WO2017004796A1 - 一种随机接入方法、系统及终端设备 - Google Patents

一种随机接入方法、系统及终端设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017004796A1
WO2017004796A1 PCT/CN2015/083498 CN2015083498W WO2017004796A1 WO 2017004796 A1 WO2017004796 A1 WO 2017004796A1 CN 2015083498 W CN2015083498 W CN 2015083498W WO 2017004796 A1 WO2017004796 A1 WO 2017004796A1
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Prior art keywords
data packet
starting point
channel
accessed
time slot
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PCT/CN2015/083498
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李彦淳
李云波
罗毅
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to CN201580081078.3A priority Critical patent/CN107710860B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/083498 priority patent/WO2017004796A1/zh
Publication of WO2017004796A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017004796A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a random access method, system, and terminal device.
  • Wireless communication systems provide a variety of access mechanisms, including random access mechanisms.
  • the channel resources are for all user terminals, and the user terminals need to compete for the right to use channel resources.
  • the components of the WLAN include a station (Station, referred to as STA), an access point (AP), and a wireless medium (WM).
  • STA station
  • AP access point
  • WM wireless medium
  • the STA needs to send a random access packet to the AP through the WM.
  • the STA sends a random access packet, it first senses the state of the common channel. When the common channel is idle, the STA sends a random access packet at the first specified time.
  • the random access packet is sent at the first specified time, and the random access packet is postponed, for example, the random access packet is sent again at a second specified time later than the first specified time.
  • the random access packet contains a physical layer header and STA data.
  • the physical layer header includes a reference signal, and the AP can perform reception synchronization and channel estimation according to the reference signal, and receive STA data on the estimated channel.
  • the STA data cannot be aligned on the channel resources because the transmission time of the random access packets is different. Therefore, the AP needs to separately synchronize the signals of the sites, which is difficult and costly, and the STA is difficult. It is also impossible to transmit STA data by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA).
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method, system, and terminal device.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a random access method comprising:
  • the first station STA After receiving the first indication frame broadcast by the access node AP, the first station STA determines a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a starting point of the contention to be transmitted in the current access period; the first indication And a frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period, where the interception start point is earlier than the data packet sending start point, and the interception start point is separated from the data packet sending start point by one or more time slots;
  • the contention starting point of the contention signal When the contention starting point of the contention signal is located between the interception starting point and the data packet sending start point, and is separated from the interception starting point and the data packet sending start point by at least one time slot respectively, Listening to the to-be-accessed channel in a time slot; the first time slot is in a time slot between the interception starting point and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted, and is close to the starting point of the contention signal to be sent Time slot
  • a contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted until the data packet transmission start point ends, and from the The data packet transmission start point starts to send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the to-be-accessed channel is occupied.
  • the method further includes:
  • the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the interception until the starting point of the data packet transmission ends, and from the The data packet transmission starting point starts to send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel.
  • the method further includes:
  • the channel to be accessed is intercepted in the second time slot;
  • the second time slot is, the listening starting point and the a time slot adjacent to the start of transmission of the data packet in a number of time slots spaced between the start of transmission of the data packet;
  • the data packet is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the determining a listening starting point of the current access period includes:
  • the listening start point is obtained by adding the time of receiving the first indication frame to the specified waiting time.
  • the determining a starting point of a contention to be transmitted includes:
  • the waiting time corresponding to the highest priority data packet is equal to the specified waiting time length
  • the method further includes:
  • the second indication frame is used to indicate a number of time slots between the interception starting point and the data packet sending start point.
  • the method before the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted, the method further includes:
  • the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted.
  • the first indication frame is further used to indicate multiple channels to be accessed
  • the intercepting the to-be-accessed channel in the first time slot includes:
  • Broadcasting the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted including:
  • the contention signal is broadcast on the selected channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted.
  • the data packet includes header information and data information
  • Sending a data packet to the AP by using the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet sending including:
  • the header information is sent through all subchannels of the to-be-accessed channel at the beginning of the data packet transmission, and the data information is sent to the AP through the selected subchannel.
  • the contention signal is further used to indicate a subchannel that transmits data information
  • the method further includes:
  • the method before the determining the channel to be accessed in the current access period, the method further includes:
  • the NAV message is used to indicate a channel occupied by the second STA and an occupation time; wherein the determined to-be-accessed channel starts from the determined starting point of the contention signal to be sent Not occupied by the second STA.
  • the determining a channel to be accessed in a current access period includes:
  • the end time of the specified time period is a start time of the first indication frame broadcast by the AP;
  • the contention signal is generated by a short training domain.
  • a random access method comprising:
  • the third station STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and is not less than 1;
  • the listening starting point is earlier than the data packet sending starting point, Detective a time slot between the listening start point and the starting point of the data packet transmission;
  • a contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the beginning of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission end, and the to-be-taken is started from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the inbound channel sends the to-be-sent data packet to the AP; the contention signal is used to indicate that the to-be-accessed channel is occupied.
  • the method further includes:
  • the channel to be accessed is intercepted in a first time slot starting from the listening start point;
  • M-1 is updated to M-2;
  • the to-be-accessed The contention signal is broadcasted on the channel until the start of the data packet transmission end, and the data packet to be transmitted is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the method further includes:
  • the to-be-sent is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the next time slot of the first time slot is used to access the to-be-accessed channel. Listening.
  • the method further includes:
  • the first time slot is separated from the data packet transmission start point by at least one time slot, in the first time slot
  • the next time slot is to listen to the channel to be accessed.
  • a terminal device where the terminal device includes:
  • a determining module configured to determine, after receiving the first indication frame broadcast by the access node AP, a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a starting point of the contention to be sent in the current access period;
  • the indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period, the interception start point is earlier than the data packet transmission start point, and the interception start point is separated from the data packet transmission start point by one or more time slots.
  • a first intercepting module configured to: when the contention starting point of the contention signal is located at the listening starting point and the Listening to the to-be-accessed channel in the first time slot when the data packet transmission start point is separated from the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point by at least one time slot; a time slot is a time slot in the time slot between the interception starting point and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted, which is close to the time slot of the contention to be transmitted starting point;
  • a first sending module configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied, broadcast a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted, until the data packet is sent The starting point is ended, and a data packet is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the to-be-accessed channel is occupied.
  • the first sending module is further configured to:
  • the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the interception until the starting point of the data packet transmission ends, and from the The data packet transmission starting point starts to send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel.
  • the first listening module is further configured to:
  • the channel to be accessed is intercepted in the second time slot;
  • the second time slot is, the listening starting point and the a time slot adjacent to the start of transmission of the data packet in a number of time slots spaced between the start of transmission of the data packet;
  • the first sending module is further configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied, send a data packet to the AP by using the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet sending.
  • the determining module is configured to:
  • the listening start point is obtained by adding the time of receiving the first indication frame to the specified waiting time.
  • the determining module is configured to:
  • the waiting time is long, and the waiting time corresponding to the highest priority packet is equal to the specified waiting time;
  • the device further includes:
  • a first receiving module configured to receive a second indication frame broadcast by the AP, where the second indication frame is used And a number of time slots indicating an interval between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point.
  • the first sending module is further configured to:
  • the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted.
  • the first indication frame is further used to indicate multiple channels to be accessed
  • the first intercepting module is configured to: when the contention starting point of the contention signal is located between the listening starting point and the data packet sending start point, and respectively, the listening starting point and the data packet sending starting point Listening to the multiple channels to be accessed in the first time slot when at least one time slot is interrupted;
  • the first sending module is configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied, according to a listening result of the multiple to-be-accessed channels in the first time slot, Selecting one of the plurality of to-be-accessed channels; broadcasting the contention signal on the selected channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted.
  • the data packet includes header information and data information
  • the first sending module is configured to select one of the subchannels included in the to-be-accessed channel, and send the first subchannel through the to-be-accessed channel starting from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the header information is sent to the AP by the selected subchannel.
  • the contention signal is further used to indicate a subchannel for transmitting data information
  • the first sending module is further configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-accessed channel is occupied, parsing a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel to determine sending data information indicated by the contention signal a subchannel; selecting one subchannel from the plurality of subchannels included in the to-be-accessed channel, the selected subchannel being different from the subchannel transmitting the data information indicated by the contention signal; starting from the contention of the contention signal And starting to broadcast the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel until the data packet transmission starting point ends, and sending a data packet to the AP through the selected subchannel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the determining module is further configured to:
  • the first receiving module is further configured to:
  • the NAV message is used to indicate a channel occupied by the second STA and an occupation time; wherein the determined to-be-accessed channel starts from the determined starting point of the contention signal to be sent Not occupied by the second STA.
  • the first listening module is further configured to:
  • the end time of the specified time period is a start time of the first indication frame broadcast by the AP;
  • the determining module is configured to determine, according to a listening result of each of the access channels, an unoccupied access channel in each access channel of the AP, and use the unoccupied access channel as the The channel to be accessed for the current access period.
  • the contention signal is generated by a short training domain.
  • a fourth aspect provides a terminal device, where the terminal device includes:
  • a generating module configured to generate a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and not less than 1;
  • a second receiving module configured to receive a first indication frame broadcast by the access node AP, where the first indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period;
  • an update module configured to update the backoff value M to M-1, and determine a to-be-accessed channel, a listening starting point, and a data packet sending starting point of the current access period; the listening starting point is earlier than the data a packet transmission starting point, where the listening starting point is separated from the data packet sending starting point by a plurality of time slots;
  • a second sending module configured to: when the M-1 is 0, broadcast a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the interception starting point, until the data packet sending start point ends, and send the data packet from the data packet The starting point starts to send the to-be-sent data packet to the AP by using the to-be-accessed channel; the contention signal is used to indicate that the to-be-accessed channel is occupied.
  • the terminal device further includes a second interception module, where the second interception module is configured to:
  • the channel to be accessed is intercepted in a first time slot starting from the listening start point;
  • the update module is further configured to: when the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied in the first time slot, when the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied in the first time slot, -1 updated to M-2;
  • the second sending module is further configured to: when M-2 is 0, and the first time slot is separated from the data packet sending start point by at least one time slot, from the first time slot Starting a time slot to broadcast a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel until the beginning of the data packet transmission start point, and sending the to-be-sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission data pack.
  • the second sending module is further configured to:
  • the to-be-sent is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the second listening module is further configured to:
  • the next time slot of the first time slot is used to access the to-be-accessed channel. Listening.
  • the second interception module is further configured to:
  • the first time slot is separated from the data packet transmission start point by at least one time slot, in the first time slot
  • the next time slot is to listen to the channel to be accessed.
  • a fifth aspect provides a random access system, where the system includes at least one access node AP and a station STA, and the STA is the terminal device in the third aspect.
  • a random access system is provided, where the system includes at least one access node AP and a station STA, and the STA is the terminal device described in the fourth aspect.
  • the first STA After receiving the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, the first STA determines a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a starting point of the contention to be transmitted in the current access period; the interception starting point is earlier than the data packet transmission.
  • the starting point, the listening starting point and the starting point of the data packet are separated by one or more time slots, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; when the starting point of the contention signal is located between the listening starting point and the starting point of the data packet, And when at least one time slot is separated from the interception start point and the data packet sending start point, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot; the first time slot is between the interception start point and the contention waiting point to be sent.
  • the starting point of the contention signal is to be transmitted. Start broadcasting the contention signal on the channel to be accessed until the start of the data packet transmission end, and send a data packet to the AP through the channel to be accessed from the starting point of the data packet transmission; thus, the first STA may occupy the idle channel first, and other STAs detect After the contention of the first STA, the STAs can be accessed later.
  • Different STAs can access the devices by detecting the contention signals. This can effectively solve the problem of channel idle or excessive contention.
  • STAs Uniformly sending data packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission, so that the time at which each STA sends the data packets is the same, and the APs are prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs respectively; and when the time at which each STA sends the data packets is consistent, the STA may send the data in the OFDMA mode. data pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless fidelity network provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are flowcharts of a random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a starting point of a contention to be transmitted of a STA according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a short training domain with a time length of 8 microseconds according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a short training domain with a time length of 17 microseconds according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are flowcharts of another random access method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 9-11 are schematic structural diagrams of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of another terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a random access system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another random access system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a random access procedure is introduced by taking a wireless fidelity (WI-Fidelity) network as an example.
  • a Wi-Fi network consists of at least one AP 0 and several STAs (including STA 1, STA 2, and STA 3). Configuration (the dotted line in Fig. 1 indicates a wireless connection). It is assumed that STA 1 and STA 2 have respectively been associated with AP 0, and STA 3 has not yet been associated with AP 0.
