WO2017001339A1 - Composite floor and connection for such a composite floor - Google Patents

Composite floor and connection for such a composite floor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017001339A1
WO2017001339A1 PCT/EP2016/064854 EP2016064854W WO2017001339A1 WO 2017001339 A1 WO2017001339 A1 WO 2017001339A1 EP 2016064854 W EP2016064854 W EP 2016064854W WO 2017001339 A1 WO2017001339 A1 WO 2017001339A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floor
vehicle
skin
assembly
receiving
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/064854
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sylvain Claudel
Original Assignee
Airbus Defence And Space Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR1556075A external-priority patent/FR3037858B1/en
Priority claimed from FR1558645A external-priority patent/FR3037915B1/en
Application filed by Airbus Defence And Space Sas filed Critical Airbus Defence And Space Sas
Publication of WO2017001339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017001339A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/10—Floors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/06—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions for securing layers together; for attaching the product to another member, e.g. to a support, or to another product, e.g. groove/tongue, interlocking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/514—Oriented
    • B32B2307/52—Oriented multi-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/10—Trains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the transport sector in general and the railway in particular. In this sector, it concerns the use of composite materials in order to make it possible to lighten the structures of vehicles at a lower cost. As in any transport field, the lightening of the structures allows the use of a lower consumption of energy, which is of interest both economically and ecologically.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a composite floor and connections of such a floor with a car structure, including rail, and more particularly relates to how to design an intermediate floor of a rail car and its attachment to the ends longitudinal dimensions of the car taking into account the specificities of composite materials.
  • Figure 1 shows a two-stage train car with an intermediate floor.
  • the problem concerns the realization of such a composite material floor and its attachment to both ends of the vehicle. Indeed, the fixing of the floor must guarantee the control of various requirements such as the structural strength of the vehicle, but also easy manufacture and possible replacement of the simplified floor.
  • a rail-type or articulated vehicle is provided at its ends with connecting devices with other vehicles.
  • These devices are generally quite complex since they take all the static and dynamic forces of the vehicle, in a specific way in the sense that these connecting forces are not distributed over the entire width of the vehicle: indeed a vehicle to the other, these efforts are transmitted for example by patella devices, hooks or other attachment device.
  • the railway reference structure is a structure made of metallic materials, steel or aluminum.
  • the introduction of composite materials involves constraints, in particular because the composite materials do not lend themselves to welding and require other assembly solutions.
  • the present invention is particularly intended to allow the assembly of a composite material floor on the ends of a vehicle.
  • This assembly must contribute with the chassis to the recovery of the longitudinal forces of traction / compression between the vehicles, to be compatible with the development cabin that introduces asymmetries, for example because of the presence of stairs. It must be designed to assemble with the end links, in terms of mounting and manufacturing games.
  • the present invention mainly provides a vehicle floor consisting on the one hand of a composite sandwich panel provided with a top skin, a lower skin and a core and on the other end crosspieces. on which resemble the longitudinal ends of the skins of the panel, said end crosspiece having a support wing on an end structure of the vehicle and constituting means for recovery and diffusion of the vehicle connection forces in the width of the vehicle. floor.
  • the end rails are metal sleepers.
  • the end crosspieces preferably comprise a hollow tubular profile provided with an upper face on which the upper skin of the floor bears and a lower face under which the lower skin of the floor is received.
  • the support wing advantageously extends the upper face of the hollow profile in alignment with the upper skin.
  • the skins are riveted on said upper and lower faces.
  • the end crosspieces advantageously comprise between the upper and lower faces a first upright floor side. They preferably comprise a second amount on the end structure side.
  • the lateral edges of the floor have lateral assembly ends comprising a longitudinal tubular reinforcement element integrated in the panel and running along the edge of the panel.
  • the floor of the invention may in particular constitute an intermediate floor of a two-storey railway vehicle.
  • it preferably comprises a recess intended to allow a staircase to pass between the said stages.
  • the floor may have localized skin thicknesses to locally increase the resistance.
  • the invention further relates to an assembly comprising a vehicle floor according to the invention provided with two end crosspieces and end structures of a vehicle for which the end structures each comprise a frame provided with a beam. receiving end crosspieces, said beam being provided with an upper receiving face of said wing, a front face and a lower wing for receiving a shoe of the cross member.
  • the beams are preferably designed to exceed areas of congestion related to the connecting devices.
  • a stuffing material such as a putty is advantageously disposed between the end stops of the beams and sleepers so as to ensure the recovery of the sets of manufacture and assembly of the floor.
  • the floor may further comprise, at its lateral edges, longitudinal tubular reinforcements under which the lower skin terminates, while the upper skin extends along a free edge cantilevered beyond the tubular reinforcement, the assembly comprising on each side face a bracket with two staggered and staggered fixing levels receiving the end of the lower skin under the reinforcement on a first of said levels and receiving said free edge ending the upper skin on a second of said levels.
  • Fixing the sleepers on the beams and / or fixing the floor to the side faces is preferably performed by riveting.
  • FIG. 1 a diagrammatic exploded perspective view of an intermediate floor train car
  • Figure 2 a perspective view of a floor according to the invention applicable to a car according to Figure 1; in Figure 3: a section of the floor of Figure 2 in Figure 4: a perspective view of a floor of the invention and its attachment to an end structure of a train car;
  • FIG. 6 a partial perspective view of a cross member according to the invention and a structural member receiving it;
  • Figure 8 a schematic perspective view of the attachment of the floor on one side of the car.
  • the invention relates to a floor 100 of vehicle 10 in one piece structural that participates in the recovery efforts applied to the car comprising.
  • the floor as shown in Figure 2 in particular consists of a sandwich composite panel provided with an upper skin 101, a lower skin 102 and a core 103 shown in Figure 3.
  • This floor is made without stiffeners such as sleepers reported from place to place on the length of the floor.
  • the floor of the invention further comprises end crosspieces 104 which allow easy assembly of the floor with the support structure of the car at the end terminations of the car as shown in Figure 7 where the terminations 20 carrying the fasteners 21 receive from above the sleepers 104 finishing the floor.
  • the floor is made before mounting in the car by joining the composite panel with the cross members 104 at each of its two longitudinal ends.
