WO2016206429A1 - 一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器及其操作方法 - Google Patents

一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器及其操作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016206429A1
WO2016206429A1 PCT/CN2016/077595 CN2016077595W WO2016206429A1 WO 2016206429 A1 WO2016206429 A1 WO 2016206429A1 CN 2016077595 W CN2016077595 W CN 2016077595W WO 2016206429 A1 WO2016206429 A1 WO 2016206429A1
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Prior art keywords
explosion
gas
proof
pipe
hole
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PCT/CN2016/077595
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘洋
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刘洋
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Publication of WO2016206429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016206429A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
    • F23K5/007—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/82—Preventing flashback or blowback
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2400/00—Pretreatment and supply of gaseous fuel
    • F23K2400/10—Pretreatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/05001—Control or safety devices in gaseous or liquid fuel supply lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an explosion-proof device in a biomass gas system and an operation method thereof, in particular to a biomass gas system tempering explosion-proof controller and an operation method thereof.
  • Bio-gas also known as biomass gas
  • biomass gas which converts biomass feedstock into high-mass gasification furnace to convert it into biomass flammable gas.
  • Alternative fuel oil or natural gas is used in steel kiln, glass kiln, ceramics. Kiln.
  • Biomass energy is widely distributed, renewable and environmentally friendly. The development and utilization of renewable resources is a major direction for China to achieve sustainable development.
  • biomass energy conversion technology is mainly divided into biomass gasification, liquefaction, solidification and direct combustion technology.
  • Biomass gasification technology is one of the important methods. To achieve deeper utilization of low-grade biomass energy by gasification, reduce the supply of fossil fuels and the serious pollution caused by direct burning of fossil fuels, improve rural living standards, improve the ecological environment, and ensure national energy security. It is of great significance.
  • the types of furnaces used in domestic biomass gasification generally include fixed bed gasifiers and fluidized bed gasifiers. The fluidized bed gasifier has become the first choice for gasification due to its high gasification efficiency, wide range of raw materials, low synthesis gas tar content and large-scale industrial application.
  • CN101050841A discloses a combustible gas explosion-proof device, characterized in that it comprises: a tank body, an intake pipe, an exhaust pipe, an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover are arranged in the tank body, and a filter screen is arranged in the tank body, The periphery of the screen is connected to the inner wall of the tank, and the tank body contains water. The lowest water level of the water is limited to the screen portion, and the inlet port of the inlet pipe and the flammable liquid are discharged.
  • the air pipe is connected to the lower part of the filter screen, and an upper air outlet of the exhaust pipe is placed above a maximum water limit of the water in the tank, and a lower exhaust port of the exhaust pipe It is placed outside the can body and connected to the intake pipe of the cooker, which has the advantages that the device is safe and reliable. It has the function of preventing tempering: preventing the gas tank and pipeline explosion caused by tempering of flammable gas. Further, water is used as a means of isolation, effectively preventing tempering.
  • CN101672427A discloses a safety explosion-proof gas pressure regulator, which is provided with a current limiting security device at the interface of the pressure regulating air chamber and the air inlet pipe, and the safety seat of the current limiting security device is sealed and fixed on the air inlet pipe, and the safety seat is provided with a vent hole.
  • the flow-limiting safety valve core is arranged in the intake pipe to cooperate with the sealing surface of one end of the security seat, and the reset top bar passes through the vent hole, and the two ends thereof are respectively matched with the flow-limiting security valve core and the closing plug, and the closing plug and the hinge are respectively
  • the hinge rod on the security seat is connected at one end, the other end of the hinge rod is connected with the connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected through the flexible diaphragm to the reset switch outside the voltage regulator.
  • CN102537438A discloses a gas explosion-proof device comprising a piston, wherein one end of the piston is connected to one end of the elastic supporting member, and the other end of the elastic supporting member is fixed to the inlet end pipe through a support plate, and the intake end One end of the pipe is an air inlet, and one end of the air outlet pipe is an air outlet.
  • the piston is placed in a piston chamber. The diameter of the piston chamber is larger than that of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe.
  • a collapsible telescopic seal is arranged between the outlet end pipes, the seal has a built-in plunger, the upper end of the plunger is disc-shaped, the lower end of the plunger is hemispherical, and the intake air directly below the plunger
  • the end pipe is provided with a hemispherical groove adapted to the hemispherical lower end of the plunger.
