WO2016199072A1 - Machine pour la plantation de plants de semis avec pelote racinaire - Google Patents

Machine pour la plantation de plants de semis avec pelote racinaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016199072A1
WO2016199072A1 PCT/IB2016/053415 IB2016053415W WO2016199072A1 WO 2016199072 A1 WO2016199072 A1 WO 2016199072A1 IB 2016053415 W IB2016053415 W IB 2016053415W WO 2016199072 A1 WO2016199072 A1 WO 2016199072A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
machine
seedlings
cylinder
holes
ducts
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2016/053415
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Iván Darío ARISTIZÁBAL TORRES
Edilson León MORENO CÁRDENAS
Original Assignee
Universidad Nacional De Colombia
Tahami & Cultiflores S.A. En Reorganizacion
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidad Nacional De Colombia, Tahami & Cultiflores S.A. En Reorganizacion filed Critical Universidad Nacional De Colombia
Publication of WO2016199072A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016199072A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B29/00—Rollers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B29/00—Rollers
    • A01B29/06—Rollers with special additional arrangements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/04—Transplanting machines for deeper setting or shifting of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to machines for transplanting plant species. Specifically, with the equipment or machines to transplant seedlings with root ball.
  • seedling Conventionally the transplantation of seedlings with root ball (hereinafter seedling) from the trays to the planting place is done manually, that is, an operator performs the hole in the place where the seedling will be arranged, removes the seedling from the tray, and finally arrange the seedling in the hole.
  • the place where the seedling is arranged is called a bed and is a rectangular terrain, usually at floor level.
  • the bed is located in a greenhouse or under a covered structure or shed.
  • the disclosure of the DUE 144 Automatic machine indicates that the machine transplants seedlings with 4x4 or 5x5 cubic rootball (cm x cm).
  • Machine It comprises two chassis independent of each other. A chassis is external and is mounted on four wheels; The wheels allow the movement of the machine. The other chassis is internal and in this a transplant system is arranged.
  • the transplant system consists of a feeding belt that precedes the automatic loading of the seedlings in a vertical distributor, bucket band type. When the vertical distributor descends to the floor, the buckets make the hole and additionally open to arrange the seedling in the hole.
  • Patent document US20020043196 A1 discloses a carousel distribution unit for the handling and planting of plant species.
  • the unit is capable of planting two rows simultaneously with a single operator.
  • the unit comprises two arms that make holes in the rows.
  • the unit also comprises a carousel-like structure that has conical cups in which the plant species to be planted are arranged (by the operator).
  • the arms and the carousel-like structure are operatively arranged so that when the arms culminate the realization of the holes, the conical cups open, and through some channels the plant species descend from the conical cup to the hole.
  • This unit must be moved by an external power source, such as a tractor.
  • the number of rows and row distribution may vary. Conventionally, the number of rows is greater than two. As for the rows, the distribution of the holes can be such that they configure rows parallel to each other, but they can also configure diagonals or other distributions. Therefore, a machine is needed for the seedling transplant process, which avoids occupational health problems in the operators, which is versatile with respect to the number of rows and distribution of the holes to which the seedlings are transplanted, and versatile with respect to the power source that moves it. Short description
  • the present invention corresponds to a machine for seedling transplantation.
  • the machine comprises a mobile chassis and a transplant unit operatively arranged to make holes in a bed where the seedlings are transplanted.
  • the mobile chassis comprises wheels to move the machine and in its upper part it includes a tray support to arrange the trays where the seedlings are located.
  • the transplant unit is arranged in the mobile chassis, and is comprised of a choke cylinder and ducts. The drowning cylinder makes the holes in the bed and through the ducts the seedlings are guided to the holes.
  • the machine comprises a power unit operatively arranged to transmit power to the mobile chassis wheels. Description of the figures
  • Fig. 1 corresponds to an isometric perspective view of an embodiment of the invention, in which the mobile chassis and the transplant unit are displayed.
  • Fig. 2 corresponds to a top view, in which the holes made by the choke cylinder of the transplant unit and the arrangement of the ducts with respect to the choke cylinder are visualized.