  • the longitudinal ends of the skins 101, 102 of the panel are taken up on the lower and upper faces of the cross member 104, said end crossmember comprising a flange 114 for bearing on an end structure of the vehicle 20 .
  • the crosspieces constitute means of recovery and diffusion of the binding forces applied to the end structures, in particular by the coupling device 21 of the car in the width of the floor.
  • sleepers are reinforced as far as necessary and comprise a hollow tubular profile 124 provided with an upper face 125 on which the upper skin 101 of the floor bears and a lower face 126 in which the lower skin 102 of the floor.
  • the skins are riveted with blind rivets 501 on the tubular portion 124 of the crossbar.
  • the floor is then a complete subassembly which can be placed at its cross members on the end beams 201 which, as shown in particular in FIG. 6, comprise for receiving the crosspieces a bearing surface 202 receiving the wing 114 of the cross member and a lower flange 204 receiving a lower face of the cross member, here having a shoe 116 providing a bearing surface extending from the lower skin of the composite panel 102 as shown in FIG.
  • rivets 502, 503 join the cross member and the beam.
  • the end crossbar 104 is a metal crossbar.
  • the end beam may also be metallic and made with a box frame 22 provided with wings 22a, 22b fixed under the beam the fastening structure of the fastener 21 of the car as shown in Figure 4.
  • the proposed solution thus comprises a single-piece composite floor made of sandwich material over most of its length and without stiffeners to simplify manufacture. It also includes sleepers ending the floor and transmitting the efforts of compression and traction between the end structure and the floor.
  • a floor without stiffener implies that the connecting forces are taken over the entire width of the floor as allow the sleepers located at the ends of the floor.
  • the sizing of the skins and the floor core is carried out according to the usual calculation methods including finite elements that take into account the shape of the floor and the forces experienced by the floor and the vehicle according to the load and effort conditions. applicable hitch.
  • the crosspieces comprise between the upper and lower faces a post 128 end structure side 20, this amount transmitting the compressive forces between the end structure and the skins 101 and 102.
  • These metal sleepers are also designed such that they are outside the congested areas related to the connecting devices and the end frames used to support the faces and the ceiling of the car.
  • the establishment of composite monobloc floor can be done easily since it is sufficient to mount it to lay its sleepers on the end structures and then fix them on them.
  • the support wing 114 extends the upper face of the hollow profile 124 in alignment with the upper skin 101.
  • a stuffing material 40 such as a filler resin assures the recovery of the manufacturing / assembly sets of the floor and transmits the forces between end stops 128, 203 of the beams and crosspieces.
  • This two-component epoxy resin such as for example known under the reference EP05019 + hardener of the Hexcel company is characterized by a sufficient compressive strength is a breaking stress in pure compression according to NF ISO 604 greater than 80MPa for the application cited.
  • the thickness of the filling is limited to 5mm in the sizing of the floor and chassis of the car.
  • the link between the beam and the beam is particularly stressed since it takes up a significant part of the cases of tensile load 100 tons and compression 200 tons, which justifies the reinforcements of ends.
  • the lateral edges of the floor comprise lateral joining ends comprising a longitudinal tubular reinforcement element 300 integrated in the panel and running along the edge of the panel.
  • the floor further comprises inserts 301 which serve for example to the fixing of the seats of the car.
  • the longitudinal tubular reinforcements 300 under which the lower skin 102 terminates serve as means of fixing the floor to the faces of the vehicle and according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the upper skin 101 is extended along a free edge cantilevered at beyond the tubular reinforcement 300.
  • the lateral faces 600 of the vehicle are equipped with bracket 400 with two staggered and staggered fastening levels 401, 402 for receiving the lower skin termination 102 under the reinforcement on a first 402 of said levels and receiving said free edge ending the upper skin 101 on a second 401 of said levels.
  • the solution chosen is a riveting of the skins 101, 102 and reinforcements 300 on the faces 401, 402 for receiving the latter on the brackets which simplifies the assembly of the floor is its implantation in the car.
  • the composite panel of the floor is configured according to the implementation of the internal arrangements of the vehicle and for example includes at least one recess 150 for passing a staircase between said floors and has cutouts and profiles adapted to the vehicle equipment.
  • the floor has skin thicknesses 101a, 101b located in its extreme parts and made during the draping of the skins.
  • the beams 201 are designed to exceed areas of congestion related to the connecting devices which avoids any interference between the latter and the floor during its installation.
  • the introduction of the forces into the end crosspieces is punctual and misaligned.
  • the inertia of sleepers makes it possible to distribute the forces homogeneously in the end of the floor; the forces being distributed over the width of the floor.
  • the extra thicknesses 101a, 101b are especially made with draping skins oriented at ⁇ 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the floor to perfect the diffusion of efforts.
  • the floor may comprise a core of the order of 50 mm thick and skins with a thickness of about 3.5 mm to 4 mm in the unreinforced areas and from 4mm to 5mm in reinforced areas.
  • the fibers used for the floor are for example a high strength carbon with a succession of plies oriented at 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° of the longitudinal axis of the floor.
  • the dry grammage of the plies can be chosen between 100 and 500 g / m 2 according to the measured stresses.
  • the invention has been described in the context of an application for two-stage train cars but can be used for any type of rail vehicle, high-speed trains, regional trains, urban vehicles such as subways, trams, trains - trams and other types of vehicles, the floor of the invention can achieve a low floor or an intermediate floor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a floor (100) for a vehicle (10), formed by: a composite sandwich panel comprising an upper skin (101), a lower skin (102) and a core (103); and end cross-members (104) supporting the longitudinal ends of the skins (101, 102) of the panel, said end cross-members comprising a flange (114) that rests on an end structure of the vehicle (20) and forming means for taking-up and distributing connection loads across the width of the floor.

