US20170038137A1 - Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen - Google Patents
Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20170038137A1 US20170038137A1 US15/230,049 US201615230049A US2017038137A1 US 20170038137 A1 US20170038137 A1 US 20170038137A1 US 201615230049 A US201615230049 A US 201615230049A US 2017038137 A1 US2017038137 A1 US 2017038137A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- booster
- heat exchanger
- turbine
- natural gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 374
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical class CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical class CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical class CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 benzene Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/0007—Helium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
- F25J1/001—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
- F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
- F25J1/0238—Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0269—Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
- F25J1/0271—Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0274—Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
- F25J3/0257—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
- F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
- F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/40—Features relating to the provision of boil-up in the bottom of a column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/50—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using multiple (re-)boiler-condensers at different heights of the column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/72—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the totally condensed overhead gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
- F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/02—Multiple feed streams, e.g. originating from different sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/60—Natural gas or synthetic natural gas [SNG]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/42—Nitrogen or special cases, e.g. multiple or low purity N2
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/02—Separating impurities in general from the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/44—Separating high boiling, i.e. less volatile components from nitrogen, e.g. CO, Ar, O2, hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/64—Separating heavy hydrocarbons, e.g. NGL, LPG, C4+ hydrocarbons or heavy condensates in general
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/66—Separating acid gases, e.g. CO2, SO2, H2S or RSH
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/22—Compressor driver arrangement, e.g. power supply by motor, gas or steam turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
- F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
- F25J2240/44—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/08—Internal refrigeration by flash gas recovery loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/88—Quasi-closed internal refrigeration or heat pump cycle, if not otherwise provided
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/70—Processing device is mobile or transportable, e.g. by hand, car, ship, rocket engine etc.
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for efficiently producing liquefied natural gas (“LNG”).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- Small scale nitrogen generators are commonly needed at remote locations where the cost of an air separation unit producing O 2 and N 2 is not required or justified.
- the nitrogen can be (1) low purity gaseous for utility purposes (e.g., ethane cracker), (2) liquid form for fracking purposes, or (3) higher purity merchant product, particularly in locations such as North Dakota or Alberta. These sites can also have a demand for small quantities of liquefied natural gas, which is often trucked in at a high price.
- small scale LNG plants could be installed but also result in a high cost of product, thereby making these options uneconomical.
- the present invention is directed to a method and apparatus that satisfies at least one of these needs.
- the invention can provide a lower cost, more efficient and flexible method to produce LNG.
- the invention can include integration of a nitrogen production facility with an LNG production facility.
- refrigeration energy from the nitrogen production unit can be partially diverted to be used to liquefy natural gas.
- the incoming air and natural gas are cooled in the same heat exchanger.
- the liquefaction of the natural gas occurs in a separate heat exchanger.
- the invention can also include an additional set of turbine boosters configured to provide additional refrigeration for the LNG heat exchanger.
- the discharge pressure of the turbine for the LNG heat exchanger is approximate the column reboiler condensing pressure.
- a method for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) and nitrogen is provided.
- the method can include the steps of: a) providing a nitrogen production facility, wherein nitrogen production facility comprises: a main heat exchanger, an air separation unit, a nitrogen recycle compressor, a first nitrogen refrigeration supply configured to provide refrigeration to the main heat exchanger for cooling a main air feed; b) providing a secondary refrigeration supply; c) liquefying a natural gas stream using refrigeration from the secondary refrigeration supply to form an LNG product stream; wherein the secondary refrigeration supply is configured to compress and expand a refrigerant to produce refrigeration, wherein the refrigerant of the secondary refrigeration supply is shared with refrigerant of the first nitrogen refrigeration supply.
- FIG. 1 provides an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 provides an embodiment of the present invention.
- the apparatus can include a Main Air Compressor (MAC), an air purification system, heat exchange means, a distillation column, and a nitrogen refrigeration cycle having a nitrogen recycle compressor and warm and cold turbine boosters.
- MAC Main Air Compressor
- the nitrogen refrigeration cycle provides compression energy for pressurized gaseous nitrogen product as well as refrigeration for both cooling down the incoming air and liquefy nitrogen, as well as providing refrigeration to liquefy the natural gas to LNG.
- the warm turbine booster flow can be split to provide refrigeration to both the warm section of the nitrogen portion and the warm section of the LNG portion.
- this warm turbine load can serve to supply two refrigeration loads, since both the nitrogen and LNG portion heat exchange cooling curves have similar pressures and temperatures in this warm section.
- the temperature at the cold end of the nitrogen portion of the heat exchanger can be about ⁇ 178° C., and the cold end of the LNG portion is about ⁇ 164° C.
- different expanded nitrogen streams at different pressures and coming from different turbines are used to liquefy the LNG as compared to cool the incoming air and liquefy nitrogen. This is preferably done since the temperature differences and cooling curve differences make it less efficient to use the same turbine for both nitrogen and LNG exchangers. Also, if the separate cold turbine for the LNG portion is simply warmed up and uses the same pressure profile (for integration in to suction of the same Recycle compressor) then the process is not optimized.
- warming the cold end of the LNG exchanger is achieved by reducing the turbine pressure ratio.
- the turbine discharge pressure can be increased to ⁇ 10 bar to match the pressure for condensing in the column reboiler and the intermediate stage of the recycle compressor. This significantly reduces the flow rate at the first stage of the recycle compressor, and also improves the efficiency of the natural gas liquefaction, therefore both reducing power and cost.
- the method can include integrating a natural gas letdown system with a closed loop nitrogen refrigeration cycle.
- the natural gas letdown essentially provides “free” refrigeration energy since the natural gas would have been alternatively letdown across a valve (i.e., the resulting drop in temperature of the natural gas would have been absorbed by the surroundings and would not have been recovered in any meaningful way).
- LNG can be co-produced with a significant power savings, while also reducing the size of the nitrogen refrigeration cycle.
- main air feed 2 which has already been purified and compressed to a pressure of about 5 to about 6 bar, is introduced to heat exchanger 10 and cooled down to a temperature near its dew point or lower to form fully cooled air feed 12 .
- Fully cooled air feed 12 is then introduced to air separation unit 19 , in order to separate the various components of air.
- Waste gaseous oxygen 22 is recovered from air separation unit 19 and is passed through the cold side of heat exchanger 10 in order to provide cooling to heat exchanger 10 .
- waste gaseous oxygen 22 can be vented to the atmosphere, used to regenerate the air adsorbers (not shown) or sent to a system of columns (not shown) if recovery of the oxygen is desired.
