WO2017006074A1 - Procédé de production de gaz naturel liquéfié - Google Patents

Procédé de production de gaz naturel liquéfié Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017006074A1
WO2017006074A1 PCT/GB2016/000128 GB2016000128W WO2017006074A1 WO 2017006074 A1 WO2017006074 A1 WO 2017006074A1 GB 2016000128 W GB2016000128 W GB 2016000128W WO 2017006074 A1 WO2017006074 A1 WO 2017006074A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
pressure
feed
natural gas
bar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2016/000128
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Geoffrey Frederick Skinner
Anthony Dwight Maunder
Original Assignee
Gasconsult Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gasconsult Limited filed Critical Gasconsult Limited
Publication of WO2017006074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017006074A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0254—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • the pre-compressor operates on a different fluid (natural gas) from the higher hydrocarbon refrigerants commonly used in the main liquefaction cycle.
  • the invention concerns methane expander type LNG production processes.
  • a process for producing liquefied natural gas in which a feed natural gas is mixed with a methane-rich recycle gas and introduced into a liquefaction unit such that a product stream emerges at reduced pressure as a two-phase stream; the two-phase stream flows to a separator in which the liquid and vapour fractions are separated to form liquid natural gas and methane vapour which, after reheating and compression as necessary, constitutes the said recycle gas, wherein: the feed natural gas has a pressure of from 20 to 80 bar; the feed gas and recycle gas are mixed at substantially the same pressure and the resulting combined stream is compressed to a pressure of from 40 to 120 bar before being introduced into the said liquefaction unit
  • the invention consists of introducing the feed gas, particularly natural gas, at pressures particularly below 50 bar into the compression train at a point at which the pressure of the gas being compressed is essentially equal to the pressure of the feed gas.
  • the exact point of introduction of the feed gas depends upon the pressure of the feed gas and the pressure of the recycle gas.
  • the two gas streams may be mixed before compression or the feed gas may be introduced to the recycle gas part way during the compression of the recycle gas.
  • the pressure at the end of the compression train and the resulting pressure of recycle to the liquefaction step can then be selected independently of the pressure of the feed natural gas, and can be as high as is convenient - typically 60 bar or higher - so as to minimise the total power requirement of the liquefaction process.
  • the energy demand of an LNG production process may be reduced over a wide range of feed gas pressures without the complication of an additional feed gas compressor.
  • cryogenic refrigeration is achieved by work expansion of the methane-rich gas in one or more expanders.
  • feed natural gas contains heavier components (C3+), which typically are removed by cooling the feed. This is more difficult to achieve, once the feed has been mixed with the recycle. In these cases, it is therefore advantageous to precool and condense the heavies and then reheat the remaining feed by heat exchange with the liquefaction process.
  • Figure 1 represents a schematic diagram of a known open loop methane cycle process for the liquefaction of methane
  • Figure 2 represents a schematic diagram of a known modification of the process illustrated in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 represents a schematic diagram of a process in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 4 represents a graph illustrating the compression power saving for a process of the invention compared to a known process.
  • the feed natural gas after removal of acid gas components and water vapour enters (1) at a pressure typically between 20 and 80 bar.
  • the feed gas (1) is mixed with a methane-rich recycle gas stream (8).
  • the combined stream (2) at near-ambient temperature enters the liquefaction unit (A) in which it is partially liquefied, emerging at reduced pressure as a two-phase stream (3).
  • the internal design of the liquefaction unit (A) is known and there are several different constructions in the prior art.
  • the precise configuration of the liquefaction unit is not relevant to the invention.
  • the two-phase stream (3) flows to a separator (B), in which the liquid and vapour fractions are separated.
  • the liquid fraction (4) is typically let down in pressure to near atmospheric pressure to form LNG product.
  • vapour fraction (5) is recycled and reheated to near-ambient temperature and the resulting stream (6) s then compressed to slightly above the pressure of the feed gas (7) in compressor C.
  • the compressed recycle stream is cooled to near-ambient temperature (8) in cooler (D) and then rejoins the feed gas.
  • compressor (C) typically will comprise at least two stages with intercooling.
  • Figure 2 shows a modification of the process described with reference to Figure 1 and is advantageous when the feed gas is available at a pressure below 50 bar.
  • the modification comprises compression of the feed gas (1) in an additional compressor (E) such that the compressed feed gas (11) is mixed with the recycle gas stream (8) and the combined stream (2) enters the liquefaction unit (A) at a pressure typically in the range 40 to 80 bar.
  • the feed gas 1 has a pressure much below 50 bar the combined power of the two compressors (C and E) is significantly below the power of compressor (C) in Figure 1.
  • the said saving in compression power may be insufficient to outweigh the extra investment and complication of providing the additional compressor E.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a process of the invention, whereby the compression of lower pressure feed gas, typically below 50 bar, is performed by admitting the feed gas to a point in the compressor (C) at which the pressure of the gas being compressed is essentially equal to the pressure of the feed gas.
  • the feed gas may be mixed with the recycle gas and admitted to the suction of compressor (C) at that point (1a).
  • the feed gas may be admitted (1 b) at an intermediate stage in the compressor (C) where the recycle gas is at approximately the same pressure as the feed gas e.g. through a separate suction (nozzle) or at an intercooler, some adjustment of the local inter-stage pressure being carried out if necessary to avoid wasteful loss of pressure.
  • the pressure of the combined stream (2) at the outlet of compressor (C) is generally in the range 40 to 120 bar, more typically 50 to 100 bar.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the potential saving in compression power that can be achieved with internal compression of feed gas in accordance with the invention, compared with a prior art process.
  • Curve A in Figure 4 illustrates the expected percentage increase in liquefaction power requirement (kWh/t LNG) with feed gas pressures from 50 bar down to 20 bar for a particular configuration of the liquefaction unit according to prior art as shown in Figure 1 , with a feed gas temperature of + 40 degC.
  • Curve B corresponds with Curve A with a feed gas temperature of - 40 degC.
  • Curve C illustrates the smaller increase in liquefaction power requirement (kWh/t LNG) for the same feed gas pressure range but with feed gas compression according to the invention as shown in Figure 3, and with a feed gas temperature of + 40 degC.
  • Curve D corresponds with Curve C with a feed gas temperature of - 40 degC.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de production de gaz naturel liquéfié consistant à mélanger un gaz naturel d'alimentation avec un gaz de recyclage riche en méthane et à l'introduire dans une unité de liquéfaction de sorte qu'il en émerge un flux partiellement liquéfié à pression réduite ; à séparer ledit flux à deux phases en fractions de liquide et de vapeur pour obtenir un gaz naturel liquéfié et de la vapeur de méthane qui constitue ledit gaz de recyclage : à mélanger le gaz naturel d'alimentation et le gaz de recyclage à sensiblement la même pression, et à comprimer le flux mélangé résultant à une pression supérieure à la pression avant introduction dans l'unité de liquéfaction.
PCT/GB2016/000128 2015-07-03 2016-06-23 Procédé de production de gaz naturel liquéfié WO2017006074A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1511673.4 2015-07-03
GB1511673.4A GB2539955A (en) 2015-07-03 2015-07-03 Process for producing liquefied natural gas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017006074A1 true WO2017006074A1 (fr) 2017-01-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2016/000128 WO2017006074A1 (fr) 2015-07-03 2016-06-23 Procédé de production de gaz naturel liquéfié