  • CN101435584A discloses an explosion-proof device applied to an industrial gas combustion system
  • the lower casing of the explosion-proof device is externally connected to the gas pipeline through a three-way joint
  • the upper casing is screwed on the lower casing, on
  • a diaphragm is pressed between the lower casings
  • a ceiling is arranged on the inner cavity of the upper casing
  • a bolt passing through the top surface of the upper casing and movable up and down is fixed on the top plate
  • a top surface of the upper casing is provided with a bolt
  • the micro switch when tempering occurs, the top plate is lifted up and the micro switch is turned on by the bolt, and the controller is turned off to cut off the air source and an alarm is issued, thereby accurately, safely and sensitively protecting the industrial combustion system.
  • CN202040550U discloses a gas explosion-proof top device, comprising a box body, a gas station, a card slot plate, a staple, a fixed plate, an explosion-proof top plate, an air suction port, an explosion-proof valve, an exhaust pipe, a bolt, a fixing nut, a channel steel, and an opening.
  • the pin is characterized in that: the box body has a rectangular shape, and a gas station is arranged in the box body, and the upper end of the box body is provided with a card slot plate, the card slot plate has a rectangular shape, and the center has a long waist hole, the card slot plate The two screw holes are bolted to the explosion-proof top plate and the fixed plate.
  • the staples are arranged in the long waist holes in the slot plate.
  • the bolts are provided with a ring nut.
  • the underside of the ring nut is provided with an explosion-proof top plate, below the explosion-proof top plate. It is provided with a fixing nut, the bolt is connected with the channel steel, the bolt passes through the channel steel, a nut is arranged at the upper end of the channel steel, a cotter pin is arranged at the end of the bolt, and an adjusting nut is arranged at the upper end of the cotter pin to prevent explosion
  • the lower end of the valve is connected with the horn type suction port, the suction port is connected with the center of the upper end of the explosion-proof top, and the upper end of the explosion-proof valve is connected with the exhaust pipe to form a gas explosion-proof top device.
  • CN202597812U discloses a gas explosion-proof device, comprising a main body portion having a cylindrical shape, a movable plug disposed at one end of the main body portion, a mounting plate disposed at the other end of the main body portion, and a spring disposed between the movable plug and the mounting plate;
  • the main body portion is provided with an air outlet connected to the cylinder air outlet pipe, and the movable plug abuts at the air outlet. Since the movable plug abutting against the spring is provided, when the pressure in the cylinder is too large, the movable plug is opened, thereby releasing the pressure, achieving the stability of the air pressure, making the combustion sufficient, saving energy, and improving the gas engine. Service life.
  • CN104122300A discloses an explosion-proof housing of a high-sealed gas detector, comprising a sealed housing, the sealed housing is made of transparent ceramic, and the sealing housing is provided with a ventilation port and a ventilation port.
  • a valve is disposed at the inner wall of the sealed casing, and a protective cover is disposed between the tail portion of the motor and the protective cover, and a rubber is fixed at an end of the gas exchange opening near the outer side of the sealed casing.
  • Pad the device is provided with a rubber pad outside the ventilation port.
  • ventilation is required, the air passes through the vent hole of the rubber pad, the ventilation port, the ventilation slot, and the protective cover, such as a sealed housing.
  • the valve is fitted with a rubber pad, and the vent hole and the venting groove are closed to ensure the sealing property.
  • CN201454248U discloses a biomass gas filter explosion-proof device, comprising a filter housing, an air inlet is arranged under the filter housing, an air outlet is arranged at the top end, and a water seal is arranged in the water sealing box at the bottom, the air outlet
  • An overpressure safety valve is disposed on the filter housing, and at least one through hole is formed in the filter housing, the through hole is sealed and filled with an asbestos board, and the filter housing is provided with three through holes, and the asbestos board is 2 mm thick -3mm.
  • US2011094880A1 discloses an explosion-proof sensor which can be used for detecting an explosion-proof sensor of a combustible gas, having a glass insulator for establishing an electrical connection with the inner cavity of the outer casing, and the compressive strength of the outer casing should be improved, and in order to solve this task, the glass insulator is designed.
  • a cast/injection that mechanically stabilizes the glass insulator at least on one side.
  • WO 00/52 293 A1 discloses a method for ensuring that a gaseous atmosphere of a substantially enclosed chamber does not explode, having a potential source of flammable gas and containing air, the method comprising: (a) passing through Introducing a sufficient amount of inert gas into the substantially closed chamber to mix and dilute the oxidant content of the air, such that the mixture of air and any flammable gas is non-flammable regardless of the flammable gas content therein; and (b) The non-combustible mixture of air and any flammable gas is discharged from the substantially enclosed chamber to the atmosphere to leave a substantially inert atmosphere within the substantially enclosed chamber.
