WO2017011939A1 - 模块化连续微波冻干腔及含有所述冻干腔的微波冻干设备 - Google Patents

模块化连续微波冻干腔及含有所述冻干腔的微波冻干设备 Download PDF

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WO2017011939A1
WO2017011939A1 PCT/CN2015/084330 CN2015084330W WO2017011939A1 WO 2017011939 A1 WO2017011939 A1 WO 2017011939A1 CN 2015084330 W CN2015084330 W CN 2015084330W WO 2017011939 A1 WO2017011939 A1 WO 2017011939A1
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Prior art keywords
freeze
drying
chamber
drying chamber
microwave
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PCT/CN2015/084330
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周川
刘毅
游俊
康琪
周昆
姚波
周聪
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周川
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/084330 priority Critical patent/WO2017011939A1/zh
Publication of WO2017011939A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017011939A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B7/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes using a combination of processes not covered by a single one of groups F26B3/00 and F26B5/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/14—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by trays or racks or receptacles, which may be connected to endless chains or belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/08—Parts thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave freeze-drying device, in particular to a modular continuous microwave freeze-drying chamber applied to a continuous microwave freeze-drying device, and a continuous microwave freeze-drying device containing the freeze-drying chamber.
  • Microwave freeze-drying is a combination of microwave radiation heating technology and vacuum freeze-drying technology to improve the sublimation latent heat in the conventional freeze-drying process.
  • the microwave is used to heat the drying medium as a whole, and the polar molecules in the material are vibrated under the action of the microwave field. Rubbing with each other to convert electric energy into sublimation latent heat required for sublimation of the material to achieve material drying.
  • microwave freeze-drying has the significant advantages of fast drying speed, high thermal efficiency and low operating cost.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. CN102200378A discloses a microwave vacuum freeze-drying apparatus in which a vacuum chamber for placing a working material is disposed in a microwave cavity, and the vacuum chamber includes a non-metallic cover and a metal can body which are generally cylindrical. The metal cover and the metal case are separated by a microwave shielding plate.
  • the device effectively realizes microwave freeze-drying, however, its structure determines that the freeze-drying operation can only be carried out successively, that is, the material is put into the vacuum chamber - vacuum decompression and vacuum freeze-drying to return to normal pressure to obtain the product, and the operation efficiency is low.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN102226635A discloses a microwave continuous freeze-drying device, which adopts a freeze-drying bin with a length, a material conveying belt is provided in the freeze-drying bin, and is respectively set up in the upstream and downstream of the freeze-drying bin.
  • the continuous feeding system and the continuous discharging system realize the continuous operation of microwave lyophilization.
  • CN102226635A does not limit the length of its freeze-drying bin, however, it is limited to industrial manufacturing and assembly levels, and its freeze-drying bin is usually 800-1200 mm in length. This is due to the fact that in order to meet the vacuum (or low pressure) operation requirements of the freeze-drying bin, the freeze-drying bin is integral to avoid sealing defects caused by the splicing of the bin. This holistic requirement determines the length limit of the freeze-drying bin and also limits the development of continuous microwave freeze-drying operations.
  • the working cavity is composed of a combination of a wave-transmissive material cavity and a non-transmissive material shielding plate, such as glass, ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF).
  • PVDF polytetrafluoroethylene
  • non-transparent materials such as metal have a non-negligible difference in linear expansion coefficient. This difference causes the temperature of the two materials to change during the microwave freeze-drying process. The joint between the two materials will produce a splicing gap, which will damage the vacuum environment. Freeze-drying failed.
  • Another aspect is the mechanical connection of adjacent cavities.
  • a metal connector of sufficient strength such as a bolt
  • the metal bolt It will cause the microwave field distribution in the microwave continuous freeze-drying device to be uneven and affect the freeze-drying effect.
  • the replacement of non-metallic bolts can not provide sufficient shear stress to resist the deformation of the two materials.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, overcome the difference of linear expansion coefficients of different materials, and provide a modular continuous microwave freeze-drying cavity with good sealing performance and splicing.
  • the present invention provides a modular continuous microwave freeze-drying chamber comprising a chamber body 1 made of a wave-transmissive material and a shield plate 2 made of a non-transmissive material, a chamber
  • the length of the main body 1 is matched with the length of the shielding plate 2, wherein the shielding plate 2 includes a base portion 21 and a boss portion 22 located at a central portion of the base portion 21, and four sides of the boss portion 22 are provided with a main body sealing ring groove 23;
  • the chamber body 1 includes a front wall, a top wall, a rear wall and a bottom surface which are sequentially adjacent to each other.
  • the middle portion of the chamber body 1 is a hollow structure 16 , and a central portion of the bottom surface is provided with a mounting passage 14 matching the boss portion 22 of the shielding plate;
  • the outer surface of the chamber body 1 is provided with a groove 13 at a position close to both ends in the longitudinal direction thereof, and the outer side wall of the groove 13 is provided with a positioning pin fitting hole 15; the left end surface or the right end surface of the chamber body 1 is surrounded
  • the hollow structure 16 is provided with an abutment seal groove 11.
