ducts 60.
  • the module 30 comprises the other part of the six gas exchange ducts. 60, the six intake and exhaust ports 64, and the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • Figure 19 shows a cylinder head 10 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • This seventh mode is similar to the third mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1, and comprises three modules 20 assembled with a single module 30.
  • Each module 20 comprises a part of the tablature 40, two seats valve 50, an inter-valve bridge 58, and a portion of the six gas exchange conduits 60.
  • the module 30 comprises the remainder of the tablature 40, the other portion of the conduits 60, the six inlet ports and exhaust 64, and the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • the modules 20 and 30 are preferably secured by insertion to the casting. More specifically, the module 30 is cast around the modules 20.
  • the modules 20 may have smaller dimensions, so that the module 30 comprises the entire tablature 40.
  • Figure 20 shows a cylinder head 10 according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.
  • This eighth mode is similar to the fourth mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1, and comprises three modules 20 assembled with a single module 30.
  • the modules 20 In comparison with the seventh mode, in this eighth mode the modules 20 have smaller dimensions, so that the module 30 comprises the entire tablature 40.
  • the yoke 10 may be shaped differently from Figures 1 to 20 without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the yoke 10 comprises at least a first module 20 which includes at least one pair of valve seats 51 and 52 and an intersoupape bridge 58; and a second module 30 which includes at least the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
  • the cylinder head 10 can be adapted in terms of cost, modularity, functionality and performance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cylinder head (10) for an internal combustion engine (1), including a deck (40) and valve seats (50) for positioning opposite a cylinder block (2); gas-exchanging conduits (60) extending from the valve seats (50) to inlets and outlets (64); and a water chamber (70) comprising a bottom (72) and a top (74). The cylinder head (10) is characterised in that it comprises a first module (20) including at least one pair (51, 52) of valve seats (50) and a valve bridge (58); and a second module (30) including at least the top (74) of the water chamber (70). The invention also relates to an engine (1) comprising such a cylinder head (10), and to a method for producing such a cylinder head (10).

Description

CULASSE POUR MOTEUR A COMBUSTION INTERNE, MOTEUR COMPRENANT UNE TELLE CULASSE ET PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UNE TELLE CULASSE  CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ENGINE COMPRISING SAID CYLINDER HEAD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH CULASSE
La présente invention concerne une culasse modulaire pour un moteur à combustion interne, notamment un moteur à explosion. L'invention a également pour objet un moteur comprenant une telle culasse, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication d'une telle culasse. Le domaine de l'invention est celui des culasses de moteurs pour véhicules automobiles, machines spéciales, équipements industriels ou marins. Classiquement, les culasses de moteur à explosion sont coulées en une seule pièce, en mettant en œuvre un procédé de fonderie. Cette pièce comprend une partie inférieure dite « face feu » ou « face combustion », siège de l'explosion, disposée en regard des pistons. Egalement, cette pièce comprend une partie supérieure intégrant la chambre d'eau (système de refroidissement de la culasse), les canaux d'huile assurant la lubrification et les paliers d'arbre à cames. The present invention relates to a modular cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine. The invention also relates to an engine comprising such a cylinder head, and a method of manufacturing such a cylinder head. The field of the invention is that of motor cylinder heads for motor vehicles, special machines, industrial or marine equipment. Conventionally, the engine cylinder heads are cast in one piece, using a foundry process. This part comprises a lower part called "face fire" or "face combustion", seat of the explosion, arranged next to the pistons. Also, this part comprises an upper part integrating the water chamber (cylinder cooling system), the oil channels providing lubrication and the camshaft bearings.
La maîtrise du procédé de moulage de la culasse est primordiale afin de garantir la réalisation efficace de chacune des fonctions ci-dessus. Les principaux paramètres à prendre en considération sont la thermique de la culasse (dépend notamment des états de surface, de la propreté et de la conception de la chambre d'eau), sa tenue en fatigue thermique (dépend notamment des caractéristiques mécaniques et des états de surface de la chambre d'eau, ainsi que des zones de pontets inter-soupapes), et l'efficacité du mélange air-carburant dans la chambre de combustion (dépend notamment des caractéristiques aérodynamiques des conduits d'admission et d'échappement). Control of the cylinder head molding process is essential to ensure the efficient performance of each of the above functions. The main parameters to be taken into consideration are the heat of the cylinder head (depends in particular on the surface conditions, the cleanliness and the design of the water chamber), its resistance in thermal fatigue (depends in particular on the mechanical characteristics and the states surface of the water chamber, as well as areas of inter-valve bridges), and the efficiency of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (depends in particular on the aerodynamic characteristics of the intake and exhaust ducts) .
Dans un contexte de réduction de taille des moteurs (« downsizing » en Anglais), la géométrie des culasses se complexifie et les caractéristiques thermomécaniques imposées par les cahiers des charges atteignent des niveaux importants. En effet, des moteurs de plus petites cylindrées, et de puissances égales ou supérieures à la génération précédente, sont soumis à des contraintes thermomécaniques très importantes. Cette complexification engendre de nouvelles problématiques de noyautage, chambre d'eau, circuits d'huile, conduits d'admission ou d'échappement. Par conséquent, des compromis sur le design de la culasse sont souvent nécessaires (géométrie simplifiée, surépaisseurs et rayons de courbure modifiés). En pratique, la tablature, les pontets et la chambre d'eau, notamment son plafond, sont les zones de la culasse les plus sollicitées lorsque le moteur est en fonctionnement. Des systèmes de refroidissement et des épaisseurs de toiles judicieusement dimensionnés permettent de répondre aux contraintes exercées sur la tablature et les pontets. En revanche, il est beaucoup plus complexe de travailler sur la chambre d'eau, qui présente par conséquent un risque de fissure. In a context of downsizing, the geometry of the cylinder heads becomes more complex and the thermomechanical characteristics imposed by the specifications reach important levels. In fact, engines of smaller displacement, and powers equal to or greater than the previous generation, are subject to very large thermomechanical stresses. This complexification generates new issues of cored, water chamber, oil circuits, intake or exhaust ducts. Consequently, compromises on the design of the cylinder head are often necessary (simplified geometry, overthicknesses and modified radii of curvature). In practice, the tablature, the bridges and the water chamber, including its ceiling, are the areas of the cylinder head most stressed when the engine is in operation. Cooling systems and appropriately sized fabric thicknesses make it possible to meet the stresses exerted on the tablature and the bridges. On the other hand, it is much more complex to work on the water chamber, which therefore presents a risk of cracking.