  • a biomass gas system tempering explosion-proof controller comprises a purifying tank, an intake pipe hole, an air outlet pipe, an explosion-proof membrane, a sealing plate, a purification liquid controller , overflow holes, and intake pipes.
  • the acid gas content in biogas is relatively high, and unlike the acid gas in natural gas or gas, the acid gas content in the biogas is often much higher than the COS and mercaptan content. Such acid gas is difficult to completely remove by conventional water washing. This makes it possible to impose special requirements on the explosion-proof membrane such as corrosion protection requirements.
  • the invention provides a preferred explosion-proof membrane, which is composed of an anti-corrosion film, a sealing film and a three-layer structure of a strength film.
  • the anti-corrosion film is in the lowermost layer, and the sealing film and the strength film are in order, and the thickness of the anti-corrosion film is 5-10 ⁇ m, the thickness of the sealing film is 20-100 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the strength film is 200-500 ⁇ m.
  • the three layers of film are preferably closely bonded together by an adhesive.
  • the anti-corrosion film is directly in contact with the biogas in the lowermost layer, and the anti-corrosion film can provide a certain sealing property in addition to the acid gas corrosion resistance.
  • the anti-corrosion film can be lined with a conventional natural gas pipeline, such as high density polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like.
  • the material of the anticorrosive film of the present invention is a siloxane-modified polyethylene.
  • the siloxane is preferably a mixture of polymethylsiloxanes represented by the following formulas (a) and (b), and the molar ratio of the two in the modified polyethylene is preferably 1:1.
  • n an integer from 1-20;
  • x represents F, Cl or Br
  • m represents an integer of 2 or 3.
  • the compound represented by the formula (a) is preferably nonamethylpentasiloxane.
  • the compound represented by the formula (b) is preferably a chloropolymethylsiloxane.
  • the modification method can be carried out in accordance with a conventional polyethylene modification method in the art.
  • the material of the sealing film is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the strength film is a conventional pressure explosion-proof strength film in the art, such as a metal sheet layer or a polyester sheet layer, and those skilled in the art can select according to the explosion-proof limit pressure.
  • the adhesive may be an adhesive for a laminate, such as a polyurethane adhesive.
  • the multi-layer composite explosion-proof membrane of the invention has strong pertinence to the bio-gas, and can take into consideration various properties such as corrosion prevention and explosion-proof.
  • the intake pipe can enter the purification tank from the bottom of the purification tank through the intake pipe hole, and extend a certain length under the liquid surface, and the extended pipe has a plurality of air outlet holes thereon, and the aperture of the air outlet hole is increased step by step.
  • the gas can flow out from the respective air outlets on the intake pipe at a smooth pressure, and the gas enters the closed purge tank from the air outlet and is then discharged from the upper air outlet into the burner.
  • three intake manifold holes are shown so that the three branches of the intake manifold can pass therethrough into the purge tank.
  • a plurality of intake pipe holes can be employed accordingly.
  • the air outlet holes on the branch pipe are round holes.
  • the radius of the vent hole gradually increases as the depth into the purge tank increases, that is, the farther away from the intake pipe hole, the larger the hole radius.
  • the periphery of the sealing plate in the explosion-proof controller is applied with a sealing material.
  • the sealing material is preferably carbon fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • a method of operating the above-described explosion-proof controller comprising: passing biomass gas from a bottom of a purification tank into a purification tank through an intake pipe, and entering a sealed purification tank from an air outlet of the intake pipe, The gas is purified and deacidified by the purification liquid, and then discharged into the burner from the upper outlet pipe, and the combustion is terminated when the gas tempering reaches the liquid level of the purification tank, and the explosion-proof membrane is instantly opened to prevent the gas explosion when the pressure is increased. occur.
  • the cleaning liquid is usually an aqueous solution containing a deacidified substance.
  • the cleaning liquid is periodically replaced.
  • the frequency of replacement is based on the failure condition of the cleaning fluid.