Description

PLANCHER COMPOSITE ET LIAISON POUR UN TEL PLANCHER  COMPOSITE FLOOR AND LIAISON FOR SUCH FLOOR
Domaine de l'invention Field of the invention
La présente invention se situe dans le secteur des transports en général et le ferroviaire en particulier. Dans ce secteur, elle concerne l'utilisation des matériaux composites de façon à permettre d'alléger à moindre cout les structures des véhicules. Comme dans tout domaine de transport, l'allégement des structures permet à l'utilisation une moindre consommation d'énergie, ce qui a un intérêt à la fois économique et écologique.  The present invention is in the transport sector in general and the railway in particular. In this sector, it concerns the use of composite materials in order to make it possible to lighten the structures of vehicles at a lower cost. As in any transport field, the lightening of the structures allows the use of a lower consumption of energy, which is of interest both economically and ecologically.
La présente invention traite plus particulièrement d'un plancher composite et des liaisons d'un tel plancher avec une structure de voiture, ferroviaire notamment, et concerne encore plus particulièrement la façon de concevoir un plancher intermédiaire d'une voiture ferroviaire et sa fixation aux extrémités longitudinales de la voiture en tenant compte des spécificités des matériaux composites.  The present invention relates more particularly to a composite floor and connections of such a floor with a car structure, including rail, and more particularly relates to how to design an intermediate floor of a rail car and its attachment to the ends longitudinal dimensions of the car taking into account the specificities of composite materials.
La présente demande revendique la priorité des demandes de brevets FR1556075 déposée le 29 juin 2015 et FR1558645 déposée le 15 septembre 2015.  The present application claims the priority of the patent applications FR1556075 filed on June 29, 2015 and FR1558645 filed on September 15, 2015.
Arrière plan technologique  Technological background
La figure 1 représente une voiture de train à deux étages qui comporte un plancher intermédiaire. La problématique concerne la réalisation d'un tel plancher en matériaux composites et sa fixation aux deux extrémités du véhicule. En effet, la fixation du plancher doit garantir la maîtrise de diverses exigences comme la tenue structurale du véhicule, mais aussi une fabrication aisée et un remplacement éventuel du plancher simplifié. Figure 1 shows a two-stage train car with an intermediate floor. The problem concerns the realization of such a composite material floor and its attachment to both ends of the vehicle. Indeed, the fixing of the floor must guarantee the control of various requirements such as the structural strength of the vehicle, but also easy manufacture and possible replacement of the simplified floor.
Un véhicule de type ferroviaire ou articulé est pourvu à ses extrémités de dispositifs de liaison avec d'autres véhicules. Ces dispositifs sont en général assez complexes puisqu' ils reprennent tous les efforts statiques et dynamiques du véhicule, de façon ponctuelle au sens que ces efforts de liaison ne sont pas répartis sur toute la largeur du véhicule : en effet d'un véhicule à l'autre, ces efforts sont transmis par exemple par des dispositifs à rotule, des crochets ou autre dispositif d'attache.  A rail-type or articulated vehicle is provided at its ends with connecting devices with other vehicles. These devices are generally quite complex since they take all the static and dynamic forces of the vehicle, in a specific way in the sense that these connecting forces are not distributed over the entire width of the vehicle: indeed a vehicle to the other, these efforts are transmitted for example by patella devices, hooks or other attachment device.
Ces dispositifs de liaison génèrent par ailleurs en général de l'encombrement et la reprise des efforts internes au véhicule est complexe, notamment en ce qui concerne les efforts qui peuvent être répartis sur toute la largeur du véhicule .  These connecting devices generally generate congestion and the recovery of internal forces to the vehicle is complex, especially with regard to the efforts that can be spread over the entire width of the vehicle.
La structure de référence ferroviaire est une structure en matériaux métalliques, acier ou aluminium. L'introduction de matériaux composite implique des contraintes notamment du fait que les matériaux composites ne se prêtent pas au soudage et nécessitent d'autres solutions d'assemblage.  The railway reference structure is a structure made of metallic materials, steel or aluminum. The introduction of composite materials involves constraints, in particular because the composite materials do not lend themselves to welding and require other assembly solutions.
En outre une structure en matériaux composite optimisée doit être reconçue par rapport à la même structure en matériaux métalliques pour limiter les conséquences du coût important de ces matériaux.  In addition, an optimized composite material structure must be redesigned with respect to the same structure of metal materials to limit the consequences of the significant cost of these materials.
Brève description de l'invention  Brief description of the invention
La présente invention a particulièrement pour objectif de permettre l'assemblage d'un plancher en matériaux composites sur les extrémités d'un véhicule.  The present invention is particularly intended to allow the assembly of a composite material floor on the ends of a vehicle.
Cet assemblage doit contribuer avec le châssis à la reprise des efforts longitudinaux de traction/compression entre les véhicules, être compatible avec l'aménagement cabine qui introduit des dissymétries, par exemple du fait de la présence d'escaliers. Il doit être conçu pour s'assembler avec les liaisons d'extrémité, en terme de jeux de montage et de fabrication. This assembly must contribute with the chassis to the recovery of the longitudinal forces of traction / compression between the vehicles, to be compatible with the development cabin that introduces asymmetries, for example because of the presence of stairs. It must be designed to assemble with the end links, in terms of mounting and manufacturing games.
En outre un tel plancher doit être adapté à la reprise de la charge verticale qu'il subit, notamment le poids des passagers .  In addition, such a floor must be adapted to the recovery of the vertical load that it undergoes, including the weight of the passengers.
Pour ce faire la présente invention propose principalement un plancher de véhicule constitué d'une part d'un panneau composite sandwich pourvu d'une peau supérieure, d'une peau inférieure et d'une âme et d'autre part de traverses d'extrémité sur lesquelles se reprennent les extrémités longitudinales des peaux du panneau, lesdites traverse d'extrémité comportant une aile d'appui sur une structure d'extrémité du véhicule et constituant des moyens de reprise et de diffusion des efforts de liaison du véhicule dans la largeur du plancher.  To do this, the present invention mainly provides a vehicle floor consisting on the one hand of a composite sandwich panel provided with a top skin, a lower skin and a core and on the other end crosspieces. on which resemble the longitudinal ends of the skins of the panel, said end crosspiece having a support wing on an end structure of the vehicle and constituting means for recovery and diffusion of the vehicle connection forces in the width of the vehicle. floor.
Avantageusement, les traverses d'extrémité sont des traverses métallique.  Advantageously, the end rails are metal sleepers.
