WO2016202186A1 - 一种多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法 - Google Patents

一种多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法 Download PDF

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WO2016202186A1
WO2016202186A1 PCT/CN2016/084994 CN2016084994W WO2016202186A1 WO 2016202186 A1 WO2016202186 A1 WO 2016202186A1 CN 2016084994 W CN2016084994 W CN 2016084994W WO 2016202186 A1 WO2016202186 A1 WO 2016202186A1
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user
mrn
base station
allocation method
transmission mode
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French (fr)
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王向阳
顾潇腾
庞巧
李奇峰
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Southeast University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/30Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/04Transmission power control [TPC]
    • H04W52/38TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/46TPC being performed in particular situations in multi-hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks

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  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless and mobile communication technologies, and in particular, to a power allocation method for a multi-user mobile relay communication system for an amorphous cell.
  • mobile relay reduces the deployment quality of fixed relay nodes in traditional cells, improves the energy efficiency of the entire communication system, expands the edge coverage of traditional cells, enhances the reliability of user communications, and improves The coverage capability of the cell in which it is located, thereby increasing the capacity of the communication system. Therefore, mobile relay, as a key technology of next-generation wireless communication systems, has become one of the research hotspots of wireless communication systems.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power allocation method for a multi-user mobile relay communication system, which maximizes the system average capacity under the condition that the total power transmitted by the base station is limited.
  • the present invention provides a power allocation method for a multi-user mobile relay communication system, which includes the following steps:
  • MRNs mobile relay nodes
  • the average power allocation method is adopted for the user who selects the MRN mode auxiliary transmission mode, and the water injection power allocation method is adopted for the user who selects the direct transmission mode, and the user transmits power after the user selects two transmission modes. And satisfying The total transmit power of the base station is P s .
  • the user directly communicates with the base station, and the base station sends a signal to the user throughout the transmission period, and the signal needs to penetrate the vehicle body to reach the user and experience the vehicle body penetration loss (VPL).
  • VPL vehicle body penetration loss
  • the ith user receives the signal as among them Is the channel coefficient of the base station and the user, and p i is the transmission power allocated by the base station to the i-th user.
  • the link capacity of the i-th user during direct transmission is Average system capacity is
  • the user communicates with the base station through the MRN, and divides a transmission period into two consecutive equal-length time slots by using a time division multiplexing manner, and in the second time slot, the MRN is connected.
  • the inbound link forwards the data received from the base station to the user, and the end user does not need to penetrate the vehicle body to receive the signal, thereby avoiding penetration of the vehicle body. loss.
  • the link capacity takes a smaller value of the backhaul link capacity and the access link capacity
  • the link capacity of the i-th user's MRN transmission is
  • h sr is the channel coefficient between the base station and the MRN. Is the channel coefficient between the MRN and the i-th user
  • p r is the transmission power of the mobile relay
  • 1/2 represents the effective transmission period (one time slot) occupied by the MRN auxiliary transmission mode as the direct transmission mode (two time slots)
  • Half of the average system capacity is
  • U dt is represented as a user set for selecting a direct transmission mode
  • U MRN is represented as a user set for selecting an MRN auxiliary transmission mode
  • the link capacity is high when the i-th user adopts the direct transmission mode.
  • the i-th user is included in the set U dt
  • the average power allocation method is adopted for the user who selects the MRN auxiliary transmission mode, and the power allocated by the jth user in the set U MRN is
  • the user who selects the direct transmission mode adopts a water injection power allocation method, and the optimal allocation power of the i-th user in the set U dt is p i .
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the maximum system average capacity is realized under the condition that the total power transmission of the base station is limited, and the utility model can be applied to the multi-user mobile relay communication system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-user mobile relay communication system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmission cycle of two transmission modes of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hybrid power distribution method for performance simulation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the average capacity of the system as a function of VPL in both the direct transmission and the MRN assisted transmission modes of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the average capacity of the system based on the transmission mode selection method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of different power allocation methods and system average capacity in different VPL scenarios of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-user mobile relay communication system according to the present invention.
  • the cell base station coverage radius is R in the system
  • the base station is located in the cell center
  • the total number of users in the cell is N.
  • the communication between the user in the car and the base station can utilize two transmission modes. One is the direct transmission mode. When this mode is used, the user directly communicates with the base station.
