WO2017016843A1 - Chambre de commutation électrique à résistance diélectrique majorée et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci - Google Patents

Chambre de commutation électrique à résistance diélectrique majorée et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017016843A1
WO2017016843A1 PCT/EP2016/066164 EP2016066164W WO2017016843A1 WO 2017016843 A1 WO2017016843 A1 WO 2017016843A1 EP 2016066164 W EP2016066164 W EP 2016066164W WO 2017016843 A1 WO2017016843 A1 WO 2017016843A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating material
switching chamber
housing
electrical
electrical switching
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/066164
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulf SCHÜMANN
Stephan WETHEKAM
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2017016843A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017016843A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switching chamber and a method for the production thereof, with a housing and at least one first and at least one second electrical contact piece for switching electrical voltage. At least one of the at least one first and at least one second contact pieces is movably mounted and the housing surrounds the contact pieces in a gastight manner.
  • the housing comprises at least a region of insulating material.
  • Vacuum interrupters are used, among other things, for switching medium and high voltages in the kV range, with nominal voltages of up to 52 kV and above. At rated currents of up to 7000 A, short-circuit breaking currents of more than 63 kA can occur. During switching, an arc can briefly occur between two switching contact pieces, and high-energy electrons, which strike the contact piece or electrode surface, can generate X-ray radiation.
  • An electrical contact in an electrical circuit which comprises at least two electrical contacts, is closed or disconnected for switching.
  • the second contact piece is arranged in a fixed, or two electrical ⁇ specific contact pieces are moved simultaneously. It can also be provided more contacts, for. B. in addition to rated contact pieces and arcing contact pieces.
  • the contact pieces are arranged in a housing which encloses a region of insulation material, in particular with a ceramic material. cylinder includes.
  • the housing is vacuum-tight, in particular for vacuum interrupters ⁇ and evacuated.
  • the area of the housing made of insulating material enables a viable, vacuum-tight, dielectric isolation of a vacuum circuit.
  • the insulating material in particular the ceramic cylinder, generally comprises or consists of a ceramic based on aluminum oxide or silicon dioxide. It forms together with the metallic connections, in particular the electrical contact pieces, and a movable one
  • Bellows bushing a vacuum-tight shell of the interrupter The dimensions of the housing part made of insulating material, and in particular the ceramic ⁇ sondere length provides sufficient outer ⁇ Iso-regulation depending on the application in air, gas or Feststoffummante- lung safely.
  • the internal dielectric strength of the switching chamber from ⁇ keramiküberbrücktem transition in vacuum, as it results absolutely constructively in a vacuum interrupter is significantly re- prised by various strikethrough and rollover ⁇ mechanisms over a pure vacuum section.
  • a breakdown mechanism is due to the triggering of secondary electrons along the region of the housing made of insulating material, in particular from the ceramic surface ⁇ inside the interrupter or switching chamber.
  • Secondary electrons are electrons which are knocked out on a material surface by the impact of high-energy radiation, in particular of high-energy electrons and / or ions from the material.
  • the number of electrons knocked out per ion or electron is given by the secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ , which depends on the surface shape and the surface material. With a secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ greater than 1, electron avalanches are triggered, which can lead to electrical breakdowns on the inside of an electrical switching chamber in the region of the insulator, in particular of the ceramic.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide an electrical switching chamber with increased dielectric strength and their manufacturing process.
  • an electrical switching chamber according to the invention comprises a
  • Housing comprises at least one region of Isolationsmate ⁇ rial.
  • a surface of the insulating material is coated at least in a portion with a material having a higher dielectric strength voltage, com- pared with the dielectric strength of the uncoated Iso ⁇ lationsmaterials.
  • As ions, electrons or other high-energy radiation prevents the generation of secondary electrons or at least reduced. This prevents that electron avalanches are triggered on the upper ⁇ surface of the insulating material, which can lead to electrical flashovers in particular between see the at least two electrical contact pieces.
  • the dielectric withstand voltage of at least one region of insulating material of the housing of elekt ⁇ step switching chamber is increased compared to housings with uncoated insulating material.
  • the dielectric withstand voltage material may have a secondary electron emission coefficient less than or equal to one. This means that upon impingement of an electron or other particle of a particle GR niger as an electron from the insulation material Pickge ⁇ beat or is generated. It thus arises from a hitting the surface of the insulating material particles less than a secondary electron.