- Gaseous nitrogen 28 is also withdrawn from air separation unit 19 and passed through the cold side of heat exchanger 10 to provide additional cooling. However, instead of venting to the atmosphere, gaseous nitrogen 28 can be recycled in the process.
- Nitrogen recycle 38 exits main heat exchanger 10 and is introduced to recycle compressor 40 and compressed to form compressed nitrogen recycle 46 . In one embodiment, if gaseous nitrogen is desired, a portion of compressed nitrogen recycle 46 can be removed and collected as gaseous nitrogen product 47 . Compressed nitrogen recycle 46 is then cooled in second aftercooler 43 before being boosted in first booster 50 and cooled in third aftercooler 51 to form boosted nitrogen 52 .
- Boosted nitrogen 52 is then introduced to second booster 53 in order to further compress boosted nitrogen 52 before being cooled in fourth aftercooler 55 to form fully boosted nitrogen 56 .
- fully boosted nitrogen 56 can be at ambient temperature and a pressure of about 45 to about 65 bar prior to entering heat exchanger 10 .
- Fully boosted nitrogen 56 is then introduced to heat exchanger 10 for cooling.
- one portion of fully boosted nitrogen 56 is fully cooled in heat exchanger 10 to form liquefied nitrogen 58 , which is subsequently introduced to liquid/gas separator 60 by flashing via valve 59 .
- another portion of fully boosted nitrogen 56 is only partially cooled in heat exchanger 10 to form partially cooled boosted nitrogen 78 .
- partially cooled boosted nitrogen 78 is at or above its super critical pressure. Partially cooled boosted nitrogen 78 is then introduced into second turbine 80 in order to expand partially cooled boosted nitrogen 78 to form second expanded nitrogen 82 .
- second expanded nitrogen 82 can have a temperature that is near or below its dew point and a pressure of about 5 to about 6 bar. In one embodiment, second expanded nitrogen 82 is a two phase fluid consisting of gas and liquid phases. In a preferred embodiment, second expanded nitrogen 82 is introduced to liquid/gas separator 60 in order to separate any gaseous nitrogen from liquid nitrogen. Recovered liquid nitrogen 62 is withdrawn from liquid/gas separator 60 and collected as product. In one embodiment, gaseous nitrogen 68 is withdrawn from a top portion of liquid/gas separator 60 and combined with gaseous nitrogen 28 before introduction to the cold side of heat exchanger 10 and subsequently recycled.
- fraction of compressed nitrogen recycle 48 is withdrawn from compressed nitrogen recycle 46 and fed to the warm end of heat exchanger 10 , where fraction of compressed nitrogen recycle 48 is partially cooled before being expanded in first turbine 70 to form first expanded nitrogen 72 .
- first expanded nitrogen 72 is reintroduced to heat exchanger 10 , preferably at an intermediate point, and combined with gaseous nitrogen 28 and subsequently recycled.
- first turbine 70 is connected by a common shaft with first booster 50 and helps to provide the energy needed for first booster 50 to compress compressed nitrogen recycle 46 .
- second turbine 80 is connected by a common shaft with second booster 53 and helps to provide the energy needed for second booster 53 to compress boosted nitrogen 52 .
- first turbine 70 and second turbine 80 provide substantially all of the refrigeration needs for the process.
- First turbine 70 and second turbine 80 produce refrigeration by work expansion. Their respective boosters, first booster 50 and second booster 53 , utilize the produced work to further compress their respective nitrogen streams.
- Fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 can be withdrawn from partially compressed nitrogen recycle 42 and, along with third expanded nitrogen 182 is fed to the warm end of heat exchanger 10 . After exiting the cold end of heat exchanger 10 , fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 is used to provide heat to bottom boiler 21 before being introduced via valve 93 near a top portion of single column 20 (see FIG. 2 ).
- recycle compressor 40 and second recycle compressor 45 are pictured as two different compressors, it is possible to use one compressor and remove fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 from an inner stage of that single compressor.
- the two sections of the nitrogen recycle compressor can be combined on a common shaft with the main air compressor (not shown).
- portion of fully boosted nitrogen 57 is compressed in third booster 153 , cooled in fifth aftercooler 155 to produce supplemental compressed nitrogen 156 , which is then partially cooled in LNG heat exchanger 120 to form partially cooled nitrogen 178 .
- Partially cooled nitrogen 178 is then expanded in third turbine 180 to form third expanded nitrogen 182 , which is then warmed in LNG heat exchanger 120 against natural gas in order to form LNG.
- Production of LNG can be controlled by LNG control valve 122 .
- third expanded nitrogen 182 is then combined with fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 , which is then used as a reboiling fluid within the distillation column (see FIG. 2 ).
- Additional refrigeration for LNG heat exchanger 120 can be provided by removing a fraction of first expanded nitrogen 72 and then warming fraction of first expanded nitrogen 172 within LNG heat exchanger 120 . After warming, fraction of first expanded nitrogen 172 is then combined with gaseous nitrogen 28 to form nitrogen recycle 38 and then recycled back to recycle compressor 40 .
- stream 57 can also be derived from boosted nitrogen 52 or from stream 46 , depending on the splits of power from turbines 70 , 80 and 180 , since these turbines set the pressure ratios of the boosted nitrogen streams. In one embodiment, it is preferred to have the pressures of streams 56 and 156 be elevated, while at the limit of the design pressure of secondary exchanger.
- FIG. 2 a simplified process flow diagram showing the interconnectivity of the LNG refrigeration cycle with the reboiler of the distillation column is provided. It is important to note here that FIG. 2 is a simplified version of the process flow diagram, in which many of the process streams have been removed for easier viewing. For a more detailed look at all of the components of the nitrogen production unit, attention should be drawn to U.S. Pub. 2015/0168057 and U.S. Pat. Pub. 2015/0168058, both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- gaseous nitrogen near the top of single column 20 travels up tube 27 , with a portion being withdrawn as gaseous nitrogen 28 and the rest condensing within top condenser 23 before being reintroduced to single column 20 .
- Oxygen-rich condensing fluid introduced near top condenser 23 provides the needed cooling to condense the nitrogen.
- Waste gaseous oxygen 22 is withdrawn and used to provide refrigeration to heat exchanger 10
- the vapor from the top of condenser 23 is the waste stream of the air distillation process and can be withdrawn through the plant equipment and sent to atmospheric vent.