  • Fig. 3 corresponds to an isometric perspective view and a detail of an embodiment of the invention, which in addition to comprising the mobile chassis and the transplant unit, comprises a power unit.
  • the configuration of the present invention will be described using FIGS. 1 to 6, but it should be understood that this can be done in many other specific ways without departing from the concept or scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention corresponds to a machine for seedling transplantation. Referring to Fig. 1, the machine essentially comprises two units: - a mobile chassis; Y
  • the mobile chassis is a structure whose function is to house the rest of the machine components.
  • the mobile chassis comprises in its upper part a tray support (2) and in its lower part it comprises wheels (3).
  • the tray holder (2) In the tray holder (2) the trays containing the seedlings to be transplanted are arranged.
  • the mobile chassis comprises:
  • the profiles (1) are operationally arranged forming a rectangular parallelepiped, in which the profiles (1) located in a vertical position extend towards their lower part beyond its articulation with the profiles (1) located in a horizontal position.
  • the wheels (3) are arranged, that is, a total of four wheels (3) are arranged, one for each profile (1).
  • the tray support (2) in the upper part of the rectangular parallelepiped formed by the profiles (1) the tray support (2) is arranged.
  • the tray support (2) is understood of tubes (4) that make up a rectangle.
  • the tray support (2) is articulated with the rectangular parallelepiped formed by the profiles (1) by means of the pivot (5).
  • the pivot (5) allows the support of trays (2) to pivot with respect to the upper part of the rectangular parallelepiped formed by the profiles (1).
  • the tray support (2) is fixed to the upper part of the rectangular parallelepiped formed by the profiles (1). In this case, the tray support (2) does not pivot.
  • the tray support (2) is a plate, sheet or surface on which the trays are arranged.
  • the profiles (1) can be hollow or rigid closed profiles, or open profiles.
  • the material of the profiles (1) and the tray support (2) is metallic, such as steel, aluminum, preferably a corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel or with coatings or treatments that allow to protect from the environment, such as galvanized, aluminum film coating, stainless paints, epoxy paints or electrostatic paint.
  • the transplant unit is comprised of a choke cylinder (6) and at least one duct (7).
  • the choke cylinder (6) and the duct (7) are operatively arranged in the mobile chassis so that the choke cylinder (6) makes the holes where the seedlings are arranged, and the duct (7) guides the seedling into the hole generated by the choke cylinder (6).
  • the transplant unit comprises:
  • the choke cylinder (6) is arranged in the front of the machine, such that the choke cylinder (6) makes the holes in the bed where the seeds are then transplanted. seedlings
  • the choke cylinder (6) comprises a cylinder (13) and chokes (1 1) distributed on the surface of the cylinder (13).
  • the cylinder (13) is rigid, although in other embodiments the cylinder (13) is a hollow cylinder with covers at its ends. The last modality allows a cylinder (13) of lower weight with respect to a rigid cylinder.
  • the chokers (11) have a three-dimensional geometry that allows a hole in the bed where seedlings, verb and grace cones, truncated cones, pyramids, cylinders are transplanted.
  • the distribution of the holes in the bed is determined by the type of plant species of the seedling, and technical requirements of the crop, therefore it obeys a pattern, which can be organized or not. Therefore, the distribution of the chokes (1 1) in the cylinder (13) is carried out in such a way that the distribution of the holes to be made coincides with the required pattern.
  • the distribution of the chokes (11) in the cylinder (13) corresponds to a pattern of holes that form rows parallel to each other, but perpendicular to the direction of advance of the machine.
  • the choke cylinder (6) is articulated with the mobile chassis by two arms (8). At one end of the arms (8) they are articulated to the profiles (1), arranged in a horizontal position.
  • the articulation between arms (8) and profiles (1) is carried out by means of fasteners such as screws, pins, bushings, rivets and the like, which allow the pivoting of the arms (8) with respect to the profiles (1).