  • the base station sends a signal to the user throughout the transmission period, and the signal needs to penetrate the vehicle body to reach the user. Inevitably, it will experience car body penetration loss.
  • the other is the MRN auxiliary transmission mode. When this mode is used, the user communicates with the base station through the MRN, assuming that there is no interference in the direct transmission mode at this time.
  • the MRN consists of an in-vehicle and an off-board antenna, which are independent of each other and connected by cables.
  • the MRN is an in-band relay, so the time division multiplexing operation mode is adopted, that is, one transmission period is divided into two consecutive equal length slots, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the base station sends data to the MRN through the backhaul link.
  • the data received by the MRN from the base station through the access link is forwarded to the user, and the signal received by the end user does not need to penetrate.
  • the body of the car to avoid the effects of the VPL.
  • the user finally receives the signal and can be expressed as:
  • the link capacity of the i-th user during direct transmission is:
  • the i-th user in the cell uses the MRN-assisted transmission mode to communicate with the base station, since the MRN adopts the time division multiplexing mode of operation, the analysis of the received signal of the i-th user is performed in two time slots in sequence.
  • the base station sends a data symbol to the MRN served to the i-th user, and the signal received by the MRN can be expressed as:
  • h sr is the channel coefficient of the backhaul link between the base station and the MRN, assuming that the channel coefficient remains unchanged in two time slots of one transmission cycle
  • p i is the transmission power of the i-th user allocated by the base station
  • n r It is the additive white Gaussian noise corresponding to the MRN.
  • the MRN forwards the data symbols received from the base station in the first time slot to the i-th user, and the signal is used for transmitting Indicates that the signal received by the i-th user can be expressed as:
  • the channel coefficient of the access link between the MRN and the i-th user, and p r is the transmission power of the MRN. Expressed as additive white Gaussian noise at the ith user. It is easy to know that the MRN is forwarded to the i-th user.
  • the MRN considered by the present invention is a decoding forwarding relay. It is assumed that the MRN can completely recover the data symbols sent by the base station and forward and amplify the data symbols to the user. Substituting it into equation (4) can be further expressed as:
  • the link capacity of the MRN auxiliary transmission depends on the poor quality link in the backhaul link and the access link, and the value of the capacity takes the return link capacity and the smaller value of the access link. According to the Shannon formula, the ith The link capacity obtained when the user adopts the MRN auxiliary transmission mode is:
  • h sr is the channel coefficient between the base station and the MRN. Is the channel coefficient between the MRN and the i-th user, p r is the transmission power of the mobile relay, the first term in equation (6) represents the capacity of the backhaul link, and the second term represents the capacity of the access link,
  • the coefficient 1/2 represents that the effective transmission period (one time slot) occupied by the MRN auxiliary transmission mode is half of the direct transmission mode (two slots).
  • the direct link between the base station and the i-th user, the backhaul link between the base station and the corresponding MRN, and the access link channel coefficients between the MRN and the i-th user are respectively modeled as follows:
  • ⁇ sr is a complex Gaussian coefficient, which represents the Rayleigh small-scale fading of the direct link and the backhaul link, respectively.
  • the large-scale fading channel characteristic parameter refers to the spatial channel model in the non-line-of-view scenario of the urban micro-region, where ⁇ is the path loss exponent and ⁇ is the path loss constant. Indicates the distance between the base station and the i-th user, and d sr represents the distance between the base station and the corresponding MRN.
  • ⁇ sr is the shadow fading coefficient, obeying the logarithmic standard normal distribution.
  • denotes the channel coefficient of the access link, since the distance between the i-th user and the MRN serving the user is generally less than 5 meters, which is smaller than the breakpoint distance (20 meters) defined in the spatial channel model, and the total access link There is line-of-sight transmission, so ⁇ is assumed to be constant. Considering the influence of vehicle body penetration loss on system capacity performance, the vehicle body penetration coefficient ⁇ (0 ⁇ 1) is introduced, which is convenient for calculation and is often expressed in decibel form as vehicle body penetration loss.
  • the average system capacity can be expressed as:
  • the average system capacity can be expressed as:
  • the user and the base station in the vehicle have two communication modes: direct transmission and MRN auxiliary transmission, which can select the transmission mode and increase the average system capacity.