WO 2008 009 834 décrit un exemple de culasse, comprenant un élément ajouré s'étendant le long de la tablature et enrobé par l'alliage d'aluminium formant la culasse. Ainsi, la tablature est renforcée à l'égard des efforts de flexion subis lors du fonctionnement du moteur. WO 2008 009 834 describes an example of a cylinder head, comprising a perforated element extending along the tablature and coated with the aluminum alloy forming the cylinder head. Thus, the tablature is reinforced with respect to the bending forces experienced during operation of the engine.
EP 0 394 832 décrit un autre exemple de culasse, constituée par deux modules superposés. Le premier module inclut la tablature, les sièges de soupape et les canaux d'échange de gaz, tandis que le second module inclut les moyens de commande des soupapes. La tablature et la partie de raccordement correspondante formée sur le bloc- cylindres sont réalisées de façon symétrique en miroir par rapport à un axe longitudinal du moteur, pour créer deux positions de raccordement possibles entre le premier module et le bloc-cylindres. Ainsi, le moteur peut être formé par assemblage de deux modules de culasse et d'un bloc-cylindres polyvalents, prévus pour s'adapter à la configuration souhaitée du moteur. EP 0 394 832 describes another example of a cylinder head consisting of two superimposed modules. The first module includes the tablature, the valve seats and the gas exchange channels, while the second module includes the valve control means. The tablature and the corresponding connecting part formed on the cylinder block are mirror-symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal axis of the engine, to create two possible connection positions between the first module and the cylinder block. Thus, the engine can be formed by assembling two cylinder head modules and a multi-purpose cylinder block, provided to adapt to the desired configuration of the engine.
GB 1 031 571 décrit un autre exemple de culasse, constituée par deux modules superposés. Le premier module inclut la tablature, les sièges de soupape, une partie des canaux d'admission de gaz et l'intégralité des canaux d'échappement de gaz. Le second module inclut les moyens de commande des soupapes et l'autre partie des canaux d'admission de gaz. Le premier module est refroidi par une chambre d'eau, tandis que le second module est refroidi par air. Le but de la présente invention est de proposer une culasse améliorée, notamment en termes de résistance aux contraintes thermomécaniques. GB 1 031 571 describes another example of a cylinder head consisting of two superimposed modules. The first module includes tablature, valve seats, part of the gas intake channels and all gas exhaust channels. The second module includes the valve control means and the other portion of the gas intake channels. The first module is cooled by a water chamber, while the second module is cooled by air. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved cylinder head, particularly in terms of resistance to thermomechanical stresses.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une culasse pour moteur à combustion interne, incluant une tablature et des sièges de soupape destinés à être positionnés en regard d'un bloc-cylindres ; des conduits d'échange de gaz qui s'étendent depuis les sièges de soupape jusqu'à des orifices d'admission et d'échappement ; et une chambre d'eau comportant un plancher et un plafond. La culasse est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un premier module incluant au moins une paire de sièges de soupape et un pontet intersoupapes ; et un second module incluant au moins le plafond de la chambre d'eau. Ainsi, l'invention permet d'optimiser les caractéristiques thermomécaniques des parties sensibles de la culasse modulaire, à savoir la tablature, le pontet et la chambre d'eau. Les procédés de fabrication, et donc les états de surfaces de ces parties, sont mieux maîtrisés. Le risque de fissure est donc réduit. Egalement, les épaisseurs de toiles et le nombre d'opérations d'usinage peuvent être réduits. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, including a tablature and valve seats intended to be positioned facing a cylinder block; gas exchange conduits extending from the valve seats to intake and exhaust ports; and a water chamber having a floor and a ceiling. The cylinder head is characterized in that it comprises a first module including at least one pair of valve seats and a jumper intersole; and a second module including at least the ceiling of the water chamber. Thus, the invention optimizes the thermomechanical characteristics of the sensitive parts of the modular yoke, namely the tablature, the trigger guard and the water chamber. The manufacturing processes, and therefore the surface states of these parts, are better controlled. The risk of crack is reduced. Also, the web thicknesses and the number of machining operations can be reduced.
Le design de la culasse présente une plus grande flexibilité. Il est plus simple de modifier la géométrie d'un des modules, ainsi que d'ajouter ou supprimer une fonction à la culasse. Les modules sont interchangeables en fonction du type de moteur, ce qui procure une grande polyvalence à la culasse. Il est possible de prévoir plusieurs conceptions de culasses, avec des premiers modules interchangeables, et des seconds modules interchangeables.  The cylinder head design offers greater flexibility. It is easier to modify the geometry of one of the modules, as well as to add or remove a function to the cylinder head. The modules are interchangeable depending on the type of engine, which gives great versatility to the cylinder head. It is possible to provide several designs of cylinder heads, with first interchangeable modules, and second interchangeable modules.
L'invention a également pour objet un moteur à combustion interne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une culasse telle que mentionnée ci-dessus. L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une culasse telle que mentionnée ci-dessus. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : The invention also relates to an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises a cylinder head as mentioned above. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cylinder head as mentioned above. The method is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
a) une étape de fabrication séparée du premier module et du second module, notamment par forgeage et/ou par coulée en fonderie ; puis  a) a separate manufacturing step of the first module and the second module, in particular by forging and / or casting; then
b) une étape d'assemblage du premier module et du second module, par exemple par brasage, soudage, collage, serrage par boulons et joints, ou insertion à la coulée.  b) a step of assembling the first module and the second module, for example by soldering, welding, gluing, bolt and joint clamping, or insertion to casting.