Les traverses d'extrémité comportent préférablement un profil creux tubulaire pourvu d'une face supérieure sur laquelle vient s'appuyer la peau supérieure du plancher et d'une face inférieure sous laquelle est reçue la peau inférieure du plancher.  The end crosspieces preferably comprise a hollow tubular profile provided with an upper face on which the upper skin of the floor bears and a lower face under which the lower skin of the floor is received.
L'aile d'appui prolonge avantageusement la face supérieure du profil creux en alignement avec la peau supérieure .  The support wing advantageously extends the upper face of the hollow profile in alignment with the upper skin.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les peaux sont rivetées sur lesdites face supérieure et inférieure.  According to a particular embodiment, the skins are riveted on said upper and lower faces.
Les traverses d'extrémité comportent avantageusement entre les faces supérieure et inférieure un premier montant côté plancher. Elles comportent préférablement un second montant côté structure d'extrémité. The end crosspieces advantageously comprise between the upper and lower faces a first upright floor side. They preferably comprise a second amount on the end structure side.
Les bords latéraux du plancher comportent avantageusement des terminaison d'assemblage latérales comportant un élément renfort tubulaire longitudinal intégré au panneau et longeant le bord du panneau.  Advantageously, the lateral edges of the floor have lateral assembly ends comprising a longitudinal tubular reinforcement element integrated in the panel and running along the edge of the panel.
Le plancher de l'invention peut notamment constituer un plancher intermédiaire de véhicule ferroviaire à deux étages.  The floor of the invention may in particular constitute an intermediate floor of a two-storey railway vehicle.
Il comporte dans ce cas préférablement un embrèvement destiné à laisser passer un escalier entre lesdits étages.  In this case it preferably comprises a recess intended to allow a staircase to pass between the said stages.
Le plancher peut comporter des surépaisseurs de peau localisées pour en accroître localement la résistance.  The floor may have localized skin thicknesses to locally increase the resistance.
L'invention concerne en outre un assemblage comportant un plancher de véhicule selon l'invention pourvu de deux traverses d'extrémité et des structures d'extrémité d'un véhicule pour lequel les structures d'extrémité comportent chacune un bâti pourvu d'une poutre de réception des traverses d'extrémité, ladite poutre étant pourvue d'une face supérieure de réception de ladite aile, d'une face frontale et une aile inférieure de réception d'un sabot de la traverse .  The invention further relates to an assembly comprising a vehicle floor according to the invention provided with two end crosspieces and end structures of a vehicle for which the end structures each comprise a frame provided with a beam. receiving end crosspieces, said beam being provided with an upper receiving face of said wing, a front face and a lower wing for receiving a shoe of the cross member.
Les poutres sont préférablement conçues de façon à dépasser des zones d'encombrement liées aux dispositifs de liaison .  The beams are preferably designed to exceed areas of congestion related to the connecting devices.
Un matériau de bourrage tel qu'un mastic est avantageusement disposé entre des butées frontales des poutres et des traverses en sorte d'assurer la reprise des jeux de fabrication et d'assemblage du plancher.  A stuffing material such as a putty is advantageously disposed between the end stops of the beams and sleepers so as to ensure the recovery of the sets of manufacture and assembly of the floor.
Le plancher peut comporter en outre au niveau de ses bordures latérales des renforts tubulaires longitudinaux sous lequel se termine la peau inférieure tandis que la peau supérieure se prolonge selon un bord libre en porte à faux au delà des renfort tubulaires, l'assemblage comportant sur chaque face latérale une équerre à deux niveaux de fixation étagés et décalés recevant la terminaison de la peau inférieure sous le renfort sur un premier desdits niveaux et recevant ledit bord libre terminant la peau supérieure sur un second desdits niveaux. The floor may further comprise, at its lateral edges, longitudinal tubular reinforcements under which the lower skin terminates, while the upper skin extends along a free edge cantilevered beyond the tubular reinforcement, the assembly comprising on each side face a bracket with two staggered and staggered fixing levels receiving the end of the lower skin under the reinforcement on a first of said levels and receiving said free edge ending the upper skin on a second of said levels.
La fixation des traverses sur les poutres et/ou la fixation du plancher aux faces latérales est préférablement réalisée par rivetage.  Fixing the sleepers on the beams and / or fixing the floor to the side faces is preferably performed by riveting.
Brève description des dessins  Brief description of the drawings
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront apparents à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un exemple non limitatif de réalisation de l'invention en référence aux dessins qui représentent:  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description of a nonlimiting exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawings which represent:
en figure 1: une vue perspective éclatée schématique d'une voiture de train à plancher intermédiaire;  in FIG. 1: a diagrammatic exploded perspective view of an intermediate floor train car;
en figure 2: une vue en perspective d'un plancher selon l'invention applicable à une voiture selon la figure 1; en figure 3: une coupe du plancher de la figure 2 en figure 4: une vue en perspective d'un plancher de l'invention et de sa fixation sur une structure d'extrémité d'une voiture de train;  in Figure 2: a perspective view of a floor according to the invention applicable to a car according to Figure 1; in Figure 3: a section of the floor of Figure 2 in Figure 4: a perspective view of a floor of the invention and its attachment to an end structure of a train car;
en figure 5: une vue schématique en coupe de la fixation de la figure 4;  in Figure 5: a schematic sectional view of the attachment of Figure 4;
en figure 6: une vue partielle en perspective d'une traverse selon l'invention et d'un élément de structure la recevant ;  in Figure 6: a partial perspective view of a cross member according to the invention and a structural member receiving it;
en figure 7: une vue schématique éclatée d'un assemblage conforme à l'invention;  in Figure 7: an exploded schematic view of an assembly according to the invention;
en figure 8: une vue schématique en perspective de la fixation du plancher sur une face de la voiture.  in Figure 8: a schematic perspective view of the attachment of the floor on one side of the car.
Description détaillée de modes de réalisation de Detailed description of embodiments of
1 ' invention L'invention concerne un plancher 100 de véhicule 10 d'un seul tenant structurel qui participe à la reprise des efforts appliqués à la voiture le comprenant. The invention The invention relates to a floor 100 of vehicle 10 in one piece structural that participates in the recovery efforts applied to the car comprising.
Dans le cadre de l'exemple représenté on se place dans le cas d'une voiture ferroviaire qui subit des efforts d'attelage de 100 tonnes en traction et 200 tonnes en compression ce qui sont des valeurs habituelles dans le domaine .  In the context of the example shown is placed in the case of a rail car that undergoes coupling efforts of 100 tons in traction and 200 tons in compression, which are usual values in the field.
Le plancher tel que représenté à la figure 2 notamment est constitué d'une part d'un panneau composite sandwich pourvu d'une peau supérieure 101, d'une peau inférieure 102 et d'une âme 103 représentées en figure 3. Ce plancher est réalisés sans raidisseurs tels que traverses rapportés de place en place sur la longueur du plancher.  The floor as shown in Figure 2 in particular consists of a sandwich composite panel provided with an upper skin 101, a lower skin 102 and a core 103 shown in Figure 3. This floor is made without stiffeners such as sleepers reported from place to place on the length of the floor.
Le plancher de l'invention comporte d'autre part des traverses d'extrémité 104 qui permettent un assemblage aisé du plancher avec la structure support de la voiture au niveau des terminaisons d'extrémité de la voiture comme représenté à la figure 7 où les terminaisons 20 portant les attaches 21 reçoivent par le dessus les traverses 104 terminant le plancher .  The floor of the invention further comprises end crosspieces 104 which allow easy assembly of the floor with the support structure of the car at the end terminations of the car as shown in Figure 7 where the terminations 20 carrying the fasteners 21 receive from above the sleepers 104 finishing the floor.
Le plancher est réalisé avant montage dans la voiture en solidarisant le panneau composite avec les traverses 104 à chacune de ses deux extrémités longitudinales.  The floor is made before mounting in the car by joining the composite panel with the cross members 104 at each of its two longitudinal ends.
Selon la figure 5 notamment, les extrémités longitudinales des peaux 101, 102 du panneau sont reprises sur les faces inférieure et supérieure de la traverse 104, ladite traverse d'extrémité comportant une aile 114 d'appui sur une structure d'extrémité du véhicule 20.  According to FIG. 5 in particular, the longitudinal ends of the skins 101, 102 of the panel are taken up on the lower and upper faces of the cross member 104, said end crossmember comprising a flange 114 for bearing on an end structure of the vehicle 20 .
Selon cette conception, les traverses constituent des moyens de reprise et de diffusion des efforts de liaison appliqués sur les structures d'extrémité notamment par le dispositif d'attelage 21 de la voiture dans la largeur du plancher . According to this design, the crosspieces constitute means of recovery and diffusion of the binding forces applied to the end structures, in particular by the coupling device 21 of the car in the width of the floor.
Ces traverses sont renforcée autant que de besoin et comportent un profil creux tubulaire 124 pourvu d'une face supérieure 125 sur laquelle vient s'appuyer la peau supérieure 101 du plancher et d'une face inférieure 126 sous laquelle est reçue la peau inférieure 102 du plancher.  These sleepers are reinforced as far as necessary and comprise a hollow tubular profile 124 provided with an upper face 125 on which the upper skin 101 of the floor bears and a lower face 126 in which the lower skin 102 of the floor.
Les peaux sont rivetées avec des rivets aveugles 501 sur la partie tubulaire 124 de la traverse.  The skins are riveted with blind rivets 501 on the tubular portion 124 of the crossbar.
Le plancher est alors un sous ensemble complet qui peut être posé au niveau de ses traverses sur les poutres d'extrémité 201 qui, comme représenté notamment en figure 6, comportent pour recevoir les traverses une face d'appui 202 recevant l'aile 114 de la traverse et une aile inférieure 204 recevant une face inférieure de la traverse, ici comportant un sabot 116 réalisant une surface d'appui en prolongement de la peau inférieure du panneau composite 102 comme représenté en figure 5.  The floor is then a complete subassembly which can be placed at its cross members on the end beams 201 which, as shown in particular in FIG. 6, comprise for receiving the crosspieces a bearing surface 202 receiving the wing 114 of the cross member and a lower flange 204 receiving a lower face of the cross member, here having a shoe 116 providing a bearing surface extending from the lower skin of the composite panel 102 as shown in FIG.
Une fois le plancher posé, des rivets 502, 503 solidarisent la traverse et la poutre.  Once the floor is laid, rivets 502, 503 join the cross member and the beam.
Pour mieux réaliser l'interface entre le plancher et la structure 20 d'extrémité et transmettre les efforts, la traverse d'extrémité 104 est une traverse métallique.  To better realize the interface between the floor and the end structure and transmit the forces, the end crossbar 104 is a metal crossbar.
La poutre d'extrémité peut aussi être métallique et réalise avec un bâti en caisson 22 pourvu d'ailes 22a, 22b fixées sous la poutre la structure de fixation de l'attache 21 de la voiture comme représenté à la figure 4.  The end beam may also be metallic and made with a box frame 22 provided with wings 22a, 22b fixed under the beam the fastening structure of the fastener 21 of the car as shown in Figure 4.
La solution proposée comporte ainsi un plancher composite monobloc réalisé en matériau sandwich sur l'essentiel de sa longueur et dépourvu de raidisseurs pour en simplifier la fabrication. Il comporte en outre des traverses terminant le plancher et transmettant les efforts de compression et de traction entre la structure d'extrémité et le plancher. The proposed solution thus comprises a single-piece composite floor made of sandwich material over most of its length and without stiffeners to simplify manufacture. It also includes sleepers ending the floor and transmitting the efforts of compression and traction between the end structure and the floor.
Un plancher sans raidisseur implique que les efforts de liaison soient repris sur toute la largeur du plancher ce que permettent les traverses situées aux extrémités du plancher.  A floor without stiffener implies that the connecting forces are taken over the entire width of the floor as allow the sleepers located at the ends of the floor.
Le dimensionnement des peaux et de l'âme du plancher est réalisé suivant les méthodes de calcul usuelles notamment aux éléments finis qui prennent en compte la forme du plancher et les efforts subis par le plancher et le véhicule selon les conditions de charge et d'efforts d'attelage applicables.  The sizing of the skins and the floor core is carried out according to the usual calculation methods including finite elements that take into account the shape of the floor and the forces experienced by the floor and the vehicle according to the load and effort conditions. applicable hitch.