  • the freeze-drying chamber further includes a seal ring 3 disposed in the adjacent seal ring groove 11 and the body seal ring groove 23, respectively.
  • the freeze-drying chamber further includes a positioning pin 5 made of a wave-transmissive material provided in the positioning pin fitting hole 15.
  • the left and right sides of the shield base 21 have an outer edge 24 with bolt mounting holes 25.
  • the lyophilization chamber further includes a bolt 6 provided in the bolt fitting hole 25.
  • the sealing ring 3 is an inflatable sealing ring.
  • the inflatable sealing ring is a silicone sealing ring filled with an inert gas inside.
  • the inflation seal has an inflation gas pressure of 0.1 to 1.2 MPa.
  • the chamber body 1 has a length of 800 to 3000 mm.
  • the invention also provides a microwave lyophilization apparatus comprising one or more sets of lyophilization chambers as described above.
  • the modular continuous microwave freeze-drying chamber of the present invention is a cavity in which a hollow structure 16 is disposed along a length thereof, and includes a chamber body 1 made of a wave-transmissive material and a shield plate 2 made of a non-transmissive material, which have The length of the match.
  • the shield 2 is located on the bottom surface.
  • the two ends of the lyophilization chamber along its length are defined as left and right, or upstream and downstream, and the direction in which the shield 2 is located is defined as bottom or bottom, and shielding.
  • the opposite direction of the board 2 is defined as top or top, and the remaining two sides are defined as front and back.
  • the front and rear sides of the freeze-drying chamber may be symmetrical, and the left and right sides are also substantially symmetrical, and need not be strictly distinguished.
  • the shielding plate 2 includes a base portion 21 and a boss portion 22 located at a central portion of the base portion 21.
  • the four sides of the boss portion 22 are provided with an O-shaped concave body sealing ring groove 23, and a built-in sealing ring 4 .
  • the chamber body 1 is depicted as a front wall, a top wall, a rear wall and a bottom surface that enclose a hollow structure 16.
  • the middle portion of the bottom surface is provided with a mounting passage 14 whose size matches the boss portion 22 of the shielding plate to ensure that the boss portion 22 can be fitted in the mounting passage 14.
  • the main body seal ring 3 in the main body seal groove 23 is pressed and deformed to ensure airtightness between the boss portion 22 and the mounting passage 14.
  • the shield plate 2 and the chamber body 1 are freely assembled, and no bolt connection is used, which avoids the influence of the metal material on the uniformity of microwave loading during the freeze-drying process, and improves the stability of the microwave continuous freeze-drying system.
  • the outside of the chamber body 1 is provided with annular grooves 13 at positions near the left and right ends, respectively, and the outer side walls of the grooves 13 (ie, the left and right sides of the chamber body 1)
  • the outer edge of the end face is provided with a positioning pin fitting hole 15.
  • the inside of the positioning pin assembly hole 15 is a smooth surface.
  • One of the left end surface or the right end surface of the chamber body 1 is provided with a concave adjacent sealing ring groove 11 which is provided with an abutting sealing ring 4, and is disposed adjacent to the hollow structure 16 adjacent to the sealing ring groove 11.
  • the right end surface of the upstream chamber main body is in contact with the left end surface of the downstream chamber main body, and the adjacent sealing ring 4 is pressed and deformed by the end surface to ensure the hollow structure 16 and the cavity.
  • the left and right sides of the shield base portion 21 have outer edges 24 on which bolt mounting holes 25 are formed.
  • the upstream and downstream freeze-drying chambers are mechanically connected by bolts.
  • the modular continuous microwave freeze-drying chamber of the present invention comprises: first, two adjacent freeze-drying chambers are integrally connected by a connecting bolt 2 through the shielding plate 2 (through the outer edge 24 and the bolt assembling hole 25).
  • the bolts 6 are made of metal to ensure sufficient strength and shear stress to join multiple sets of modular freeze-drying chambers.
  • the bolt 6 is outside the microwave freeze-drying bin and does not affect the microwave field distribution.
  • the connection between the adjacent chamber main bodies 1 is positioned inside the microwave field, and the positioning pin 5 made of a wave-transparent material is used for positioning, and the adjacent sealing ring 4 is combined for vacuum sealing.
  • non-metal wave permeable materials such as quartz glass, ceramics, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF), etc. can be used to construct the chamber Body and positioning pin.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PVDF polytetrafluoroethylene
  • Metal materials commonly used in the manufacture of shield plates are alloys such as 3A21 type aluminum alloy and SUS304 type stainless steel.
  • the sealing area of interest includes between the bottom surface of the chamber body and the boss portion of the shield plate, and between the adjacent two freeze-dry chambers.