  • the Wi-Fi random access procedure includes two cases.
  • an STA that is not associated with AP 0 intends to join AP 0, and needs to send random access data packets to AP 0, and random access.
  • the sending process of the data packet is a random access procedure.
  • STAs (such as STA 1 and STA 2) that have been associated with AP 0 send uplink data packets to AP 0, and the uplink data packet transmission process is also a random access procedure.
  • AP 0 needs to initiate uplink random access, AP 0 broadcasts an indication frame (such as a trigger frame) on the access channel, and the indication frame is used to indicate the start of a random access procedure to the STA in the network.
  • the STA After receiving the indication frame, the STA starts the transmission of the data packet by using the reception completion time of the indication frame as the start time of the random access procedure.
  • a period in which one random access procedure indicated by the frame indication is continued is referred to as an access period.
  • the starting point may refer to a point in time.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access method, which can be applied to the Wi-Fi network shown in FIG. Referring to Figure 2, the method flow includes:
  • Step 101 The AP broadcasts the first indication frame.
  • the first indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period.
  • the first indication frame may include indication information of a random access resource.
  • the first indication frame may be a trigger frame.
  • the first STA receives the first indication frame.
  • the indication information of the random access resource indicates that one or more channels include random access resources
  • the first STA may select a random access resource to send the data packet.
  • Step 102 The first STA determines a to-be-accessed channel, a listening starting point, a (formal) data packet sending starting point, and a contention to-be-send starting point of the first STA in the current access period.
  • the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the packet sending.
  • One or more time slots are separated between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point.
  • the starting point of the contention to be sent of the first STA is not earlier than the starting point of the interception and not later than the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the determining manner of the channel to be accessed in the current access period may include determining the channel to be accessed according to the indication information of the random access resource included in the first indication frame.
  • the determining manner of the listening starting point of the current access period may include adding a receiving waiting time of the first indication frame to a specified waiting time (SxIFS) to obtain a listening starting point.
  • SxIFS can be an agreement.
  • the determining manner of the data packet sending start point of the current access period may include adding a preset number of slots to the listening starting point to obtain a data packet sending starting point.
  • the preset number may be specified by the protocol, and the preset quantity may be information carried by the first indication frame, or other frames, such as information carried by the management frame or the control frame.
  • the length of each time slot can also be specified by the protocol.
  • the determining manner of the contention to be transmitted starting point of the first STA may include: first, determining a priority of the data packet to be sent by the first STA in the current access period. Secondly, in the correspondence between the preset priority and the waiting duration (AxIFS), the AxIFS corresponding to the priority of the data packet to be transmitted is obtained. Then, the receiving completion time of the first indication frame is added to the AxIFS corresponding to the priority of the data packet to be transmitted, to obtain the contention starting point of the first STA.
  • the AxIFS corresponding to the data packet with the higher priority is shorter than the AxIFS corresponding to the data packet with the lower priority.
  • the AxIFS corresponding to the highest priority packet can be equal to SxIFS.
  • the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the format of the contention signal is not limited, and the contention signal may be any signal that the AP and the STA can recognize.
  • a contention signal corresponding to the STA may be generated according to the identifier of each STA, and the STA may be identified by the contention signal; and a contention signal corresponding to the subchannel number may be generated according to the subchannel number of the transmitted data packet, and may be determined by the contention signal.
  • the contention signal may be generated by a short training field (STF).
  • Step 103 The first STA compares a contention starting point of the first STA, a listening starting point, and a data packet sending starting point.
  • step 104 When the contention to be transmitted of the first STA is located between the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point, and is separated from the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point by at least one time slot respectively, step 104 is performed; when the first STA When the content of the contention to be transmitted is equal to the starting point of the interception, step 106 is performed; when the starting point of the contention to be transmitted of the first STA is the same as the starting point of the data packet, step 107 is performed.
  • Step 104 The first STA listens to the access channel in the first time slot.
  • the first time slot is a time slot in a time slot between the listening start point and the start point of the contention to be transmitted, which is close to the starting point of the contention to be transmitted.
  • the interception result may indicate whether the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the access channel is monitored, and specifically, whether a signal is sent on the channel to be accessed.
  • the listening mode is not limited, and the channel listening mode provided by the related technology may be adopted.
  • the power of the Wi-Fi signal on the channel to be accessed can be detected if the power of the Wi-Fi signal is higher than The threshold value determines that the channel to be accessed is occupied; conversely, if the power of the Wi-Fi signal is lower than the threshold, it is determined that the channel to be accessed is not occupied.
  • the Wi-Fi packet header characteristic signal on the channel to be accessed may be detected, and if the power of the signal is higher than the threshold, it is determined that the channel to be accessed is occupied; otherwise, if the power of the signal is lower than the threshold, then determining The channel to be accessed is not occupied.
  • step 105 is performed, and when the listening result of the first time slot indicates that the channel to be accessed is occupied, the sending is delayed. For example, you can exit this process and wait to receive the next first indication frame.
  • Step 105 The first STA broadcasts the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted until the start of the data packet transmission start, and sends the data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • Step 106 Start broadcasting a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel at the beginning of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start, and send the data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • Step 107 Listening to the access channel in the second time slot.
  • the second time slot is a time slot near the start of the data packet transmission in a number of time slots between the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point.
  • the data packet is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the transmission is postponed, for example, exiting the current process, and waiting to receive the next first indication frame.
  • the AP receives the data packet sent by the first STA.
  • the first STA After the first STA receives the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, the first STA determines the to-be-accessed channel, the interception starting point, the starting point of the data packet, and the starting point of the contention to be sent in the current access period; At the starting point of the data packet transmission, one or more time slots are separated between the starting point of the interception and the starting point of the data packet, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; when the starting point of the contention signal is located at the starting point of the interception and the data packet is sent When at least one time slot is separated from the starting point and the listening starting point and the data packet sending starting point, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot; the first time slot is, the listening starting point and the competition signal are to be A time slot in the time slot between the sending start points and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted; in the manner of listening, it is possible to detect whether there is a contention signal on the channel to be accessed; when the listening result
  • the STA uniformly sends a data packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the time at which the STA sends the data packets is the same, and the APs are prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs.
  • the STA may send the data packets by using the OFDMA method.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a random access method.
  • how the STA transmits a data packet when the starting point of the STA's contention signal to be transmitted is different will be described in detail. Referring to Figure 3, the method flow includes:
  • Step 201 The AP broadcasts a second indication frame.
  • the second indication frame is used to indicate the number of time slots between the interception starting point and the data packet sending start point in each access period.
  • the second indication frame may be an association response frame, and is sent by the AP to the STA after receiving the association request of the STA.
  • the second indication frame may also be a beacon frame, which is broadcast by the AP at intervals.
  • the second indication frame may also be a trigger frame.
  • the first STA receives the second indication frame broadcast by the AP, and obtains the number of time slots between the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point in each access period.
  • Step 202 The second STA broadcasts a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) message.
  • NAV Network Allocation Vector
  • the NAV message is used to indicate the channel occupied by the second STA and the occupied time.
  • the second STA may carry a channel reservation time (NAV) information in the data packet sent to the AP to inform other STAs that they will occupy Channel and occupancy time.
  • NAV channel reservation time
  • the first STA receives the NAV message broadcast by the second STA.
  • the first STA may receive and parse the data packet sent by the second STA to the AP, and obtain the NAV message carried by the data packet.
  • Step 203 The first STA sequentially listens to each access channel of the AP in a specified time period.
  • the end time of the specified time period may be the start time of the first broadcast frame of the AP broadcast.
  • the listening result can indicate whether the access channel is occupied.
  • the listening mode of the channel is not limited, and the listening mode of the channel may adopt phase Any kind of listening method provided by the technology.
  • Step 204 The AP broadcasts the first indication frame.
  • the first indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period, and is also used to indicate a channel to be accessed in the current access period.
  • the first indication frame may include indication information of a random access resource.
  • the first indication frame may be a trigger frame.
  • the first STA receives the first indication frame.
  • Step 205 The first STA determines a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a starting point of the contention of the first STA to be sent in the current access period.
  • the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the packet sending. There are several time slots between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point.
  • the contention of the first STA to be transmitted is not earlier than the starting point of the interception and not later than the starting point of the packet transmission.
  • the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • step 102 For the determination of the starting point of the current access period and the determining of the starting point of the contention of the first STA, refer to step 102 in the first embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein.
  • the determining manner of the data packet sending start point of the current access period may include adding a preset number of time slots to the listening starting point to obtain a data packet sending starting point.
  • the preset number may be the number indicated by the second indication frame (see step 201), and the length of each time slot may also be a protocol specification.
  • the starting point of the packet transmission can be corrected. Due to factors such as inconsistent distance between each STA and the AP, some STAs may have a large propagation delay when performing uplink transmission. At this time, the STA can measure the channel delay and advance the packet transmission start point by twice the channel delay to compensate for the channel delay, so that the formal random access packet signals of different users can be aligned.
  • the determined mode of the channel to be accessed in the current access period includes: the channel occupied by the second STA and the occupied time indicated by the NAV message broadcast by the second STA, and the current indication indicated by the first indication frame. Determining the channel to be accessed in the access period and the determined starting point of the contention to be transmitted, determining the channel to be accessed, and determining the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied by the fourth STA from the determined starting point of the contention to be transmitted (see Step 202).
  • the determining manner of the to-be-accessed channel of the current access period includes: obtaining, by the first STA, the listening result of each access channel of the AP in a specified period of time (refer to step 203), according to each The interception result of the access channels determines the unoccupied access channel in each access channel of the AP, and uses the unoccupied access channel as the to-be-accessed channel of the current access period.
  • the first embodiment can be combined with the second embodiment.
  • the determined channels to be accessed may be one or more.
  • Step 206 The first STA compares a contention starting point of the first STA, a listening starting point, and a data packet sending starting point.
  • step 207 When the contention to be transmitted of the first STA is located between the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point, and is separated from the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point by at least one time slot respectively, step 207 is performed; when the first STA When the content of the contention to be transmitted is equal to the starting point of the interception, step 209 is performed; when the starting point of the contention to be transmitted of the first STA is the same as the starting point of the data packet, step 210 is performed.
  • the specified waiting time is SxIFS
  • the second indication frame indicates that the listening point of the current access period and the starting point of the data packet are separated by 2 slots (slot 0 and slot 1), and slot 2 is The first time slot after time slot 1.
  • the starting point of the interception is the starting point of slot 0
  • the starting point of the packet transmission is the starting point of slot 2.
  • the priority of the first STA to be sent may be a high priority, a medium priority, or a low priority.
  • the waiting duration of the high priority is SxIFS
  • the waiting duration corresponding to the medium priority is (SxIFS+1 slots)
  • the waiting duration corresponding to the low priority is (SxIFS+2 slots)
  • the first STA The starting point of the contention to be transmitted may be the starting point of slot 0 (equal to the starting point of the interception), the starting point of slot 1, or the starting point of slot 2 (equal to the starting point of the packet transmission).
  • step 209 When the starting point of the contention to be transmitted of the first STA is the starting point of the time slot 0, step 209 is performed; when the starting point of the contention of the first STA is the starting point of the time slot 1, step 207 is performed; when the first STA competes When the signal to be transmitted starting point is the starting point of the time slot 2, step 210 is performed.
  • Step 207 The first STA listens to the access channel in the first time slot.
  • the first time slot is a time slot in a time slot between the listening start point and the start point of the contention to be transmitted, which is close to the starting point of the contention to be transmitted.
  • the interception result may indicate whether the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • step 208 is performed.
  • the process exits and waits to receive the next one.
  • the first indication frame may indicate whether the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the first STA listens to only one channel in the first time slot; when there are multiple channels to be accessed, the first STA can perform multiple channels in the first time slot. Listening, obtaining the listening result of multiple channels to be accessed, there may be multiple channels to be accessed that are not occupied.
  • Step 208 The first STA broadcasts the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted until the start of the data packet transmission start point, and starts from the starting point of the data packet transmission through the channel to be accessed.
  • the AP sends a packet.
  • one channel may be selected from the plurality of channels to be accessed that are not occupied as the actual access channel. Then, the contention signal is broadcast on the actual access channel until the start of the data packet transmission start, and the data packet is transmitted to the AP through the actual access channel from the start of the data packet transmission.
  • the contention signal can be generated by a short training domain (Legacy-STF) of a compatible format.
  • Legacy-STF short training domain
  • the short training field of the compatible format is located at the head of each random access data packet (the data packet sent by the STA to the AP).
  • the length of the short training field of the compatible format to be transmitted by the first STA is 8 microseconds plus the starting point of the contention to be sent from the first STA to the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the STA and the AP may receive the contention signal in the manner of receiving the short training domain.