  • the specific process is as follows: the base station collects link quality information of all user backhaul links, access links, and direct links to the base station, and then calculates the link capacity of each user direct transmission mode and MRN auxiliary transmission mode at the base station. Finally, the base station selects a specific transmission mode for each user to obtain a higher link capacity.
  • U dt denote the set of users selecting the direct transmission mode
  • U MRN denote the set of users who select the MRN auxiliary transmission mode.
  • dim ⁇ U dt ⁇ N 1
  • dim ⁇ U MRN ⁇ N 2
  • dim ⁇ represents the dimension of a set, easy to know
  • N 1 + N 2 N.
  • this patent proposes a hybrid power allocation method to maximize the average system based on the transmission mode selection. capacity.
  • Figure 3 shows a complete flow chart of the hybrid power allocation method. After the user selects two sets of U dt and U MRN through the transmission mode selection in the cell, the user implements the direct transmission mode in the split set U dt . For the water injection power allocation method, the user who adopts the MRN auxiliary transmission mode in the divided set U MRN still adopts the average power allocation method, thereby maximizing the average system capacity in the case where the total power transmission of the base station is limited.
  • the user selecting the direct transmission mode is classified into the set U dt
  • the user selecting the MRN auxiliary transmission mode is classified into the set U MRN
  • the total transmission power of the base station is P s , then all users transmit power and should Meet the following conditions:
  • the set U MRN j-th transmit power allocated to the user can be expressed as:
  • the target set U of users dt power allocation is to set U dt link capacity for all users and a maximum, then the objective function is:
  • the Lagrangian multiplier ⁇ ( ⁇ 0) is introduced, and the Lagrangian function L(p i , ⁇ ) can be expressed as:
  • the Lagrangian function L(p i , ⁇ ) in equation (20) derives the value of p i from zero, thereby obtaining:
  • represents the water injection power threshold.
  • the optimal power distribution p i can be calculated.
  • the patent adopts a fast iterative method. At each iteration, ⁇ is updated to:
  • the system is a cell including a base station device and a plurality of buses having deployed MRNs.
  • the base station is located in the center of the cell, and the coverage radius is R.
  • the total number of users in the cell is N, and the users are randomly distributed in each vehicle. It is assumed that the end users are randomly and evenly distributed in the cell, and the average capacity performance of the system is obtained based on Monte Carlo simulation.
  • Embodiment 1 Two transmission mode scenarios based on different VPL parameters
  • the cell radius is set to 1000 meters
  • the total transmit power of the base station is 24 dBm
  • the noise figure of the MRN and the UE receiver is 9 dB
  • the access link channel coefficient ⁇ is set to 0.99.
  • the average system capacity in the direct transmission mode and the MRN auxiliary transmission mode changes with the VPL as shown in the figure.
  • the average system capacity obtained by all users in the direct transmission mode is continuously reduced, and the average system capacity obtained by all users using the MRN auxiliary transmission mode is not changed with the VPL. Change, indicating that the MRN auxiliary transmission mode is not affected by VPL changes, and the MRN auxiliary transmission mode is an effective way to improve communication quality.
  • Embodiment 2 Multi-user scenario selected based on different transmission modes
  • the cell radius is set to 1000 meters
  • the total transmit power of the base station is 24 dBm
  • the total number of users in the cell is N [20, 200]
  • the VPL is 20 dB.
  • the average system capacity under the single direct transmission or MRN auxiliary transmission mode and the mode selection method varies with the number of cell users. In the three modes, the average system capacity decreases with the number of users. Because the maximum transmit power of the base station is limited, the transmit power allocated by a single user decreases as the number of users increases. In the case of a change, the link capacity of a single user is reduced. At the same time, the capacity performance of the mode selection method is always better than the capacity performance of the two single transmission modes.
  • Embodiment 3 Multi-user scenario of different power allocation methods based on different VPL parameters
  • the cell radius is set to 1000 meters
  • the total transmit power of the base station is 24 dBm
  • the total number of users in the cell is N [20, 200]
  • the VPL is 20 dB and 25 dB, respectively.
  • the transmission mode selection and the average power allocation method are adopted, and the average system capacity performance of the hybrid power allocation method is shown as a graph of the number of cell users. For the whole system, as the VPL increases, more transmission power is consumed on the VPL, resulting in a reduction in the average system capacity improvement by the hybrid power allocation method.
  • the hybrid power allocation method can effectively improve the average system capacity compared to the transmission mode selection and the average power allocation method.