  • the chamber body and the shielding plate have different linear expansion coefficients because they are made of a non-metal wave-transparent material and a metal-transparent material, respectively.
  • the gap between the two surfaces is caused by the difference in the expansion ratio of the two materials, thereby breaking the vacuum sealing state.
  • a sealing ring is used.
  • existing solid elastomeric seals do not solve the problem. This is because the amount of compression of the solid elastic sealing ring changes as the gap changes, thereby losing the vacuum sealing ability, which in turn causes vacuum leakage.
  • the present invention employs an inflatable sealing ring.
  • the degree of expansion of the inflatable sealing ring is limited to two aspects: one is the internal pressure of the inflatable sealing ring, and the other is the size of the sealing groove.
  • one is the internal pressure of the inflatable sealing ring
  • the other is the size of the sealing groove.
  • the free assembly method can effectively solve the difference in temperature deformation between the chamber body made of the non-metal wave-transparent material and the microwave shielding plate made of the metal material due to the difference in linear expansion coefficient, thereby ensuring the hollow structure 16 and Sealing performance between the exterior of the freeze-drying compartment.
  • the present invention employs a silicone sealing ring filled with an inert gas inside.
  • an inert gas is understood to be helium or nitrogen.
  • the freeze-drying chamber has a length of 800 to 3000 mm. It can be used in a single group, or multiple sets of freeze-drying chambers can be sequentially connected by bolts to form a longer freeze-drying chamber group to improve work efficiency.
  • the modular continuous microwave freeze-drying chamber of the present invention achieves the following effects:
  • the warehouse structure is adopted to facilitate front and rear connection and assembly to solve the vacuum sealing problem.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of the main body of the chamber
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of the chamber body
  • Figure 3 is a front view of the shield plate
  • Figure 4 is a left side view of the shield plate
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the assembled three consecutive freeze-drying chambers
  • Fig. 6 is a left side structural view of Fig. 5.
  • a modular continuous microwave freeze-drying chamber unit as shown in Figures 5 and 6 includes a chamber body 1 (shown in Figures 1 and 2) and a shield plate 2 (shown in Figures 3 and 4).
  • the shield plate 2 is mounted on the lower portion of the chamber body 1, and the seal between the boss portion 22 of the shield plate 2 and the inner wall surface of the mounting passage 14 of the chamber body 1 is ensured by the body seal ring 3.
  • the boss portion 22 of the shield plate 2 is provided with a cold trap communication hole (not shown) for connecting the cold trap.
  • Adjacent lyophilization chamber units are joined together, the adjacent chamber bodies 1 are positioned by locating pins 5, and adjacent shield plates 2 are mechanically joined by bolts 6 outside the microwave field.
  • the inner and outer seals of the sealed freeze-drying chamber are sealed between the abutting surfaces of the adjacent chamber bodies 1 by abutting the sealing ring 4.
  • a lyophilization chamber composed of 10 lyophilization chamber units is disposed in a continuous microwave lyophilization apparatus as disclosed in CN102226635A, and a continuous feed system and a continuous discharge system are respectively disposed upstream and downstream of the lyophilization chamber, and a material conveyor belt is disposed therebetween.
  • the microwave system is placed outside of the lyophilization chamber and is capable of radiating microwaves into the lyophilization chamber.
  • a microwave suppressor is installed at both the upper and lower ends of the freeze-drying chamber to ensure that the microwave field only exists in the freeze-drying chamber.
  • the cold trap communication holes on the microwave shielding plate of each freeze-drying chamber unit are respectively connected to a small cold trap (corresponding to a vacuum water trapping system) for extracting water vapor generated during microwave freeze-drying.
  • the lyophilized material is discharged onto the material conveyor by a continuous feeding system, passed through a continuous microwave vacuum chamber composed of 10 continuously connected chamber bodies 1, and is freeze-dried by the loading of microwaves.
  • the generated water vapor is absorbed by the cold trap through the cold trap communication hole, ensuring that the water vapor in the chamber is at a low level.
  • the chamber body 1 and the microwave shielding plate 2 are subjected to the conduction heat of the lyophilized material, and the temperature changes to cause the material to deform, and the sealing surface of the material joint also changes.
  • connection between the adjacent chamber main bodies 1 is connected by a positioning pin 5 made of a non-metal wave-transparent material, and since the positioning pin 5 does not have a fastening effect, only the positioning effect is achieved. Therefore, the gap between the adjacent chamber main bodies 1 can be changed as the material deforms.
  • the chamber body 1 is made by high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by an injection molding process, and the microwave shielding plate 2 is made by a cutting process using 3A21 aluminum alloy.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • the microwave shielding plate 2 is made by a cutting process using 3A21 aluminum alloy.
  • linear expansion coefficient of the material is:
  • HDPE 180 ⁇ 10 -6 /°C
  • a solid elastic sealing ring made of rubber, a silicone sealing ring filled with nitrogen gas with an internal pressure of 0.1 mPA, a silicone sealing ring filled with nitrogen gas with an internal pressure of 0.5 mPA, and a silicone sealing ring filled with nitrogen gas with an internal pressure of 1.2 mPA were used.
  • the main sealing ring and the adjacent sealing ring compare the sealing effect, and the results are as follows:
  • the intracavity vacuum is measured by a vacuum gauge.
  • the air leakage rate is determined by static vacuum conditions according to the "JB/T 10285-2001 food vacuum freeze-drying equipment" standard, which indicates that the freeze-drying chamber is a vacuum container which can be tightly sealed, and it is considered to be leaking during the experiment of the present invention.
  • the value is greater than 25Pa ⁇ L/s, the hermeticity of the freeze-drying chamber does not meet the requirements of microwave freeze-drying operation.
  • the inflatable sealing ring with internal pressure of 0.1-1.2 mPA can achieve effective sealing.
  • the sealing of the freeze-drying bin can be ensured for the joint of the material with a gap change of about 1.4 mm.
  • the 0.1mPA inflatable sealing ring will lead to higher air leakage rate, it is still far lower than the specifications required in "JB/T 10285-2001 Food Vacuum Freeze Drying Equipment" to meet the requirements of continuous microwave freeze drying operation.
  • the solid sealing ring commonly used in the prior art proves that the sealing effect cannot be achieved under the microwave environment with large temperature difference.
  • metal bolts are used to ensure the connection of the adjacent shielding plates is stable, and to avoid interference with the inside of the freeze-drying chamber.
  • the gap between adjacent chamber bodies 1 during lyophilization The filling is filled by the adjacent sealing ring. Since the metal bolt is outside the microwave field, the microwave field distribution is not affected, and the lyophilization operation is good.
  • the main warehouse 1 is made of HDPE, and the microwave shielding board 2 is made of SUS304 stainless steel.
  • the temperature of the chamber body 1 and the microwave shielding plate 2 was lowered to 5 ° C, and the initial temperature was calculated at a normal temperature of 25 ° C, and the temperature difference was 20 ° C.