  • the step 208 includes: first, generating a random number according to a preset algorithm. Second, compare the random number with a preset threshold. When the random number is less than the preset threshold, the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted until the start of the data packet transmission start, and the data is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission. package. When the random number is not less than the preset threshold, the flow is exited and waiting to receive the next first indication frame.
  • Step 209 The first STA starts broadcasting the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the beginning of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start, and starts sending the data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the data packet includes header information and data information.
  • the first STA sends a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission, including: selecting one subchannel from the plurality of subchannels included in the to-be-accessed channel; and starting the channel to be accessed at the beginning of the data packet transmission All subchannels transmit header information, and send data information to the AP through the selected subchannel.
  • the contention signal is also used to indicate a subchannel for transmitting data information.
  • Step 210 The first STA listens to the access channel in the second time slot.
  • the second time slot is a time slot near the start of the data packet transmission in a number of time slots between the interception start point and the data packet transmission start point.
  • the data packet is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the flow is exited; or the contention signal on the channel to be accessed is parsed to determine the subchannel of the transmitted data information indicated by the contention signal (see steps) 209) selecting one subchannel from the plurality of subchannels included in the to-be-accessed channel; transmitting header information of the data packet through all subchannels of the to-be-accessed channel from the data transmission starting point, and transmitting data to the AP through the selected subchannel
  • the data information of the packet is different from the subchannel of the transmitted data information indicated by the contention signal.
  • the random number is first generated according to the preset algorithm, and the random number and the preset threshold are compared. When the random number is less than the preset threshold, the data packet is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission. When the random number is not less than the preset threshold, the flow is exited and waiting to receive the next first indication frame.
  • the AP receives the data packet sent by the first STA.
  • the first STA After the first STA receives the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, the first STA determines the to-be-accessed channel, the interception starting point, the starting point of the data packet, and the starting point of the contention to be sent in the current access period; At the starting point of the data packet transmission, one or more time slots are separated between the starting point of the interception and the starting point of the data packet, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; when the starting point of the contention signal is located at the starting point of the interception and the data packet is sent When at least one time slot is separated from the starting point and the listening starting point and the data packet sending starting point, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot; the first time slot is, the listening starting point and the competition signal are to be A time slot in the time slot between the sending start points and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted; in the manner of listening, it is possible to detect whether there is a contention signal on the channel to be accessed; when the listening result
  • the STAs can be accessed in succession by detecting the contention of the contending signal, and can effectively solve the problem of channel idleness or excessive contention.
  • the STA uniformly sends a data packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission, so that each STA The time at which the data packets are sent is the same, and the APs are prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs.
  • the STA can transmit the data packets by using the OFDMA method.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method. Referring to FIG. 7, the method process includes:
  • Step 301 The third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet.
  • M is an integer and not less than 1.
  • Step 302 The AP broadcasts the first indication frame.
  • the first indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period.
  • the third STA receives the first indication frame broadcast by the AP.
  • Step 303 The third STA updates the backoff value M to M-1, and determines a channel to be accessed, a listening starting point, and a data packet sending starting point of the current access period.
  • the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet sending, and the listening starting point and the starting point of the data packet are separated by at least one time slot.
  • step 102 the method for determining the channel to be accessed, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet in the current access period may be referred to step 102 in the first embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • step 304 When M-1 is 0, the backoff process is completed, and step 304 is performed; when M-1 is not 0, step 305 is performed.
  • Step 304 The third STA broadcasts the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the beginning of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start, and sends the to-be-sent data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • Step 305 The third STA listens to the access channel in the first time slot in which the listening start point is the start time.
  • step 306 is performed; when the to-be-accessed channel is occupied in the first time slot, and the first time slot is separated from the data packet transmission starting point by at least one In the case of a time slot, step 307 is performed; when the channel to be accessed is occupied in the first time slot, and the end time of the first time slot is the starting point of the data packet transmission, the flow exits the current process and waits for the next access time period.
  • Step 306 The third STA updates the backoff value M-1 to M-2.
  • the backoff process is completed, and the competition is broadcasted on the channel to be accessed starting from the next time slot of the first time slot.
  • the signal is sent to the AP through the channel to be accessed, and the data packet to be transmitted is sent to the AP from the starting point of the data packet transmission starting point.
  • step 307 is performed.
  • Step 307 The third STA listens to the access channel in the next time slot of the first time slot until the backoff process is completed.
  • the third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and is not less than 1.
  • the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP is received, and the first indication frame is used to indicate the start of the current access period. Time; update the backoff value M to M-1, and determine the channel to be accessed, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet transmission in the current access period; the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point and the data packet are sent.
  • a number of time slots are separated between the starting points; when M-1 is 0, the contention signal is broadcasted on the channel to be accessed from the starting point of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start point, and the channel to be accessed is started from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • STAs can be accessed in succession by detecting the contention of the contending signal, which can effectively solve the problem of channel idleness or excessive contention.
  • the STA uniformly sends the number of packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the STA uniformly sends the number of packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • Package so that a consistent time of each data packet sent by the STA, an AP to avoid signal are synchronized each STA; same time and when each STA transmits the data packet, STA can send data packets using the OFDMA scheme.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a random access method. Referring to FIG. 8, the method process includes:
  • Step 401 The third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet.
  • M is an integer and not less than 1.
  • the manner of generating the backoff value M is not limited, and any manner of generating the backoff value provided by the related art may be adopted.
  • Step 402 The AP broadcasts a second indication frame.
  • the second indication frame is used to indicate the number of time slots between the interception starting point and the data packet sending start point in each access period.
  • the step 402 is the same as the step 201 in the second embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • Step 403 The fourth STA broadcasts the NAV message.
  • the NAV message is used to indicate the channel occupied by the fourth STA and the occupied time.
  • the third STA receives the NAV message broadcast by the fourth STA.
  • step 403 is the same as the step 202 in the second embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • Step 404 The third STA sequentially listens to each access channel of the AP in a specified time period.
  • the end time of the specified time period may be the start time of the first broadcast frame of the AP broadcast.
  • the listening result can indicate whether the access channel is occupied.
  • this step 404 is the same as step 203 in the second embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • Step 405 The AP broadcasts the first indication frame.
  • the first indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period.
  • the first indication frame may be a trigger frame.
  • the third STA receives the first indication frame broadcast by the AP.
  • Step 406 The third STA updates the backoff value M to M-1, and determines a channel to be accessed, a listening starting point, and a data packet sending starting point of the current access period.
  • the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet sending, and the listening starting point and the starting point of the data packet are separated by at least one time slot.
  • step 205 the method for determining the channel to be accessed, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet in the current access period may be referred to step 205 in the embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • step 407 When M-1 is 0, the backoff process is completed, and step 407 is performed; when M-1 is not 0, step 408 is performed.
  • Step 407 The third STA broadcasts the contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the beginning of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start, and sends the to-be-sent data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the format of the contention signal is not limited, and the contention signal may be any signal that the AP and the STA can recognize.
  • a contention signal corresponding to the STA may be generated according to the identifier of each STA, and the STA may be identified by the contention signal; and a contention signal corresponding to the subchannel number may be generated according to the subchannel number of the transmitted data packet, and may be determined by the contention signal.
  • the contention signal can be generated by the STF.
  • This step 407 is the same as step 209 in the embodiment of the present invention, and details are not described herein again.
  • Step 408 The third STA listens to the access channel in the first time slot in which the listening start point is the start time.
  • step 409 is performed; when the channel to be accessed is occupied in the first time slot, and the first time slot is separated from the data transmission starting point by at least one In the case of a time slot, step 410 is performed; when the channel to be accessed is occupied in the first time slot, and the end time of the first time slot is the starting point of the data packet transmission, the flow exits the current process and waits for the next access time period.
  • step 405 and step 406 are repeatedly performed in the next access period. For example, after receiving the first indication frame indicating the start time of the next access period, the third STA updates the backoff value M-1 to M-2.
  • Step 409 The third STA updates the backoff value M-1 to M-2.
  • the backoff process is completed, and the competition is broadcasted on the channel to be accessed starting from the next time slot of the first time slot.
  • the signal is sent to the AP through the channel to be accessed, and the data packet to be transmitted is sent to the AP from the starting point of the data packet transmission starting point.
  • step 410 is performed.
  • Step 410 The third STA listens to the access channel in the next time slot of the first time slot until the backoff process is completed.
  • step 408 the process of the third STA in the next time slot of the first time slot to listen to the access channel is the same as step 408, and details are not described herein again.
  • the third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and is not less than 1.
  • the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP is received, and the first indication frame is used to indicate the start of the current access period. Time; update the backoff value M to M-1, and determine the channel to be accessed, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet transmission in the current access period; the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point and the data packet are sent.
  • a number of time slots are separated between the starting points; when M-1 is 0, the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start, and the data transmission starting point is started.
  • the to-be-accessed channel sends a to-be-sent packet to the AP; the contention signal is used to indicate that the to-be-accessed channel is occupied; thus, the third STA may occupy the idle channel first, and the other STAs may be late after detecting the contention signal of the third STA.
  • different STAs can access the contiguous manner by detecting the contending signals, which can effectively solve the problem of channel idle or excessive competition.
  • the STA uniformly sends a data packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the time at which each STA sends a data packet is consistent, and the AP is prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs respectively; and when the time at which each STA sends the data packets is consistent, the STA may transmit the data packet by using the OFDMA method.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which is applicable to the method provided in Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the terminal device includes a determining module 501, a first listening module 502, and a first sending module 503.
  • a determining module 501 configured to: after receiving the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, determine a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a starting point of the first STA to be sent; The starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point is separated from the starting point of the data packet by one or more time slots, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the first intercepting module 502 is configured to: when the contention starting point of the first STA is located between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point, and at least one time slot is separated from the intercepting start point and the data packet sending start point respectively
  • the access channel is to be listened to in the first time slot;
  • the first time slot is a time slot in the time slot between the interception start point and the start point of the contention to be transmitted, which is close to the start point of the contention to be transmitted.
  • the first sending module 503 is configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is not occupied, broadcast a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention to be transmitted, until the data packet sending start point ends, and the slave data packet The sending start point starts to send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel.
  • the first STA After the first STA receives the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, the first STA determines the to-be-accessed channel, the interception starting point, the starting point of the data packet, and the starting point of the contention to be sent in the current access period; At the starting point of the data packet transmission, one or more time slots are separated between the starting point of the interception and the starting point of the data packet, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; when the starting point of the contention signal is located at the starting point of the interception and the data packet is sent When at least one time slot is separated from the starting point and the listening starting point and the data packet sending starting point, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot; the first time slot is, the listening starting point and the competition signal are to be A time slot in the time slot between the sending start points and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted; in the manner of listening, it is possible to detect whether there is a contention signal on the channel to be accessed; when the listening result
  • the STAs can access later. Different STAs can access the devices by detecting the contention of the contention. This can effectively solve the problem of channel idle or excessive competition.
  • each access is enabled.
  • the STA uniformly sends a data packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission, so that the time at which each STA sends the data packet is consistent, and the AP is prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs respectively; and when the time at which each STA sends the data packets is consistent, the STA may adopt The OFDMA method sends a packet.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which is applicable to the method provided in Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the terminal device includes a determining module 601, a first listening module 602, and a first sending module 603.
  • the determining module 601 is configured to: after receiving the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, determine a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a starting point of the first STA to be sent; The starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point is separated from the starting point of the data packet by one or more time slots, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the determining module 601 is configured to obtain a listening starting point by adding a specified waiting time to the time when the first STA completes receiving the first indication frame.
  • the determining module 601 is configured to determine a priority of the data packet to be sent by the first STA in the current access period, and obtain a priority corresponding to the priority of the data packet to be sent in the correspondence between the preset priority and the waiting duration.
  • the duration of the data packet corresponding to the higher priority packet is shorter than the waiting time corresponding to the packet with the lower priority, and the waiting duration corresponding to the data packet with the highest priority is equal to the specified waiting duration; the receiving of the first indication frame is completed.
  • the time is added to the waiting time corresponding to the priority of the data packet to be sent, and the starting point of the contention of the first STA is obtained.
  • the first intercepting module 602 is configured to: when the contention starting point of the first STA is located between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point, and at least one time slot is separated from the intercepting start point and the data packet sending start point respectively
  • the access channel is to be listened to in the first time slot;
  • the first time slot is a time slot in the time slot between the interception start point and the start point of the contention to be transmitted, which is close to the start point of the contention to be transmitted.