  • the inventors have found through research that when a quaternary ammonium base is added to the purification liquid Where R is (w is an integer of 3 to 8), and the effect of comprehensive deacidification of biogas is optimal. It is speculated that the quaternary ammonium base is relatively alkaline and has strong reaction ability with acid gas. At the same time, since the quaternary ammonium structure of the present application has an ether bond and a hydroxyl group at the terminal, the water solubility is good, and a complex with an acid gas such as a thiol is formed. The salt is easily dissolved in the aqueous purification liquid, is not dissolved by the biogas, and can be regenerated and reused.
  • Such deacidification gas component is 1.2-1.8 times the deacidification gas capacity of a general deacidification gas component such as octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, and can be reused 4-8 times, while Alkyl dimethylbenzylammonium is generally only reusable once.
  • concentration of the quaternary ammonium base added can be determined based on the acidity of the biogas. Due to the good deacidification effect, the use of this cleaning liquid makes it possible to use conventional explosion-proof membranes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tempering and explosion-proof controller of a biogas system according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an intake pipe installed in the explosion-proof controller shown in Figure 1.
  • a biomass gas system tempering explosion-proof controller comprises a purification tank 1, an intake pipe hole 2, an air outlet pipe 3, an explosion-proof membrane 4, a sealing plate 5, a purification liquid controller 6, an overflow hole 7 and an intake pipe 8.
  • the intake pipe 8 enters the purification tank 1 from the bottom of the purification tank through the intake pipe hole 2, and extends a certain length under the liquid surface.
  • the extended pipe has a plurality of air outlet holes 9 thereon, and the aperture of the air outlet hole is increased to enable the gas to be
  • the respective air outlets 9 on the intake pipe 8 flow out, and the gas enters the sealed purge tank 1 from the air outlet 9, and is then discharged from the upper air outlet pipe 3 into the burner.
  • the air outlet 9 is a circular hole.