  • the material with increased dielectric withstand voltage may also have a secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ of less than or equal to 8, in particular less than or equal to 4, in particular less than or equal to 2, in particular less than or equal to 1, in particular for a primary electron and / or or ion energy in the range of 100 to 1000 eV and in particular with values based on a vertical ⁇ right electron or ion incidence, depending on the surface roughness.
  • the layer thickness of the material with increased dielectric withstand voltage can be in the range of less than 100 ⁇ m, in particular less than 10 ⁇ m, in particular less than 100 nm, in particular in the range of 5 to 20 nm be.
  • the material having an increased dielectric withstand voltage can onskostoryen special glass with a low Sekundärelektronenemissi-, titanium, titanium nitride, chromium oxides, insbeson ⁇ particular Ti, TiN, CrO be or include.
  • a primary energy of the primary electrons and / or ions of 100 to 1000 eV these materials have a secondary electron emission coefficient of less than 1, given a corresponding surface finish, and reduce the generation of secondary electrons compared to uncoated insulation material.
  • the insulating material of the housing may consist of a ceramic or comprise a ceramic, in particular of aluminum oxide and / or silicon dioxide. These materials have good insulation properties and a highpsfestig ⁇ ness. As a result, they are well suited for use in the medium and high voltage range for electrical insulation.
  • the electrical switching chamber may be a vacuum tube and / or the at least one region of insulating material may comprise a ceramic cylinder.
  • Vacuum tubes are used in the construction of electrical switching devices in the medium or high voltage range.
  • the vacuum tubes may comprise ceramic cylinders, which serve as electrical insulation between contact pieces and ensure a stable mechanical structure.
  • the coated with a material of increased dielectriclysfes ⁇ ACTION surface of the insulating material inside the housing can be arranged in particular on the side facing the electrical contact pieces ⁇ 's side. This allows a high dielectric withstand voltage Zvi ⁇ rule the contact pieces in the interior, in particular in a vacuum tube.
  • the surface of the insulating material may be structured at least in egg ⁇ nem section, in particular in the elevated ⁇ lectrical dielectric strength coated with the material portion. The structuring of the surface can
  • the surface of the insulating material in particular a Ke ⁇ Ramik of alumina and / or silica, can with special glass coefficients low Sekundärelektronenemissionskoef-, titanium, titanium nitrides, chromium oxides, especially Ti, TiN, CrO be coated, in particular by electroplating, dipping, vapor deposition , Sputtering, cold gas spraying, chemical or physical vapor deposition, spraying, powder coating, glazing, plasma and / or laser coating.
  • the surface can be structured with walls, and / or recesses, in particular trenches, grooves, holes, in particular in a semi-circular shape, V-shaped, and / or wavy.
  • the dielectric strength, in particular on the surface of the inner region of the housing part made of isolate can be increased by coating the surface with a material which has a secondary electron emission coefficient of less than or equal to 8, in particular less than or equal to 4, in particular less than or equal to 2, in particular less than or equal to 1, in particular at a primary electron and / or ion energy in the range from 100 to 1000 eV, and / or by surface structuring.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrical switching chamber partially in sectional representation, comprising a housing and two electrical contact elements for switching electrical power, as well as portions of the housing from Isolationsma ⁇ TERIAL, and
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a cross section through an uncoated housing portion of insulating material according to the prior art
  • FIG 3 is an enlarged view of a cross section through a housing portion of insulating material with Be
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a cross section through a housing portion analogous to FIG. 3 of insulating material with coating 22 and structuring 23.
  • Fig. 1 is an electrical switching chamber in the manner of a
  • Vacuum switching tube 1 shown, with a housing 2 and two electrical contact pieces 20, 21 for switching electrical voltage and / or current.
  • the housing 2 comprises two regions of insulating material, the first insulating housing region 3 and the second insulating housing region 5, each in the form of a ceramic cylinder 4, 6, and a me ⁇ tallisches housing part 7, which is arranged between the two ceramic ⁇ cylinders 4, 6 ,
  • the housing 2 further comprises a first metallic cover 8, through which a fixed contact plug ⁇ bolt 9 vacuum-tight into the interior of the vacuum interrupter 1 to a fixed contact 10 extends toward, which forms a first Kon ⁇ contact piece 20.
  • the housing 2 has a second metallic cover 11, through which a moving contact connecting bolt 14 extends to a moving contact 15 of the vacuum switch ⁇ tube 1, which forms a second contact piece 21.
  • the BewegCountan gleichbolzen 14 is guided by a bearing 12 and arranged vacuum-tight movable by means of a bellows 13, wherein it extends into the interior of the vacuum ⁇ interrupter 1.
  • the two contact pieces 20, 21 are in electrical and mechanical contact with each other, and form a closed electrical contact.