  • the other end of the arms (8) is articulated with the ends of the choke cylinder (6), an arm (8) at each end of the choke cylinder (6).
  • the joint between the arms (8) and the choke cylinder (6) is such that it allows rotation of the choke cylinder (6) relative to the point of articulation.
  • the transplant unit comprises a positioning mechanism to place the choke cylinder (6) in working position and transfer position.
  • the working position corresponds to the position in which the choke cylinder (6) is arranged to make holes in the bed
  • the transfer position corresponds to the position in which the choke cylinder (6) is arranged to move the machine, in this position the choke cylinder (6) has no contact with any surface.
  • the positioning mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a gearmotor, a pulley or chain type transmission mechanism, a bar structure, actuators, servomotors and a combination of the above; which is operatively arranged to change from working position to transfer position and vice versa to the choke cylinder. Referring to Fig.
  • the positioning mechanism is two bar structures, each comprising a lever (9), a bar (10) and a pin (14).
  • One end of the bar (10) is articulated with the arm (8); The joint allows pivoting between both elements.
  • the other end of the bar (10) is articulated with the lever (9), along the latter.
  • One end of the lever (9) is articulated to a profile (1) of the mobile chassis arranged in an upright position, the joint allows the lever (9) to pivot with respect to the profile (1).
  • the pin (14) is fixed to a profile (1) of the mobile chassis arranged in an upright position, preferably located at the rear of the mobile chassis.
  • the profile (1) to which the pin (14) is fixed is different from the profile (1) to which the lever (9) is articulated.
  • a bar structure is arranged by each arm (8), that is, two bar structures are arranged.
  • the lever (9) is pivoted clockwise with respect to its articulation with the profile (1).
  • the bar (10) moves down and induces the arm (8) to pivot clockwise with respect to the profile (1) to which it is articulated, and therefore the choke cylinder (6) descends.
  • the lever (9) is pivoted counterclockwise with respect to its articulation with the profile (1).
  • the bar (10) is displaced upwards and causes the arm (8) to pivot counterclockwise with respect to the profile (1) to which it is articulated, and consequently the choke cylinder (6) ascends.
  • the ducts (7) are located after the choke cylinder (6).
  • the ducts (7) are arranged in such a way that at one of their ends the seedlings to be transplanted are entered, and at the other end the seedlings go directly to the holes made by the choke cylinder (6). Referring to Fig.
  • the end of the duct (7) through which the seedlings enter is placed at the top of the mobile chassis, when this end is fixed to a first plate (12), which is fixed to the profiles (1) of the mobile chassis.
  • a first plate (12) which is fixed to the profiles (1) of the mobile chassis.
  • the end of the duct (7) through which the seedlings leave is arranged in the lower part of the mobile chassis, by fixing this end to a second plate (18), which is fixed to the profiles ( 1) of the mobile chassis.
  • the duct (7) is straight and vertical in the section that is contained between the end where the seedlings enter and the end where the seedlings leave.
  • the amount of ducts (7) is equal to the number of holes in which the seedlings are transplanted, that is, as many ducts (7) are arranged as holes made by the choke cylinder (6).
  • the distribution of the ducts (7) is determined by the pattern described by the choke cylinder (6) when making the holes.
  • the distribution of the ducts (7) corresponds to a pattern of holes that form rows parallel to each other, but perpendicular to the direction of advance of the machine.
  • the machine comprises a power unit, which is operatively arranged to transmit power to at least one wheel (3).
  • the power unit is comprised of: a power source (15), a transmission (17) and a power supply (16).
  • the power source (15) is selected from the group consisting of electric motor, servomotor, hydraulic motor, internal combustion engine and pneumatic motor.
  • the transmission (17) is selected from the group consisting of gear reducer, pulley - belt transmission, chain transmission - cogwheel, worm gear - crown, cycloidal reducers, and a combination of the above.
  • the power supply (16) is selected from the group consisting of batteries, power transmission cable, pump, reservoir and hydraulic circuit (oil, water and other liquids), compressor, tank and circuit for air and fuel tank.