  • the explosion-proof membrane is composed of a three-layer structure of an anti-corrosion film, a sealing film and a strength film, the anti-corrosion film is a polyethylene film, the sealing film is a polytetrafluoroethylene film, and the strength film is a polycarbonate film.
  • Comparative Example 1 differs from Example 1 only in that the explosion-proof film is a conventional aluminum foil sheet.
  • Comparative Example 2 differs from Example 1 only in that the deacidification gas component is 0.1 wt.% octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide.
  • Example 1 From the comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it was found that the explosion-proof membrane life of Example 1 was 48 times that of Comparative Example 1 explosion-proof membrane for biogas obtained by gasification of crop by-products, and the explosion-proof limit pressures of both were equivalent.
  • Example 1 By comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it was found that the deacidification effect of the purification liquid of Example 1 was 1.48 times that of the purification liquid of Comparative Example 2 for the biogas obtained by gasification of the crop by-product, and the purification of Example 1
  • the liquid acid-depleted gas component that is, the quaternary ammonium base, can be recycled and reused 5 times, while the comparative example 2 can be recycled only twice.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器及其操作方法，防爆控制器由净化箱(1)、进气管孔(2)、出气管(3)、防爆膜(4)、密封板(5)、净化液控制器(6)、溢水孔(7)、和进气管(8)组成。生物质燃气从净化箱(1)底部进入净化箱(1)，并从进气管(8)的出气口(9)进入密闭的净化箱(1)，通过净化液进行净化、去酸化，随后从上部的出气管(3)排出进入燃烧器，燃气回火到达净化箱(1)液面时燃烧被终止，并且在压力增大时防爆膜(4)瞬间打开防止气爆发生。该防爆控制器结构简单，不仅能够防止回火、爆燃，还能够进一步净化燃气，增加安全性。

Description

一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器及其操作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及生物质燃气系统中的防爆装置及其操作方法，特别涉及一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器及其操作方法。
技术背景
生物燃气(也称作生物质燃气)，即将生物质原料在生物质气化炉中通过高温气化，转化为生物质可燃气，替代燃料油或天然气应用于钢铁窑炉、玻璃窑炉、陶瓷窑炉。
生物质能具有分布广泛、可再生和环境友好等特点，开发利用可再生资源是我国实现可持续发展的一个主要方向。当前，生物质能转化技术主要分为生物质气化、液化、固化以及直接燃烧技术。生物质能气化技术是其中重要的方法之一。以气化方式实现低品位生物质能源的深层次利用，减少矿物燃料的供应量和直接燃用矿物燃料给环境带来的严重污染，对提高农村生活水平、改善生态环境、保障国家能源安全等具有重要意义。目前国内生物质气化所采用的炉型一般包括固定床气化炉和流化床气化炉。流化床气化炉由于气化效率高、原料适应范围广、合成气焦油含量低并可以大规模工业化应用等优点成为气化的首选方式。
需要指出的是，在现有的防爆设备中，大多是针对天然气或煤气开发的防爆设备，针对生物燃气开发的防爆设备报导比较少。由于生物燃气与传统的天然气或煤气具有一定的组成和性质差异，例如生物质燃气热值低、杂质含量高，并且往往酸性气含量可能更高，因此大多数适用于天然气或煤气的防爆设备并不适用于生物燃气的防爆，也不是简单改造后就能够适用于生物 燃气的防爆。