  • the ceramic cylinders 4 and 6, the metallic housing part 7 and the first and second metallic covers 8 and 11 are soldered together vacuum-tight at their boundary regions, wherein field control elements 16, 17, 18, 19 are provided for field control in the interior of the vacuum interrupter 1.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 ⁇ is evacuated inside, wherein in the opened State, inter alia, via the vacuum insulation of the contact pieces 20, 21 from each other.
  • Fig. 2 in an enlarged view of an uncoated body portion of insulating material 4, 6 is shown wel ⁇ cher in the embodiment shown in the form of a ceramic cylinder 4, 6 is formed according to the prior art, and as cut of by a wall on one side
  • Ceramic cylinder 4, 6 is shown. In the opened state of the contact via the insulating material 4, 6, an electrical insulation of the contact pieces 20, 21 via the Ge ⁇ housing 2 from each other.
  • the incident electrons are called primary electrons
  • electrons emitted from the surface are called secondary electrons.
  • the number of emitted secondary electrons depends on the secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ , which depends on the material and is dependent on the primary electron / ion energy when it hits the surface and on the angle of incidence. Without indication, in the following, value data is assumed to be a vertical incidence of the primary electrons / ions.
  • a secondary electron emission coefficient greater than 1 signified ß ⁇ tet, it is a primary electron, which face onto the top of the insulation material 4, 6 is incident, more than one secondary electron is produced.
  • electron avalanches 25 can be triggered, which can result in electrical flashovers across the housing 2 between the contact pieces 20, 21.
  • the electrical insulation effect of the housing regions of insulating material 4, 6 in conjunction with the vacuum in the interior of the vacuum interrupter 1 between the contact pieces 20, 21 is destroyed or at least reduced.
  • a Ausschal ⁇ th without residual currents is prevented, the residual currents depending on the magnitude can prevent proper operation of the vacuum interrupter 1, and can lead to damage connected electrical facilities.
  • a coating 22 may also include inner and outer, or completely around the housing portions from Isola ⁇ tion material 4, 6, in particular the ceramic cylinder 4 and 6 take place. Alternatively, only a selected area of the insulating material may be coated. For the sake of simplicity, this is not shown in the figures.
  • the coating 22 takes place with a material with respect to the uncoated insulating material reduced secondary electron emission coefficient ß less than or equal 8, insbeson ⁇ particular less than or equal 4, in particular less than or equal to 2, in particular less than or equal 1, wherein the indication in particular for a Primärelektronen- and / or ion energy applies in the range of 100 to 1000 eV and a normal incidence the electric ⁇ NEN / ions.
  • a secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ equal to 1 means that a secondary electron is generated on average by a primary electron which impinges on the surface of the insulating material 4, 6. Absorption, deceleration, scattering and different emission angles prevent formation of electron avalanches 25 at a secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ equal to 1.
  • Electric flashovers between the contact pieces 20, 21 can be completely or at least partially prevented by reducing the secondary electron emission coefficient ⁇ .
  • the electrical insulation of the housing areas of insulating material 4, 6 in communication with vacuum in the perception ⁇ ren the vacuum interrupter 1 between sufficiently spaced-Deten contact pieces 20, 21 is improved. Switching off can essentially take place without residual currents and damage up to the destruction of the vacuum interrupter 1 and / or connected electrical switching devices can be prevented.
  • the electrical switching chamber 1 with coating 22 of the surface of the insulating material 4, 6 at least in the interior, partially or completely, with a material with respect to the uncoated material reduced secondary electron emission coefficient ß, has a He ⁇ heightened dielectric withstand voltage.
  • the effect of reducing or preventing electron avalanches 25 or flashovers over the surface of the housing regions of insulating material 4, 6 can be enhanced by a structure or structuring 23 of or on the surface.
  • This is shown in Fig. 4 by way of example with reference to an exporting ⁇ approximately example of a wall on one side of a ceramic ⁇ cylinder 4 shown in sectional view. 6 So z. B. trenches, in particular as shown in Fig. 4 V-shaped
  • Trench structures lead to increased electron absorption, while simultaneously reducing electron emission.
  • the structure 23 may be simple or multiple, in particular in the form of z. B. mutually parallel rectilinear trenches. But it can also be used other structuring of the surface, for. B. checkered, ge ⁇ striped, checkered, hole-like or wave-like structures on the surface.
  • the surface can also be roughened regularly or irregularly.