  • the first intercepting module 602 is further configured to listen to each access channel of the AP in sequence during a specified time period; the end time of the specified time period is a start time of the first broadcast frame of the AP broadcast.
  • the determining module 601 is configured to determine, according to the interception result of each access channel, each access of the AP
  • the unoccupied access channel in the channel uses the unoccupied access channel as the channel to be accessed in the current access period.
  • the first sending module 603 is configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is not occupied, broadcast a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention of the contention signal, until the start of the data packet is sent, and the data packet is The sending start point starts to send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel.
  • the determining module 601 is further configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is occupied, determine a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and a competition of the first STA in the next access period. The starting point of the signal to be sent.
  • the first sending module 603 is configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is not occupied, generate a random number according to a preset algorithm; compare the random number with a preset threshold; and when the random number When less than the preset threshold, the contention signal is broadcast on the channel to be accessed starting from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted.
  • the first sending module 603 is further configured to: when the starting point of the contention to be sent of the first STA is equal to the starting point of the interception, start broadcasting the contention signal on the channel to be accessed from the starting point of the intercepting, until the data packet The sending start point ends, and the data packet is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the first intercepting module 602 is further configured to: when the starting point of the contention to be sent of the first STA is the same as the starting point of the data packet, the access channel is to be monitored in the second time slot; A time slot near the start of the packet transmission in a number of time slots between the listening start point and the start of the data packet transmission.
  • the first sending module 603 is further configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is not occupied, send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the device further includes a first receiving module 604, where the first receiving module 604 is configured to receive a second indication frame broadcast by the AP, where the second indication frame is used to indicate a time slot between the interception starting point and the data packet sending start point. Quantity.
  • the first receiving module 604 is further configured to receive a NAV message broadcast by the second STA, where the NAV message is used to indicate a channel and an occupied time occupied by the second STA, where the determined to-be-accessed channel is determined from the determined The starting point of the contention to be transmitted is not occupied by the second STA.
  • the first indication frame is further used to indicate multiple channels to be accessed.
  • the first intercepting module 602 is configured to: when the contention starting point of the first STA is located between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point, and at least one time slot is respectively separated from the intercepting start point and the data packet sending start point Listening to multiple channels to be accessed in the first time slot.
  • the first sending module 603 is configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied, select one of the plurality of to-be-accessed channels according to the interception result of the plurality of to-be-accessed channels in the first time slot. Channel; broadcasts a contention signal on the selected channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted.
  • the data packet includes header information and data information.
  • the first sending module 603 is configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is not occupied, select one subchannel from among a plurality of subchannels included in the to-be-accessed channel; and start to pass the channel to be accessed at a starting point of the data packet transmission. All subchannels transmit header information, and send data information to the AP through the selected subchannel.
  • the contention signal is also used to indicate a subchannel for transmitting data information.
  • the first sending module 603 is further configured to: when the interception result indicates that the to-be-access channel is occupied, parse the contention signal on the channel to be accessed to determine a subchannel for transmitting data information indicated by the contention signal; One of the plurality of subchannels included in the channel is selected, and the selected subchannel is different from the subchannel of the transmitted data information indicated by the contention signal; the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted until the data packet The transmission start point ends, and the data packet is transmitted to the AP through the selected subchannel from the start of the data packet transmission.
  • the contention signal is generated by a short training domain.
  • the first STA After the first STA receives the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, the first STA determines the to-be-accessed channel, the interception starting point, the starting point of the data packet, and the starting point of the contention to be sent in the current access period; At the starting point of the data packet transmission, one or more time slots are separated between the starting point of the interception and the starting point of the data packet, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; when the starting point of the contention signal is located at the starting point of the interception and the data packet is sent When at least one time slot is separated from the starting point and the listening starting point and the data packet sending starting point, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot; the first time slot is, the listening starting point and the competition signal are to be A time slot in the time slot between the sending start points and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted; in the manner of listening, it is possible to detect whether there is a contention signal on the channel to be accessed; when the listening result
  • the STAs can be accessed in succession by detecting the contention of the contending signal, and can effectively solve the problem of channel idleness or excessive contention.
  • the STA uniformly sends a data packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission, so that each STA The time at which the data packets are sent is the same, and the APs are prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs respectively; and when the time at which each STA sends the data packets is consistent, the STA may adopt the OFDMA. Way to send a packet.
  • FIG. 11 shows a hardware structure of a terminal device, which may be the terminal device in the foregoing fifth or sixth embodiment.
  • the terminal device typically includes at least one processor 12 (e.g., a CPU), a user interface 14, at least one network interface 15 or other communication interface, memory 16, and at least one communication bus 13.
  • processor 12 e.g., a CPU
  • user interface 14 e.g., a user interface 14
  • network interface 15 or other communication interface e.g., a Wi-Fi interface
  • memory 16 e.g., a Wi-Fi interface
  • FIG. 11 does not constitute a limitation to the terminal device, and it may include more or less components than those illustrated, or a combination of certain components, or different component arrangements.
  • the communication bus 13 is used to implement connection communication between the processor 12, the memory 16, and the communication interface.
  • At least one network interface 15 (which may be wired or wireless) implements a communication connection between the terminal device and at least one server, and may use an Internet, a wide area network, a local network, a metropolitan area network, or the like.
  • the memory 16 can be used to store software programs and application modules, and the processor 12 executes various functional applications and data processing of the terminal devices by running software programs stored in the memory 16 and application modules.
  • the memory 16 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a listening channel, etc.), and the like; and the storage data area may be stored according to the use of the terminal device.
  • the created data (such as the priority of the data packet to be sent).
  • the memory 16 may include a high speed RAM (Random Access Memory), and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid state. Storage device.
  • the input device usually includes a keyboard and a pointing device (for example, a mouse, a trackball, a touch panel or a touch screen).
  • the display can be used to display information input by the user or information provided to the user, various menus of the terminal device, images in the picture or video, etc.; the keyboard and the pointing device can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate Signal input related to user settings and function control of the terminal device, such as receiving a video play request triggered by the user.
  • the processor 12 is a control center of the terminal device that connects various portions of the entire terminal device using various interfaces and lines, by running or executing software programs and/or application modules stored in the memory 16, and recalling stored in the memory 16. Data, performing various functions and processing data of the terminal device, thereby performing overall monitoring of the terminal device.
  • the processor 12 may be configured to: after receiving the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, determine a channel to be accessed, a starting point of the interception, a starting point of the data packet, and the first The starting point of the STA's contention signal is to be sent; the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point is separated from the starting point of the data packet by one or more time slots, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; The starting point of the contention of the STA, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet transmission; when the starting point of the contention of the first STA is between the starting point of the interception and the starting point of the data packet, and the sending start point and the data packet are respectively sent When the start point is separated by at least one time slot, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which is applicable to the method provided in Embodiment 3 or 4.
  • the terminal device includes a generating module 701, a second receiving module 702, an updating module 703, and a second sending module 704.
  • the generating module 701 is configured to generate a backoff value M corresponding to the data packet to be sent, where M is an integer and is not less than 1.
  • the second receiving module 702 is configured to receive a first indication frame that is broadcast by the AP, where the first indication frame is used to indicate a start time of the current access period.
  • the update module 703 is configured to update the backoff value M to M-1, and determine a channel to be accessed, a listening starting point, and a data packet sending starting point of the current access period; the listening starting point is earlier than the data packet sending starting point, and the listening starting point There are several time slots between the start of the packet transmission.
  • the second sending module 704 is configured to: when M-1 is 0, broadcast a contention signal on the to-be-accessed channel from the beginning of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start, and start the channel to be accessed from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the data packet to be sent is sent to the AP; the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and is not less than 1.
  • the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP is received, and the first indication frame is used to indicate the start of the current access period.
  • the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; thus, the third STA
  • the idle channel can be occupied first.
  • the STA can access the network later. Different STAs can access the information by detecting the contention of the competition, which can effectively solve the problem of channel idle or excessive competition.
  • the STA uniformly sends a data packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission, so that the time at which each STA sends the data packet is consistent, and the AP avoids synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs separately; and when each STA sends the data packet.
  • the STA can transmit data packets by using OFDMA.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which is applicable to the method provided in Embodiment 3 or 4.
  • the terminal device includes a generating module 801, a second receiving module 802, an updating module 803, and a second sending module 804.
  • the generating module 801, the second receiving module 802, the updating module 803, and the second sending module 804 are the same as the generating module 701, the second receiving module 702, the updating module 703, and the second sending module 704 in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, respectively. No longer.
  • the difference between the embodiment of the present invention and the seventh embodiment is as follows.
  • the terminal device further includes a second intercepting module 805, and the second intercepting module 805 is configured to treat the access in the first time slot starting from the listening start point when the M-1 is not 0.
  • the channel is listening.
  • the update module 803 is further configured to update the backoff value M-1 to M-2 when the to-be-accessed channel is not occupied in the first time slot.
  • the second sending module 804 is further configured to: when M-2 is 0 and the first time slot is separated from the data packet sending start point by at least one time slot, starting from the next time slot of the first time slot
  • the contention signal is broadcasted on the inbound channel until the beginning of the data packet transmission start, and the data packet to be transmitted is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the second sending module 804 is further configured to: when M-2 is 0, and the end time of the first time slot is a data packet sending start point, send the to-be-sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission. data pack.
  • the second intercepting module 805 is further configured to: when the M-2 is not 0 and the first time slot is separated from the data transmission starting point by at least one time slot, the next time slot of the first time slot is to be accessed.
  • the channel is listening.
  • the second intercepting module 805 is further configured to: when the channel to be accessed is occupied in the first time slot, and When the first time slot is separated from the data transmission start point by at least one time slot, the access channel is to be listened to in the next time slot of the first time slot.
  • the third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and is not less than 1.
  • the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP is received, and the first indication frame is used to indicate the start of the current access period. Time; update the backoff value M to M-1, and determine the channel to be accessed, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet transmission in the current access period; the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point and the data packet are sent.
  • a number of time slots are separated between the starting points; when M-1 is 0, the contention signal is broadcasted on the channel to be accessed from the starting point of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start point, and the channel to be accessed is started from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • STAs can be accessed in succession by detecting the contention of the contending signal, which can effectively solve the problem of channel idleness or excessive contention.
  • the STA uniformly sends the number of packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the STA uniformly sends the number of packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • Package so that a consistent time of each data packet sent by the STA, an AP to avoid signal are synchronized each STA; same time and when each STA transmits the data packet, STA can send data packets using the OFDMA scheme.
  • FIG. 14 shows a hardware structure of a terminal device, which may be the terminal device in the foregoing fifth or sixth embodiment.
  • the terminal device typically includes at least one processor 22 (e.g., a CPU), a user interface 24, at least one network interface 25 or other communication interface, memory 26, and at least one communication bus 23.
  • processor 22 e.g., a CPU
  • user interface 24 e.g., a user interface
  • network interface 25 or other communication interface e.g., a Wi-Fi interface
  • memory 26 e.g., a Wi-Fi interface
  • FIG. 14 shows a hardware structure of a terminal device, which may be the terminal device in the foregoing fifth or sixth embodiment.
  • the terminal device typically includes at least one processor 22 (e.g., a CPU), a user interface 24, at least one network interface 25 or other communication interface, memory 26, and at least one communication bus 23.
  • processor 22 e.g., a CPU
  • user interface 24 e.g., a user interface
  • Communication bus 23 is used to implement connection communication between processor 22, memory 26, and communication interface.
  • At least one network interface 25 (which may be wired or wireless) implements a communication connection between the terminal device and at least one server, and may use an Internet, a wide area network, a local network, a metropolitan area network, or the like.
  • the memory 26 can be used to store software programs and application modules, and the processor 22 executes various functional applications and data processing of the terminal devices by running software programs stored in the memory 26 and application modules.
  • the memory 26 may mainly include a storage program area and a storage data area, wherein the storage program area may store an operating system, an application required for at least one function (such as a listening channel, etc.), and the like; and the storage data area may be stored according to the use of the terminal device.
  • the created data (such as the generation algorithm of the backoff value) Wait.
  • the memory 26 may include a high speed RAM (Random Access Memory), and may also include a non-volatile memory such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid state. Storage device.
  • User interface 24 includes, but is not limited to, a display and an input device.
  • the input device usually includes a keyboard and a pointing device (for example, a mouse, a trackball, a touch panel or a touch screen).
  • the display can be used to display information input by the user or information provided to the user, various menus of the terminal device, images in the picture or video, etc.; the keyboard and the pointing device can be used to receive input digital or character information, and generate Signal input related to user settings and function control of the terminal device, such as receiving a video play request triggered by the user.