Selon d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention, prises isolément ou en combinaison : According to other advantageous features of the invention, taken separately or in combination:
- Le premier module inclut la tablature, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement, et le plancher de la chambre d'eau.  - The first module includes the tablature, the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
- Le premier module inclut la tablature, tandis que le second module inclut les orifices d'admission et d'échappement, et le plancher de la chambre d'eau. - Le premier module inclut une première partie de la tablature, tandis que le second module inclut une seconde partie de la tablature, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement, et le plancher de la chambre d'eau. - The first module includes the tablature, while the second module includes the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber. - The first module includes a first part of the tablature, while the second module includes a second part of the tablature, the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
- Le second module inclut la tablature, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement, et le plancher de la chambre d'eau.  - The second module includes the tablature, the intake and exhaust ports, and the floor of the water chamber.
- La culasse comprend plusieurs premiers modules, incluant chacun au moins une paire de sièges de soupape et un pontet inter-soupapes.  - The cylinder head includes a plurality of first modules, each including at least one pair of valve seats and an inter-valve bridge.
- Le premier module et le second module sont fabriqués en deux matériaux distincts.  - The first module and the second module are made of two different materials.
- Le premier module est fabriqué en un matériau plus résistant aux contraintes thermomécaniques que le second module.  - The first module is made of a material more resistant to thermomechanical stresses than the second module.
- Le second module est fabriqué en alliage de seconde fusion.  - The second module is made of secondary alloy.
- Le premier module et le second module sont chacun fabriqués par fonderie et forgeage.  - The first module and the second module are each made by casting and forging.
- Lorsque la culasse comprend plusieurs premiers modules, les premiers modules et le second module sont assemblés par insertion à la coulée.  - When the cylinder head comprises several first modules, the first modules and the second module are assembled by insertion to the casting.
- Le plancher et le plafond de la chambre d'eau présentent une rugosité moyenne arithmétique Ra comprise entre 19 et 24 μηη et une rugosité moyenne sans pics et creux isolés Rf comprise entre 38 et 50 μηη.  - The floor and the ceiling of the water chamber have an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of between 19 and 24 μηη and an average roughness without peaks and isolated cavities Rf between 38 and 50 μηη.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels : The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
la figure 1 est une vue en perspective partielle d'un moteur à explosion conforme à l'invention, comprenant un bloc-cylindres et une culasse également conforme à l'invention ;  Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of an internal combustion engine according to the invention, comprising a cylinder block and a cylinder head also according to the invention;
la figure 2 est une vue de côté de la culasse, selon la flèche II à la figure 1 ;  Figure 2 is a side view of the cylinder head, according to the arrow II in Figure 1;
la figure 3 est une coupe selon la ligne lll-lll à la figure 2 ;  Figure 3 is a section along the line III-III in Figure 2;
la figure 4 est une coupe selon la ligne IV-IV à la figure 2 ;  Figure 4 is a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 2;
- la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 , montrant une culasse conforme à un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  - Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a cylinder head according to a second embodiment of the invention;
la figure 6 est une vue de côté selon la flèche VI à la figure 5 ;  Figure 6 is a side view along the arrow VI in Figure 5;
la figure 7 est une coupe selon la ligne VII-VII à la figure 6 ;  Figure 7 is a section along the line VII-VII in Figure 6;
la figure 8 est une coupe selon la ligne VIII-VIII à la figure 6 ;  Figure 8 is a section along the line VIII-VIII in Figure 6;
- la figure 9 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 , montrant une culasse conforme à un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; la figure 10 est une vue de côté selon la flèche X à la figure 9 ; - Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a cylinder head according to a third embodiment of the invention; Figure 10 is a side view along the arrow X in Figure 9;
la figure 1 1 est une coupe selon la ligne XI-XI à la figure 10 ;  Figure 1 1 is a section along the line XI-XI in Figure 10;
la figure 12 est une vue en élévation selon la flèche XII à la figure 10 ;  Figure 12 is an elevational view along the arrow XII in Figure 10;
la figure 13 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 , montrant une culasse conforme à un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;  Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 1, showing a yoke according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
la figure 14 est une vue de côté selon la flèche XIV à la figure 13 ;  Figure 14 is a side view along arrow XIV in Figure 13;
la figure 15 est une coupe selon la ligne XV-XV à la figure 14 ;  Figure 15 is a section along the line XV-XV in Figure 14;
la figure 16 est une vue en élévation selon la flèche XVI à la figure 14 et les figures 17, 18, 19 et 20 sont des vues en perspective analogue à la figure 1 , montrant des culasses conformes respectivement à un un cinquième, un sixième, un septième et un huitième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  FIG. 16 is an elevational view along arrow XVI in FIG. 14, and FIGS. 17, 18, 19 and 20 are perspective views similar to FIG. 1, showing yokes respectively corresponding to a fifth, sixth, a seventh and an eighth embodiment of the invention.
Sur les figures 1 à 4 est représenté partiellement et schématiquement un moteur à combustion 1 conforme à l'invention. Le moteur 1 comprend un bloc-cylindres 2 et une culasse 10, également conforme à l'invention. Le bloc-cylindres 2 est représenté par trois lignes en pointillés, uniquement à la figure 1 , dans un but de simplification. In Figures 1 to 4 is shown partially and schematically a combustion engine 1 according to the invention. The engine 1 comprises a cylinder block 2 and a cylinder head 10, also in accordance with the invention. The cylinder block 2 is represented by three dotted lines, only in Figure 1, for the sake of simplification.
La culasse 10 comprend une face inférieure 1 1 disposée en regard du bloc- cylindres 2, une face supérieure 12 disposée à l'opposé du bloc-cylindres 2, et quatre faces latérales 13, 14, 15 et 16.  The yoke 10 comprises a lower face 1 1 disposed facing the cylinder block 2, an upper face 12 disposed opposite the cylinder block 2, and four side faces 13, 14, 15 and 16.