- the pressure at the condenser 23 can be 1.3-1.5 bara. This pressure and the composition of this waste stream yields a vaporizing temperature of about ⁇ 179° C. in condenser 23 which is thermally linked to the condensing N 2 of stream 27 , resulting in a pressure in column 20 (which is approximately 5 bara).
- Reboiler 21 thermally links the vaporization of the oxygen rich liquid with a condensing nitrogen stream. This vaporizer operates by condensing nitrogen at approximately ⁇ 170° C., thereby setting the pressure of the condensing nitrogen at approximately 9.3 bara.
- Matching the discharge pressure of the third turbine 180 to the pressure of the reboiler can help allow the LNG section and N 2 section to operate more efficiently (i.e., that is with a specific power equal to that of separate independent liquefiers, as well as a significant capex savings (shared recycle compressor and warm turbine booster)).
- the third expanded nitrogen pressure is at a higher level than the suction pressure of the nitrogen recycle compressor, the heat exchange efficiency of the natural gas liquefaction process can be improved. Operating at the ⁇ 9 bara (or ⁇ 8 to 11 bar range) allows the LNG liquefier to operate at its optimum point. But this third expanded nitrogen pressure is limited by the possible condensation of nitrogen at the turbine discharge, facilitated at higher pressure
- ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the air surrounding an object.
- outdoor ambient temperature is generally between about 0 to 110° F. ( ⁇ 18 to 43° C.).
- cryogenic gas if used herein refers to a substance which is normally a gas at ambient temperature that can be converted to a liquid by pressure and/or cooling.
- a cryogenic gas typically has a boiling point of equal to or less than about ⁇ 130° F. ( ⁇ 90° C.) at atmospheric pressure.
- liquefied natural gas or “LNG” as used herein refers to natural gas that is reduced to a liquefied state at or near atmospheric pressure.
- Natural gas refers to raw natural gas or treated natural gas.
- Raw natural gas is primarily comprised of light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, hexanes and impurities like benzene, but may also contain small amounts of non-hydrocarbon impurities, such as nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and traces of helium, carbonyl sulfide, various mercaptans or water.
- Treated natural gas is primarily comprised of methane and ethane, but may also contain small percentages of heavier hydrocarbons, such as propane, butanes and pentanes, as well as small percentages of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
- “Comprising” in a claim is an open transitional term which means the subsequently identified claim elements are a nonexclusive listing (i.e., anything else may be additionally included and remain within the scope of “comprising”). “Comprising” as used herein may be replaced by the more limited transitional terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” unless otherwise indicated herein.
- Providing in a claim is defined to mean furnishing, supplying, making available, or preparing something. The step may be performed by any actor in the absence of express language in the claim to the contrary.
- Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur.
- the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.
- Ranges may be expressed herein as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. When such a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value, along with all combinations within said range.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/201,947 filed on Aug. 6, 2015, U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/305,381 filed on Mar. 8, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/370,953 filed on Aug. 4, 2016, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- The present invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for efficiently producing liquefied natural gas (“LNG”).
- Small scale nitrogen generators (e.g., typically 100 mtd to 400 mtd) are commonly needed at remote locations where the cost of an air separation unit producing O2 and N2 is not required or justified. The nitrogen can be (1) low purity gaseous for utility purposes (e.g., ethane cracker), (2) liquid form for fracking purposes, or (3) higher purity merchant product, particularly in locations such as North Dakota or Alberta. These sites can also have a demand for small quantities of liquefied natural gas, which is often trucked in at a high price. Alternatively, small scale LNG plants could be installed but also result in a high cost of product, thereby making these options uneconomical.
- Therefore, it would be advantageous to provide a method and apparatus that could produce gaseous nitrogen, and/or LIN, while also producing LNG in a more efficient manner.
- The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus that satisfies at least one of these needs. In certain embodiments, the invention can provide a lower cost, more efficient and flexible method to produce LNG. For example, in certain embodiments, the invention can include integration of a nitrogen production facility with an LNG production facility.
- In one embodiment, refrigeration energy from the nitrogen production unit can be partially diverted to be used to liquefy natural gas. In one embodiment, the incoming air and natural gas are cooled in the same heat exchanger. In another embodiment, the liquefaction of the natural gas occurs in a separate heat exchanger. In embodiments in which the liquefaction of natural gas occurs in a second heat exchanger, the invention can also include an additional set of turbine boosters configured to provide additional refrigeration for the LNG heat exchanger. In one embodiment, the discharge pressure of the turbine for the LNG heat exchanger is approximate the column reboiler condensing pressure.
- In one embodiment, a method for the production of liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) and nitrogen is provided. In this embodiment, the method can include the steps of: a) providing a nitrogen production facility, wherein nitrogen production facility comprises: a main heat exchanger, an air separation unit, a nitrogen recycle compressor, a first nitrogen refrigeration supply configured to provide refrigeration to the main heat exchanger for cooling a main air feed; b) providing a secondary refrigeration supply; c) liquefying a natural gas stream using refrigeration from the secondary refrigeration supply to form an LNG product stream; wherein the secondary refrigeration supply is configured to compress and expand a refrigerant to produce refrigeration, wherein the refrigerant of the secondary refrigeration supply is shared with refrigerant of the first nitrogen refrigeration supply.