  • the processor 22 is a control center of the terminal device that connects various portions of the entire terminal device using various interfaces and lines, by running or executing software programs and/or application modules stored in the memory 26, and recalling stored in the memory 26. Data, performing various functions and processing data of the terminal device, thereby performing overall monitoring of the terminal device.
  • processor 22 may implement generating a backoff value M, M corresponding to the data packet to be transmitted.
  • the integer is not less than 1; the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP is received, the first indication frame is used to indicate the start time of the current access period; the backoff value M is updated to M-1, and the current access period is determined to be connected.
  • the contention signal is broadcasted on the to-be-accessed channel until the start of the data packet transmission start, and the data packet to be transmitted is sent to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel from the starting point of the data packet transmission; the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a random access system.
  • the random access system includes at least one AP 901 and STA 902.
  • the STA 902 may be the terminal device provided in Embodiment 5 or 6.
  • the first STA After the first STA receives the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP, the first STA determines the to-be-accessed channel, the interception starting point, the starting point of the data packet, and the starting point of the contention to be sent in the current access period; At the starting point of the data packet transmission, one or more time slots are separated from the starting point of the data packet and the starting point of the data packet, and the contention signal is used to indicate that the channel to be accessed is occupied; When at least one time slot is separated between the listening start point and the data packet sending start point and the listening start point and the data packet sending start point respectively, the access channel is to be intercepted in the first time slot; the first time slot is, detecting A time slot in the time slot between the listening start point and the starting point of the contention to be transmitted is close to the time slot of the starting point of the contention signal to be transmitted; by means of the interception mode, it is possible to detect whether there is a contention signal on the channel to be accessed; when the interception result is displayed as
  • the packet transmission starting point starts to send a data packet to the AP through the to-be-accessed channel; thus, the first STA may occupy the idle channel first, and after the other STAs detect the contention signal of the first STA, the STA may access the network later, and different STAs may pass the detection.
  • the method of competing signals is sequentially accessed, which can effectively solve the problem of channel idleness or excessive competition.
  • the STA uniformly sends a packet to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the data packet is sent, so that the time at which each STA sends the data packet is the same, and the AP is prevented from synchronizing the signals of the respective STAs respectively; and when the time at which each STA sends the data packets is consistent, the STA may send the data packet by using the OFDMA method.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a random access system.
  • the random access system includes at least one AP 1001 and STA 1002.
  • the STA 1002 may be the terminal device provided in Embodiment 7 or 8.
  • the third STA generates a backoff value M corresponding to the to-be-sent data packet, where M is an integer and is not less than 1.
  • the first indication frame broadcasted by the AP is received, and the first indication frame is used to indicate the start of the current access period. Time; update the backoff value M to M-1, and determine the channel to be accessed, the starting point of the interception, and the starting point of the data packet transmission in the current access period; the listening starting point is earlier than the starting point of the data packet transmission, and the listening starting point and the data packet are sent.
  • a number of time slots are separated between the starting points; when M-1 is 0, the contention signal is broadcasted on the channel to be accessed from the starting point of the interception until the start of the data packet transmission start point, and the channel to be accessed is started from the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • STAs can be accessed in succession by detecting the contention of the contending signal, which can effectively solve the problem of channel idleness or excessive contention.
  • the STA uniformly sends the number of packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • the STA uniformly sends the number of packets to the AP at the starting point of the data packet transmission.
  • Package so that a consistent time of each data packet sent by the STA, an AP to avoid signal are synchronized each STA; same time and when each STA transmits the data packet, STA can send data packets using the OFDMA scheme.
  • the terminal device provided by the foregoing embodiment implements random access
  • only the division of each functional module is used for example.
  • the function distribution may be completed by different functional modules according to requirements.
  • the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • the terminal device provided by the foregoing embodiment is in the same concept as the embodiment of the random access method, and the specific implementation process is described in detail in the method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
  • a person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above embodiments may be completed by hardware, or may be instructed by a program to execute related hardware, and the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法、系统及终端设备，涉及通信领域，方法：第一站点STA在接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道发送数据包。

Description

一种随机接入方法、系统及终端设备 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域，特别涉及一种随机接入方法、系统及终端设备。
背景技术
无线通信系统中，用户终端之间如何分配信道资源决定于接入机制。无线通信系统提供多种接入机制，包括随机接入机制。在随机接入机制中，信道资源是面向所有用户终端的，用户终端之间需要对信道资源的使用权进行竞争。
以无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks，简称WLAN)为例，介绍现有的随机接入方法流程。WLAN的组成元素包括站点(Station，简称STA)、接入点(Access Point，简称AP)、以及无线介质(Wireless Medium，简称WM)。在随机接入时，STA需通过WM向AP发送随机接入包。STA在发送随机接入包时，先感知公共信道的状态，当公共信道为空闲状态时，在第一指定时间发送随机接入包，反之，当公共信道为繁忙状态时(比如其他STA已在第一指定时间发送了随机接入包)，推迟发送随机接入包，比如在晚于第一指定时间的第二指定时间再发送随机接入包。随机接入包包含一个物理层头部和STA数据。物理层头部包含了参考信号，AP可根据该参考信号来进行接收同步和信道估计，并在估计得到的信道接收STA数据。
在实现本发明的过程中，发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问题：
多个站点独自侦听信道的情况下，由于随机接入包的发送时间不同，STA数据在信道资源上无法对齐，因此，AP需要分别同步各个站点的信号，实现难度大、成本高，并且STA还不能采用正交频分多址(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access，简称OFDMA)方式发送STA数据。
发明内容
为了将随机接入包的发送时间对齐，本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法、系统及终端设备。所述技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供了一种随机接入方法，所述方法包括：
第一站点STA在接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；所述第一指示帧用于指示所述当前接入时段的开始时间，所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙；
当所述竞争信号待发送起点位于所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间、且分别与所述侦听起点和所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第一时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近所述竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；
当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包，所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
在第一方面的第一实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当所述竞争信号待发送起点等于所述侦听起点时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
在第一方面的第二实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当所述竞争信号待发送起点与所述数据包发送起点相同时，在第二时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第二时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近所述数据包发送起点的时隙；
当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
在第一方面的第三实施方式中，所述确定当前接入时段的侦听起点，包括：
将完成接收所述第一指示帧的时间加上指定等待时长，得到所述侦听起点。
在第一方面的第四实施方式中，所述确定竞争信号待发送起点，包括：
确定所述第一STA在所述当前接入时段待发送数据包的优先级；
在预置的优先级与等待时长的对应关系中，获得所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，其中，优先级高的数据包对应的等待时长比优先级低的数 据包对应的等待时长短，优先级最高的数据包对应的等待时长等于所述指定等待时长；
将所述第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，得到所述第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
在第一方面的第五实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
接收所述AP广播的第二指示帧，所述第二指示帧用于指示所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
在第一方面的第六实施方式中，在从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号之前，还包括：
按照预置算法生成随机数；
比较所述随机数与预置阈值；
当所述随机数小于所述预置阈值时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号。
在第一方面的第七实施方式中，所述第一指示帧还用于指示多个待接入信道；
所述在第一时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听，包括：
在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道进行侦听；
从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，包括：
根据在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道的侦听结果，从所述多个待接入信道中选择一个信道；
从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在选择出的信道上广播所述竞争信号。
在第一方面的第八实施方式中，所述数据包包括头部信息和数据信息，
从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包，包括：
从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中，选择一个所述子信道；
在所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道的所有子信道发送所述头部信息，通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送所述数据信息。
在第一方面的第九实施方式中，所述竞争信号还用于指示发送数据信息的子信道；
当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，解析所述待接入信道上的 竞争信号，以确定所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道；
从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中选择一个子信道，选择出的子信道与所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道不同；
从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送数据包。
在第一方面的第十实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，确定下一个接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点。
在第一方面的第十一实施方式中，所述在确定当前接入时段的待接入信道之前，所述方法还包括：
接收第二STA广播的网络分配矢量NAV消息；所述NAV消息用于指示所述第二STA占用的信道及占用时间；其中，确定出的待接入信道从确定出的竞争信号待发送起点开始未被所述第二STA占用。
在第一方面的第十二实施方式中，所述确定当前接入时段的待接入信道，包括：
在指定时段依次对所述AP的每个接入信道进行侦听；所述指定时段的结束时间为所述AP广播所述第一指示帧的开始时间；
根据每个所述接入信道的侦听结果，确定所述AP的每个接入信道中未被占用的接入信道，将所述未被占用的接入信道作为所述当前接入时段的待接入信道。
在第一方面的第十三实施方式中，所述竞争信号由短训练域生成。
第二方面，提供了一种随机接入方法，所述方法包括：
第三站点STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；
接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧，所述第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；
将所述退避值M更新为M-1，并确定所述当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦 听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；
当M-1为0时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
在第二方面的第一实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当M-1不为0时，在以所述侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；
当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙未被占用时，将M-1更新为M-2；
当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，从所述第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包。
在第二方面的第二实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙的结束时间为所述数据包发送起点时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；
当M-2不为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
在第二方面的第三实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙被占用、且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
第三方面，提供了一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括：
确定模块，用于在接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；所述第一指示帧用于指示所述当前接入时段的开始时间，所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙；
第一侦听模块，用于当所述竞争信号待发送起点位于所述侦听起点与所述 数据包发送起点之间、且分别与所述侦听起点和所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第一时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近所述竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；