  • the linear expansion coefficient of HDPE is: 180 ⁇ 10 -6 /°C
  • the gap size due to the inconsistent linear expansion coefficients of the two materials at a temperature difference of 20 °C is:
  • a solid elastic sealing ring made of rubber, a silicone sealing ring filled with nitrogen gas with an internal pressure of 0.1 mPA, a silicone sealing ring filled with nitrogen gas with an internal pressure of 0.5 mPA, and a silicone sealing ring filled with nitrogen gas with an internal pressure of 1.2 mPA were used.
  • the main sealing ring and the adjacent sealing ring compare the sealing effect, and the results are as follows:
  • the modular continuous microwave freeze-drying cavity of the invention can construct a long-length freeze-drying cavity, and the length can be adjusted as needed, thereby effectively reducing the difficulty of industrial assembly, ensuring airtightness in the warehouse, and avoiding the use of metal connectors to avoid Interfering with the microwave field provides feasibility for continuous microwave freeze-drying operations.
  • Example 2 The same material and operating parameters as in Example 2 were used, with the difference being the effectiveness of testing a longer modular microwave vacuum chamber with a single cavity length of 3000 mm. Calculate the gap size as:
  • the inflatable sealing ring can meet the air tightness requirement of the longer freeze-drying chamber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种模块化连续微波冻干腔，包括腔室主体（1）和屏蔽板（2），其中屏蔽板（2）中部具有凸台部（22），凸台部（22）的四侧设有主体密封圈槽（23）；腔室主体（1）的底面中部有屏蔽板（2）的安装通道（14）；腔室主体（1）的外表面延其长度方向在两端设有凹槽（13），内有定位销装配孔（15）；腔室主体（1）的一侧端面围绕着中空结构（16）设有邻接密封圈槽（11）。模块化连续微波冻干腔有效克服非金属透波材料制成的冻干仓和金属材料制作的微波屏蔽板间由于线膨胀系数不一致引起的温变变形量不同，确保真空密封性能；去除了常规技术中腔室主体与屏蔽板间的金属连接件，保证冻干过程中的微波加载均匀性；通过模块化设计实现装配，有效满足产量提高和扩大化生产的要求。

Description

模块化连续微波冻干腔及含有所述冻干腔的微波冻干设备 【技术领域】
本发明涉及微波冻干设备，特别是一种应用于连续微波冻干设备的模块化连续微波冻干腔，以及含有所述冻干腔的连续微波冻干设备。
【背景技术】
微波冻干是结合微波辐射加热技术和真空冻干技术、通过改进常规冻干过程中升华潜热的提供方式，采用微波对干燥介质整体加热，在微波场作用下使物料中的极性分子发生震动和相互摩擦，从而将电能转化为物料中水分升华所需的升华潜热，实现物料干燥。相对于传统冻干方式，微波冻干具有干燥速度快、热效率高、作业成本低的显著优势。
例如中国发明专利申请CN102200378A公开了一种微波真空冷冻干燥设备，其中，用于放置作业物料的真空仓设置在微波谐振腔中，真空仓包括整体呈圆柱形的非金属罩和金属仓体，非金属罩和金属仓体之间通过微波屏蔽板分隔。该设备有效实现了微波冻干，然而其结构决定了冻干作业只能逐次进行，即向真空仓中投入物料-减压后进行真空冻干-恢复至常压以获取产品，作业效率低。
为了实现连续微波冻干，中国发明专利申请CN102226635A公开了一种微波连续冻干装置，采用具有长度的冻干仓，冻干仓中设有物料输送带，并在冻干仓的上下游分别设置连续进料系统和连续出料系统，实现微波冻干的连续作业。
尽管CN102226635A中并没有限制其冻干仓的长度，然而，受限于工业制造及装配水平，其冻干仓的长度通常为800-1200mm。这是由于为了满足冻干仓的真空(或低压)作业要求，冻干仓是整体式的，以避免仓壁拼接带来的密封缺陷。这种整体式要求决定了冻干仓的长度限制，也局限了连续式微波冻干作业的发展。