- In optional embodiments of the method for the production of LNG and nitrogen:
-
- the secondary refrigeration supply comprises a third turbine-booster, wherein the third turbine-booster has a third booster and a third turbine;
- the natural gas stream is liquefied in a secondary heat exchanger;
- the main heat exchanger is configured to receive a main air feed comprising purified and compressed air at a pressure of at least 3 bar, wherein the air separation unit is in fluid communication with a cool side of the main heat exchanger, the air separation unit being configured to receive cooled air from the main heat exchanger and produce gaseous nitrogen and waste oxygen, wherein the air separation unit comprises a single column having a bottom reboiler and a top condenser, wherein the nitrogen recycle compressor is in fluid communication with a warm side of the main heat exchanger such that the nitrogen recycle compressor is configured to receive a nitrogen recycle from the main heat exchanger, wherein at least a portion of the nitrogen recycle is made up of gaseous nitrogen from the air separation unit, wherein the first nitrogen refrigeration supply comprises a first turbine-booster which has a first booster and a first turbine, the first booster in fluid communication with the recycle compressor such that the first booster is configured to receive a compressed nitrogen recycle from the recycle compressor, and wherein the second nitrogen refrigeration supply comprises a second turbine-booster which has a second booster and a second turbine, the second booster in fluid communication with the first booster such that the second booster is configured to receive a boosted nitrogen from the first booster, wherein an outlet of the second booster is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger such that the boosted nitrogen from the second booster is cooled within the heat exchanger, wherein the second turbine is in fluid communication with the heat exchanger such that the second turbine is configured to receive a cooled fluid under pressure from the heat exchanger and then expand the cooled fluid to provide refrigeration for the apparatus;
- the third booster is in fluid communication with the outlet of the second booster such that the third booster is configured to receive a portion of the boosted nitrogen from the outlet of the second booster;
- the method further includes the step of compressing the portion of the boosted nitrogen in the third booster, cooling the portion of the boosted nitrogen in the secondary heat exchanger, expanding the portion of the boosted nitrogen to an expanded pressure PE to form a cold refrigerant, and warming the cold refrigerant in the secondary heat exchanger against the natural gas stream to form a warm refrigerant stream;
- the expanded pressure PE is selected based on a first condition within the air separation unit;
- the first condition includes a pressure of a reboiling fluid configured to provide reboiling duty for the bottom reboiler of the single column;
- the first condition includes the vaporization temperature of bottom liquids surrounding the bottom reboiler of the single column;
- the method further includes the step of cooling the warm refrigerant stream in the main heat exchanger to form a cooled refrigerant stream;
- the cooled refrigerant stream, or a portion derived therefrom, is used to provide reboiling duty to the bottom reboiler of the single column;
- the method further includes the steps of withdrawing a fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle from an internal stage of the nitrogen recycle compressor; introducing the partially compressed nitrogen recycle to the main heat exchanger for cooling before using the partially compressed nitrogen recycle as the heating fluid for the bottom reboiler; and then flashing the partially compressed nitrogen recycle into a top portion of the single column;
- the warm refrigerant stream is combined with the partially compressed nitrogen recycle from the internal stage of the nitrogen recycle compressor prior to cooling in the main heat exchanger;
- the third booster is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first booster such that the third booster is configured to receive a portion of the boosted nitrogen from the outlet of the first booster;
- the third booster is in fluid communication with the outlet of the nitrogen recycle compressor such that the third booster is configured to receive a portion of the boosted nitrogen from the outlet of the nitrogen recycle compressor;
- both the first and the second boosters are in fluid communication with the outlet of the nitrogen recycle compressor such that both the first and second boosters are configured to receive a portion of the boosted nitrogen from the outlet of the nitrogen recycle compressor;
- the second turbine and third turbine are the same turbine;
- the turbine outlet pressure is thermally linked with the reboiler of the single column;
- the method further includes the step of providing a third refrigeration supply, wherein the third refrigeration supply comprises a natural gas expansion turbine; and/or
- the method further includes the step of expanding a high pressure natural gas stream within the natural gas expansion turbine to produce an expanded natural gas stream, and warming the expanded natural gas stream in a secondary heat exchanger.
- These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, claims, and accompanying drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only several embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention's scope as it can admit to other equally effective embodiments.
-
FIG. 1 provides an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 provides an embodiment of the present invention. - While the invention will be described in connection with several embodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all the alternatives, modifications and equivalence as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention defined by the appended claims.
- In one embodiment, the apparatus can include a Main Air Compressor (MAC), an air purification system, heat exchange means, a distillation column, and a nitrogen refrigeration cycle having a nitrogen recycle compressor and warm and cold turbine boosters. In one embodiment, the nitrogen refrigeration cycle provides compression energy for pressurized gaseous nitrogen product as well as refrigeration for both cooling down the incoming air and liquefy nitrogen, as well as providing refrigeration to liquefy the natural gas to LNG. In one embodiment, the warm turbine booster flow can be split to provide refrigeration to both the warm section of the nitrogen portion and the warm section of the LNG portion. In one embodiment, this warm turbine load can serve to supply two refrigeration loads, since both the nitrogen and LNG portion heat exchange cooling curves have similar pressures and temperatures in this warm section.
- In one embodiment, the temperature at the cold end of the nitrogen portion of the heat exchanger can be about −178° C., and the cold end of the LNG portion is about −164° C. In one embodiment, different expanded nitrogen streams at different pressures and coming from different turbines are used to liquefy the LNG as compared to cool the incoming air and liquefy nitrogen. This is preferably done since the temperature differences and cooling curve differences make it less efficient to use the same turbine for both nitrogen and LNG exchangers. Also, if the separate cold turbine for the LNG portion is simply warmed up and uses the same pressure profile (for integration in to suction of the same Recycle compressor) then the process is not optimized.
- In one embodiment, warming the cold end of the LNG exchanger is achieved by reducing the turbine pressure ratio. In one embodiment, the turbine discharge pressure can be increased to ˜10 bar to match the pressure for condensing in the column reboiler and the intermediate stage of the recycle compressor. This significantly reduces the flow rate at the first stage of the recycle compressor, and also improves the efficiency of the natural gas liquefaction, therefore both reducing power and cost.
- In one embodiment, the method can include integrating a natural gas letdown system with a closed loop nitrogen refrigeration cycle. In this embodiment, the natural gas letdown essentially provides “free” refrigeration energy since the natural gas would have been alternatively letdown across a valve (i.e., the resulting drop in temperature of the natural gas would have been absorbed by the surroundings and would not have been recovered in any meaningful way). With the addition of a natural gas turbine booster and dryer (i.e., purification unit), LNG can be co-produced with a significant power savings, while also reducing the size of the nitrogen refrigeration cycle.