  • the power supply (16) is selected according to the selected power source (15).
  • the power source (15) is an electric motor
  • the transmission (17) is comprised of a gear reducer and chain-toothed wheel transmission
  • the power supply (16) are batteries.
  • the power unit is operatively arranged in the mobile chassis to transmit power to the rear wheels (3) of the machine.
  • the machine has a power unit and additionally has a control unit.
  • the control unit is operatively connected to the power unit to drive the feedrate, feed rate, machine stop and transplant time.
  • the control unit comprises a controller and input controls.
  • the input controls comprise at least one input control to operate the advance of the machine, and the control unit detects the machine according to the programming that is established.
  • the machine can be stopped at the end of the bed path, but during that journey the seedling transplantation is continuous.
  • the machine can also be stopped at certain established points along the route, in this case the number of holes made in the distance traveled must be taken into account, in order to determine the quantity and distribution of ducts (7) that the machine will comprise for seedling transplant, and therefore not leave pits without transplanted seedlings.
  • the machine stop time may be set in the controller or determined by the operator who will drive the machine forward.
  • Seedling transplantation can be performed by an operator or by automated arms. In both modalities, the seedlings will be taken from the seedling tray and placed at the entrance of the ducts (7) so that they descend through them into the holes made by the choking cylinder (6). In the mode that automated arms are used, these are connected to the control unit. In one embodiment of the invention, the advance of the machine is controlled by the operator. In this case, you can have a signal that tells the operator the distance traveled. For example, a mark can be established on the choke cylinder (6) visible by the operator, with which the operator deducts the amount of turns given by the choke cylinder (6), and taking into account the perimeter length of the choke cylinder (6) the distance traveled can be determined.
  • the seedlings to be transplanted are chrysanthemum, which are located in a tray, and are transplanted to a bed with a width of 1300mm and a planting density of 91 seedlings per m 2 .
  • the pattern of the holes is of lines parallel to each other, and perpendicular to the direction of advance of the machine. Each line is described by 10 holes. The separation between rows is 10Omrn and the separation between the center of the holes in the same row is 86mm.
  • the bed is located in a greenhouse.
  • the machine is comprised of a mobile chassis, such as the one described with reference to Fig. 3, that is to say profiles (1) that are operatively arranged to configure a rectangular parallelepiped with a width of 1400mm, a length of 1250mm and a height 1260mm
  • the mobile chassis comprises four wheels (3) of 210mm in diameter.
  • the profiles (1) comprising the mobile chassis are hollow tubular stainless steel profiles.
  • the mobile chassis comprises eight tray supports (2), four on each side of the ducts (7).
  • the choking cylinder (6) of the machine comprises a total of one hundred and twenty chokers (1 1), distributed in twelve rows of ten chokers (1 1) for each row. The separation between row is 100mm and the separation between center drowners (1 1) of the same row is 86mm.
  • the machine comprises twenty pipelines (7) distributed in two rows, ten pipelines (7) for each row.
  • the separation between rows is 100mm and the separation between the center of the ducts (7) of the same row is 86mm.
  • the machine has a power unit comprising:
  • a power source which is a 24V and 7.5A DC electric motor that supplies a power of 180W;
  • the gear reducer is coupled to the electric motor and its output shaft delivers a rotation speed of 188RPM.
  • the chain-sprocket transmission is operatively arranged to couple the output shaft of the gear reducer with the rear wheels (3), and deliver a turning speed on the rear wheels (3) of 27.8RPM.
  • the machine has a control unit comprising a controller and control commands.
  • the control commands are: - one to allow the passage of electrical current from the controller to the motor,
  • the controller is programmed so that every two rows available for seedling transplantation, the machine stops. For this, the speed of rotation of the wheels (3) and their circumference are considered.
  • Seedling transplantation is performed by two operators, who are arranged on either side of the machine.
  • the operators take the seedlings from the trays located in the trays supports (2) and arrange them at the entrances of the ducts (7). This operation is performed every time the machine stops.