  • the hybrid power allocation method performs water injection power distribution for users adopting the direct transmission mode, and realizes direct transmission. Mode user link capacity maximization.

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Abstract

本发明针对多用户移动中继通信系统,公开了一种用于多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法。在该通信系统中,移动中继部署于公共交通车辆顶部,基站采用两种传输模式与车内的用户终端通信,一种是穿透车体直接传输,另一种是基站经过移动中继后传输到用户。针对每个用户进行两种传输模式的比较选择,在基站发射总功率受限的情况下,提出了一种基于传输模式选择的混合功率分配方法,实现了最大化平均系统容量。

Description

一种多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无线及移动通信技术领域,尤其是一种面向无定形小区的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法。
背景技术
随着时代的进步与发展,人类社会对无线通信系统的数据速率、传输质量等方面提出了越来越高的要求,希望在高速移动环境下依然保持可靠的通信质量。移动中继凭借功率低、部署灵活的特点,从而降低传统蜂窝小区中固定中继节点的部署质量,提高整个通信系统的能效,扩大传统蜂窝小区的边缘覆盖范围,增强用户通信的可靠性,提高所在小区的覆盖能力,进而提升通信系统的容量。因此,移动中继作为下一代无线通信系统的关键技术,已成为无线通信系统的研究热点之一。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,在基站发射总功率受限的条件下,实现最大化系统平均容量。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)设置小区基站覆盖半径为R,基站位于小区中心,小区内总用户数为N;
(2)小区内设置n辆部署移动中继节点(MRN)的公交车辆,用户随机分布在每辆车上,各车上用户数为Nk(k=1,2,...,n);
(3)采用混合功率分配方法,对选择MRN模式辅助传输模式的用户采用平均功率分配方法,对选择直接传输模式的用户采用注水功率分配方法,用户进行两种传输模式选择后,所有用户发射功率的和满足
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000001
其中基站总的发射功率为Ps
优选的,直接传输模式下,用户与基站直接进行通信,基站在整个传输周期内向用户发送信号,信号需要穿透车体才能到达用户,经历车体穿透损耗(VPL)。
优选的,在直接传输模式下,第i个用户接收信号为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000002
其中
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000003
是基站与用户的信道系数,pi是基站分配到第i个用户的发送功率,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000004
是归一化的发送数据符号,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000005
为均值为零,方差为σ2的加性高斯白噪声,则第i个用户的直接传输时的链路容量为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000006
平均系统容量为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000007
优选的,MRN模式辅助传输模式下,用户通过MRN辅助与基站进行通信,采用时分复用方式,将一个传输周期划分为两个连续的等长时隙,在第二个时隙,MRN通过接入链路将从基站接收的数据转发给用户,最终用户接收信号不需要穿透车体,从而避免车体穿透 损耗。
优选的,在MRN模式辅助传输模式下,链路容量取回程链路容量和接入链路容量中的较小值,第i个用户的MRN传输时的链路容量为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000008
其中,hsr是基站与MRN之间的信道系数,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000009
是MRN与第i个用户之间的信道系数,pr是移动中继的发送功率,1/2代表MRN辅助传输模式占用的有效传输周期(一个时隙)为直接传输模式(两个时隙)的一半,平均系统容量为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000010
优选的,在混合功率分配方法下,Udt表示为选择直接传输模式的用户集合,UMRN表示为选择MRN辅助传输模式的用户集合,当第i个用户采用直接传输模式时的链路容量高于MRN辅助传输模式时,将第i个用户纳入集合Udt,反之,将其纳入集合UMRN,平均系统容量为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000011
其中dim{Udt}=N1,dim{UMRN}=N2,总用户数N=N1+N2
优选的,对选择MRN辅助传输模式的用户采用平均功率分配方法,集合UMRN中第j个用户分配的功率为
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000012
优选的,对选择直接传输模式的用户采用注水功率分配方法,集合Udt内第i个用户最佳分配功率为pi
本发明的有益效果为:在基站发射总功率受限的条件下,实现了最大化系统平均容量,可应用于多用户移动中继通信系统。
附图说明
图1是本发明的多用户移动中继通信系统示意图。
图2是本发明的两种传输模式的传输周期示意图。