为了实现长度更长的冻干仓，一种设想是采用模块化设计，通过连接多组冻干仓以增加整体长度。然而，实现模块化的微波冻干仓的困难在于一方面，其作业腔体由透波材料腔体和非透波材料屏蔽板组合构成，透波材料如玻璃、陶瓷或聚四氟乙烯(PVDF)与非透薄材料如金属具有不可忽略的线膨胀系数差异，这种差异导致两种材料在微波冻干过程中温度变化时，两种材料的接触处会产生拼接缝隙，破坏真空环境，造成冻干失败。
另一方面在于相邻腔体的机械连接。为了确保相邻腔体的连接稳固并避免接缝处出现间隙，一种设想是使用强度足够的金属连接件例如螺栓将仓壁与微波屏蔽板、腔体与腔体间进行连接，然而金属螺栓会导致微波连续冻干装置中的微波场分布不均匀而影响冻干效果，而替换采用非金属材质螺栓又无法提供足够的剪切应力对抗两种材料的变形。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是针对现有技术缺陷，克服不同材料的线膨胀系数差异，提供一种具有良好密封性能、能实现拼接的模块化连续微波冻干腔。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种模块化连续微波冻干腔，所述冻干腔包括由透波材料制成的腔室主体1和由非透波材料制成的屏蔽板2，腔室主体1的长度与屏蔽板2的长度相匹配，其中，屏蔽板2包括基部21和位于基部21中部的凸台部22，所述凸台部22的四侧设有主体密封圈槽23；
腔室主体1包括依次邻接的前壁、顶壁、后壁和底面，腔室主体1中部为中空结构16，所述底面中部设有与屏蔽板的凸台部22相匹配的安装通道14；腔室主体1的外表面延其长度方向在靠近两端的位置设有凹槽13，所述凹槽13的外侧壁设有定位销装配孔15；腔室主体1的左端面或右端面围绕着中空结构16设有邻接密封圈槽11。
在本发明中，所述冻干腔还包括分别设在邻接密封圈槽11和主体密封圈槽23内的密封圈3。
在本发明中，所述冻干腔还包括设在定位销装配孔15中的透波材料制成的定位销5。
根据一种优选的实施方式，屏蔽板基部21的左右侧有外沿24，所述外沿24上有螺栓装配孔25。
优选地，所述冻干腔还包括设在螺栓装配孔25的螺栓6。
根据有一种优选的实施方式，密封圈3为充气密封圈。
更优选地，所述充气密封圈为内部充有惰性气体的硅胶密封圈。
特别优选地，所述充气密封圈的充气气压为0.1～1.2MPa。
在本发明中，所述腔室主体1的长度为800-3000mm。
本发明还提供含有一组或多组如上述的冻干腔的微波冻干设备。
以下将更详细的解释本发明的技术方案。
本发明的模块化连续微波冻干腔是沿其长度方向设置中空结构16的腔体，包括由透波材料制成的腔室主体1和由非透波材料制成的屏蔽板2，它们具有匹配的长度。通常，屏蔽板2位于底面。
在本发明中，为了便于描述而非限定，将冻干腔沿其长度方向的两端定义为左和右，或称上游和下游，将屏蔽板2所在的方向定义为底或下，与屏蔽板2相对的方向定义为顶或上，其余两面定义为前和后。在本发明中，冻干腔的前后两面可以是对称的，左和右也是基本对称的，无需严格区分。
如图3、4所示，屏蔽板2包括基部21和位于基部21中部的凸台部22，凸台部22的四侧开有O型的内凹的主体密封圈槽23，内置密封圈4。
如图1、2所示，将腔室主体1描述为前壁、顶壁、后壁和底面，它们围成中空结构16。其中，底面中部开有安装通道14，其尺寸与屏蔽板的凸台部22相匹配，确保凸台部22能吻合在安装通道14中。吻合后，主体密封圈槽23内的主体密封圈3被挤压形变，确保凸台部22和安装通道14之间的气密性。屏蔽板2和腔室主体1之间为自由装配关系，不采用螺栓连接，避免了金属材料在冻干过程中对微波加载均匀性的影响，提高了微波连续冻干系统的稳定性。
为了实现有效定位连接同时避免在腔室主体内使用金属螺栓，腔室主体1外部，在靠近左右两端的位置分别设有环形凹槽13，凹槽13的外侧壁(即腔室主体1的左右端面外沿)设有定位销装配孔15。定位销装配孔15内部为光面，将两组腔室主体按上下游方向邻接后，在定位销装配孔15中插入定位销5，能够将相邻的两组腔室主体定位，但并不用于固定连接，此时腔室主体可沿其长度方向运动，而受限于上下或前后运动。
腔室主体1的左端面或右端面中的其中一面设有凹型的邻接密封圈槽11，内置邻接密封圈4，邻接密封圈槽11围绕着中空结构16设置。当将两组腔室主体按上下游方向邻接后，上游腔室主体的右端面与下游腔室主体的左端面相接，此时邻接密封圈4被端面挤压形变，确保中空结构16与腔室主体1外部的气密性。
此外，屏蔽板基部21的左右侧有外沿24，上有螺栓装配孔25。通过螺栓对上下游冻干腔进行机械连接。
连接方面，本发明的模块化连续微波冻干腔包括：一是相邻两组冻干腔通过屏蔽板2(通过外沿24和螺栓装配孔25)采用连接螺栓6紧固连接成一体。螺栓6采用金属材质，确保具有足够的强度和剪切应力，可以将多组模块化冻干腔连成整体。螺栓6处于微波冻干仓外部，不影响微波场分布。二是相邻的腔室主体1之间的连接，由于处于微波场内部，采用透波材料制成的定位销5进行定位，联合邻接密封圈4进行真空密封。由于腔室主体1和屏蔽板2之间为自由装配，因此腔室主体1和屏蔽板2之间会存在间隙，非金属透波材料制作的定位销5提供了足够的拉伸应力对相邻冻干仓进行定位，邻接密封圈4随间隙大小变化提供足够的真空密封效果。这样模块化的设计对于模块之间以及连续微波冻干腔体与前后装置的连接都提供了完美的支持。
在本发明中，非金属透波材料例如石英玻璃、陶瓷、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚醚醚铜(PEEK)、聚四氟乙烯(PVDF)等均可用于构造腔室主体和定位销。
常用于制造屏蔽板的金属材料是合金，如3A21型铝合金、SUS304型不锈钢。
在本发明中，关注的密封区域包括腔室主体底面与屏蔽板凸台部之间，和邻接的两个冻干仓之间。
其中，腔室主体与屏蔽板由于分别采用非金属透波材料和金属透薄材料制成而具有不同的线膨胀系数。在冻干过程中由于作业温度变化，由于两种材料的膨胀比例差异而导致两者接触面产生隙缝，因而破坏真空密封状态。为了解决这一问题而采用密封圈。然而，现有的实心弹性密封圈并不能解决问题。这是由于随着隙缝的变化，实心弹性密封圈的压缩量也随之变化，从而失去真空密封能力，进而导致真空泄露。
为了确保不同材料制成的腔室主体与屏蔽板在作业过程中的密封性，本发明采用充气密封圈。充气密封圈的膨胀程度受限于两方面：一是充气密封圈内压，二是密封槽大小。在固定圈内压力条件下，由于膨胀程度不一致导致密封槽大小发生变化时，充气密封圈可以随之膨胀以达到密封真空的作用，且内部充气也不受微波加载影响，满足使用需求。这种自由装配的方式，可以有效解决非金属透波材料制成的腔室主体和金属材料制作的微波屏蔽板之间由于线膨胀系数差异引起的温变变形量不同，从而确保中空结构16与冻干仓外部之间的密封性能。
因此特别优选地，本发明采用内部充有惰性气体的硅胶密封圈，当充气密封圈的充气气压为0.1～1.2MPa能更有效满足本发明的密封要求。在本发明中，惰性气体理解为氦气或氮气。
在本发明中，冻干腔长度为800-3000mm。它可以单组使用，也可以将多组冻干腔通过螺栓顺序连接，构造成更长的冻干腔组，以提高作业效率。
因此，本发明的模块化连续微波冻干腔实现了以下效果：
(1)通过充气密封圈有效克服非金属透波材料制成的冻干仓和金属材料制作的微波屏蔽板间由于线膨胀系数不一致引起的温变变 形量不同，确保真空密封性能；
(2)去除了常规技术中腔室主体与屏蔽板间的金属连接件(如金属螺栓)，保证了冻干过程中的微波加载均匀性；
(3)采用可灵活应用的模块化、标准化设计，解决了由于材料带来的加工难度、精度问题；通过模块化冻干腔的邻接装配实现更长的腔体，满足产量提高和扩大化生产的要求；
(4)采用仓式结构，便于前后连接和装配，解决真空密封问题。
【附图说明】
图1为腔室主体主视结构图；
图2为腔室主体左视图；
图3为屏蔽板主视结构图；
图4为屏蔽板左视图；
图5为装配的连续的三组冻干腔的主视结构图；
图6为图5的左视结构图。
其中，1、腔室主体；2、屏蔽板；3、主体密封圈；4、邻接密封圈；5、定位销；6、螺栓；11、邻接密封圈槽；13、凹槽；14、安装通道；15、定位销装配孔；16、中空结构；21、基部；22、凸台部；23、主体密封圈槽；24、外沿；25、螺栓装配孔。
【具体实施方式】
以下实施例用于非限制性地解释本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员可借鉴本发明的内容，适当改变结构、连接关系、材料、参数、尺寸、工艺等环节来实现相应的其它目的，其相关改变都没有脱离本发明的内容，所有类似的替换和改动对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，都应当被视为包括在本发明的范围之内。
如附图5、6所示的模块化连续微波冻干腔单元，包括腔室主体1(如图1、2所示)和屏蔽板2(如图3、4所示)。将屏蔽板2安装在腔室主体1下部，通过主体密封圈3确保屏蔽板2的凸台部22与腔室主体1的安装通道14内壁面之间的密封。屏蔽板2凸台部22开有冷阱连通孔(图中未画出)，用于连接冷阱。
将相邻的冻干腔单元组合连接在一起，通过定位销5将相邻的腔室主体1定位，再通过处于微波场外的螺栓6将相邻的屏蔽板2机械连接。此外，相邻的腔室主体1的贴合面之间通过邻接密封圈4实现密封冻干腔的腔室内外密封。
将由10个冻干腔单元组合而成的冻干腔设置在如CN102226635A公开的连续微波冻干设备中，在冻干腔上下游分别设置连续进料系统和连续出料系统，其间设置物料传送带。微波系统设置在冻干腔外部，能够向冻干腔内辐射微波。在冻干腔的上下游两端分别安装微波抑制器，确保微波场只存续于冻干腔内。每个冻干腔单元的微波屏蔽板上的冷阱连通孔分别连接一台小型冷阱(相当于真空捕水系统)，用于抽取微波冻干过程中产生的水汽。
作业时，冻干原料通过连续进料系统投放到物料传送带上，从10个连续连接的腔室主体1构成的连续微波真空腔体内通过，受微波的加载作用被冷冻干燥。生成的水汽通过冷阱连通孔被冷阱吸收，确保腔体内水汽处于低水平。在冻干过程中，腔室主体1和微波屏蔽板2受到冻干物料的传导热，温度发生变化引起材料形变，材料连接处的密封面也随之变化。此外，相邻冻干腔单元连接方面，相邻的腔室主体1之间连接采用非金属透波材料制作的定位销5进行连接，由于定位销5不起紧固作用，只起到定位效果，所以相邻的腔室主体1间的间隙能够随材料形变发生变化。
为了解决密封性问题，考察不同类型密封圈对不同材料制成的冻干腔的影响：
实施例1
腔室主体1采用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)通过注塑工艺制成，微波屏蔽板2采用3A21铝合金通过切割工艺制成。在冻干作业过程中，受到冻干原料传热影响，腔室主体1和微波屏蔽板2的温度降至10℃，起始温度按常温25℃计算，温差为15℃。
此外，材料的线膨胀系数为：
HDPE：180×10-6/℃
3A21：23.2×10-6/℃
按照单个模块化微波真空腔的单方向长度1200mm计，在15℃的温差下，由于两种材料线膨胀系数不一致导致的间隙大小为：(1200mm×15℃×180×10-6/℃-1200mm×15℃×23.2×10-6/℃)/2＝1.4mm
分别采用由橡胶制成的实心弹性密封圈、填充氮气的内压为0.1mPA的硅胶密封圈、填充氮气的内压为0.5mPA的硅胶密封圈和填充氮气的内压1.2mPA的硅胶密封圈作为主体密封圈和邻接密封圈，比较其密封效果，结果如下：
Figure PCTCN2015084330-appb-000001