- Referring to
FIG. 1 , a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the current invention is shown. InFIG. 1 ,main air feed 2, which has already been purified and compressed to a pressure of about 5 to about 6 bar, is introduced toheat exchanger 10 and cooled down to a temperature near its dew point or lower to form fully cooledair feed 12. Fully cooledair feed 12 is then introduced toair separation unit 19, in order to separate the various components of air. Wastegaseous oxygen 22 is recovered fromair separation unit 19 and is passed through the cold side ofheat exchanger 10 in order to provide cooling toheat exchanger 10. After exitingheat exchanger 10, wastegaseous oxygen 22 can be vented to the atmosphere, used to regenerate the air adsorbers (not shown) or sent to a system of columns (not shown) if recovery of the oxygen is desired. -
Gaseous nitrogen 28 is also withdrawn fromair separation unit 19 and passed through the cold side ofheat exchanger 10 to provide additional cooling. However, instead of venting to the atmosphere,gaseous nitrogen 28 can be recycled in the process. Nitrogen recycle 38 exitsmain heat exchanger 10 and is introduced to recyclecompressor 40 and compressed to form compressednitrogen recycle 46. In one embodiment, if gaseous nitrogen is desired, a portion of compressed nitrogen recycle 46 can be removed and collected asgaseous nitrogen product 47. Compressed nitrogen recycle 46 is then cooled insecond aftercooler 43 before being boosted infirst booster 50 and cooled inthird aftercooler 51 to form boostednitrogen 52. Boostednitrogen 52 is then introduced tosecond booster 53 in order to further compress boostednitrogen 52 before being cooled infourth aftercooler 55 to form fully boostednitrogen 56. In one embodiment fully boostednitrogen 56 can be at ambient temperature and a pressure of about 45 to about 65 bar prior to enteringheat exchanger 10. - Fully boosted
nitrogen 56 is then introduced toheat exchanger 10 for cooling. In one embodiment, one portion of fully boostednitrogen 56 is fully cooled inheat exchanger 10 to form liquefiednitrogen 58, which is subsequently introduced to liquid/gas separator 60 by flashing viavalve 59. In another embodiment, another portion of fully boostednitrogen 56 is only partially cooled inheat exchanger 10 to form partially cooled boostednitrogen 78. In one embodiment, partially cooled boostednitrogen 78 is at or above its super critical pressure. Partially cooled boostednitrogen 78 is then introduced intosecond turbine 80 in order to expand partially cooled boostednitrogen 78 to form second expandednitrogen 82. In one embodiment, second expandednitrogen 82 can have a temperature that is near or below its dew point and a pressure of about 5 to about 6 bar. In one embodiment, second expandednitrogen 82 is a two phase fluid consisting of gas and liquid phases. In a preferred embodiment, second expandednitrogen 82 is introduced to liquid/gas separator 60 in order to separate any gaseous nitrogen from liquid nitrogen. Recoveredliquid nitrogen 62 is withdrawn from liquid/gas separator 60 and collected as product. In one embodiment,gaseous nitrogen 68 is withdrawn from a top portion of liquid/gas separator 60 and combined withgaseous nitrogen 28 before introduction to the cold side ofheat exchanger 10 and subsequently recycled. - In one embodiment, fraction of compressed nitrogen recycle 48 is withdrawn from compressed nitrogen recycle 46 and fed to the warm end of
heat exchanger 10, where fraction of compressed nitrogen recycle 48 is partially cooled before being expanded infirst turbine 70 to form first expandednitrogen 72. In one embodiment, first expandednitrogen 72 is reintroduced toheat exchanger 10, preferably at an intermediate point, and combined withgaseous nitrogen 28 and subsequently recycled. In one embodiment,first turbine 70 is connected by a common shaft withfirst booster 50 and helps to provide the energy needed forfirst booster 50 to compress compressednitrogen recycle 46. Likewise,second turbine 80 is connected by a common shaft withsecond booster 53 and helps to provide the energy needed forsecond booster 53 to compress boostednitrogen 52. In one embodiment,first turbine 70 andsecond turbine 80 provide substantially all of the refrigeration needs for the process. -
First turbine 70 andsecond turbine 80 produce refrigeration by work expansion. Their respective boosters,first booster 50 andsecond booster 53, utilize the produced work to further compress their respective nitrogen streams. - Fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 can be withdrawn from partially compressed nitrogen recycle 42 and, along with third expanded
nitrogen 182 is fed to the warm end ofheat exchanger 10. After exiting the cold end ofheat exchanger 10, fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 is used to provide heat tobottom boiler 21 before being introduced viavalve 93 near a top portion of single column 20 (seeFIG. 2 ). Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that even thoughrecycle compressor 40 andsecond recycle compressor 45 are pictured as two different compressors, it is possible to use one compressor and remove fraction of partially compressed nitrogen recycle 44 from an inner stage of that single compressor. In another embodiment, the two sections of the nitrogen recycle compressor can be combined on a common shaft with the main air compressor (not shown). - In the embodiment shown, portion of fully boosted
nitrogen 57 is compressed inthird booster 153, cooled infifth aftercooler 155 to produce supplementalcompressed nitrogen 156, which is then partially cooled inLNG heat exchanger 120 to form partially coolednitrogen 178. Partially coolednitrogen 178 is then expanded inthird turbine 180 to form third expandednitrogen 182, which is then warmed inLNG heat exchanger 120 against natural gas in order to form LNG. Production of LNG can be controlled byLNG control valve 122. After warming, third expandednitrogen 182 is then combined with fraction of partially compressednitrogen recycle 44, which is then used as a reboiling fluid within the distillation column (seeFIG. 2 ). Additional refrigeration forLNG heat exchanger 120 can be provided by removing a fraction of first expandednitrogen 72 and then warming fraction of first expandednitrogen 172 withinLNG heat exchanger 120. After warming, fraction of first expandednitrogen 172 is then combined withgaseous nitrogen 28 to form nitrogen recycle 38 and then recycled back to recyclecompressor 40. - In one embodiment,
stream 57 can also be derived from boostednitrogen 52 or fromstream 46, depending on the splits of power fromturbines streams - Regarding
FIG. 2 , a simplified process flow diagram showing the interconnectivity of the LNG refrigeration cycle with the reboiler of the distillation column is provided. It is important to note here thatFIG. 2 is a simplified version of the process flow diagram, in which many of the process streams have been removed for easier viewing. For a more detailed look at all of the components of the nitrogen production unit, attention should be drawn to U.S. Pub. 2015/0168057 and U.S. Pat. Pub. 2015/0168058, both of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. - In
FIG. 2 , gaseous nitrogen near the top ofsingle column 20 travels uptube 27, with a portion being withdrawn asgaseous nitrogen 28 and the rest condensing withintop condenser 23 before being reintroduced tosingle column 20. Oxygen-rich condensing fluid introduced neartop condenser 23 provides the needed cooling to condense the nitrogen. Wastegaseous oxygen 22 is withdrawn and used to provide refrigeration toheat exchanger 10 - The vapor from the top of
condenser 23 is the waste stream of the air distillation process and can be withdrawn through the plant equipment and sent to atmospheric vent. The pressure at thecondenser 23 can be 1.3-1.5 bara. This pressure and the composition of this waste stream yields a vaporizing temperature of about −179° C. incondenser 23 which is thermally linked to the condensing N2 ofstream 27, resulting in a pressure in column 20 (which is approximately 5 bara).Reboiler 21 thermally links the vaporization of the oxygen rich liquid with a condensing nitrogen stream. This vaporizer operates by condensing nitrogen at approximately −170° C., thereby setting the pressure of the condensing nitrogen at approximately 9.3 bara. - Matching the discharge pressure of the
third turbine 180 to the pressure of the reboiler can help allow the LNG section and N2 section to operate more efficiently (i.e., that is with a specific power equal to that of separate independent liquefiers, as well as a significant capex savings (shared recycle compressor and warm turbine booster)). As mentioned before, if the third expanded nitrogen pressure is at a higher level than the suction pressure of the nitrogen recycle compressor, the heat exchange efficiency of the natural gas liquefaction process can be improved. Operating at the ˜9 bara (or ˜8 to 11 bar range) allows the LNG liquefier to operate at its optimum point. But this third expanded nitrogen pressure is limited by the possible condensation of nitrogen at the turbine discharge, facilitated at higher pressure - The term “ambient temperature” if used herein refers to the temperature of the air surrounding an object. Typically the outdoor ambient temperature is generally between about 0 to 110° F. (−18 to 43° C.).