Les traverses comportent entre les faces supérieure et inférieure un montant 128 côté structure d'extrémité 20, ce montant transmettant les efforts de compression entre la structure d'extrémité et les peaux 101 et 102.  The crosspieces comprise between the upper and lower faces a post 128 end structure side 20, this amount transmitting the compressive forces between the end structure and the skins 101 and 102.
Ces traverses métalliques sont conçues également de telle façon qu'elles se trouvent en dehors des zones d'encombrement liées aux dispositifs de liaison et aux cadres d'extrémité servant de support aux faces et au plafond de la voiture. Ainsi, la mise en place du plancher monobloc composite peut se faire en toute facilité puisqu'il suffit pour le monter de poser ses traverses sur les structures d'extrémités puis de les fixer sur ces dernières.  These metal sleepers are also designed such that they are outside the congested areas related to the connecting devices and the end frames used to support the faces and the ceiling of the car. Thus, the establishment of composite monobloc floor can be done easily since it is sufficient to mount it to lay its sleepers on the end structures and then fix them on them.
Dans l'optique de poser le plancher simplement sur les structures d'extrémité qui sont assemblées avec les faces du véhicule, l'aile d'appui 114 prolonge la face supérieure du profil creux 124 en alignement avec la peau supérieure 101.  In view of laying the floor simply on the end structures which are assembled with the vehicle faces, the support wing 114 extends the upper face of the hollow profile 124 in alignment with the upper skin 101.
Comme représenté en figure 5, un matériau de bourrage 40 tel qu'une résine de comblement assure la reprise des jeux de fabrication/assemblage du plancher et transmet les efforts entre des butées frontales 128, 203 des poutres et des traverses .  As shown in FIG. 5, a stuffing material 40 such as a filler resin assures the recovery of the manufacturing / assembly sets of the floor and transmits the forces between end stops 128, 203 of the beams and crosspieces.
Cette résine de type époxy bi-composant telle que par exemple connue sous la référence EP05019 + durcisseur de la société Hexcel est caractérisée par une tenue en compression suffisante soit une contrainte à rupture en compression pure suivant NF ISO 604 supérieure à 80MPa pour l'application citée. L'épaisseur du comblement est limitée à 5mm dans le dimensionnement du plancher et du châssis de la voiture. This two-component epoxy resin such as for example known under the reference EP05019 + hardener of the Hexcel company is characterized by a sufficient compressive strength is a breaking stress in pure compression according to NF ISO 604 greater than 80MPa for the application cited. The thickness of the filling is limited to 5mm in the sizing of the floor and chassis of the car.
La liaison entre la traverse et la poutre est particulièrement sollicitée puisqu'elle reprend une partie significative des cas de charge de traction 100 tonnes et compression 200 tonnes, ce qui justifie les renforts d'extrémités.  The link between the beam and the beam is particularly stressed since it takes up a significant part of the cases of tensile load 100 tons and compression 200 tons, which justifies the reinforcements of ends.
Une traverse en profilé en aluminium a été retenu car il permet d'assurer le passage des efforts de compression dans la résine de comblement entre les butées frontales. Cette solution présente l'avantage de limiter le nombre de rivets à mettre en œuvre au niveau de la liaison plancher/traverse et traverse/poutre, puisque les lignes de rivets sont dimensionnées pour le seul cas de traction et une avec des efforts de 100 tonnes.  An aluminum profile cross member has been retained because it ensures the passage of compression forces in the filler resin between the end stops. This solution has the advantage of limiting the number of rivets to be implemented at the level of the link floor / crossbar and crossbar / beam, since the rivet lines are dimensioned for the only case of traction and one with efforts of 100 tons .
Selon un mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 3 et 8_, les bords latéraux du plancher comportent des terminaison d'assemblage latérales comportant un élément renfort tubulaire longitudinal 300 intégré au panneau et longeant le bord du panneau.  According to an embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, the lateral edges of the floor comprise lateral joining ends comprising a longitudinal tubular reinforcement element 300 integrated in the panel and running along the edge of the panel.
Selon la figure 3, le plancher comporte en outre des inserts 301 qui servent par exemple à la fixation des sièges de la voiture.  According to Figure 3, the floor further comprises inserts 301 which serve for example to the fixing of the seats of the car.
Les renforts tubulaires longitudinaux 300 sous lequel se termine la peau inférieure 102 servent de moyens de fixation du plancher aux faces du véhicule et selon le mode de réalisation représenté en figure 8, la peau supérieure 101 se prolonge selon un bord libre en porte à faux au delà des renfort tubulaires 300. Les faces latérales 600 du véhicules sont équipées d'équerre 400 à deux niveaux de fixation étagés et décalés 401, 402 pour recevoir la terminaison de peau inférieure 102 sous le renfort sur un premier 402 desdits niveaux et recevoir ledit bord libre terminant la peau supérieure 101 sur un second 401 desdits niveaux. The longitudinal tubular reinforcements 300 under which the lower skin 102 terminates serve as means of fixing the floor to the faces of the vehicle and according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the upper skin 101 is extended along a free edge cantilevered at beyond the tubular reinforcement 300. The lateral faces 600 of the vehicle are equipped with bracket 400 with two staggered and staggered fastening levels 401, 402 for receiving the lower skin termination 102 under the reinforcement on a first 402 of said levels and receiving said free edge ending the upper skin 101 on a second 401 of said levels.
Comme pour la fixation des traverses aux poutres, la solution choisie est un rivetage des peaux 101, 102 et des renforts 300 sur les faces 401, 402 de réception de ces derniers sur les équerres ce qui simplifie le montage du plancher est son implantation dans la voiture.  As for the fixing of the crosspieces to the beams, the solution chosen is a riveting of the skins 101, 102 and reinforcements 300 on the faces 401, 402 for receiving the latter on the brackets which simplifies the assembly of the floor is its implantation in the car.
Le panneau composite du plancher est configuré en fonction de l'implantation des aménagements internes du véhicule et par exemple comporte au moins un embrèvement 150 destiné à laisser passer un escalier entre lesdits étages et comporte des découpes et profils adaptés aux équipements du véhicule .  The composite panel of the floor is configured according to the implementation of the internal arrangements of the vehicle and for example includes at least one recess 150 for passing a staircase between said floors and has cutouts and profiles adapted to the vehicle equipment.