其中，腔内真空度是由真空计测定的。
漏气率是根据《JB/T 10285-2001食品真空冷冻干燥设备》标准由静态真空条件测定，它表明冻干腔是一个能严格密封的真空容器，在本发明的实验过程中，认为漏气数值大于25Pa·L/s时冻干腔的密闭性不符合微波冻干作业要求。
实验证实，内压为0.1-1.2mPA的充气密封圈均可实现有效密封，在15℃温差的微波环境下、对于缝隙变化约1.4mm的材料接缝处可确保冻干仓的密闭性。其中，尽管0.1mPA的充气密封圈会导致较高的漏气率，然而依然远低于《JB/T 10285-2001食品真空冷冻干燥设备》中要求的规范，满足连续微波冻干的作业要求。而现有技术中常用的实心密封圈在这样具有较大温差的微波环境下经实测证明不能起到应有的密封效果。
冻干腔单元的邻接方面，采用金属螺栓确保相邻屏蔽板的连接稳固，避免干扰冻干腔内部。冻干作业时相邻腔室主体1之间的缝隙变 化由邻接密封圈填充。由于金属螺栓处于微波场以外，不会影响微波场分布，冻干作业过程良好。
实施例2：
主仓1采用HDPE材质，微波屏蔽板2采用SUS304不锈钢材质。在冻干作业过程中，腔室主体1和微波屏蔽板2的温度降至5℃，起始温度按常温25℃计算，温差为20℃。
HDPE的线膨胀系数为：180×10-6/℃
SUS304的线膨胀系数为：17.2×10-6/℃
按照单个模块化微波真空腔体的最长单方向长度1500mm计算，在20℃的温差下，由于两种材料线膨胀系数不一致导致的间隙大小为：
(1500mm×20℃×180×10-6/℃-1500mm×20℃×17.2×10-6/℃)/2＝2.44mm
分别采用由橡胶制成的实心弹性密封圈、填充氮气的内压为0.1mPA的硅胶密封圈、填充氮气的内压为0.5mPA的硅胶密封圈和填充氮气的内压1.2mPA的硅胶密封圈作为主体密封圈和邻接密封圈，比较其密封效果，结果如下：
Figure PCTCN2015084330-appb-000002
可见，通过本发明的模块化连续微波冻干腔能够构造长度较长的冻干腔，长度可按需调节，有效降低工业装配难度，可确保仓室内气密性，同时避免采用金属连接件避免干扰微波场，为连续微波冻干操作提供可行性。
实施例3：
采用与实施例2相同的材质和操作参数，区别在于试验更长的模块化微波真空腔体的有效性，单个腔体长度为3000mm。计算得到间隙大小为：
(3000mm×20℃×180×10-6/℃-3000mm×20℃×17.2×10-6/℃)/2＝4.88mm
显然，由于单个腔体长度增加，由于线膨胀系数的不同带来的缝隙兼具显著增大，加剧了腔体密封性难度。
分别测试填充He气的内压为0.5mPA的硅胶密封圈和填充He气的内压1.2mPA的硅胶密封圈在冻干作业过程中对腔体内真空度和漏气率的影响，结果如下：
Figure PCTCN2015084330-appb-000003
可见，充气密封圈能够满足长度更长的冻干腔的气密性要求。

Claims (10)

  1. 模块化连续微波冻干腔，所述冻干腔包括由透波材料制成的腔室主体(1)和由非透波材料制成的屏蔽板(2)，腔室主体(1)的长度与屏蔽板(2)的长度相匹配，其特征在于屏蔽板(2)包括基部(21)和位于基部(21)中部的凸台部(22)，所述凸台部(22)的四侧设有主体密封圈槽(23)；
    腔室主体(1)包括依次邻接的前壁、顶壁、后壁和底面，腔室主体(1)中部为中空结构(16)，所述底面中部设有与屏蔽板的凸台部(22)相匹配的安装通道(14)；腔室主体(1)的外表面延其长度方向在靠近两端的位置设有凹槽(13)，所述凹槽(13)的外侧壁设有定位销装配孔(15)；腔室主体(1)的左端面或右端面围绕着中空结构(16)设有邻接密封圈槽(11)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的冻干腔，其特征在于所述冻干腔还包括分别设在邻接密封圈槽(11)和主体密封圈槽(23)内的密封圈(3)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的冻干腔，其特征在于所述冻干腔还包括设在定位销装配孔(15)中的透波材料制成的定位销(5)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的冻干腔，其特征在于屏蔽板基部(21)的左右侧有外沿(24)，所述外沿(24)上有螺栓装配孔(25)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的冻干腔，其特征在于所述冻干腔还包括设在螺栓装配孔(25)的螺栓(6)。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的冻干腔，密封圈(3)为充气密封圈。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的冻干腔，所述充气密封圈为内部充有惰性气体的硅胶密封圈。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的冻干腔，所述充气密封圈的充气气压为0.1～1.2MPa。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的冻干腔，其特征在于所述腔室主体(1)的长度为800-3000mm。
  10. 含有一组或多组如权利要求1-9中任一项权利要求所述的冻 干腔的微波冻干设备。
PCT/CN2015/084330 2015-07-17 2015-07-17 模块化连续微波冻干腔及含有所述冻干腔的微波冻干设备 WO2017011939A1 (zh)

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