  • the operators have arranged the twenty seedlings, one for each duct (7), one of the operators activates the control command that allows the passage of electrical current from the controller to the electric motor for the self-propelled transfer of the machine to the next position of transplant.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine pour la plantation de plants de semis, qui comprend un châssis mobile et une unité de plantation. Le châssis mobile présente des roues et sur celui-ci sont disposées les plateaux qui contiennent les plants de semis à planter. L'unité de plantation est formée d'un cylindre creuseur de trou et d'un conduit fonctionnellement disposé sur le châssis mobile pour que le cylindre creuseur de trou effectue les trous dans lesquels sont disposés les plants de semis et le conduit guide les plants de semis vers le trou.
PCT/IB2016/053415 2015-06-09 2016-06-09 Machine pour la plantation de plants de semis avec pelote racinaire WO2016199072A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CO15-131026 2015-06-09
CO15131026 2015-06-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016199072A1 true WO2016199072A1 (fr) 2016-12-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2016/053415 WO2016199072A1 (fr) 2015-06-09 2016-06-09 Machine pour la plantation de plants de semis avec pelote racinaire

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016199072A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107852913A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-03-30 昆明理工大学 一种三七籽条定向分离移载装置
CN111010900A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 无为县万祠农机专业合作社 一种农作物种植用刨土设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585117A (en) * 1945-04-09 1952-02-12 Be Ge Mfg Co Roller attachment for scrapers
US2778291A (en) * 1954-10-19 1957-01-22 James F Kerns Rotary renovator
US3236199A (en) * 1962-12-17 1966-02-22 Union Carbide Corp Seed planter
FR2560482A1 (fr) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-06 Regero Sa Machine notamment pour la plantation automatique des plants maraichers et horticoles
EP0485015A1 (fr) * 1990-11-05 1992-05-13 Costruzioni Meccaniche E Termoidrauliche Di Sfoggia Narciso Unité d'entraînement pour transplanteuse
US20070193482A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-08-23 Steve Spooner Drum punch seed planter
NL2009069C2 (nl) * 2012-06-27 2013-12-30 Basrijs B V Inrichting voor poten, planten en/of bemesten.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2585117A (en) * 1945-04-09 1952-02-12 Be Ge Mfg Co Roller attachment for scrapers
US2778291A (en) * 1954-10-19 1957-01-22 James F Kerns Rotary renovator
US3236199A (en) * 1962-12-17 1966-02-22 Union Carbide Corp Seed planter
FR2560482A1 (fr) * 1984-03-05 1985-09-06 Regero Sa Machine notamment pour la plantation automatique des plants maraichers et horticoles
EP0485015A1 (fr) * 1990-11-05 1992-05-13 Costruzioni Meccaniche E Termoidrauliche Di Sfoggia Narciso Unité d'entraînement pour transplanteuse
US20070193482A1 (en) * 2006-02-23 2007-08-23 Steve Spooner Drum punch seed planter
NL2009069C2 (nl) * 2012-06-27 2013-12-30 Basrijs B V Inrichting voor poten, planten en/of bemesten.

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BARRIERO, P. ET AL.: "Caracteristicas de las máquinas plantadoras y transplantadoras.", VIDA RURAL, 2000, pages 58 - 62, ISSN: 1133-8938 *
DEVNANI, R. S.: "Development and evaluation of anaerobic type sprouted rice drum seeder and to ascertain the physiological load on the operator.", AMA, AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA, AFRICA & LATIN AMERICA , SPRING, vol. 39, no. 2, 2008, pages 23 - 33, ISSN: 0084-5841 *
SATPATHY, S. K . ET AL.: "Effect of selected parameters on the performance of a semi-automatic vegetable transplanter.", AMA, AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN ASIA, AFRICA & LATIN AMERICA , SPRING, vol. 39, no. 2, 2008, pages 47 - 51, ISSN: 0084-5841 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107852913A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-03-30 昆明理工大学 一种三七籽条定向分离移载装置
CN111010900A (zh) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-17 无为县万祠农机专业合作社 一种农作物种植用刨土设备

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