CN101050841A公开了一种可燃气体防爆装置，其特征在于，它包括：罐体，在罐体内设有进气管，排气管，上部密封盖，下部密封盖，在罐体内设有滤网，所述滤网的四周与所述罐体内壁相连，在所述罐体内盛有水，所述水的最低水位限在所述滤网上部，所述进气管的进气口与所述可燃液体的出气管相连，所述进气管的喷气嘴置于所述滤网下部，所述排气管的上部收气口置于所述罐内水的最高水位限以上，所述排气管的下部排气口置于所述罐体外，且与所述灶具的进气管相连，其优点在于：该装置安全可靠。具有防止回火功能:阻止可燃气体因回火引发的储气罐及管道爆炸。进而用水作为隔离手段，有效地防止了回火问题。
CN101672427A公开了一种安全防爆燃气调压器，在调压气室和进气管的接口部设有限流保安装置，限流保安装置的保安座密封固定在进气管上，保安座中设有通气孔，限流保安阀芯设置在进气管中与保安座一端开口的密封面相配合，复位顶杠穿过通气孔，其两端分别与限流保安阀芯和关闭塞相配合，关闭塞与铰接在保安座上的铰杆一端连动，铰杆的另一端与连杆相接，连杆穿过柔性膜片与调压器外的复位开关相连。
CN102537438A公开了一种燃气防爆装置，包括活塞，其特征在于，所述活塞的一端与弹性支撑部件一端相连，所述弹性支撑部件的另一端通过支板固定于进气端管道上，进气端管道的一端开口为进气口，出气端管道的一端开口为出气口，所述活塞置于活塞室内，所述活塞室的直径比进气端管道和出气端管道大，在进气端管道和出气端管道之间设有一个可折叠伸缩的密封件，所述密封件内置有柱塞，所述柱塞的上端为圆盘形，柱塞的下端为半球形，柱塞正下方的进气端管道处设有与柱塞的半球形下端相适应的半球形凹槽。
CN101435584A公开了一种应用于工业燃气燃烧系统的防爆器，防爆器的下壳体通过三通接头外接于燃气管道上，上壳体螺纹连接于下壳体上，上、 下壳体之间压紧一膜片，上壳体的内腔设有一个顶板，顶板上固联一个穿过上壳体顶面且可上下运动的螺栓，上壳体的顶面上方设有一微动开关，当发生回火时，顶板被向上顶起并通过螺栓导通微动开关，启动控制器切断气源并发出报警，从而精确、安全、灵敏地保护工业燃烧系统。
CN202040550U公开了一种燃气防爆顶装置，包括箱体、燃气站、卡槽板、卡钉、固定板、防爆顶板、吸气口、防爆阀、排气管、螺栓、固定螺母、槽钢、开口销，其特征是：箱体呈长方形状，箱体内设有燃气站，箱体内的两侧上端设有卡槽板，卡槽板呈长方形状，中心设有长腰子孔，卡槽板上的两个螺孔用螺栓将防爆顶板与固定板牢固连接，卡钉设在卡槽板中的长腰子孔里，在螺栓上设有吊环螺母，吊环螺母下面设有防爆顶板，防爆顶板的下面设有固定螺母，螺栓与槽钢相连接，螺栓穿过槽钢，在槽钢的上端设有一个螺母，在螺栓末端位置设有一个开口销，在开口销的上端设有一个调节螺母，防爆阀的下端与喇叭式吸气口相连接，吸气口与防爆顶上端中心相连接，防爆阀的上端与排气管相连接，组成了燃气防爆顶装置。
CN202597812U公开了一种燃气防爆装置，包括呈圆柱形的主体部，及设置在主体部一端活动塞，及设置在主体部另一端的安装板，及设置在活动塞与安装板之间的弹簧；所述主体部设置有与气缸出气管相连的出气口，所述活动塞抵接在出气口处。由于设置有与弹簧抵接的活动塞，当气缸内的压力过大时，就会冲开活动塞，从而起到泄压的作用，达到气压的稳定，使得燃烧充分，节约能源，提高燃气机使用寿命。
CN104122300A公开了一种高密封式燃气检测仪防爆壳体，包括一个密封壳体，所述的密封壳体采用透明陶瓷制成，所述的密封壳体上设置有一个换气口，换气口处设置有一个阀门，所述的密封壳体的内壁上设置有一个防护罩，电机的尾部与防护罩之间设置有一个弹簧，所述的换气口靠近密封壳体外的一端固定有一个橡胶垫，该装置在换气口外部设置一个橡胶垫，需要通气时，空气经橡胶垫的通气孔、换气口、通气槽、防护罩进行如密封壳体 内；而需要密封时，阀门贴合橡胶垫，配合将通气孔、通气槽都封闭住，保证了密封性。
CN201454248U公开了一种生物质燃气过滤器防爆装置，包括过滤器外壳，所述过滤器外壳下方设置有进气口，顶端设置有出气口，底部放置在水封箱中水封，所述出气口上设有过压安全阀门，所述过滤器外壳上开设有至少一个通孔，所述通孔内密封填充有石棉板，所述过滤器外壳上开设有三个通孔，所述石棉板厚2mm-3mm。
US2011094880A1公开了一种防爆传感器，其可用于探测可燃气体的防爆传感器，具有玻璃绝缘子用于建立与外壳内腔的导电连接，其外壳的抗压强度应该改善，为了解决此任务，设计使玻璃绝缘子至少在一边具有抗弯的，机械地使玻璃绝缘子保持稳定的铸/注件。
WO00/52293A1公开了一种用于确保一基本封闭的腔室的气态气氛不发生爆炸的方法，该腔室中具有潜在的易燃气体源并含有空气，该方法包括：(a)通过在所述基本封闭的腔室内导入足够量的惰性气体而使空气的氧化剂含量混合并稀释，不论其中的易燃气体含量如何，使其中的空气和任何易燃气体的混合物不易燃；以及(b)通过将空气和任何易燃气体的不可燃混合物从基本封闭的腔室排到大气中，从而在所述基本封闭的腔室内留下基本惰性的气氛。
“玻璃料道燃气混合气燃烧防爆安全措施”，刘全清，玻璃纤维，1998年第3期，介绍了玻璃料道目前普遍地采用燃气混合燃料作为加热方式时采用的防爆措施，指出由于燃气混合气发生回火爆炸对生产和安全构成很大威胁，因此防爆安全措施于关重要，分析了燃气混合气产生爆炸的原因，系统地提出了混合气燃烧系统中实际采用的防爆安全措施。