Selon la figure 2, le plancher présente des surépaisseurs de peau 101a, 101b localisées dans ses parties extrêmes et réalisées lors du drapage des peaux. Les poutres 201 sont conçues de façon à dépasser des zones d'encombrement liées aux dispositifs de liaison ce qui évite toute interférence entre ces dernières et le plancher lors de sa pose .  According to Figure 2, the floor has skin thicknesses 101a, 101b located in its extreme parts and made during the draping of the skins. The beams 201 are designed to exceed areas of congestion related to the connecting devices which avoids any interference between the latter and the floor during its installation.
Pour fixer les idées, les efforts à passer dans le plancher sont la partie des 100 tonnes en traction et des 200 tonnes en compression ne passant pas par les autres structures du véhicules, faces, plafond, châssis et autre éventuel plancher. La solution de l'invention est parfaitement adaptée à ces contraintes sans nécessiter de moyens de raidissage supplémentaires.  To fix the ideas, the efforts to pass in the floor are the part of the 100 tons in traction and 200 tons in compression not passing by the other structures of the vehicle, faces, ceiling, chassis and other possible floor. The solution of the invention is perfectly adapted to these constraints without requiring additional stiffening means.
L' introduction des efforts dans les traverses d'extrémités est ponctuel et désaxé. L'inertie des traverses permet de diffuser les efforts de façon homogène dans l'extrémité du plancher; les efforts étant répartis sur la largeur du plancher. Les surépaisseurs 101a, 101b sont notamment réalisées avec des peaux de drapage orienté à ±45° par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du plancher pour parfaire la diffusion des efforts. The introduction of the forces into the end crosspieces is punctual and misaligned. The inertia of sleepers makes it possible to distribute the forces homogeneously in the end of the floor; the forces being distributed over the width of the floor. The extra thicknesses 101a, 101b are especially made with draping skins oriented at ± 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the floor to perfect the diffusion of efforts.
Dans l'exemple d'une voiture à deux étages le plancher peut comporter une âme de l'ordre de 50 mm d'épaisseur et des peaux d'une épaisseur de l'ordre de 3,5mm à 4mm dans les zones non renforcées et de 4mm à 5mm dans les zones renforcées .  In the example of a car with two floors the floor may comprise a core of the order of 50 mm thick and skins with a thickness of about 3.5 mm to 4 mm in the unreinforced areas and from 4mm to 5mm in reinforced areas.
Les fibres utilisées pour le plancher sont par exemple un carbone haute résistance avec une succession des plis orientés à 0°, 45°, 90° de l'axe longitudinal du plancher. Le grammage sec des plis peut être choisi entre 100 et 500 g/m2 selon les contraintes mesurées. The fibers used for the floor are for example a high strength carbon with a succession of plies oriented at 0 °, 45 °, 90 ° of the longitudinal axis of the floor. The dry grammage of the plies can be chosen between 100 and 500 g / m 2 according to the measured stresses.
L'invention a été décrite dans le cadre d'une application pour des voitures de trains à deux étages mais peut être utilisée pour tout type de véhicule ferroviaire, trains à grande vitesse, trains régionaux , véhicules urbains tels que métros, tramways, trains -trams et d'autres types de véhicules, le plancher de l'invention pouvant réaliser un plancher bas ou un plancher intermédiaire.  The invention has been described in the context of an application for two-stage train cars but can be used for any type of rail vehicle, high-speed trains, regional trains, urban vehicles such as subways, trams, trains - trams and other types of vehicles, the floor of the invention can achieve a low floor or an intermediate floor.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S R E V E N D I C A T IO N S
1 - Plancher (100) de véhicule (10) caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'une part d'un panneau composite sandwich pourvu d'une peau supérieure (101), d'une peau inférieure (102) et d'une âme (103) et d'autre part de traverses d'extrémité (104) sur lesquelles se reprennent les extrémités longitudinales des peaux (101, 102) du panneau, lesdites traverses d'extrémité comportant une aile (114) d'appui sur une structure d'extrémité du véhicule (20) et constituant des moyens de reprise et de diffusion des efforts de liaison dans la largeur du plancher. 1 - Floor (100) of vehicle (10) characterized in that it consists on the one hand of a sandwich composite panel provided with an upper skin (101), a lower skin (102) and a core (103) and on the other end crosspieces (104) on which the longitudinal ends of the skins (101, 102) of the panel resemble each other, said end crosspieces comprising a wing (114) bearing on an end structure of the vehicle (20) and constituting means for taking up and spreading the connection forces in the width of the floor.
2 - Plancher de véhicule selon la revendication 1 pour lequel les traverses d'extrémité (104) sont des traverses métallique .  2 - floor vehicle according to claim 1 wherein the end cross members (104) are metal sleepers.
3 - Plancher de véhicule selon la revendication 1 ou 2 pour lequel les traverses d'extrémité (104) comportent un profil creux tubulaire (124) pourvu d'une face supérieure (125) sur laquelle vient s'appuyer la peau supérieure (101) du plancher et d'une face inférieure (126) sous laquelle est reçue la peau inférieure (102) du plancher.  3 - Vehicle floor according to claim 1 or 2 for which the end crosspieces (104) comprise a tubular hollow profile (124) provided with an upper face (125) on which rests the upper skin (101). the floor and a lower face (126) under which is received the lower skin (102) of the floor.
4 - Plancher de véhicule selon la revendication 3 pour lequel l'aile d'appui (114) prolonge la face supérieure du profil creux (124) en alignement avec la peau supérieure (101) .  4 - Vehicle floor according to claim 3 wherein the support wing (114) extends the upper face of the hollow profile (124) in alignment with the upper skin (101).
5 - Plancher de véhicule selon la revendication 3 ou 4 pour lequel les peaux (101, 102) sont rivetées sur lesdites face supérieure et inférieure (125, 126) .  5 - A vehicle floor according to claim 3 or 4 for which the skins (101, 102) are riveted to said upper and lower faces (125, 126).
6 - Plancher de véhicule selon la revendication 3, 4 ou 5 pour lequel les traverses d'extrémité comportent entre les faces supérieure et inférieure un premier montant (127) côté plancher et un second montant (128) côté structure d'extrémité (20). 6 - A vehicle floor according to claim 3, 4 or 5 for which the end cross members comprise between the upper and lower faces a first amount (127) side floor and a second upright (128) end structure side (20).
7 - Plancher de véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes pour lequel les bords latéraux du plancher comportent des terminaison d'assemblage latérales comportant un élément renfort tubulaire longitudinal (300) intégré au panneau et longeant le bord du panneau.  7 - A vehicle floor according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the lateral edges of the floor comprise lateral joining endings comprising a longitudinal tubular reinforcement element (300) integrated with the panel and along the edge of the panel.
8 - Plancher de véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes constituant un plancher intermédiaire de véhicule ferroviaire à deux étages et comportant au moins un embrèvement (150) destiné à laisser passer un escalier entre lesdits étages.  8 - floor vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims constituting a floor of a two-stage railway vehicle and having at least one recess (150) for passing a staircase between said floors.
9 - Plancher de véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comportant des surépaisseurs de peau (101a, 101b) localisées.  9 - floor vehicle according to any one of the preceding claims having skin thicknesses (101a, 101b) localized.
10 - Assemblage comportant un plancher de véhicule selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes pourvu de deux traverses d'extrémité (104) et des structures d'extrémité (20) d'un véhicule pour lequel les structures d'extrémité comportent chacune un bâti pourvu d'une poutre (201) de réception des traverses d'extrémité, ladite poutre étant pourvue d'une face supérieure (202) de réception de ladite aile (114), d'une face frontale (203) et d'une aile inférieure (204) de réception d'un sabot (116) de la traverse.  10 - An assembly comprising a vehicle floor according to any one of the preceding claims provided with two end cross members (104) and end structures (20) of a vehicle for which the end structures each comprise a frame provided with a beam (201) for receiving the end crosspieces, said beam being provided with an upper face (202) for receiving said wing (114), a front face (203) and a wing lower (204) receiving a shoe (116) of the cross.
11 - Assemblage selon la revendication 10 pour lequel les poutres sont conçues de façon à dépasser des zones d'encombrement liées aux dispositifs de liaison.  11 - Assembly according to claim 10 for which the beams are designed to exceed congestion areas related to the connecting devices.
12 - Assemblage selon la revendication 10 ou 11 pour lequel un matériau de bourrage (40) est disposé entre des butées frontales (128, 203) des poutres et des traverses en sorte d'assurer la reprise des jeux de fabrication et d'assemblage du plancher. 13 - Assemblage selon la revendication 10, 11 ou 12 pour lequel le plancher comporte en outre au niveau de ses bordures latérales des renforts tubulaires longitudinaux (300) sous lequel se termine la peau inférieure (102) tandis que la peau supérieure (101) se prolonge selon un bord libre en porte à faux au delà des renfort tubulaires (300), l'assemblage comportant sur chaque face latérale une équerre (400) à deux niveaux de fixation étagés et décalés (401, 402) recevant la terminaison de peau inférieure (102) sous le renfort sur un premier (402) desdits niveaux et recevant ledit bord libre terminant la peau supérieure (101) sur un second (401) desdits niveaux. 12 - An assembly according to claim 10 or 11 for which a stuffing material (40) is disposed between the end stops (128, 203) of the beams and sleepers so as to ensure the recovery of the sets of manufacture and assembly of the floor. 13 - An assembly according to claim 10, 11 or 12 wherein the floor further comprises at its lateral edges longitudinal tubular reinforcements (300) under which ends the lower skin (102) while the upper skin (101) is extends along a free cantilevered edge beyond the tubular reinforcement (300), the assembly comprising on each lateral face a bracket (400) with two staggered and staggered fastening levels (401, 402) receiving the lower skin termination (102) under the reinforcement on a first (402) of said levels and receiving said free edge ending the upper skin (101) on a second (401) of said levels.
14 - Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13 pour lequel la fixation des traverses sur les poutres et/ou la fixation du plancher aux faces latérales est réalisée par rivetage.  14 - An assembly according to any one of claims 10 to 13 for which the fixing of the sleepers on the beams and / or the fixing of the floor to the side faces is made by riveting.
PCT/EP2016/064854 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 Composite floor and connection for such a composite floor WO2017001339A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1556075 2015-06-29
FR1556075A FR3037858B1 (en) 2015-06-29 2015-06-29 COMPOSITE PANEL AND MECHANICAL CONNECTION FOR SUCH A PANEL
FR1558645A FR3037915B1 (en) 2015-09-15 2015-09-15 DEVICE FOR CONNECTING, RETRIEVING AND DISSEMINATING EFFORTS OF A CONNECTION PART AT THE END OF THE FLOOR OF A RAILWAY VEHICLE
FR1558645 2015-09-15
FR1561127 2015-11-19
FR1561127A FR3037916B1 (en) 2015-06-29 2015-11-19 COMPOSITE FLOOR AND LIAISON FOR SUCH FLOOR

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WO2017001339A1 true WO2017001339A1 (en) 2017-01-05

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PCT/EP2016/064854 WO2017001339A1 (en) 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 Composite floor and connection for such a composite floor

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FR (1) FR3037916B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017001339A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1556075A (en) 1967-03-15 1969-01-31
FR1558645A (en) 1967-02-21 1969-02-28
US20110006562A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Specialty Manufacturing, Inc. Modular floor system for vehicles
US20110147358A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2011-06-23 Kober Jeffrey F Panel with heated layer
EP2431248A1 (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-21 Wilhelm Wißmann GmbH Floor for a rail vehicle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1558645A (en) 1967-02-21 1969-02-28
FR1556075A (en) 1967-03-15 1969-01-31
US20110147358A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2011-06-23 Kober Jeffrey F Panel with heated layer
US20110006562A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Specialty Manufacturing, Inc. Modular floor system for vehicles
EP2431248A1 (en) * 2010-09-16 2012-03-21 Wilhelm Wißmann GmbH Floor for a rail vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3037916B1 (en) 2019-06-21
FR3037916A1 (en) 2016-12-30

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