第一发送模块，用于当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包，所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
在第三方面的第一实施方式中，所述第一发送模块还用于，
当所述竞争信号待发送起点等于所述侦听起点时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
在第三方面的第二实施方式中，所述第一侦听模块还用于，
当所述竞争信号待发送起点与所述数据包发送起点相同时，在第二时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第二时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近所述数据包发送起点的时隙；
所述第一发送模块还用于，当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
在第三方面的第三实施方式中，所述确定模块用于，
将完成接收所述第一指示帧的时间加上指定等待时长，得到所述侦听起点。
在第三方面的第四实施方式中，所述确定模块用于，
确定所述第一STA在所述当前接入时段待发送数据包的优先级；
在预置的优先级与等待时长的对应关系中，获得所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，其中，优先级高的数据包对应的等待时长比优先级低的数据包对应的等待时长短，优先级最高的数据包对应的等待时长等于所述指定等待时长；
将所述第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，得到所述第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
在第三方面的第五实施方式中，所述设备还包括：
第一接收模块，用于接收所述AP广播的第二指示帧，所述第二指示帧用 于指示所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
在第三方面的第六实施方式中，所述第一发送模块还用于，
当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，按照预置算法生成随机数；
比较所述随机数与预置阈值；
当所述随机数小于所述预置阈值时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号。
在第三方面的第七实施方式中，所述第一指示帧还用于指示多个待接入信道；
所述第一侦听模块用于，当所述竞争信号待发送起点位于所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间、且分别与所述侦听起点和所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道进行侦听；
所述第一发送模块用于，当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，根据在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道的侦听结果，从所述多个待接入信道中选择一个信道；从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在选择出的信道上广播所述竞争信号。
在第三方面的第八实施方式中，所述数据包包括头部信息和数据信息，
所述第一发送模块用于，从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中，选择一个所述子信道；在所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道的所有子信道发送所述头部信息，通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送所述数据信息。
在第三方面的第九实施方式中，所述竞争信号还用于指示发送数据信息的子信道；
所述第一发送模块还用于，当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，解析所述待接入信道上的竞争信号，以确定所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道；从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中选择一个子信道，选择出的子信道与所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道不同；从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送数据包。
在第三方面的第十实施方式中，所述确定模块还用于，
当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，确定下一个接入时段的待 接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点。
在第三方面的第十一实施方式中，所述第一接收模块还用于，
接收第二STA广播的网络分配矢量NAV消息；所述NAV消息用于指示所述第二STA占用的信道及占用时间；其中，确定出的待接入信道从确定出的竞争信号待发送起点开始未被所述第二STA占用。
在第三方面的第十二实施方式中，所述第一侦听模块还用于，
在指定时段依次对所述AP的每个接入信道进行侦听；所述指定时段的结束时间为所述AP广播所述第一指示帧的开始时间；
确定模块用于，根据每个所述接入信道的侦听结果，确定所述AP的每个接入信道中未被占用的接入信道，将所述未被占用的接入信道作为所述当前接入时段的待接入信道。
在第三方面的第十三实施方式中，所述竞争信号由短训练域生成。
第四方面，提供了一种终端设备，所述终端设备包括：
生成模块，用于生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；
第二接收模块，用于接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧，所述第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；
更新模块，用于将所述退避值M更新为M-1，并确定所述当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；
第二发送模块，用于当M-1为0时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
在第四方面的第一实施方式中，所述终端设备还包括第二侦听模块，所述第二侦听模块用于，
当M-1不为0时，在以所述侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；
所述更新模块还用于，当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙未被占用时，当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙未被占用时，将M-1更新为M-2；
所述第二发送模块还用于，当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，从所述第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包。
在第四方面的第二实施方式中，所述第二发送模块还用于，
当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙的结束时间为所述数据包发送起点时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；
所述第二侦听模块还用于，
当M-2不为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
在第四方面的第三实施方式中，所述第二侦听模块还用于，
当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙被占用、且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
第五方面，提供了一种随机接入系统，所述系统包括至少一个接入节点AP和站点STA，所述STA为第三方面所述的终端设备。
第六方面，提供了一种随机接入系统，所述系统包括至少一个接入节点AP和站点STA，所述STA为第四方面所述的终端设备。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案的有益效果是：
通过第一STA在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；通过侦听的方式，可以检测待接入信道上是否有竞争信号；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，即在第一时隙待接入信道上没有竞争信号时，从竞争信号待发送起点 开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包；这样，第一STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第一STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的无线保真网络的架构示意图；
图2和图3是本发明实施例提供的一种随机接入方法流程图；
图4是本发明实施例提供的STA的竞争信号待发送起点的示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的时间长度为8微秒的短训练域的示意图；
图6是本发明实施例提供的时间长度为17微秒的短训练域的示意图；
图7和图8是本发明实施例提供的另一种随机接入方法流程图；
图9-图11是本发明实施例提供的一种终端设备的结构示意图；
图12-图14是本发明实施例提供的另一种终端设备的结构示意图；
图15是本发明实施例提供的一种随机接入系统的示意图；
图16是本发明实施例提供的另一种随机接入系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
为便于理解本发明实施例提供的技术方案，先以无线保真(WIreless-Fidelity，简称Wi-Fi)网络为例，对随机接入过程进行介绍。参见图1，Wi-Fi网络由至少一个AP 0和若干STA(包括STA 1、STA 2和STA 3) 构成(图1中虚线表示无线连接)。其中，假设STA 1、STA 2已分别与AP 0建立关联，STA 3还未与AP 0建立关联。Wi-Fi的随机接入过程包括两种情况，第一种情况是未关联到AP 0的STA(比如STA 3)打算加入到AP 0，需向AP 0发送随机接入数据包，随机接入数据包的发送过程为随机接入过程。第二种情况是已关联到AP 0的STA(比如STA 1和STA 2)向AP 0发送上行数据包，上行数据包的发送过程也为随机接入过程。当AP 0需要发起上行随机接入时，AP 0在接入信道上广播指示帧(比如触发帧)，该指示帧用于向网络内STA指示一次随机接入过程的开始。STA收到指示帧后，以指示帧的接收完成时间作为本次随机接入过程的开始时间，开始数据包的发送准备。在本实施例中，将指示帧指示的一次随机接入过程持续的时段称为一个接入时段。
在本实施例中，起点可以指时间点。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法，可以适用图1示出的Wi-Fi网络。参见图2，该方法流程包括：
步骤101、AP广播第一指示帧。
其中，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间。
具体地，第一指示帧可以包含随机接入资源的指示信息。在本实施例中，第一指示帧可以是触发帧。
第一STA接收第一指示帧。当随机接入资源的指示信息指示有一个或多个信道包含随机接入资源时，第一STA可以选择随机接入资源来发送数据包。
步骤102、第一STA确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、(正式)数据包发送起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
其中，侦听起点早于数据包发送起点。侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙。其中，第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点不早于侦听起点且不晚于数据包发送起点。
在本实施例中，当前接入时段的待接入信道的确定方式可以包括，根据第一指示帧包含的随机接入资源的指示信息，确定待接入信道。
在本实施例中，当前接入时段的侦听起点的确定方式可以包括，将第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上指定等待时长(SxIFS)，得到侦听起点。SxIFS可以是协议规定。
在本实施例中，当前接入时段的数据包发送起点的确定方式可以包括，将侦听起点加上预设数量的时隙(slot)，得到数据包发送起点。预设数量可以是协议规定，预设数量可以是第一指示帧携带的信息，或其他帧，例如管理帧或控制帧携带的信息。每个时隙的长度也可以是协议规定。
在本实施例中，第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点的确定方式可以包括，首先，确定第一STA在当前接入时段待发送数据包的优先级。其次，在预置的优先级与等待时长(AxIFS)的对应关系中，获得待发送数据包的优先级对应的AxIFS。然后，将第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上待发送数据包的优先级对应的AxIFS，得到第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。其中，优先级高的数据包对应的AxIFS比优先级低的数据包对应的AxIFS短。优先级最高的数据包对应的AxIFS可以等于SxIFS。
其中，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
在本实施例中，对竞争信号的格式不做限定，竞争信号可以是任何一种AP和STA可以识别的信号。例如，可以根据每个STA的标识生成与STA对应的竞争信号，通过竞争信号可以识别出STA；还可以根据发送数据包的子信道编号生成与子信道编号对应的竞争信号，通过竞争信号可以确定发送数据包的子信道。作为可选的实施方式，竞争信号可以由短训练域生成(Short Training Field，简称STF)。
步骤103、第一STA比较第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点、侦听起点和数据包发送起点。
当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，执行步骤104；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点等于侦听起点时，执行步骤106；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点与数据包发送起点相同时，执行步骤107。
步骤104、第一STA在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
其中，第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙。
其中，侦听结果可以显示待接入信道是否被占用。
其中，对待接入信道进行侦听，具体是侦听待接入信道上是否有信号发送。在本实施例中，对侦听方式不作限定，可以采用相关技术提供的信道侦听方式。例如，可以检测待接入信道上Wi-Fi信号的功率，如果Wi-Fi信号的功率高于 门限值，则判定待接入信道被占用；反之，如果Wi-Fi信号的功率低于门限值，则判定待接入信道未被占用。还例如，可以检测待接入信道上Wi-Fi包头特征信号，如果信号的功率高于门限值，则判定待接入信道被占用；反之，如果信号的功率低于门限值，则判定待接入信道未被占用。
当第一时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，执行步骤105，当第一时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道被占用时，推迟发送。例如，可以退出本次流程，等待接收下一个第一指示帧。
步骤105、第一STA从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
步骤106、在侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
步骤107、在第二时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
其中，第二时隙为，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近数据包发送起点的时隙。
当第二时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。当第二时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道被占用时，推迟发送，例如退出本次流程，等待接收下一个第一指示帧。
AP接收第一STA发送的数据包。
本发明实施例通过第一STA在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；通过侦听的方式，可以检测待接入信道上是否有竞争信号；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，即在第一时隙待接入信道上没有竞争信号时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包；这样，第一STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第一STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入， 不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例二
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法。在本发明实施例中，将详细描述当STA的竞争信号待发送起点不同时，STA如何发送数据包。参见图3，该方法流程包括：
步骤201、AP广播第二指示帧。
其中，该第二指示帧用于指示每个接入时段中侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
在具体实现时，第二指示帧可以是关联回复帧(Association Response Frame)，由AP收到STA的关联请求后向STA发送。该第二指示帧还可以是信标帧，由AP每隔一段时间广播。该第二指示帧还可以是触发帧。
第一STA接收AP广播的第二指示帧，获得每个接入时段中侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
步骤202、第二STA广播网络分配矢量(Network Allocation Vector，简称NAV)消息。
其中，该NAV消息用于指示第二STA占用的信道及占用时间。
在实现时，如果第二STA与AP之间会有多轮消息交互，则第二STA可以在发送给AP的数据包中携带一个信道预留时间(NAV)信息，以告知其他STA自己将要占用的信道及占用时间。
第一STA接收第二STA广播的NAV消息。
在本实施例中，第一STA可以接收并解析第二STA向AP发送的数据包，获得数据包携带的NAV消息。
步骤203、第一STA在指定时段依次对AP的每个接入信道进行侦听。
其中，该指定时段的结束时间可以是AP广播第一指示帧的开始时间。侦听结果可以显示接入信道是否被占用。
在本实施例中，对信道的侦听方式不作限定，信道的侦听方式可以采用相 关技术提供的任何一种侦听方式。
步骤204、AP广播第一指示帧。
其中，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间，还用于指示当前接入时段的待接入信道。
具体地，第一指示帧可以包含随机接入资源的指示信息。在本实施例中，第一指示帧可以是触发帧。
第一STA接收第一指示帧。
步骤205、第一STA确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
其中，侦听起点早于数据包发送起点。侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙。第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点不早于侦听起点且不晚于数据包发送起点。
其中，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
其中，当前接入时段的侦听起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点的确定方式参见本发明实施例一中步骤102，在此不再赘述。
在本实施例中，当前接入时段的数据包发送起点的确定方式可以包括，将侦听起点加上预设数量的时隙，得到数据包发送起点。预设数量可以是第二指示帧指示出的数量(参见步骤201)，每个时隙的长度也可以是协议规定。
在可选的实施方式中，可以对数据包发送起点进行修正。由于各个STA与AP的距离不一致等因素，在进行上行传输时，某些STA可能存在较大的传播时延。这时，STA可以对信道时延进行测量，并将数据包发送起点提前两倍信道时延，以补偿信道时延，使得不同用户的正式随机接入包信号能对齐。
在第一种实施方式中，当前接入时段的待接入信道的确定方式包括，根据第二STA广播的NAV消息指示出的第二STA占用的信道及占用时间、第一指示帧指示的当前接入时段的待接入信道、和确定出的竞争信号待发送起点，确定待接入信道，确定出的待接入信道从确定出的竞争信号待发送起点开始未被第四STA占用(参见步骤202)。
在第二种实施方式中，当前接入时段的待接入信道的确定方式包括，获得第一STA在指定时段依次对AP的每个接入信道的侦听结果(参见步骤203)，根据每个接入信道的侦听结果，确定AP的每个接入信道中未被占用的接入信道，将未被占用的接入信道作为当前接入时段的待接入信道。
在第三种实施方式中，可以将第一种实施方式与第二种实施方式结合。
需要说明的是，通过上述三种实施方式，确定出的待接入信道可以是1个或多个。
步骤206、第一STA比较第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点、侦听起点和数据包发送起点。
当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，执行步骤207；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点等于侦听起点时，执行步骤209；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点与数据包发送起点相同时，执行步骤210。
参见图4，假设指定等待时长为SxIFS，第二指示帧指示当前接入时段的侦听点与数据包发送起点之间间隔2个时隙(时隙0和时隙1)，时隙2是时隙1之后的第一个时隙。则，侦听起点为时隙0的起点，数据包发送起点为时隙2的起点。第一STA待发送数据包的优先级可以为高优先级、中优先级或低优先级。高优先级对应的等待时长为SxIFS，中优先级对应的等待时长为(SxIFS+1个时隙)，低优先级对应的等待时长为(SxIFS+2个时隙)，那么，第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点可以为时隙0的起点(等于侦听起点)、时隙1的起点、或者时隙2的起点(等于数据包发送起点)。当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点为时隙0的起点时，执行步骤209；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点为时隙1的起点时，执行步骤207；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点为时隙2的起点时，执行步骤210。
步骤207、第一STA在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
其中，第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙。
其中，侦听结果可以显示待接入信道是否被占用。当第一时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，执行步骤208，当第一时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道被占用时，退出本次流程，等待接收下一个第一指示帧。
在待接入信道有1个时，第一STA在第一时隙只对一个信道进行侦听；在待接入信道有多个时，第一STA在第一时隙可以对多个信道进行侦听，得到多个待接入信道的侦听结果，可能存在多个待接入信道未被占用。
步骤208、第一STA从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向 AP发送数据包。
在实现时，当有多个待接入信道未被占用时(参见步骤207)，可以从未被占用的多个待接入信道中选择一个信道作为实际接入信道。然后，在实际接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过实际接入信道向AP发送数据包。
其中，该竞争信号可以由兼容格式的短训练域(Legacy-STF)生成。本领域技术人员可以理解的是，兼容格式的短训练域位于每个随机接入数据包(STA向AP发送的数据包)的头部。参见图5，随机接入数据包的头部一般包含有10个周期的STF，每个周期的STF为0.8微秒(T_PERIOD＝0.8us)，共计8微秒(T_SHORT＝8us)。
当采用兼容格式的短训练域生成竞争信号时，第一STA将要发送的兼容格式的短训练域的时间长度为8微秒加上从第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点开始到数据包发送起点结束的时段。假设从第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点开始到数据包发送起点结束的时段为9微秒(T_Bus＝9us)，参见图6，第一STA将要发送的兼容格式的短训练域的时间长度为17微秒，共计21.25个周期的STF。