图3是本发明性能仿真的混合功率分配方法示意图。
图4是本发明的直接传输和MRN辅助传输两种模式下随VPL变化的系统平均容示意图。
图5是本发明的基于传输模式选择方法的系统平均容量示意图。
图6是本发明的不同功率分配方法及不同VPL场景下的系统平均容量示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,为本发明的多用户移动中继通信系统的示意图。假设系统中小区基站覆盖半径为R,基站位于小区中心,小区内总用户数为N。小区内存在n辆有部署MRN的公交车辆,用户随机分布在每辆车上,各车上用户数为Nk(k=1,2,...,n)。车厢内用户与基站进行通信可利用两种传输模式。一种是直接传输模式,采用此模式时,用户与基站直接进行通信,假设此时没有MRN辅助传输模式的干扰,基站在整个传输周期内向用户发送信号, 信号需要穿透车体才能到达用户,不可避免的会经历车体穿透损耗。另一种是MRN辅助传输模式,采用此模式时,用户通过MRN辅助与基站进行通信,假设此时没有直接传输模式的干扰。
MRN包含车内和车外天线,两者相互独立,通过电缆连接。MRN为带内中继,因此采用时分复用工作方式,即将一个传输周期划分为两个连续的等长时隙,如图2所示。在第一个时隙,基站通过回程链路向MRN发送数据,在第二个时隙,MRN通过接入链路从基站接收到的数据转发给用户,最终用户接收到的信号不需要穿透车体,从而避免VPL的影响。
如果小区内第i个用户采用直接传输模式与基站进行通信,则该用户最终接收到信号可表达为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000013
其中
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000014
是基站与用户的信道系数,pi是基站分配到第i个用户的发送功率,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000015
是归一化的发送数据符号,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000016
为均值为零,方差为σ2的加性高斯白噪声。根据香农公式,则第i个用户的直接传输时的链路容量为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000017
如果小区内第i个用户采用MRN辅助传输模式与基站进行通信,由于MRN采用时分复用工作方式,对第i个用户接收信号的分析要依次按两个时隙进行。在第一个时隙,基站发送数据符号到服务给第i个用户的MRN,该MRN接收到的信号可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000018
其中hsr是基站与该MRN间回程链路的信道系数,假设该信道系数在一个传输周期的两个时隙内保持不变,pi是基站分配第i个用户的发送功率,nr则是该MRN处对应的加性高斯白噪声。
在第二个时隙,该MRN将在第一个时隙内从基站接收到的数据符号转发给第i个用户,该发送信号用
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000019
表示,则第i个用户接收到的信号可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000020
其中,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000021
为该信道MRN与第i个用户间接入链路的信道系数,pr是MRN的发送功率,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000022
表示为第i个用户处的加性高斯白噪声。易知,该MRN转发给第i个用户的
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000023
依赖于其在第一个时隙接收到的信号ysr,本发明考虑的MRN为解码转发中继,假设MRN能够完全正确地恢复出基站发送的数据符号,将其放大转发给用户,则
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000024
将其代入式(4),可进一步表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000025
MRN辅助传输的链路容量取决于回程链路和接入链路中质量较差的链路,其容量的值取回程链路容量和接入链路的较小值,根据香农公式,第i个用户采用MRN辅助传输模式时可获得链路容量为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000026
其中,hsr是基站与MRN之间的信道系数,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000027
是MRN与第i个用户之间的信道系数,pr是移动中继的发送功率,式(6)中的第一项表示回程链路的容量,第二项表示接入链路的容量,系数1/2代表MRN辅助传输模式占用的有效传输周期(一个时隙)为直接传输模式(两个时隙)的一半。
基站与第i个用户的直接链路,基站与对应MRN间的回程链路以及该MRN与第i个用户间的接入链路信道系数分别建模如下:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000028
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000029
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000030
其中,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000031
和Γsr为复高斯系数,分别表示直接链路,回程链路的瑞利小尺度衰落。大尺度衰落信道特性参数参考城市微小区非视距场景下的空间信道模型,α是路径损耗指数,β是路径损耗常数,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000032