Dans le cadre de l'invention, la culasse 10 est constituée par un premier module 20 et second module 30. Autrement dit, la culasse 10 est modulaire, ce qui permet d'optimiser les caractéristiques thermomécaniques de ses parties sensibles. Le module 20 forme la partie inférieure de la culasse 10, dite « face feu » ou « face combustion », tandis que le module 30 forme la partie supérieure de la culasse 10. In the context of the invention, the yoke 10 is constituted by a first module 20 and second module 30. In other words, the yoke 10 is modular, which optimizes the thermomechanical characteristics of its sensitive parts. The module 20 forms the lower part of the cylinder head 10, called "fire face" or "combustion face", while the module 30 forms the upper part of the cylinder head 10.
Les modules 20 et 30 peuvent être réalisés en alliages légers (aluminium, magnésium) ou en alliages ferreux (fontes, aciers). Avantageusement, les modules 20 et 30 peuvent être fabriqués en deux matériaux distincts. Par exemple, les modules 20 et 30 peuvent être fabriqués en deux alliages d'aluminium différents, ou le module 20 peut être fabriqué en alliage d'aluminium tandis que le module 30 est fabriqué en fonte. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le module 30 peut être fabriqué en alliage de seconde fusion, ce qui permet de réduire le coût de fabrication de la culasse 10.  Modules 20 and 30 can be made of light alloys (aluminum, magnesium) or ferrous alloys (cast iron, steel). Advantageously, the modules 20 and 30 can be made of two different materials. For example, the modules 20 and 30 may be made of two different aluminum alloys, or the module 20 may be made of aluminum alloy while the module 30 is made of cast iron. According to a particular embodiment, the module 30 may be made of a secondary alloy, which makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the cylinder head 10.
Les modules 20 et 30 peuvent être fabriqués séparément, notamment par forgeage et/ou par coulée en fonderie. Les modules 20 et 30 peuvent être fabriqués en mettant en œuvre le même procédé de fabrication, ou deux procédés distincts. De préférence, chaque module 20 ou 30 est fabriqué par fonderie et forgeage, conformément au procédé COBAPRESS (marque déposée), consistant à forger une préforme de fonderie. The modules 20 and 30 may be manufactured separately, in particular by forging and / or casting. The modules 20 and 30 may be manufactured using the same manufacturing method, or two distinct processes. Preferably, each module 20 or 30 is manufactured by casting and forging, in accordance with the COBAPRESS process (registered trademark), forging a foundry preform.
De préférence, chacun des modules 20 et 30 est monobloc. En variante non représentée, le module 30 peut être constitué de plusieurs éléments formant la partie supérieure de la culasse.  Preferably, each of the modules 20 and 30 is in one piece. Alternatively not shown, the module 30 may consist of several elements forming the upper part of the cylinder head.
Les modules 20 et 30 sont assemblés au niveau d'un plan de joint 18. Les modules 20 et 30 peuvent être solidarisés par brasage, soudage, collage et/ou serrage par boulons et joints. Par exemple, les modules 20 et 30 sont solidarisés par collage dans le plan de joint 18 puis par vissage, à l'aide de longues vis qui traversent la culasse 10 et sont fixées dans le bloc-cylindres 2.  The modules 20 and 30 are assembled at a joint plane 18. The modules 20 and 30 can be secured by brazing, welding, gluing and / or tightening by bolts and seals. For example, the modules 20 and 30 are secured by gluing in the joint plane 18 and then by screwing, using long screws which pass through the cylinder head 10 and are fixed in the cylinder block 2.
La culasse 10 comprend une tablature 40, des sièges de soupape 50, un pontet inter-soupapes 58, des conduits d'échange de gaz 60, des orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, et une chambre d'eau 70 comportant un plancher 72 et un plafond 74. Ces éléments sont répartis sur les modules 20 et 30, comme détaillé ci-après. Grâce à la construction modulaire de la culasse 10, la fabrication de chacun de ces éléments est mieux maîtrisée, en comparaison avec une culasse monobloc. Ainsi, les caractéristiques thermomécaniques de ces éléments, et notamment leurs états de surfaces, sont mieux maîtrisés. The cylinder head 10 comprises a tablature 40, valve seats 50, an inter-valve bridge 58, gas exchange pipes 60, intake and exhaust ports 64, and a water chamber 70 having a floor 72 and a ceiling 74. These elements are distributed on the modules 20 and 30, as detailed below. Thanks to the modular construction of the cylinder head 10, the manufacture of each of these elements is better controlled, in comparison with a monobloc cylinder head. Thus, the thermomechanical characteristics of these elements, and in particular their surface states, are better controlled.
Par ailleurs, la culasse 10 peut être pourvue d'un répartiteur d'admission, d'un collecteur d'échappement, de circuits de lubrification et de paliers d'arbre à came, non représentés dans un but de simplification. Le répartiteur et le collecteur sont connectés aux orifices 64. Les circuits de lubrifications traversent les modules 20 et 30. Les paliers d'arbre à came sont formés sur la face supérieure 12 de la culasse 10, sur le module 30.  Furthermore, the cylinder head 10 may be provided with an intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, lubrication circuits and camshaft bearings, not shown for simplification purposes. The distributor and the collector are connected to the orifices 64. The lubrication circuits pass through the modules 20 and 30. The camshaft bearings are formed on the upper face 12 of the cylinder head 10, on the module 30.
Le module 20 comprend la tablature 40, les sièges de soupape 50, le pontet intersoupapes 58, les conduits d'échange de gaz 60, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 de la chambre d'eau 70. The module 20 comprises the tablature 40, the valve seats 50, the intersoupape bridge 58, the gas exchange ducts 60, the intake and exhaust ports 64, and the floor 72 of the water chamber. 70.
Le module 20 est positionné contre le bloc-cylindres 2, au niveau de la face 1 1. Le module 20 encaisse directement les contraintes thermomécaniques générées par l'explosion se produisant dans le bloc-cylindres 2, lorsque le moteur 1 est en fonctionnement. En particulier, ces contraintes thermomécaniques sont exercées au niveau de la tablature 40, des sièges de soupape 50 et du pontet inter-soupapes 58. Le module 30 comprend le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70. Comme le module The module 20 is positioned against the cylinder block 2, at the face 1 1. The module 20 cash directly thermomechanical stresses generated by the explosion occurring in the cylinder block 2, when the engine 1 is in operation. In particular, these thermomechanical stresses are exerted on the tablature 40, the valve seats 50 and the inter-valve bridge 58. The module 30 comprises the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70. As the module
20 est interposé entre le module 30 et le bloc-cylindres 2, le module 30 n'est pas directement sollicité lors de l'explosion dans le bloc-cylindres 2. Cependant, la chambre d'eau 70 est soumise à d'importantes contraintes lorsque le moteur 1 est en fonctionnement. Ainsi, fabriquer la chambre 70 en deux parties 72 et 74 réparties sur les modules 20 et 30 permet d'optimiser ses caractéristiques, notamment son état de surface. Le risque de fissure est ainsi réduit. 20 is interposed between the module 30 and the cylinder block 2, the module 30 is not directly applied during the explosion in the cylinder block 2. However, the water chamber 70 is subjected to significant constraints when the engine 1 is in operation. Thus, making the chamber 70 in two parts 72 and 74 distributed over the modules 20 and 30 makes it possible to optimize its characteristics, in particular its surface state. The risk of cracking is thus reduced.
Sur l'exemple des figures 1 à 4, le module 30 comporte des rainures 32 qui s'étendent entre les faces 15 et 16 de la culasse 10. Ces rainures 32 peuvent recevoir de la colle industrielle afin de solidariser les modules 20 et 30. En variante, les rainures 32 peuvent présenter d'autres formes et/ou agencements. En alternative ou en complément, la culasse 10 peut être pourvue d'autres moyens facilitant l'assemblage des modules 20 et 30.  In the example of Figures 1 to 4, the module 30 has grooves 32 extending between the faces 15 and 16 of the yoke 10. These grooves 32 can receive industrial glue to secure the modules 20 and 30. Alternatively, the grooves 32 may have other shapes and / or arrangements. Alternatively or in addition, the cylinder head 10 may be provided with other means facilitating assembly of the modules 20 and 30.
La tablature 40 est la paroi interposée entre, d'une part, la chambre de combustion située dans le bloc-cylindres 2 et, d'autre part, les conduits 60 et la chambre d'eau 70 formés dans la culasse 10. L'épaisseur de la tablature 40 est par exemple comprise entre 10 et 15 millimètres. En pratique, cette épaisseur dépend des dimensions du moteur 1. The tablature 40 is the wall interposed between, on the one hand, the combustion chamber located in the cylinder block 2 and, on the other hand, the ducts 60 and the water chamber 70 formed in the cylinder head 10. thickness of the tablature 40 is for example between 10 and 15 millimeters. In practice, this thickness depends on the dimensions of the engine 1.
La tablature 40 comporte une surface plane 48 située sur la face 1 1. Cette surface 48 est disposée au contact du joint de culasse, non représenté, et du bloc-cylindres 2. Les sièges de soupape 50 sont disposés en retrait dans le module 20 par rapport à cette surface 48. En variante, les sièges de soupape 50 peuvent affleurer au niveau de cette surface 48.  The tablature 40 has a flat surface 48 located on the face 1 1. This surface 48 is disposed in contact with the cylinder head gasket, not shown, and the cylinder block 2. The valve seats 50 are arranged recessed in the module 20 relative to this surface 48. As a variant, the valve seats 50 can be flush with this surface 48.
Sur l'exemple des figures 1 à 4, la culasse 10 comprend une paire de sièges de soupape 51 et 52, une paire de conduits d'échange de gaz 61 et 62, et une paire d'orifices d'admission et d'échappement 65 et 66. Un unique pontet 58 est donc formé entre les sièges de soupape 51 et 52. En variante, selon le type de moteur 1 , la culasse 10 peut inclure plus de deux sièges de soupape 50, un pontet 58, deux conduits 60 et deux orifices 64. In the example of FIGS. 1 to 4, the cylinder head 10 comprises a pair of valve seats 51 and 52, a pair of gas exchange ducts 61 and 62, and a pair of intake and exhaust ports. 65 and 66. A single bridge 58 is thus formed between the valve seats 51 and 52. Alternatively, depending on the type of engine 1, the cylinder head 10 may include more than two valve seats 50, a bridge 58, two pipes 60 and two orifices 64.
Les conduits d'échange de gaz 60 s'étendent depuis les sièges de soupape 50 jusqu'aux orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64. Plus précisément, le conduit 61 s'étend entre le siège de soupape 51 et l'orifice d'admission 65 ouvert sur la face 15, tandis que le conduit 62 s'étend entre le siège de soupape 51 et l'orifice d'échappement 66 ouvert sur la face 16. L'orifice 65 est connecté au répartiteur d'admission, tandis que l'orifice 66 est connecté au collecteur d'échappement. La chambre d'eau 70 forme le système de refroidissement de la culasse 10. De préférence, le liquide de refroidissement circulant dans la chambre 70 est de l'eau glycolée. La chambre 70 s'étend à travers la culasse 10 au voisinage des conduits 60, entre deux orifices 75 et 76. Par exemple, l'orifice 76 peut constituer l'arrivée d'eau, tandis que l'orifice 75 constitue la sortie d'eau. The gas exchange ducts 60 extend from the valve seats 50 to the intake and exhaust ports 64. More specifically, the duct 61 extends between the valve seat 51 and the air port. intake 65 open on the face 15, while the conduit 62 extends between the valve seat 51 and the exhaust port 66 open on the face 16. The orifice 65 is connected to the intake manifold, while that the orifice 66 is connected to the exhaust manifold. The water chamber 70 forms the cooling system of the cylinder head 10. Preferably, the coolant circulating in the chamber 70 is brine. The chamber 70 extends through the yoke 10 in the vicinity of the ducts 60, between two orifices 75 and 76. For example, the orifice 76 may constitute the water inlet, while the orifice 75 constitutes the outlet of 'water.