- The term “cryogenic gas” if used herein refers to a substance which is normally a gas at ambient temperature that can be converted to a liquid by pressure and/or cooling. A cryogenic gas typically has a boiling point of equal to or less than about −130° F. (−90° C.) at atmospheric pressure.
- The terms “liquefied natural gas” or “LNG” as used herein refers to natural gas that is reduced to a liquefied state at or near atmospheric pressure.
- The term “natural gas” as used herein refers to raw natural gas or treated natural gas. Raw natural gas is primarily comprised of light hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, hexanes and impurities like benzene, but may also contain small amounts of non-hydrocarbon impurities, such as nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and traces of helium, carbonyl sulfide, various mercaptans or water. Treated natural gas is primarily comprised of methane and ethane, but may also contain small percentages of heavier hydrocarbons, such as propane, butanes and pentanes, as well as small percentages of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
- While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims. The present invention may suitably comprise, consist or consist essentially of the elements disclosed and may be practiced in the absence of an element not disclosed. Furthermore, if there is language referring to order, such as first and second, it should be understood in an exemplary sense and not in a limiting sense. For example, it can be recognized by those skilled in the art that certain steps can be combined into a single step.
- The singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
- “Comprising” in a claim is an open transitional term which means the subsequently identified claim elements are a nonexclusive listing (i.e., anything else may be additionally included and remain within the scope of “comprising”). “Comprising” as used herein may be replaced by the more limited transitional terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of” unless otherwise indicated herein.
- “Providing” in a claim is defined to mean furnishing, supplying, making available, or preparing something. The step may be performed by any actor in the absence of express language in the claim to the contrary.
- Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur. The description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur.
- Ranges may be expressed herein as from about one particular value, and/or to about another particular value. When such a range is expressed, it is to be understood that another embodiment is from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value, along with all combinations within said range.
- All references identified herein are each hereby incorporated by reference into this application in their entireties, as well as for the specific information for which each is cited.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/230,049 US20170038137A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2016-08-05 | Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201562201947P | 2015-08-06 | 2015-08-06 | |
US201662305381P | 2016-03-08 | 2016-03-08 | |
US201662370953P | 2016-08-04 | 2016-08-04 | |
US15/230,049 US20170038137A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2016-08-05 | Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20170038137A1 true US20170038137A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
Family
ID=59215412
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US15/230,049 Abandoned US20170038137A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 | 2016-08-05 | Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170038137A1 (en) |
Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20170100696A1 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method of producing nitrogen-depleted gas, method of producing nitrogen-enriched gas, method of nitrogen separation, and system of nitrogen separation |
WO2018200714A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-01 | Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership | Apparatus, system and method for reliquefaction of previously regasified lng |
US10815764B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-10-27 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US10895202B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-01-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US10954770B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-03-23 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US10961908B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-03-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US10968837B1 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2021-04-06 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods utilizing turbine compressor discharge for hydrostatic manifold purge |
US10989180B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-04-27 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11002481B2 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2021-05-11 | Sustainable Energy Solutions, Inc. | Method for removing a foulant from a gas stream without external refrigeration |
US11002189B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-05-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11015536B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-05-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for supplying fuel to gas turbine engines |
US11015594B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-05-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and method for use of single mass flywheel alongside torsional vibration damper assembly for single acting reciprocating pump |
US11022526B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-06-01 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring a condition of a fracturing component section of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11028677B1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-06-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
US11066915B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-07-20 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods for detection and mitigation of well screen out |
US11098651B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-08-24 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Turbine engine exhaust duct system and methods for noise dampening and attenuation |
US11109508B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-08-31 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Enclosure assembly for enhanced cooling of direct drive unit and related methods |
US11111768B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-09-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Drive equipment and methods for mobile fracturing transportation platforms |
US11125066B1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-09-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11149533B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2021-10-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems to monitor, detect, and/or intervene relative to cavitation and pulsation events during a hydraulic fracturing operation |
US11193360B1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-12-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11208953B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11208880B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Bi-fuel reciprocating engine to power direct drive turbine fracturing pumps onboard auxiliary systems and related methods |
US11220895B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-01-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11236739B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11268346B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-03-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems |
US11408794B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-08-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11415125B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-08-16 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems for utilization of a hydraulic fracturing unit profile to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11428165B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2022-08-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Onboard heater of auxiliary systems using exhaust gases and associated methods |
US11473413B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-10-18 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to autonomously operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US20230013885A1 (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-19 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Integrated multicomponent refrigerant and air separation process for producing liquid oxygen |
US11560845B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2023-01-24 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11624326B2 (en) | 2017-05-21 | 2023-04-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for supplying fuel to gas turbine engines |
US11635074B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-04-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Cover for fluid systems and related methods |
US11639654B2 (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2023-05-02 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Hydraulic fracturing pumps to enhance flow of fracturing fluid into wellheads and related methods |
US11867118B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2024-01-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for supplying fuel to gas turbine engines |
US11933153B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2024-03-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate hydraulic fracturing units using automatic flow rate and/or pressure control |
US11939853B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2024-03-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods providing a configurable staged rate increase function to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11952878B2 (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2024-04-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060218967A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Patrick Le Bot | Integrated process and apparatus for the separation of air |
WO2013057314A2 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Single Buoy Moorings Inc. | Multi nitrogen expansion process for lng production |
US20150168058A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Apparatus for producing liquid nitrogen |
-
2016
- 2016-08-05 US US15/230,049 patent/US20170038137A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060218967A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Patrick Le Bot | Integrated process and apparatus for the separation of air |
WO2013057314A2 (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2013-04-25 | Single Buoy Moorings Inc. | Multi nitrogen expansion process for lng production |
US20150168058A1 (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour I'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Apparatus for producing liquid nitrogen |
Cited By (141)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10449485B2 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2019-10-22 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method of producing nitrogen-depleted gas, method of producing nitrogen-enriched gas, method of nitrogen separation, and system of nitrogen separation |
US20170100696A1 (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method of producing nitrogen-depleted gas, method of producing nitrogen-enriched gas, method of nitrogen separation, and system of nitrogen separation |
US11002481B2 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2021-05-11 | Sustainable Energy Solutions, Inc. | Method for removing a foulant from a gas stream without external refrigeration |
WO2018200714A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-01 | Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership | Apparatus, system and method for reliquefaction of previously regasified lng |
US11624326B2 (en) | 2017-05-21 | 2023-04-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for supplying fuel to gas turbine engines |
US11560845B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2023-01-24 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11149726B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-10-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and method for use of single mass flywheel alongside torsional vibration damper assembly for single acting reciprocating pump |