表示基站与第i个用户间的距离,dsr表示基站与对应MRN间的距离,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000033
和γsr是阴影衰落系数,服从对数标准正态分布。κ表示接入链路的信道系数,由于第i个用户与服务该用户间的MRN间距离一般小于5米,小于空间信道模型中定义的断点距离(20米),并且接入链路总存在视距传输,因此将κ假设为常数。考虑车体穿透损耗对系统容量性能的影响,引入车体穿透系数ε(0<ε≤1),为计算方便,也常将其以分贝的形式表示为车体穿透损耗。
用户采用直接传输模式时,平均系统容量可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000034
用户采用MRN辅助传输模式时,平均系统容量可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000035
在多移动中继辅助传输多用户系统中,车厢内用户与基站存在直接传输和MRN辅助传输两种通信模式,可进行传输模式选择,提升系统平均容量。具体过程如下:基站对基站收集所有用户回程链路,接入链路以及直接链路的链路质量信息,然后在基站计算出每个用户直接传输模式和MRN辅助传输模式下的链路容量,最后基站为每个用户选择一个特定的传输模式使其获得更高的链路容量。
令Udt表示选择直接传输模式的用户集合,UMRN表示选择MRN辅助传输模式的用户集合。当第i个用户采用直接传输模式时的链路容量高于MRN辅助传输模式时,将第i个用户纳入集合Udt,反之,将其纳入集合UMRN,Udt、UMRN分别定义如下:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000037
其中,dim{Udt}=N1,dim{UMRN}=N2,dim{·}表示一个集合的维度,易知,
N1+N2=N。进行传输模式选择后,此时系统的平均容量可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000038
对于多移动中继辅助传输多用户系统,在基站处总是对所有用户进行平均功率分配,鉴于此,本专利在传输模式选择的基础上,提出了一种混合功率分配方法以最大化平均系统容量。图3给出了完整的混合功率分配方法流程图,即在小区内用户经过传输模式选择被分入Udt和UMRN两个集合后,对分入集合Udt中采用直接传输模式的用户实施注水功率分配方法,对分入集合UMRN中采用MRN辅助传输模式的用户依旧采用平均功率分配方法,从而在基站发射总功率受限的情况下,最大化平均系统容量。
在进行传输模式选择后,选择直接传输模式的用户被归入集合Udt,选择MRN辅助传输模式的用户被归入集合UMRN,基站总的发射功率为Ps,则所有用户发射功率和应满足如下条件:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000039
对于集合UMRN中的用户采用平均功率分配方法,则集合UMRN中第j个用户分配到的发射功率可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000040
因此,集合Udt中所有直接传输用户的总发射功率受限于:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000041
对集合Udt中用户进行功率分配的目标是使集合Udt中所有用户的链路容量和最大,则目标函数为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000044
3)pi≥0,i=1,2,...,N1
为解决上式所示的最优化问题,引入拉格朗日乘子λ(λ≥0),拉格朗日函数L(pi,λ)可表示为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000045
当目标函数取得最优值时,式(20)中拉格朗日函数L(pi,λ)对pi求导的值等于零,由此可得:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000047
则由式(21)可进一步推导出:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000048
其中,
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000049
η表示注水功率门限,在确定η的值后,可计算出最佳功率分配pi,为能够更快地确定注水门限η,本专利采用快速迭代法。在每次迭代时,η更新为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000050
其中,0<δ<1是迭代步长,η的初始值η0为:
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000051
上式可令式(22)在
Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-000052
的条件下得到。
为了通过仿真评估对比本发明的模式选择方法与传统单一传输模式方法的系统性能,假设系统为一个蜂窝小区,它包括一个基站设备和若干辆有部署MRN的公交车辆。基站位于小区中心,覆盖半径为R,小区内总用户数为N,用户随机分布在每辆车上。假设终端用户在小区内随机均匀分布,基于蒙特卡罗方法仿真得到系统平均容量性能。
实施例1:基于不同VPL参数的两种传输模式场景
在多移动中继辅助传输多用户系统中,小区半径设为1000米,基站总的发射功率为24dBm,MRN和用户端接收机的噪声系数为9dB,接入链路信道系数κ设为0.99。如图4所示,总用户数为N=100,多用户移动中继通信系统中,直接传输模式和MRN辅助传输模式下的平均系统容量随VPL的变化曲线如图所示。所有用户采用直接传输模式获得的平均系统容量不断降低,而所有用户采用MRN辅助传输模式时获得的平均系统容量则不随VPL改 变,说明MRN辅助传输模式不受VPL变化的影响,MRN辅助传输模式是一种提升通信质量的有效方式。
实施例2:基于不同传输模式选择的多用户场景