Sur l'exemple des figures 1 à 4, le plan de joint 18 est situé au milieu de la chambre 70, de sorte que le plancher 72 appartient au module 20, tandis que le plafond 74 appartient au module 30. Fabriquer la chambre 70 en deux parties 72 et 74 réparties sur les modules 20 et 30 permet d'améliorer son état de surface, et donc de réduire le risque de fissure. Egalement, cela permet de concevoir des géométries de chambre 70 complexes, non réalisables par noyautage classique. De plus, cela permet d'écarter le risque de salissure causée par la présence de sable résiduel dans la chambre 70.  In the example of Figures 1 to 4, the joint plane 18 is located in the middle of the chamber 70, so that the floor 72 belongs to the module 20, while the ceiling 74 belongs to the module 30. Manufacture the chamber 70 in two parts 72 and 74 distributed over the modules 20 and 30 makes it possible to improve its surface state, and therefore to reduce the risk of cracking. Also, this makes it possible to design complex chamber geometries 70 that are not feasible by conventional coring. In addition, it eliminates the risk of dirt caused by the presence of residual sand in the chamber 70.
A titre d'exemple, la mise en œuvre de l'invention permet d'obtenir, pour le plancher 72 et le plafond 74 de la chambre 70, une rugosité moyenne arithmétique Ra comprise entre 19 et 24 μηη et une rugosité moyenne sans les pics et creux isolés Rf comprise entre 38 et 50 μηι. Ces rugosités sont proches de celles obtenues pour la surface 48 de la tablature 40. La rugosité Rf est définie par la norme CNOMO (Comité de Normalisation des MOyens de production). De préférence, la rugosité Ra est de l'ordre de 22 μηι, tandis que la rugosité Rf est de l'ordre de 46 μηι.  By way of example, the implementation of the invention makes it possible to obtain, for the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the chamber 70, an arithmetical mean roughness Ra of between 19 and 24 μηη and an average roughness without the peaks. and isolated recesses Rf between 38 and 50 μηι. These roughnesses are close to those obtained for the surface 48 of tablature 40. The roughness Rf is defined by the CNOMO standard (Committee for the Standardization of Production Mediums). Preferably, the roughness Ra is of the order of 22 μηι, while the roughness Rf is of the order of 46 μηι.
D'autres modes de réalisation d'une culasse 10 conforme à l'invention sont montrés aux figures 5 à 20. Certains éléments constitutifs de la culasse 10 sont comparables à ceux du premier mode de réalisation décrit plus haut et, dans un but de simplification, portent les mêmes références numériques. Other embodiments of a cylinder head 10 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 5 to 20. Certain constituent elements of the cylinder head 10 are comparable to those of the first embodiment described above and, for simplification purposes. , bear the same numerical references.
Les figures 5 à 8 montrent une culasse 10 conforme à un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Figures 5 to 8 show a cylinder head 10 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
Le module 20 comprend la tablature 40, les sièges de soupape 50, le pontet intersoupapes 58, et une partie des conduits d'échange de gaz 60. Le module 30 comprend l'autre partie des conduits d'échange de gaz 60, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 et le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70.  The module 20 comprises the tablature 40, the valve seats 50, the intersoupape bridge 58, and a part of the gas exchange conduits 60. The module 30 comprises the other part of the gas exchange conduits 60, the orifices intake and exhaust 64, as well as the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
Le plan de joint 18 n'est plus situé au milieu de la chambre d'eau 70, néanmoins il est toujours possible d'améliorer la fabrication de cette chambre 70, en comparaison avec une culasse monobloc. Les figures 9 à 12 montrent une culasse 10 conforme à un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention. The joint plane 18 is no longer located in the middle of the water chamber 70, however it is still possible to improve the manufacture of this chamber 70, in comparison with a monobloc cylinder head. Figures 9 to 12 show a cylinder head 10 according to a third embodiment of the invention.
Le module 20 comprend une première partie 42 de la tablature 40, les sièges de soupape 50, le pontet inter-soupapes 58, et une partie des conduits d'échange de gaz 60. Le module 30 comprend une deuxième partie 44 de la tablature 40, l'autre partie des conduits d'échange de gaz 60, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 et le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70.  The module 20 comprises a first portion 42 of the tablature 40, the valve seats 50, the inter-valve bridge 58, and a portion of the gas exchange conduits 60. The module 30 comprises a second portion 44 of the tablature 40 , the other part of the gas exchange ducts 60, the intake and exhaust ports 64, as well as the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
Les modules 20 et 30 sont de préférence solidarisés par insertion à la coulée. Plus précisément, le module 30 est coulé autour du module 20. Les parties 42 et 44 de la tablature 40 sont solidarisées au niveau d'une surface de jonction 19.  The modules 20 and 30 are preferably secured by insertion to the casting. More specifically, the module 30 is cast around the module 20. The parts 42 and 44 of the tablature 40 are secured at a junction surface 19.
Les figures 13 à 16 montrent une culasse 10 conforme à un quatrième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Figures 13 to 16 show a yoke 10 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
En comparaison avec le troisième mode, dans ce quatrième mode le module 20 présente de plus petites dimensions, de sorte que le module 30 comprend l'ensemble de la tablature 40.  In comparison with the third mode, in this fourth mode, the module 20 has smaller dimensions, so that the module 30 comprises the entire tablature 40.
Le module 20 comprend les sièges de soupape 50, le pontet inter-soupapes 58, et une partie des conduits d'échange de gaz 60. Le module 30 comprend la tablature 40, l'autre partie des conduits d'échange de gaz 60, les orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 et le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70.  The module 20 comprises the valve seats 50, the inter-valve bridge 58, and a part of the gas exchange conduits 60. The module 30 comprises the tablature 40, the other part of the gas exchange conduits 60, the intake and exhaust ports 64, as well as the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
Les modules 20 et 30 sont solidarisés au niveau d'une surface de jonction 19, de préférence par insertion à la coulée. Plus précisément, le module 30 est coulé autour du module 20. La figure 17 montre une culasse 10 conforme à un cinquième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  The modules 20 and 30 are secured at a junction surface 19, preferably by insertion to the casting. More specifically, the module 30 is cast around the module 20. FIG. 17 shows a cylinder head 10 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
Ce cinquième mode est similaire au premier mode, excepté que la culasse 10 est conçue pour équiper un moteur 1 à six cylindres. Le module 20 comprend la tablature 40, les six sièges de soupape 50, les trois pontets inter-soupapes 58, les six conduits d'échange de gaz 60, les six orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 de la chambre d'eau 70. Le module 30 comprend le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70. La figure 18 montre une culasse 10 conforme à un sixième mode de réalisation de l'invention. This fifth mode is similar to the first mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1. The module 20 comprises the tablature 40, the six valve seats 50, the three inter-valve bridges 58, the six gas exchange ducts 60, the six intake and exhaust ports 64, as well as the floor 72 of the water chamber 70. The module 30 comprises the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70. Figure 18 shows a cylinder head 10 according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
Ce sixième mode est similaire au deuxième mode, excepté que la culasse 10 est conçue pour équiper un moteur 1 à six cylindres. Le module 20 comprend la tablature 40, six sièges de soupape 50, trois pontets inter-soupapes 58, et une partie des six conduits d'échange de gaz 60. Le module 30 comprend l'autre partie des six conduits d'échange de gaz 60, les six orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 et le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70. La figure 19 montre une culasse 10 conforme à un septième mode de réalisation de l'invention.  This sixth mode is similar to the second mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1. The module 20 comprises the tablature 40, six valve seats 50, three inter-valve bridges 58, and part of the six gas exchange ducts 60. The module 30 comprises the other part of the six gas exchange ducts. 60, the six intake and exhaust ports 64, and the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70. Figure 19 shows a cylinder head 10 according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
Ce septième mode est similaire au troisième mode, excepté que la culasse 10 est conçue pour équiper un moteur 1 à six cylindres, et comprend trois modules 20 assemblés avec un unique module 30. Chaque module 20 comprend une partie de la tablature 40, deux sièges de soupape 50, un pontet inter-soupapes 58, et une partie des six conduits d'échange de gaz 60. Le module 30 comprend le reste de la tablature 40, l'autre partie des conduits 60, les six orifices d'admission et d'échappement 64, ainsi que le plancher 72 et le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70.  This seventh mode is similar to the third mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1, and comprises three modules 20 assembled with a single module 30. Each module 20 comprises a part of the tablature 40, two seats valve 50, an inter-valve bridge 58, and a portion of the six gas exchange conduits 60. The module 30 comprises the remainder of the tablature 40, the other portion of the conduits 60, the six inlet ports and exhaust 64, and the floor 72 and the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
Les modules 20 et 30 sont de préférence solidarisés par insertion à la coulée. Plus précisément, le module 30 est coulé autour des modules 20.  The modules 20 and 30 are preferably secured by insertion to the casting. More specifically, the module 30 is cast around the modules 20.
En variante, les modules 20 peuvent présenter de plus petites dimensions, de sorte que le module 30 comprend l'ensemble de la tablature 40.  As a variant, the modules 20 may have smaller dimensions, so that the module 30 comprises the entire tablature 40.
La figure 20 montre une culasse 10 conforme à un huitième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Figure 20 shows a cylinder head 10 according to an eighth embodiment of the invention.
Ce huitième mode est similaire au quatrième mode, excepté que la culasse 10 est conçue pour équiper un moteur 1 à six cylindres, et comprend trois modules 20 assemblés avec un unique module 30.  This eighth mode is similar to the fourth mode, except that the cylinder head 10 is designed to equip a six-cylinder engine 1, and comprises three modules 20 assembled with a single module 30.
En comparaison avec le septième mode, dans ce huitième mode les modules 20 présentent de plus petites dimensions, de sorte que le module 30 comprend l'ensemble de la tablature 40.  In comparison with the seventh mode, in this eighth mode the modules 20 have smaller dimensions, so that the module 30 comprises the entire tablature 40.
Par ailleurs, la culasse 10 peut être conformée différemment des figures 1 à 20 sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, la culasse 10 comprend au moins un premier module 20 qui inclut au moins une paire de sièges de soupape 51 et 52 et un pontet intersoupapes 58 ; et un second module 30 qui inclut au moins le plafond 74 de la chambre d'eau 70. Furthermore, the yoke 10 may be shaped differently from Figures 1 to 20 without departing from the scope of the invention. Whatever the embodiment, the yoke 10 comprises at least a first module 20 which includes at least one pair of valve seats 51 and 52 and an intersoupape bridge 58; and a second module 30 which includes at least the ceiling 74 of the water chamber 70.
En outre, les caractéristiques techniques des différents modes de réalisation et variantes mentionnés ci-dessus peuvent être, en totalité ou pour certaines d'entre elles, combinées entre elles. Ainsi, la culasse 10 peut être adaptée en termes de coût, de modularité, de fonctionnalités et de performance. In addition, the technical characteristics of the various embodiments and variants mentioned above may be, in whole or in part, combined with one another. Thus, the cylinder head 10 can be adapted in terms of cost, modularity, functionality and performance.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Culasse (10) pour moteur à combustion interne (1 ), incluant : Cylinder head (10) for an internal combustion engine (1), including:
une tablature (40) et des sièges de soupape (50) destinés à être positionnés en regard d'un bloc-cylindres (2) ;  a tablature (40) and valve seats (50) for positioning opposite a cylinder block (2);
des conduits d'échange de gaz (60) qui s'étendent depuis les sièges de soupape (50) jusqu'à des orifices d'admission et d'échappement (64) ; et une chambre d'eau (70) comportant un plancher (72) et un plafond (74) ; caractérisée en ce que la culasse (10) comprend :  gas exchange conduits (60) extending from the valve seats (50) to intake and exhaust ports (64); and a water chamber (70) having a floor (72) and a ceiling (74); characterized in that the yoke (10) comprises:
un premier module (20) incluant au moins une paire (51 , 52) de sièges de soupape (50) et un pontet inter-soupapes (58) ; et  a first module (20) including at least one pair (51, 52) of valve seats (50) and an inter-valve bridge (58); and
un second module (30) incluant au moins le plafond (74) de la chambre d'eau (70).  a second module (30) including at least the ceiling (74) of the water chamber (70).