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GB (1) GB2539955A (fr)
WO (1) WO2017006074A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107560317A (zh) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-09 通用电气公司 用于生产液化天然气的系统和方法
JP7393607B2 (ja) 2019-01-22 2023-12-07 レール・リキード－ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード ガス液化方法およびガス液化装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5025860A (en) * 1989-04-17 1991-06-25 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and apparatus of obtaining natural gas from a maritime deposit
US20110056237A1 (en) * 2008-04-09 2011-03-10 Hi Corporation Method and apparatus for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream
US20110094262A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Complete liquefaction methods and apparatus

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW366411B (en) * 1997-06-20 1999-08-11 Exxon Production Research Co Improved process for liquefaction of natural gas
GB2522421B (en) * 2014-01-22 2016-10-19 Dwight Maunder Anthony LNG production process

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5025860A (en) * 1989-04-17 1991-06-25 Sulzer Brothers Limited Method and apparatus of obtaining natural gas from a maritime deposit
US20110056237A1 (en) * 2008-04-09 2011-03-10 Hi Corporation Method and apparatus for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream
US20110094262A1 (en) * 2009-10-22 2011-04-28 Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc Complete liquefaction methods and apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107560317A (zh) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-09 通用电气公司 用于生产液化天然气的系统和方法
JP7393607B2 (ja) 2019-01-22 2023-12-07 レール・リキード－ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード ガス液化方法およびガス液化装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2539955A (en) 2017-01-04
GB201511673D0 (en) 2015-08-19

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