在多移动中继辅助传输多用户系统中,小区半径设为1000米,基站总的发射功率为24dBm,小区内总用户数N范围为[20,200],VPL为20dB。如图5所示,为本发明多用户移动中继通信系统中,采用单一直接传输或MRN辅助传输模式及模式选择方法下的平均系统容量随着小区用户数的变化曲线。三种模式下,平均系统容量均随着用户数目的增多而逐渐降低,因为基站的最大发送功率受限,单个用户分配到的发送功率随着用户数目的增大而减小,在其他条件不变的情况下,导致单个用户的链路容量降低。同时,模式选择方法的容量性能要始终优于两种单一传输模式下的容量性能。
实施例3:基于不同VPL参数的不同功率分配方法的多用户场景
在多移动中继辅助传输多用户系统中,小区半径设为1000米,基站总的发射功率为24dBm,小区内总用户数N范围[20,200],VPL分别为20dB和25dB。如图6所示,多用户移动中继通信系统中,采用传输模式选择配合平均功率分配方法,以及采取混合功率分配方法的平均系统容量性能随着小区用户数的变化曲线如图所示。整个系统而言,随着VPL的增大,更多的发送功率消耗在VPL上,导致混合功率分配方法对平均系统容量的提升作用减小。两种VPL情况下,相比于传输模式选择配合平均功率分配方法,混合功率分配方法能有效提高平均系统容量,混合功率分配方法对采用直接传输模式的用户进行了注水功率分配,实现了直接传输模式用户链路容量和的最大化。
尽管本发明就优选实施方式进行了示意和描述,但本领域的技术人员应当理解,只要不超出本发明的权利要求所限定的范围,可以对本发明进行各种变化和修改。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    (1)设置小区基站覆盖半径为R,基站位于小区中心,小区内总用户数为N;
    (2)小区内设置n辆部署移动中继节点的公交车辆,用户随机分布在每辆车上,各车上用户数为Nk(k=1,2,...,n);
    (3)采用混合功率分配方法,对选择MRN模式辅助传输模式的用户采用平均功率分配方法,对选择直接传输模式的用户采用注水功率分配方法,用户进行两种传输模式选择后,所有用户发射功率的和满足
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100001
    其中基站总的发射功率为Ps
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述的直接传输模式下,用户与基站直接进行通信,基站在整个传输周期内向用户发送信号,信号需要穿透车体才能到达用户,经历车体穿透损耗。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,在直接传输模式下,第i个用户接收信号为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100002
    其中
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100003
    是基站与第i个用户之间的信道系数,pi是基站分配到第i个用户的发送功率,
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100004
    是归一化的发送数据符号,
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100005
    为均值为零,方差为σ2的加性高斯白噪声,则第i个用户的直接传输时的链路容量为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100006
    平均系统容量为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100007
  4. 如权利要求1所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,所述的MRN模式辅助传输模式下,用户通过MRN辅助与基站进行通信,采用时分复用方式,将一个传输周期划分为两个连续的等长时隙,在第二个时隙,MRN通过接入链路将从基站接收的数据转发给用户。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,在MRN模式辅助传输模式下,链路容量取回程链路容量和接入链路容量中的较小值,第i个用户的MRN传输时的链路容量为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100008
    其中,hsr是基站与MRN之间的信道系数,
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100009
    是MRN与第i个用户之间的信道系数,pr是移动中继的发送功率,1/2代表MRN辅助传输模式占用的有效传输周期一个时隙为直接传输模式两个时隙的一半,平均系统容量为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100010
  6. 如权利要求1所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,在混合功率分配方法下,Udt表示为选择直接传输模式的用户集合,UMRN表示为选择MRN辅助传输模式的用户集合,当第i个用户采用直接传输模式时的链路容量高于MRN辅助传输模式时,将第i个用户纳入集合Udt,反之,将其纳入集合UMRN,平均系统容量为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100011
    其中dim{Udt}=N1,dim{UMRN}=N2,总用户数N=N1+N2
  7. 如权利要求1所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,对选择MRN辅助传输模式的用户采用平均功率分配方法,集合UMRN中第j个用户分配的功率为
    Figure PCTCN2016084994-appb-100012
  8. 如权利要求1所述的多用户移动中继通信系统的功率分配方法,其特征在于,对选择直接传输模式的用户采用注水功率分配方法,集合Udt内第i个用户最佳分配功率为pi
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