具体地，STA及AP可以按照原有的接收短训练域的方式接收竞争信号。
作为可选的实施方式，本步骤208包括，首先，按照预置算法生成随机数。其次，比较该随机数与预置阈值。当该随机数小于预置阈值时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。当随机数不小于预置阈值时，退出本次流程，等待接收下一个第一指示帧。
步骤209、第一STA从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
其中，数据包包括头部信息和数据信息。
第一STA从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包，包括，从待接入信道包含的若干子信道中，选择一个子信道；在数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道的所有子信道发送头部信息，通过选择的子信道向AP发送数据信息。
作为可选的实施方式，该竞争信号还用于指示发送数据信息的子信道。
步骤210、第一STA在第二时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
其中，第二时隙为，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近数据包发送起点的时隙。
当第二时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。当第二时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道被占用时，退出本次流程；或者，解析待接入信道上的竞争信号，以确定竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道(参见步骤209)；从待接入信道包含的若干子信道中选择一个子信道；从数据发送起点开始通过待接入信道的所有子信道发送数据包的头部信息，通过选择的子信道向AP发送数据包的数据信息，选择出的子信道与竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道不同。
作为可选的实施方式，当第二时隙的侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，先按照预置算法生成随机数，再比较该随机数与预置阈值。当该随机数小于预置阈值时，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。当随机数不小于预置阈值时，退出本次流程，等待接收下一个第一指示帧。
AP接收第一STA发送的数据包。
本发明实施例通过第一STA在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；通过侦听的方式，可以检测待接入信道上是否有竞争信号；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，即在第一时隙待接入信道上没有竞争信号时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包；这样，第一STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第一STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例三
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法，参见图7，方法流程包括：
步骤301、第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M。
其中，M为整数且不小于1。
步骤302、AP广播第一指示帧。
其中，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间。
第三STA接收AP广播的第一指示帧。
步骤303、第三STA将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点。
其中，侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙。
具体地，当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点的确定方式可以参照本发明实施例一中步骤102，在此不再赘述。
当M-1为0时，完成退避过程，执行步骤304；当M-1不为0时，执行步骤305。
步骤304、第三STA从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
其中，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
步骤305、第三STA在以侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
当待接入信道在第一个时隙未被占用时，执行步骤306；当待接入信道在第一个时隙被占用、且第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，执行步骤307；当待接入信道在第一个时隙被占用、且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，退出本次流程，等待下一个接入时段。
步骤306、第三STA将退避值M-1更新为M-2。
当M-2为0且第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，完成退避过程，从第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
当M-2为0且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，完成退避过程，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
当M-2不为0且第一时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，执行步骤307。
当M-2不为0且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，退出本次流程，等待下一个接入时段。
步骤307、第三STA在第一时隙的下一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听，直到完成退避过程。
本发明实施例通过第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；这样，第三STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第三STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例四
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入方法，参见图8，方法流程包括：
步骤401、第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M。
其中，M为整数且不小于1。
本实施例对退避值M的生成方式不作限定，可以采用相关技术提供的任何一种退避值的生成方式。
步骤402、AP广播第二指示帧。
其中，该第二指示帧用于指示每个接入时段中侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
具体地，本步骤402同本发明实施例二中步骤201，在此不再赘述。
步骤403、第四STA广播NAV消息。
其中，该NAV消息用于指示第四STA占用的信道及占用时间。
第三STA接收第四STA广播的NAV消息。
具体地，本步骤403同本发明实施例二中步骤202，在此不再赘述。
步骤404、第三STA在指定时段依次对AP的每个接入信道进行侦听。
其中，该指定时段的结束时间可以是AP广播第一指示帧的开始时间。侦听结果可以显示接入信道是否被占用。
具体地，本步骤404同本发明实施例二中步骤203，在此不再赘述。
步骤405、AP广播第一指示帧。
其中，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间。
作为可选的实施方式，第一指示帧可以是触发帧。
第三STA接收AP广播的第一指示帧。
步骤406、第三STA将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点。
其中，侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙。
在本实施例中，当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点的确定方式可以参照本发明实施例中步骤205，在此不再赘述。
当M-1为0时，完成退避过程，执行步骤407；当M-1不为0时，执行步骤408。
步骤407、第三STA从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
其中，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。在本实施例中，对竞争信号的格式不做限定，竞争信号可以是任何一种AP和STA可以识别的信号。例如，可以根据每个STA的标识生成与STA对应的竞争信号，通过竞争信号可以识别出STA；还可以根据发送数据包的子信道编号生成与子信道编号对应的竞争信号，通过竞争信号可以确定发送数据包的子信道。作为可选的实施方式，竞争信号可以由STF生成。
本步骤407同本发明实施例中步骤209相同，在此不再赘述。
步骤408、第三STA在以侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
当待接入信道在第一个时隙未被占用时，执行步骤409；当待接入信道在第一个时隙被占用、且第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，执行步骤410；当待接入信道在第一个时隙被占用、且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，退出本次流程，等待下一个接入时段。
需要说明的是，在下一个接入时段将重复执行步骤405和步骤406，例如，第三STA在接收到指示下一个接入时段的开始时间的第一指示帧后，更新退避值M-1为M-2。
步骤409、第三STA将退避值M-1更新为M-2。
当M-2为0且第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，完成退避过程，从第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
当M-2为0且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，完成退避过程，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
当M-2不为0且第一时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，执行步骤410。
当M-2不为0且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，退出本次流程，等待下一个接入时段。
步骤410、第三STA在第一时隙的下一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听，直到完成退避过程。
具体地，第三STA在第一时隙的下一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听的过程同步骤408，在此不再赘述。
本发明实施例通过第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通 过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；这样，第三STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第三STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例五
参见图9，本发明实施例提供了一种终端设备，适用于实施例一或二提供的方法。该终端设备包括确定模块501、第一侦听模块502和第一发送模块503。
确定模块501，用于在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
第一侦听模块502，用于当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙。
第一发送模块503，用于当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
本发明实施例通过第一STA在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；通过侦听的方式，可以检测待接入信道上是否有竞争信号；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，即在第一时隙待接入信道上没有竞争信号时，从竞争信号 待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包；这样，第一STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第一STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例六
参见图10，本发明实施例提供了一种终端设备，适用于实施例一或二提供的方法。该终端设备包括确定模块601、第一侦听模块602和第一发送模块603。
确定模块601，用于在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
其中，确定模块601用于，将第一STA完成接收第一指示帧的时间加上指定等待时长，得到侦听起点。
其中，确定模块601用于，确定第一STA在当前接入时段待发送数据包的优先级；在预置的优先级与等待时长的对应关系中，获得待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，其中，优先级高的数据包对应的等待时长比优先级低的数据包对应的等待时长短，优先级最高的数据包对应的等待时长等于指定等待时长；将第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，得到第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
第一侦听模块602，用于当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙。
其中，第一侦听模块602还用于，在指定时段依次对AP的每个接入信道进行侦听；指定时段的结束时间为AP广播第一指示帧的开始时间。
确定模块601用于，根据每个接入信道的侦听结果，确定AP的每个接入 信道中未被占用的接入信道，将未被占用的接入信道作为当前接入时段的待接入信道。
第一发送模块603，用于当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
其中，该确定模块601还用于，当侦听结果显示待接入信道被占用时，确定下一个接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
作为可选的实施方式，第一发送模块603用于，当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，按照预置算法生成随机数；比较该随机数与预置阈值；当该随机数小于预置阈值时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号。
作为可选的实施方式，第一发送模块603还用于，当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点等于侦听起点时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
其中，第一侦听模块602还用于，当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点与数据包发送起点相同时，在第二时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第二时隙为，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近数据包发送起点的时隙。
第一发送模块603还用于，当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
其中，该设备还包括第一接收模块604，第一接收模块604用于接收AP广播的第二指示帧，该第二指示帧用于指示侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
其中，该第一接收模块604还用于，接收第二STA广播的NAV消息；该NAV消息用于指示第二STA占用的信道及占用时间；其中，确定出的待接入信道从确定出的竞争信号待发送起点开始未被第二STA占用。
其中，第一指示帧还用于指示多个待接入信道。
第一侦听模块602用于，当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对多个待接入信道进行侦听。
第一发送模块603用于，当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，根据在第一时隙对多个待接入信道的侦听结果，从多个待接入信道中选择一个信道；从竞争信号待发送起点开始在选择出的信道上广播竞争信号。
其中，数据包包括头部信息和数据信息。
第一发送模块603用于，当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从待接入信道包含的若干子信道中，选择一个子信道；在数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道的所有子信道发送头部信息，通过选择的子信道向AP发送数据信息。
其中，该竞争信号还用于指示发送数据信息的子信道。
该第一发送模块603还用于，当侦听结果显示待接入信道被占用时，解析待接入信道上的竞争信号，以确定竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道；从待接入信道包含的若干子信道中选择一个子信道，选择出的子信道与竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道不同；从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过选择的子信道向AP发送数据包。
作为可选的实施方式，该竞争信号由短训练域生成。
本发明实施例通过第一STA在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；通过侦听的方式，可以检测待接入信道上是否有竞争信号；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，即在第一时隙待接入信道上没有竞争信号时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包；这样，第一STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第一STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA 方式发送数据包。
图11示出了一种终端设备的硬件结构，该终端设备可以是前述实施例五或六中的终端设备。该终端设备一般包括至少一个处理器12(例如CPU)、用户接口14、至少一个网络接口15或者其他通信接口、存储器16、和至少一个通信总线13。本领域技术人员可以理解，图11中示出的结构并不构成对终端设备的限定，其可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。
下面结合图11对该终端设备的各个构成部件进行具体的介绍：
通信总线13用于实现处理器12、存储器16及通信接口之间的连接通信。
至少一个网络接口15(可以是有线或者无线)实现该终端设备与至少一个服务器之间的通信连接，可以使用互联网，广域网，本地网，城域网等。
存储器16可用于存储软件程序以及应用模块，处理器12通过运行存储在存储器16的软件程序以及应用模块，从而执行终端设备的各种功能应用以及数据处理。存储器16可主要包括存储程序区和存储数据区，其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需的应用程序(比如侦听信道等)等；存储数据区可存储根据终端设备的使用所创建的数据(比如待发送数据包的优先级)等。此外，存储器16可以包括高速RAM(Random Access Memory，随机存取存储器)，还可以包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他易失性固态存储器件。
用户接口14，包括但不限于显示器和输入设备。其中，输入设备通常包括键盘和点击设备(例如，鼠标，轨迹球(trackball)，触感板或者触感显示屏)。其中，显示器可用于显示由用户输入的信息或提供给用户的信息以及终端设备的各种菜单、以及图片或视频中的图像等；键盘和点击设备可用于接收输入的数字或字符信息，以及产生与终端设备的用户设置以及功能控制有关的信号输入，比如接收用户触发的视频播放请求等。
处理器12是终端设备的控制中心，利用各种接口和线路连接整个终端设备的各个部分，通过运行或执行存储在存储器16内的软件程序和/或应用模块，以及调用存储在存储器16内的数据，执行终端设备的各种功能和处理数据，从而对终端设备进行整体监控。
具体地，通过运行或执行存储在存储器16内的软件程序和/或应用模块， 以及调用存储在存储器16内的数据，处理器12可以实现，在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；比较第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；当第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点位于侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包。
实施例七
参见图12，本发明实施例提供了一种终端设备，适用于实施例三或四提供的方法。该终端设备包括生成模块701、第二接收模块702、更新模块703和第二发送模块704。
生成模块701，用于生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1。
第二接收模块702，用于接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间。
更新模块703，用于将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙。
第二发送模块704，用于当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
本发明实施例通过第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入 信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；这样，第三STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第三STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例八
参见图13，本发明实施例提供了一种终端设备，适用于实施例三或四提供的方法。该终端设备包括生成模块801、第二接收模块802、更新模块803和第二发送模块804。生成模块801、第二接收模块802、更新模块803和第二发送模块804分别与本发明实施例七中生成模块701、第二接收模块702、更新模块703和第二发送模块704相同，在此不再赘述。本发明实施例与实施例七的区别如下。
其中，该终端设备还包括第二侦听模块805，该第二侦听模块805用于，当M-1不为0时，在以侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
更新模块803还用于，当待接入信道在第一个时隙未被占用时，将退避值M-1更新为M-2。
第二发送模块804还用于，当M-2为0且第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，从第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
其中，该第二发送模块804还用于，当M-2为0且第一个时隙的结束时间为数据包发送起点时，从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包。
第二侦听模块805还用于，当M-2不为0且第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙的下一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
其中，第二侦听模块805还用于，当待接入信道在第一个时隙被占用、且 第一个时隙与数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙的下一个时隙对待接入信道进行侦听。
本发明实施例通过第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；这样，第三STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第三STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