然而，如上文所述，在现有的防爆设备中，大多是针对天然气或煤气等传统燃气开发的防爆设备，针对生物燃气开发的防爆设备报导比较少。由于生物燃气与传统的天然气或煤气具有较大的组成和性质差异，例如生物质燃气热值低、杂质含量高，因此大多适用于天然气或煤气的防爆设备并不适用 于生物燃气的防爆，也不是简单改造后就能够适用于生物燃气的防爆。现有的生物燃气防爆设备通常没有考虑到生物燃气中的酸性气体对防爆膜和防爆设备密封材料的腐蚀作用，导致在实际应用中存在防爆失效的风险。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的上述问题，即克服生物燃气中酸性气的腐蚀作用和有效去除，在现有技术的基材上，本发明人经过深入研究和大量实验以及综合开发，提出了如下技术方案：
在本发明的一方面，提供了一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器，其特征在于，该防爆控制器包括净化箱，进气管孔，出气管，防爆膜，密封板，净化液控制器，溢水孔，和进气管。
生物燃气中酸性气含量比较高，并且与天然气或煤气中的酸性气不同的是，生物燃气中的酸性气成分COS和硫醇含量往往要高出很多，这样的酸性气难以通过常规水洗完全除去，这样就有可能对防爆膜提出了特殊的要求例如防腐蚀要求。本发明提供了一种优选的防爆膜，该防爆膜由防腐膜、密封膜和强度膜三层结构构成，所述防腐膜在最下层，上面依次是密封膜和强度膜，防腐膜的厚度为5-10μm，密封膜的厚度为20-100μm，强度膜的厚度为200-500μm。三层膜之间优选通过粘合剂紧密贴合在一起。
在所述防爆膜中，防腐膜在最下层，直接与生物燃气接触，防腐膜除了提供耐受酸性气体侵蚀作用外，也能够提供一定的密封性。
防腐膜可以采用常规天然气管道内衬防腐膜，例如高密度聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇等。
最优选地，本发明防腐膜的材质为硅氧烷改性的聚乙烯。所述硅氧烷优选为下式(a)和(b)所示多甲基硅氧烷的混合物，二者在改性聚乙烯中的摩尔比优选为1:1。
Figure PCTCN2016077595-appb-000001
其中n表示1-20的整数；
Figure PCTCN2016077595-appb-000002
其中x表示F、Cl或Br，m表示2或3的整数。
式(a)所示化合物优选为九甲基五硅硅氧烷。式(b)所示化合物优选为氯代多甲基硅氧烷。
其改性方法可以按照本领域的常规聚乙烯改性方法进行。
密封膜的材质优选为聚四氟乙烯。
强度膜为本领域的常规压力防爆强度膜，例如金属片层或聚酯片层，本领域技术人员可以根据防爆极限压力进行选择。
所述粘合剂可以为用于层压材料的粘合剂，例如聚氨酯粘合剂。
本发明的多层复合防爆膜对生物燃气具有较强的针对性，能够兼顾防腐蚀、防爆等多种性能。
在所述防爆控制器中，进气管可通过进气管孔从净化箱底部进入净化箱，并在液面下延伸一定长度，延伸的管子上面有若干出气孔，出气孔的孔径梯次加大，使燃气能够从进气管上的各个出气孔以平稳压力流出，燃气从出气孔进入密闭的净化箱，随后从上部的出气管排出进入燃烧器。如图1所例示，显示了3个进气管孔，从而使进气管的三个支管能够从中穿过进入净化箱。当然，如本领域技术人员可以意识到，当进气管具有多个支管时，可以相应采用多个进气管孔。
优选地，支管上的出气孔为圆孔。在进气管的每个支管上具有多于3 个出气孔。出气孔的半径随着进入净化箱的深度越深而逐渐增加，即，距离进气管孔越远，孔半径越大。本发明人经过大量研究发现，当孔半径之间满足如下关系时，可以使各个出气孔的生物燃气流量更均匀，从而在防爆控制器中造成的压力波动最小：所述出气孔等距离布置，相邻出气孔之间的距离为L，从距离进气管孔最近的出气孔开始，下一个出气孔的半径ri与前一个出气孔半径的ri-1满足ri/ri-1＝(L+ri-1)/L，i为2以上的整数。出乎意料地发现，当满足该关系时，能够使生物燃气在各个出气孔的流量分配更加均匀，从而对防爆净化液的扰动更小，使防爆净化液控制器的工作精确度大幅提高。在现有技术中，采用的出气孔往往只有一个，即使有多个出气孔，通常也是等孔径设计。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中，所述防爆控制器中的密封板的周缘施加有密封材料。所述密封材料优选为碳纤维增强的聚四氟乙烯。
在本发明的另一方面，还提供了操作上述防爆控制器的方法，该方法包括：通过进气管使生物质燃气从净化箱底部进入净化箱，从进气管的出气孔进入密闭的净化箱，气体通过净化液进行净化、去酸化，随后从上部的出气管排出进入燃烧器，在发生燃气回火时到达净化箱液面时燃烧被终止，并且在压力增大时防爆膜瞬间打开防止气爆发生。
净化液通常为包含脱酸性气物质的水溶液。
优选地，定期更换所述净化液。其更换频率根据净化液的失效状况而
本发明人经过研究发现，当在净化液中加入季铵碱
Figure PCTCN2016077595-appb-000003
其中R是
Figure PCTCN2016077595-appb-000004
(n为3～8的整数)时，对生物燃气的综合脱酸性气效果最佳。推测其原因，该季铵碱碱性比较强，与酸性气反应能力强，同时由于本申请的季铵结构具有醚键，末端有羟基，因而水溶性好，与酸性气例如硫醇形成配合物盐易于溶解在水性净化液中，不宜被生物燃气溶解 带出，并且可再生重复使用。这样的脱酸性气成分是一般脱酸性气成分例如氢氧化十八烷基二甲基苄基铵的脱酸性气能力的1.2-1.8倍，并且可重复使用4-8次，而氢氧化十八烷基二甲基苄基铵一般只可重复使用一次。所述季铵碱的加入浓度可以根据生物燃气的酸性加以确定。由于良好的脱酸性气效果，该净化液的使用使得甚至可以使用常规防爆膜。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的生物燃气系统回火防爆控制器的结构示意图；