Culasse (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le premier module (20) inclut la tablature (40), les orifices d'admission et d'échappement (64), et le plancher (72) de la chambre d'eau (70). Cylinder head (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first module (20) includes the tab (40), the intake and exhaust ports (64), and the floor (72) of the chamber water (70).
Culasse (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le premier module (20) inclut la tablature (40), tandis que le second module (30) inclut les orifices d'admission et d'échappement (64), et le plancher (72) de la chambre d'eau (70). Cylinder head (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first module (20) includes the tablature (40), while the second module (30) includes the intake and exhaust ports (64), and the floor (72) of the water chamber (70).
Culasse (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le premier module (20) inclut une première partie (42) de la tablature (40), tandis que le second module (30) inclut une seconde partie (44) de la tablature (40), les orifices d'admission et d'échappement (64), et le plancher (72) de la chambre d'eau (70). Cylinder head (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first module (20) includes a first portion (42) of the tablature (40), while the second module (30) includes a second portion (44) of the tablature (40), the intake and exhaust ports (64), and the floor (72) of the water chamber (70).
Culasse (10) selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le second module (30) inclut la tablature (40), les orifices d'admission et d'échappement (64), et le plancher (72) de la chambre d'eau (70). Cylinder head (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second module (30) includes the tab (40), the intake and exhaust ports (64), and the floor (72) of the chamber water (70).
Culasse (10) selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend plusieurs premiers modules (20), incluant chacun au moins une paire (51 , 52) de sièges de soupape (50) et un pontet inter-soupapes (58). Cylinder head (10) according to one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of first modules (20), each including at least one pair (51, 52) of valve seats (50) and an inter pontet -soupapes (58).
7. Culasse (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le premier module (20) et le second module (30) sont fabriqués en deux matériaux distincts. 7. Cylinder head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first module (20) and the second module (30) are made of two different materials.
8. Culasse (10) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le plancher (72) et le plafond (74) de la chambre d'eau (70) présentent une rugosité moyenne arithmétique Ra comprise entre 19 et 24 μηη et une rugosité moyenne sans pics et creux isolés Rf comprise entre 38 et 50 μηη. 8. Cylinder head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor (72) and the ceiling (74) of the water chamber (70) have an arithmetic average roughness Ra between 19 and 24 μηη and an average roughness without isolated peaks and troughs Rf between 38 and 50 μηη.
9. Moteur à combustion interne (1 ), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une culasse (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8. 9. Internal combustion engine (1), characterized in that it comprises a yoke (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Procédé de fabrication d'une culasse (10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes : 10. A method of manufacturing a cylinder head (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
a) une étape de fabrication séparée du premier module (20) et du second module (30), notamment par forgeage et/ou par coulée en fonderie ; puis b) une étape d'assemblage du premier module (20) et du second module (30), par exemple par brasage, soudage, collage, serrage par boulons et joints, ou insertion à la coulée.  a) a separate manufacturing step of the first module (20) and the second module (30), in particular by forging and / or casting; then b) a step of assembling the first module (20) and the second module (30), for example by soldering, welding, gluing, bolt and joint clamping, or casting insertion.
PCT/FR2016/051979 2015-08-03 2016-07-29 Cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, engine comprising such a cylinder head, and method for producing such a cylinder head WO2017021635A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1557494 2015-08-03
FR1557494A FR3039858A1 (en) 2015-08-03 2015-08-03 CYLINDER HEAD FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, ENGINE COMPRISING SAID CYLINDER HEAD AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH CULASSE

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR546034A (en) * 1921-01-22 1922-10-26 Cylinder covers for internal combustion engines
US3115127A (en) * 1961-10-02 1963-12-24 Charles O Spencer Removable insert for internal combustion chambers
GB1031571A (en) * 1964-01-14 1966-06-02 Henry Weslake Improvements in or relating to cylinder heads for internal combustion engines
GB1365347A (en) * 1970-11-06 1974-09-04 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Cylinder head for a liquid cooled internal combustion engine
US5215050A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-06-01 Mercedes-Benz Ag Method of producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine
DE10133757A1 (en) * 2001-07-11 2003-02-13 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Use as the base area of a cylinder head
FR2871525A1 (en) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-16 Renault Sas Plate for combustion engine e.g. heat engine, has valve seat comprising plane surfaces supported on complementary support surfaces of crankcase or crankcase joint and cylinder head or cylinder head joint, respectively

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR546034A (en) * 1921-01-22 1922-10-26 Cylinder covers for internal combustion engines
US3115127A (en) * 1961-10-02 1963-12-24 Charles O Spencer Removable insert for internal combustion chambers
GB1031571A (en) * 1964-01-14 1966-06-02 Henry Weslake Improvements in or relating to cylinder heads for internal combustion engines
GB1365347A (en) * 1970-11-06 1974-09-04 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Cylinder head for a liquid cooled internal combustion engine
US5215050A (en) * 1991-07-26 1993-06-01 Mercedes-Benz Ag Method of producing a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine
DE10133757A1 (en) * 2001-07-11 2003-02-13 Mahle Ventiltrieb Gmbh Use as the base area of a cylinder head
FR2871525A1 (en) * 2004-06-14 2005-12-16 Renault Sas Plate for combustion engine e.g. heat engine, has valve seat comprising plane surfaces supported on complementary support surfaces of crankcase or crankcase joint and cylinder head or cylinder head joint, respectively

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