图14示出了一种终端设备的硬件结构，该终端设备可以是前述实施例五或六中的终端设备。该终端设备一般包括至少一个处理器22(例如CPU)、用户接口24、至少一个网络接口25或者其他通信接口、存储器26、和至少一个通信总线23。本领域技术人员可以理解，图14中示出的结构并不构成对终端设备的限定，其可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。
下面结合图14对该终端设备的各个构成部件进行具体的介绍：
通信总线23用于实现处理器22、存储器26及通信接口之间的连接通信。
至少一个网络接口25(可以是有线或者无线)实现该终端设备与至少一个服务器之间的通信连接，可以使用互联网，广域网，本地网，城域网等。
存储器26可用于存储软件程序以及应用模块，处理器22通过运行存储在存储器26的软件程序以及应用模块，从而执行终端设备的各种功能应用以及数据处理。存储器26可主要包括存储程序区和存储数据区，其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需的应用程序(比如侦听信道等)等；存储数据区可存储根据终端设备的使用所创建的数据(比如退避值的生成算法) 等。此外，存储器26可以包括高速RAM(Random Access Memory，随机存取存储器)，还可以包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他易失性固态存储器件。
用户接口24，包括但不限于显示器和输入设备。其中，输入设备通常包括键盘和点击设备(例如，鼠标，轨迹球(trackball)，触感板或者触感显示屏)。其中，显示器可用于显示由用户输入的信息或提供给用户的信息以及终端设备的各种菜单、以及图片或视频中的图像等；键盘和点击设备可用于接收输入的数字或字符信息，以及产生与终端设备的用户设置以及功能控制有关的信号输入，比如接收用户触发的视频播放请求等。
处理器22是终端设备的控制中心，利用各种接口和线路连接整个终端设备的各个部分，通过运行或执行存储在存储器26内的软件程序和/或应用模块，以及调用存储在存储器26内的数据，执行终端设备的各种功能和处理数据，从而对终端设备进行整体监控。
具体地，通过运行或执行存储在存储器26内的软件程序和/或应用模块，以及调用存储在存储器26内的数据，处理器22可以实现，生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用。
实施例九
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入系统，参见图15，该随机接入系统包括至少一个AP 901和STA 902。
其中，该STA 902可以是实施例五或六提供的终端设备。
本发明实施例通过第一STA在接收AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙，竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；当竞争信号待发送起点位于侦 听起点与数据包发送起点之间、且分别与侦听起点和数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对待接入信道进行侦听；第一时隙为，侦听起点与竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；通过侦听的方式，可以检测待接入信道上是否有竞争信号；当侦听结果显示待接入信道未被占用时，即在第一时隙待接入信道上没有竞争信号时，从竞争信号待发送起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送数据包；这样，第一STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第一STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
实施例十
本发明实施例提供了一种随机接入系统，参见图16，该随机接入系统包括至少一个AP 1001和STA 1002。
其中，该STA 1002可以是实施例七或八提供的终端设备。
本发明实施例通过第三STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；接收AP广播的第一指示帧，第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；将退避值M更新为M-1，并确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；侦听起点早于数据包发送起点，侦听起点与数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；当M-1为0时，从侦听起点开始在待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到数据包发送起点结束，并从数据包发送起点开始通过待接入信道向AP发送待发送数据包；竞争信号用于指示待接入信道被占用；这样，第三STA可以先占用空闲信道，其他STA检测到第三STA的竞争信号后，可以迟些接入，不同的STA可以通过检测竞争信号的方式先后接入，可以有效解决信道空闲或过度竞争的问题；同时，在每个接入时段，STA统一在数据包发送起点向AP发送数据包，这样，各个STA发送数据包的时间一致，避免AP分别同步各个STA的信号；而且当各个STA发送数据包的时间一致时，STA可以采用OFDMA方式发送数据包。
需要说明的是：上述实施例提供的终端设备在实现随机接入时，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将设备的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。另外，上述实施例提供的终端设备与随机接入方法实施例属于同一构思，其具体实现过程详见方法实施例，这里不再赘述。
上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一站点STA在接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；所述第一指示帧用于指示所述当前接入时段的开始时间，所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙；
    当所述竞争信号待发送起点位于所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间、且分别与所述侦听起点和所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第一时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近所述竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；
    当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包，所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述竞争信号待发送起点等于所述侦听起点时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述竞争信号待发送起点与所述数据包发送起点相同时，在第二时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第二时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近所述数据包发送起点的时隙；
    当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定当前接入 时段的侦听起点，包括：
    将完成接收所述第一指示帧的时间加上指定等待时长，得到所述侦听起点。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定竞争信号待发送起点，包括：
    确定所述第一STA在所述当前接入时段待发送数据包的优先级；
    在预置的优先级与等待时长的对应关系中，获得所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，其中，优先级高的数据包对应的等待时长比优先级低的数据包对应的等待时长短，优先级最高的数据包对应的等待时长等于所述指定等待时长；
    将所述第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，得到所述第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述AP广播的第二指示帧，所述第二指示帧用于指示所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号之前，还包括：
    按照预置算法生成随机数；
    比较所述随机数与预置阈值；
    当所述随机数小于所述预置阈值时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一指示帧还用于指示多个待接入信道；
    所述在第一时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听，包括：
    在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道进行侦听；
    从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，包括：
    根据在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道的侦听结果，从所述多个待接入信道中选择一个信道；
    从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在选择出的信道上广播所述竞争信号。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据包包括头部信息和数据信息，
    从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包，包括：
    从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中，选择一个所述子信道；
    在所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道的所有子信道发送所述头部信息，通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送所述数据信息。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述竞争信号还用于指示发送数据信息的子信道；
    当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，解析所述待接入信道上的竞争信号，以确定所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道；
    从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中选择一个子信道，选择出的子信道与所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道不同；
    从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送数据包。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，确定下一个接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在确定当前接入时段的待接入信道之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收第二STA广播的网络分配矢量NAV消息；所述NAV消息用于指示所述第二STA占用的信道及占用时间；其中，确定出的待接入信道从确定出的竞争信号待发送起点开始未被所述第二STA占用。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述确定当前接 入时段的待接入信道，包括：
    在指定时段依次对所述AP的每个接入信道进行侦听；所述指定时段的结束时间为所述AP广播所述第一指示帧的开始时间；
    根据每个所述接入信道的侦听结果，确定所述AP的每个接入信道中未被占用的接入信道，将所述未被占用的接入信道作为所述当前接入时段的待接入信道。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述竞争信号由短训练域生成。
  15. 一种随机接入方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第三站点STA生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；
    接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧，所述第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；
    将所述退避值M更新为M-1，并确定所述当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；
    当M-1为0时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当M-1不为0时，在以所述侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；
    当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙未被占用时，将M-1更新为M-2；
    当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，从所述第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙的结束时间为所述数据包发送起点时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；
    当M-2不为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙被占用、且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
  19. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备包括：
    确定模块，用于在接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧后，确定当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点；所述第一指示帧用于指示所述当前接入时段的开始时间，所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔一个或多个时隙；
    第一侦听模块，用于当所述竞争信号待发送起点位于所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间、且分别与所述侦听起点和所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在第一时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第一时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述竞争信号待发送起点之间间隔的时隙中靠近所述竞争信号待发送起点的时隙；
    第一发送模块，用于当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包，所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第一发送模块还用于，
    当所述竞争信号待发送起点等于所述侦听起点时，从所述侦听起点开始在 所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第一侦听模块还用于，
    当所述竞争信号待发送起点与所述数据包发送起点相同时，在第二时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；所述第二时隙为，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的若干时隙中靠近所述数据包发送起点的时隙；
    所述第一发送模块还用于，当侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送数据包。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块用于，
    将完成接收所述第一指示帧的时间加上指定等待时长，得到所述侦听起点。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块用于，
    确定所述第一STA在所述当前接入时段待发送数据包的优先级；
    在预置的优先级与等待时长的对应关系中，获得所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，其中，优先级高的数据包对应的等待时长比优先级低的数据包对应的等待时长短，优先级最高的数据包对应的等待时长等于所述指定等待时长；
    将所述第一指示帧的接收完成时间加上所述待发送数据包的优先级对应的等待时长，得到所述第一STA的竞争信号待发送起点。
  24. 根据权利要求19-23任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述设备还包括：
    第一接收模块，用于接收所述AP广播的第二指示帧，所述第二指示帧用于指示所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔的时隙数量。
  25. 根据权利要求19-24任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第一发送模块还用于，
    当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，按照预置算法生成随机数；
    比较所述随机数与预置阈值；
    当所述随机数小于所述预置阈值时，从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号。
  26. 根据权利要求19-25任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第一指示帧还用于指示多个待接入信道；
    所述第一侦听模块用于，当所述竞争信号待发送起点位于所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间、且分别与所述侦听起点和所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道进行侦听；
    所述第一发送模块用于，当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道未被占用时，根据在所述第一时隙对所述多个待接入信道的侦听结果，从所述多个待接入信道中选择一个信道；从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在选择出的信道上广播所述竞争信号。
  27. 根据权利要求19-26任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述数据包包括头部信息和数据信息，
    所述第一发送模块用于，从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中，选择一个所述子信道；在所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道的所有子信道发送所述头部信息，通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送所述数据信息。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述竞争信号还用于指示发送数据信息的子信道；
    所述第一发送模块还用于，当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，解析所述待接入信道上的竞争信号，以确定所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道；从所述待接入信道包含的若干子信道中选择一个子信道，选择出的子信道与所述竞争信号指示的发送数据信息的子信道不同；从所述竞争信号待发送起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播所述竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过选择的子信道向所述AP发送数据包。
  29. 根据权利要求19-28任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述确定模块还用于，
    当所述侦听结果显示所述待接入信道被占用时，确定下一个接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点、数据包发送起点、以及竞争信号待发送起点。
  30. 根据权利要求19-29任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第一接收模块还用于，
    接收第二STA广播的网络分配矢量NAV消息；所述NAV消息用于指示所述第二STA占用的信道及占用时间；其中，确定出的待接入信道从确定出的竞争信号待发送起点开始未被所述第二STA占用。
  31. 根据权利要求19-30任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第一侦听模块还用于，
    在指定时段依次对所述AP的每个接入信道进行侦听；所述指定时段的结束时间为所述AP广播所述第一指示帧的开始时间；
    确定模块用于，根据每个所述接入信道的侦听结果，确定所述AP的每个接入信道中未被占用的接入信道，将所述未被占用的接入信道作为所述当前接入时段的待接入信道。
  32. 根据权利要求19-31任一项所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述竞争信号由短训练域生成。
  33. 一种终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备包括：
    生成模块，用于生成与待发送数据包对应的退避值M，M为整数且不小于1；
    第二接收模块，用于接收接入节点AP广播的第一指示帧，所述第一指示帧用于指示当前接入时段的开始时间；
    更新模块，用于将所述退避值M更新为M-1，并确定所述当前接入时段的待接入信道、侦听起点和数据包发送起点；所述侦听起点早于所述数据包发送起点，所述侦听起点与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔若干时隙；
    第二发送模块，用于当M-1为0时，从所述侦听起点开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；所述竞争信号用于指示所述待接入信道被占用。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述终端设备还包括第二侦听模块，所述第二侦听模块用于，
    当M-1不为0时，在以所述侦听起点为开始时间的第一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听；
    所述更新模块还用于，当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙未被占用时，当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙未被占用时，将M-1更新为M-2；
    所述第二发送模块还用于，当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，从所述第一个时隙的下一个时隙开始在所述待接入信道上广播竞争信号，直到所述数据包发送起点结束，并从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包。
  35. 根据权利要求34所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第二发送模块还用于，
    当M-2为0且所述第一个时隙的结束时间为所述数据包发送起点时，从所述数据包发送起点开始通过所述待接入信道向所述AP发送所述待发送数据包；
    所述第二侦听模块还用于，
    当M-2不为0且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
  36. 根据权利要求34或35所述的终端设备，其特征在于，所述第二侦听模块还用于，
    当所述待接入信道在所述第一个时隙被占用、且所述第一个时隙与所述数据包发送起点之间间隔至少一个时隙时，在所述第一时隙的下一个时隙对所述待接入信道进行侦听。
  37. 一种随机接入系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括至少一个接入节点AP 和站点STA，所述STA为权利要求19-32中任一项权利要求所述的终端设备。
  38. 一种随机接入系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括至少一个接入节点AP和站点STA，所述STA为权利要求33-36中任一项权利要求所述的终端设备。
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