图2是安装在图1所示防爆控制器上的进气管的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
实施例1
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。
一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器，该防爆控制器包括净化箱1、进气管孔2、出气管3、防爆膜4、密封板5、净化液控制器6、溢水孔7和进气管8，进气管8通过进气管孔2从净化箱底部进入净化箱1，并在液面下延伸一定长度，延伸的管子上面有若干出气孔9，出气孔的孔径梯次加大，使燃气能够从进气管8上的各个出气孔9流出，燃气从出气孔9进入密闭的净化箱1，随后从上部的出气管3排出进入燃烧器。所述出气孔9为圆孔。在进气管8具有3个支管，每个支管上具有15个出气孔9；出气孔的半径随着进入净化箱的深度越深而逐渐增加，即，距离进气管孔2越远，孔半径越大，所述出气孔等距离布置，相邻出气孔之间的距离为1cm，从距离进气管孔最近的出气孔开始，下一个出气孔的半径ri与前一个出气孔半径的ri-1满足ri/ri-1＝(L+ri-1)/L，第一个出气孔的半径r1为0.5mm。防爆膜由防腐膜、密封膜和强度膜三层结构构成，防腐膜为聚乙烯膜，密封膜为聚四氟乙烯膜，强度膜为聚碳酸酯膜。净化液中加入 0.1wt.％的季铵碱
Figure PCTCN2016077595-appb-000005
其中R是
Figure PCTCN2016077595-appb-000006
(n为4)。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别仅在于所述防爆膜为常规的铝箔片。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别仅在于所述脱酸性气成分为0.1wt.％氢氧化十八烷基二甲基苄基铵。
通过实施例1和对比例1的比较发现，对于由农作物副产品气化获得的生物燃气，实施例1的防爆膜寿命是对比例1防爆膜寿命的48倍，且二者防爆极限压力相当。
通过实施例1和对比例2的比较发现，对于由农作物副产品气化获得的生物燃气，实施例1的净化液脱酸气效果是对比例2的净化液的1.48倍，且实施例1的净化液脱酸性气成分即季铵碱可以回收重复使用5次，而对比例2仅可回收使用2次。
所有这些的效果是本领域技术人员所预料不到的。
上述实施例和对比例二者比较所显示的效果仅仅是本发明装置的优点之一，如上文所述，本发明装置的优点绝不限于此。
本书面描述使用实例来公开本发明，包括最佳模式，且还使本领域技术人员能够制造和使用本发明。本发明的可授予专利的范围由权利要求书限定，且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其它实例。如果这种其它实例具有不异于权利要求书的字面语言的结构元素，或者如果这种其它实例包括与权利要求书的字面语言无实质性差异的等效结构元素，则这种其它实例旨在处于权利要求书的范围之内。在不会造成不一致的程度下，通过参考将本文中参考的所有引用之处并入本文中。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器，其特征在于，该防爆控制器包括净化箱(1)，进气管孔(2)，出气管(3)，防爆膜(4)，密封板(5)，净化液控制器(6)，溢水孔(7)，和进气管(8)。
  2. 根据权利要求1的防爆控制器，进气管(8)通过进气管孔(2)从净化箱底部进入净化箱(1)，并在液面下延伸一定长度，延伸的管子上面有若干出气孔(9)，出气孔的孔径梯次加大，使燃气能够从进气管(8)上的各个出气孔(9)流出，燃气从出气孔(9)进入密闭的净化箱(1)，随后从上部的出气管(3)排出进入燃烧器。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2的防爆控制器，其特征在于，所述出气孔(9)为圆孔。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的防爆控制器，其特征在于，所述密封板(5)的周缘施加有密封材料。
  5. 一种操作根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的防爆控制器的方法，该方法包括：通过进气管(8)使生物质燃气从净化箱底部进入净化箱(1)，从进气管(8)的出气孔(9)进入密闭的净化箱(1)，气体通过净化液进行净化、去酸化，随后从上部的出气管(3)排出进入燃烧器，在发生燃气回火时到达净化箱液面时燃烧被终止，并且在压力增大时防爆膜瞬间打开防止气爆发生。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，定期更换所述净化液。
PCT/CN2016/077595 2015-06-22 2016-03-28 一种生物质燃气系统回火防爆控制器及其操作方法 WO2016206429A1 (zh)

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