  • the structure or structuring 23 can by embossing or removal, z. B. by etching, milling, laser evaporation, or drilling. In this case diluted, or the wall thickness of the insulation material thickened on the surface irregular or Oberflä ⁇ z. B. periodically.
  • the insulating material may alternatively or additionally be formed with the structure 23. In this case, the wall thickness may be constant, wherein the shape of the structure 23 is formed inside on the outer side of the insulating material complementary. This is illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 4 in the form of an internally embossed V on the inside and an outwardly projecting V on the outside of the insulating material, in particular a ceramic cylinder 4, 6 as a housing portion with the same wall thickness over the entire cylinder wall.
  • the structuring 23 can also be generated simultaneously with the coating 22, for. B. by spatially selective deposition or by lithographic methods.
  • Housing areas made of insulating material 4, 6 come special glass with low secondary electron emission coefficient, titanium, titanium nitrides, chromium oxides, in particular Ti, TiN, CrO in question. These have a secondary electron emission coefficient of less than or equal to 1 with a corresponding surface finish.
  • the layer thickness of the coating 22 of the insulating material, in particular the ceramic may be in the range of less than 100 ym, in particular less than 10 ym, in particular less than 100 nm, in particular in the range of 5 to 20 nm.
  • the surface of the insulating material in particular the Ke ⁇ Ramik of alumina and / or silica may be coated using different coating methods with a layer of, for example, titanium, titanium nitrides, chromium oxides, in particular TiN, Ti, CrO and / or glass. Possible methods include electroplating, dipping, vapor deposition, sputtering, cold gas spraying, chemical or physical vapor deposition, spraying, powder coating, glazing, plasma and / or laser coating. Structuring 23 can during the application of the layer, by the pad and / or by z. B. Photolithography be produced.
  • titanium and chromium compounds and mixtures thereof with a higher oxidation number, in particular dichromium trioxide, chromium dioxide, chromium trioxide and / or Compounds such as ionic nitrides, e.g.
  • Zinc nitride Zinc nitride, yttrium nitride, lanthanum nitride, zirconium (IV) nitride, tantalum (V) nitride, and / or magnesium nitride, calcium nitride, lithium nitride, sodium nitrite, beryllium nitride, chromium nitride and iron nitrides.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une chambre de commutation électrique (1) et la fabrication de celle-ci. La chambre de commutation comprend un boîtier (2) et au moins une première et au moins une deuxième pièce de contact électrique (20, 21) destinées à commuter une tension électrique. Au moins une parmi la ou les premières et au moins une deuxième pièce de contact (20, 21) est montée de manière mobile et le boîtier (2) renferme les pièces de contact (21, 22) de manière étanche aux gaz. Le boîtier (2) comprend au moins une zone en matériau isolant (4, 6). Une surface du matériau isolant est revêtue, au moins dans une partie, d'un matériau qui possède une résistance diélectrique majorée par rapport à la résistance diélectrique du matériau isolant.
PCT/EP2016/066164 2015-07-30 2016-07-07 Chambre de commutation électrique à résistance diélectrique majorée et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci WO2017016843A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015214509.3 2015-07-30
DE102015214509.3A DE102015214509A1 (de) 2015-07-30 2015-07-30 Elektrische Schaltkammer mit erhöhter dielektrischer Spannungsfestigkeit und deren Herstellungsverfahren

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WO2017016843A1 true WO2017016843A1 (fr) 2017-02-02

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WO (1) WO2017016843A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017206754A1 (de) 2017-04-21 2018-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltgeräteantriebsanordnung

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4125097A1 (de) * 1990-08-03 1992-02-06 Hitachi Ltd Kontaktanordnung fuer einen vakuum-leistungsschalter
JP2009277615A (ja) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-26 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブおよびその製造方法
JP2010073460A (ja) * 2008-09-18 2010-04-02 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブ
JP2014017220A (ja) * 2012-07-11 2014-01-30 Toshiba Corp 樹脂モールド真空バルブ
DE102012215245A1 (de) 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5855609B2 (ja) * 1979-07-23 1983-12-10 株式会社明電舎 真空しや断器

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4125097A1 (de) * 1990-08-03 1992-02-06 Hitachi Ltd Kontaktanordnung fuer einen vakuum-leistungsschalter
JP2009277615A (ja) * 2008-05-19 2009-11-26 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブおよびその製造方法
JP2010073460A (ja) * 2008-09-18 2010-04-02 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブ
JP2014017220A (ja) * 2012-07-11 2014-01-30 Toshiba Corp 樹脂モールド真空バルブ
DE102012215245A1 (de) 2012-08-28 2014-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre

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