US10982596B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-04-20 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US10961912B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-03-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11473503B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-10-18 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11725583B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-08-15 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US10989180B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-04-27 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11613980B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-03-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US11002189B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-05-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11015536B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-05-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for supplying fuel to gas turbine engines |
US11015594B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-05-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and method for use of single mass flywheel alongside torsional vibration damper assembly for single acting reciprocating pump |
US11512642B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-11-29 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11867118B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2024-01-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for supplying fuel to gas turbine engines |
US11859482B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2024-01-02 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11060455B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-07-13 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11852001B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-12-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US11555756B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-01-17 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11092152B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-08-17 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and method for use of single mass flywheel alongside torsional vibration damper assembly for single acting reciprocating pump |
US11098651B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-08-24 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Turbine engine exhaust duct system and methods for noise dampening and attenuation |
US11560848B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-01-24 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods for noise dampening and attenuation of turbine engine |
US11767791B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-09-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US10907459B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-02-02 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US11761846B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-09-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11608725B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-03-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US11578660B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-02-14 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11346280B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-05-31 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11530602B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-12-20 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11401865B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-08-02 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11719234B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-08-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and method for use of single mass flywheel alongside torsional vibration damper assembly for single acting reciprocating pump |
US11473997B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-10-18 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11156159B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-10-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US10895202B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2021-01-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11598263B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-03-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11460368B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-10-04 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11655763B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-05-23 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11236739B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11649766B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-05-16 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11619122B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-04-04 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US11629584B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-04-18 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Power sources and transmission networks for auxiliary equipment onboard hydraulic fracturing units and associated methods |
US11268346B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-03-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems |
US10815764B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-10-27 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for operating a fleet of pumps |
US11280331B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-03-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and method for use of single mass flywheel alongside torsional vibration damper assembly for single acting reciprocating pump |
US11280266B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-03-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Mobile gas turbine inlet air conditioning system and associated methods |
US11287350B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-03-29 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection methods |
US11459954B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-10-04 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Turbine engine exhaust duct system and methods for noise dampening and attenuation |
US11415056B1 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-08-16 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Turbine engine exhaust duct system and methods for noise dampening and attenuation |
US11604113B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2023-03-14 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11408794B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-08-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Fuel, communications, and power connection systems and related methods |
US11319878B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2022-05-03 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Direct drive unit removal system and associated methods |
US11635074B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-04-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Cover for fluid systems and related methods |
US11708829B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2023-07-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Cover for fluid systems and related methods |
US10968837B1 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2021-04-06 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods utilizing turbine compressor discharge for hydrostatic manifold purge |
US11898504B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2024-02-13 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods utilizing turbine compressor discharge for hydrostatic manifold purge |
US11698028B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2023-07-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Onboard heater of auxiliary systems using exhaust gases and associated methods |
US11542868B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2023-01-03 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Onboard heater of auxiliary systems using exhaust gases and associated methods |
US11434820B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2022-09-06 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Onboard heater of auxiliary systems using exhaust gases and associated methods |
US11428165B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2022-08-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Onboard heater of auxiliary systems using exhaust gases and associated methods |
US11624321B2 (en) | 2020-05-15 | 2023-04-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Onboard heater of auxiliary systems using exhaust gases and associated methods |
US11208880B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Bi-fuel reciprocating engine to power direct drive turbine fracturing pumps onboard auxiliary systems and related methods |
US11814940B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2023-11-14 | Bj Energy Solutions Llc | Bi-fuel reciprocating engine to power direct drive turbine fracturing pumps onboard auxiliary systems and related methods |
US11313213B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2022-04-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Bi-fuel reciprocating engine to power direct drive turbine fracturing pumps onboard auxiliary systems and related methods |
US11603745B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2023-03-14 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Bi-fuel reciprocating engine to power direct drive turbine fracturing pumps onboard auxiliary systems and related methods |
US11365616B1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2022-06-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Bi-fuel reciprocating engine to power direct drive turbine fracturing pumps onboard auxiliary systems and related methods |
US11208953B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11378008B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2022-07-05 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11300050B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2022-04-12 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11598264B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2023-03-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11723171B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2023-08-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Enclosure assembly for enhanced cooling of direct drive unit and related methods |
US11746698B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2023-09-05 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11129295B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-09-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Enclosure assembly for enhanced cooling of direct drive unit and related methods |
US11109508B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-08-31 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Enclosure assembly for enhanced cooling of direct drive unit and related methods |
US11627683B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2023-04-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Enclosure assembly for enhanced cooling of direct drive unit and related methods |
US11891952B2 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2024-02-06 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US10961908B1 (en) | 2020-06-05 | 2021-03-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to enhance intake air flow to a gas turbine engine of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11208881B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for detection and mitigation of well screen out |
US10954770B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-03-23 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11643915B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2023-05-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Drive equipment and methods for mobile fracturing transportation platforms |
US11939854B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2024-03-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods for detection and mitigation of well screen out |
US11512570B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2022-11-29 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11174716B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-11-16 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Drive equipment and methods for mobile fracturing transportation platforms |
US11566506B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2023-01-31 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods for detection and mitigation of well screen out |
US11629583B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2023-04-18 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11261717B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2022-03-01 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11085281B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-08-10 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11015423B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-05-25 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11319791B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2022-05-03 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods and systems for detection and mitigation of well screen out |
US11867046B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2024-01-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11022526B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-06-01 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring a condition of a fracturing component section of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11339638B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2022-05-24 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods for exchanging fracturing components of a hydraulic fracturing unit |
US11111768B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-09-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Drive equipment and methods for mobile fracturing transportation platforms |
US11066915B1 (en) | 2020-06-09 | 2021-07-20 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods for detection and mitigation of well screen out |
US11028677B1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-06-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
US11236598B1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2022-02-01 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
US11408263B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2022-08-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11598188B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-03-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
US11125066B1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-09-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11732565B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-08-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11572774B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-02-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11898429B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2024-02-13 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11933153B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2024-03-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate hydraulic fracturing units using automatic flow rate and/or pressure control |
US11208879B1 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2021-12-28 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
US11639655B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2023-05-02 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to operate a dual-shaft gas turbine engine for hydraulic fracturing |
US11939853B2 (en) | 2020-06-22 | 2024-03-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods providing a configurable staged rate increase function to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11649820B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2023-05-16 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods of utilization of a hydraulic fracturing unit profile to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11719085B1 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2023-08-08 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to autonomously operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11428218B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-08-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods of utilization of a hydraulic fracturing unit profile to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11661832B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2023-05-30 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to autonomously operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11466680B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-10-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods of utilization of a hydraulic fracturing unit profile to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11473413B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-10-18 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to autonomously operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11566505B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2023-01-31 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to autonomously operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11939974B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2024-03-26 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods of utilization of a hydraulic fracturing unit profile to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11415125B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 | 2022-08-16 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems for utilization of a hydraulic fracturing unit profile to operate hydraulic fracturing units |
US11506040B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-11-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11542802B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-01-03 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Hydraulic fracturing control assembly to detect pump cavitation or pulsation |
US11512571B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-11-29 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11220895B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-01-11 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11274537B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-03-15 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Method to detect and intervene relative to cavitation and pulsation events during a hydraulic fracturing operation |
US11149533B1 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2021-10-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems to monitor, detect, and/or intervene relative to cavitation and pulsation events during a hydraulic fracturing operation |
US11746638B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-09-05 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11299971B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-04-12 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | System of controlling a hydraulic fracturing pump or blender using cavitation or pulsation detection |
US11692422B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-07-04 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | System to monitor cavitation or pulsation events during a hydraulic fracturing operation |
US11391137B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-07-19 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Systems and methods to monitor, detect, and/or intervene relative to cavitation and pulsation events during a hydraulic fracturing operation |
US11668175B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-06-06 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11255174B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2022-02-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Automated diagnostics of electronic instrumentation in a system for fracturing a well and associated methods |
US11193360B1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-12-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11603744B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2023-03-14 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11608727B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2023-03-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11365615B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2022-06-21 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11920450B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2024-03-05 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11255175B1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2022-02-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11193361B1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-12-07 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Methods, systems, and devices to enhance fracturing fluid delivery to subsurface formations during high-pressure fracturing operations |
US11867045B2 (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2024-01-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Hydraulic fracturing pumps to enhance flow of fracturing fluid into wellheads and related methods |
US11732563B2 (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2023-08-22 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Hydraulic fracturing pumps to enhance flow of fracturing fluid into wellheads and related methods |
US11639654B2 (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2023-05-02 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Hydraulic fracturing pumps to enhance flow of fracturing fluid into wellheads and related methods |
US20230013885A1 (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-01-19 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Integrated multicomponent refrigerant and air separation process for producing liquid oxygen |
US11952878B2 (en) | 2022-11-30 | 2024-04-09 | Bj Energy Solutions, Llc | Stage profiles for operations of hydraulic systems and associated methods |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20170038137A1 (en) | Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen | |
AU2017305523B2 (en) | Integration of industrial gas site with liquid hydrogen production | |
CN105043011B (en) | Integrated nitrogen removal with intermediate feed gas separation in the production of liquefied natural gas | |
CA2887150C (en) | Integrated nitrogen removal in the production of liquefied natural gas using dedicated reinjection circuit | |
US10539363B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream | |
US4622053A (en) | Separation of hydrocarbon mixtures | |
US10634426B2 (en) | Method to produce liquefied natural gas (LNG) at midstream natural gas liquids (NGLs) recovery plants | |
US20130340472A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for liquefaction of co2 | |
US20160231053A1 (en) | Process and apparatus for producing gaseous oxygen by cryogenic distillation of air | |
KR102488158B1 (en) | Lng production with nitrogen removal | |
US10024595B2 (en) | System and method for cryogenic purification of a feed stream comprising hydrogen, methane, nitrogen and argon | |
US20150168057A1 (en) | Process for producing liquid nitrogen | |
US10612842B2 (en) | LNG integration with cryogenic unit | |
US10415879B2 (en) | Process for purifying natural gas and liquefying carbon dioxide | |
US10295252B2 (en) | System and method for providing refrigeration to a cryogenic separation unit | |
GB2146751A (en) | Separation of hydrocarbon mixtures | |
WO2017157817A1 (en) | Method for separating of an ethane-rich fraction from natural gas | |
US20150168056A1 (en) | Method For Producing Pressurized Gaseous Oxygen Through The Cryogenic Separation Of Air | |
US10006699B2 (en) | Method for denitrogenation of natural gas with or without helium recovery | |
KR20230034899A (en) | Integrated nitrogen rejection for liquefaction of natural gas |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AIR LIQUIDE GLOBAL E&C SOLUTIONS US INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TURNEY, MICHAEL A.;REEL/FRAME:048846/0919 Effective date: 20160425 Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EX Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AIR LIQUIDE GLOBAL E&C SOLUTIONS US INC.;REEL/FRAME:048847/0645 Effective date: 20160804 Owner name: AIR LIQUIDE GLOBAL E&C SOLUTIONS US INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TURNEY, MICHAEL A.;REEL/FRAME:048847/0423 Effective date: 20170103 Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EX Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AIR LIQUIDE GLOBAL E&C SOLUTIONS US INC.;REEL/FRAME:048847/0492 Effective date: 20170103 Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE SOCIETE ANONYME POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EX Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AIR LIQUIDE GLOBAL E&C SOLUTIONS US INC.;REEL/FRAME:048847/0106 Effective date: 20160411 Owner name: AIR LIQUIDE GLOBAL E&C SOLUTIONS US INC., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TURNEY, MICHAEL A.;REEL/FRAME:048847/0534 Effective date: 20160804 |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER |
|
STPP | Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general |
Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |