WO2016192052A1 - 一种电池组件、电池组件的温控方法及其汽车 - Google Patents

一种电池组件、电池组件的温控方法及其汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016192052A1
WO2016192052A1 PCT/CN2015/080635 CN2015080635W WO2016192052A1 WO 2016192052 A1 WO2016192052 A1 WO 2016192052A1 CN 2015080635 W CN2015080635 W CN 2015080635W WO 2016192052 A1 WO2016192052 A1 WO 2016192052A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
wall
heat conducting
temperature
heat
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PCT/CN2015/080635
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅洪杰
Original Assignee
深圳市协展电子有限公司
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/080635 priority Critical patent/WO2016192052A1/zh
Publication of WO2016192052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016192052A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power storage device, and more particularly to a battery assembly, a temperature control method for the battery assembly, and an automobile thereof.
  • the main function of the battery pack is to supply electric energy to various electrical devices and the like. Assist the generator and store the power.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a battery assembly, a temperature control method for a battery assembly, and an automobile thereof which can automatically adjust and maintain temperature.
  • a battery assembly includes an upper cover, a lower cover, and a battery, the upper cover and the lower cover being closed to form a sealed cavity; Sealing the inside of the cavity; further comprising: a heat conducting component for exchanging heat with the outside of the sealing cavity; a limiting device for defining a position of the heat conducting component, wherein the heat conducting component is in a sealed cavity when the limiting device is in a heat conducting state Where the heat exchange is performed externally, when the limiting device is in a non-thermal conduction state, the heat conducting component is in a position where heat exchange cannot be performed outside the sealed cavity; the contact portion of the upper cover/lower cover and the heat conductive component is made of a heat conductive material .
  • the battery assembly of the present invention employs a vacuum technique, it is possible to stop or exchange heat with the outside of the sealed chamber in accordance with changes in ambient temperature.
  • the battery stops exchanging heat with the outside world, and keeps the temperature inside the sealed chamber constant, so that the battery performance is not affected by the external low temperature; when the outside temperature is high or the battery temperature is too high, the battery and the outside world Heat exchange reduces the temperature inside the sealed chamber so that battery performance is not affected by high temperatures.
  • a temperature control device is further included for controlling the limiting device to switch between the heat conducting state and the non-thermal conducting state according to the change of the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature control device can control the state of the limiting device according to the change of the temperature, which is more convenient and intelligent to use.
  • the temperature control device comprises: a temperature control switch, the temperature control switch switches between turning on or off according to a change of temperature; and the electromagnet is disposed on one side of the limiting device, and can be according to the temperature control switch
  • the conduction and disconnection generate a magnetic force change
  • the heat conduction element/restriction device is provided with a magnetic metal element at a portion corresponding to the electromagnet.
  • the electromagnet When the electromagnet is energized, the magnetic metal component can generate suction force with the electromagnet, and the limiting device can be expanded or moved.
  • the limiting device comprises a telescopic member, and when the telescopic member is extended or contracted, the heat conducting member simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover and cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover
  • the two states are down-converted to achieve a thermally conductive state and a non-thermally conductive state.
  • the telescopic component is an electric telescopic component that is driven by an electric motor, and the arrangement of the telescopic component can save layout, and the movement of the telescopic component can be directly realized without other auxiliary components.
  • the structure is simple and the stability is strong.
  • one end of the telescopic member is connected to the inner wall of the upper cover or the lower cover, and the other end is a telescopic end.
  • one end of the heat conducting element is connected to the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.
  • one end of the telescopic member is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is a telescopic end.
  • one end of the heat conducting element is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.
  • the limiting device further comprises a fixing device disposed in the sealed cavity, one end of the telescopic member is connected to the fixing device, and the other end of the telescopic member is a telescopic end.
  • one end of the heat conducting element is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.
  • the limiting device further comprises an auxiliary moving component, and the extension and contraction of the telescopic component drive the movement of the auxiliary moving component to achieve a thermally conductive and a non-conductive state.
  • one end of the heat conducting element is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the auxiliary moving part.
  • the extension and contraction of the telescopic member drive the movement of the auxiliary moving member to achieve a heat conduction and a non-thermal conduction state, so that the structure is more flexible.
  • the heat conducting element further comprises a heat conducting plate connected to the end of the heat conducting element.
  • the heat conducting plate is connected to the end of the heat conducting element to facilitate contact and connection of the heat conducting element with other components.
  • an automobile comprising the battery assembly described above.
  • thermocontrol method for the above battery assembly comprising the steps of:
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device to switch the limiting device between the heat conducting state and the non-thermal conducting state, and the heat conducting component is in the sealed cavity when the limiting device is in the heat conducting state.
  • the step (3) comprises: when the heat conduction state is performed, the heat conductive element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover; in the non-thermal conduction state, the heat conductive element cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the step (3) comprises:
  • step (3a) When the ambient temperature B ⁇ low temperature temperature threshold a, if B ⁇ battery temperature A ⁇ b, enter step (3a); if the battery temperature A ⁇ high temperature temperature threshold b or battery temperature A ⁇ ambient temperature B, proceeds to step (3b);
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device so that the limiting device is in a non-thermal conduction state, and the heat conducting component cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover;
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device so that the limiting device is in a heat conducting state, and the heat conducting element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the step (3) comprises:
  • step (3a) if the battery temperature A ⁇ ambient temperature B, proceeds to step (3b);
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device so that the limiting device is in a non-thermal conduction state, and the heat conducting component cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover;
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device so that the limiting device is in a heat conducting state, and the heat conducting element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the step (3) comprises:
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device to make the limiting device in a heat conducting state, and the heat conducting element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: since the battery assembly of the present invention employs a vacuum technology and a temperature control circuit, the sealed cavity can be stopped or exchanged with heat according to changes in ambient temperature. At low temperatures, the battery stops exchanging heat with the outside world, maintaining the constant temperature inside the sealed chamber, so that the battery performance is not affected by the external low temperature; at high temperature, the battery exchanges heat with the outside world, reducing the temperature inside the sealed chamber, so that the battery performance is not Affected by high temperatures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a battery assembly in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of a battery assembly in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a battery assembly in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a battery assembly according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a battery assembly in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of a battery pack in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of a battery assembly in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a battery assembly in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a temperature control method of a battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery assembly includes: an upper cover, a lower cover, and a battery, a terminal, the upper cover and the lower cover are closed to form a sealed cavity; and the battery is disposed in the sealed cavity
  • the inside of the body further includes: a heat conducting component for exchanging heat with the outside of the sealed cavity; a limiting device for defining a position of the heat conducting component, wherein the heat conducting component is outside the sealed cavity when the limiting device is in a heat conducting state In the position of heat exchange, when the limiting device is in a non-conducting state, the heat conducting component is in a position where heat cannot be exchanged with the outside of the sealed cavity; the contact portion of the upper cover/lower cover with the heat conducting component is made of a heat conductive material.
  • the battery assembly of the present invention employs a vacuum technique, it is possible to stop or exchange heat with the outside of the sealed chamber in accordance with changes in ambient temperature.
  • the battery stops exchanging heat with the outside world, and maintains the constant temperature inside the sealed chamber, so that the battery performance is not affected by the external low temperature; when the outside temperature is high or the battery temperature is too high, the battery exchanges heat with the outside, and the sealed cavity is lowered.
  • the internal temperature makes the battery performance unaffected by high temperatures.
  • a temperature control device is further included for controlling the limiting device to switch between the heat conducting state and the non-thermal conducting state according to the change of the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature control device can control the state of the limiting device according to the change of the temperature, which is more convenient and intelligent to use.
  • the temperature control circuit comprises: a temperature control switch for controlling the limit device to switch between a heat conducting state and a non heat conduction state according to a change of the ambient temperature; and an electromagnet disposed on one side of the limiting device
  • the magnetic force change may be generated according to the conduction and the disconnection of the temperature control switch, and the heat conduction element/limit device is provided with a magnetic metal component at a portion corresponding to the electromagnet.
  • the electromagnet When the electromagnet is energized, the magnetic metal component can generate suction force with the electromagnet, and the limiting device can be expanded or moved.
  • the temperature control switch can be implemented with a temperature relay or with a temperature controlled resistor. Depending on the implementation of the selected temperature switch, the setting of the temperature control circuit is different.
  • the temperature control switch can detect the temperature of the environment in real time, and compare the ambient temperature with a preset threshold, which can be higher than or When the temperature is lower than the set temperature threshold, the circuit is turned on or off.
  • the temperature control circuit is connected to the two poles of the battery, and the battery is used as the power supply end of the temperature control circuit.
  • the temperature control switch may be provided with a contact to contact the outer wall of the battery, or a contact is provided to contact the inner wall of the upper cover and the lower cover, so that the temperature of the battery and the temperature of the external environment can be detected in real time or at regular intervals. It can be set that when the temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the temperature control switch is turned on, and the electromagnet generates magnetic force; when the temperature is higher than the preset threshold, the temperature control switch is turned off, the electromagnet does not generate magnetic force; and the temperature can be set higher than the preset When the threshold is set, the temperature control switch is turned on, and the electromagnet generates a magnetic force.
  • the temperature control switch When the temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the temperature control switch is turned off, and the electromagnet does not generate a magnetic force.
  • the battery or the upper cover/lower cover may be set to the same or different thresholds according to specific conditions, and the temperature control circuit is set to perform different actions according to different thresholds of the battery or the upper cover/lower cover as needed. Or setting different low temperature thresholds and high temperature thresholds such that the temperature detected by the battery or the upper/lower cover is compared with the low temperature threshold and/or the high temperature threshold, and the temperature control device controls the limiting device according to a preset rule.
  • the thermally conductive elements achieve different states.
  • the temperature control device may be disposed inside the sealed cavity or partially outside the sealed cavity. For example, the contact of the temperature control device may be disposed on the outer wall, so that the temperature of the external environment is measured more directly.
  • the temperature control device can be implemented by means of software control.
  • the temperature sensor can be connected with the center console (or a separate controller) of the vehicle, and the detected temperature can be transmitted to the center console, which is controlled by the center console.
  • the preset program and the temperature threshold issue different control signals to control the limit device. It is also possible to implement a temperature control device by setting hardware.
  • the heat conducting element/restricting device is provided with a magnetic metal element at a portion corresponding to the electromagnet. If the end of the telescopic component is disposed on the fixed plate or the heat conducting plate, the magnetic metal component may be disposed on the fixed plate or the heat conducting plate corresponding to the position of the electromagnet; the magnetic metal component may be a magnetic iron piece, a magnetic iron plate, and a magnetic piece. Iron blocks, etc., can be fixed by means of pasting, inlaying, pressing, connecting parts, etc.; as long as the electromagnet can be energized, the magnetic metal element can generate suction force with the electromagnet, and the telescopic part can be expanded or moved. .
  • the heat conductive element is made of a magnetic metal material at a portion corresponding to the electromagnet, so that it is not necessary to separately provide a magnetic metal element on the heat conductive element, and the electromagnet is energized.
  • the heat-conducting element can directly generate suction force with the electromagnet to drive the telescopic component to expand or contract.
  • the battery component of the embodiment of the present invention may also not include a temperature control device, for example, the manual device may be directly set.
  • the switching device realizes state switching of the limiting device. The user can switch the state of the temperature control device through a manual switch according to changes in the external environment or the needs of the battery.
  • the battery assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an automobile as a battery assembly for starting a vehicle, but is not limited to being used only for starting a car, and can also be applied to other occasions, such as an electric vehicle or a ship. Aircraft and other occasions.
  • the upper cover and the lower cover are closed to form a sealed cavity.
  • the sealed cavity is preferably a vacuum sealed cavity.
  • the vacuum in the cavity is beneficial to maintain the temperature inside the cavity, and the heat exchange between the inside and the outside can be insulated when needed.
  • the limiting device comprises a telescopic member, and when the telescopic member is extended or contracted, the heat conducting member simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover and cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover
  • the two states are down-converted to achieve a thermally conductive state and a non-thermally conductive state.
  • the limiting device may further comprise other types of components, such as a movable component or a rotatable component. By controlling the movement or rotation of the movable component or the rotatable component, the heat conducting component is exchanged with the outside of the sealed cavity or the heat exchange is stopped. , to achieve thermal and non-thermal state.
  • the limiting device may be disposed entirely inside the sealed cavity or partially outside the sealed cavity.
  • the telescopic component is an electric telescopic component that is driven by an electric motor, and the arrangement of the telescopic component can save layout, and the movement of the telescopic component can be directly realized without other auxiliary components.
  • the structure is simple and the stability is strong.
  • the heat conductive element can be switched between the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover and the inner wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover at the same time, thereby realizing the heat conduction state and non-state. Thermal conductivity, simple structure and strong stability.
  • the temperature control device when the temperature is lower than the preset threshold a, the temperature control device is conducting, and the electric expansion and contraction member is extended; when the temperature is higher than the preset threshold a, the temperature control device is reversely guided, and the electric expansion and contraction member is contracted; When the temperature is higher than the preset threshold a, the temperature control device is conducting, and the electric telescopic component is extended; when the temperature is lower than the preset threshold a, the temperature control device is reversely turned, the electric telescopic component is contracted, and the other manners can be set.
  • the heat conducting component When the electric telescopic component is extended, the heat conducting component can simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover to achieve a heat conduction state; when the electric expansion component is contracted, the heat conductive component cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover, thereby realizing Non-conductive state.
  • the arrangement of the retractable parts saves the layout and allows the movement of the retractable parts directly without the need for additional auxiliary parts.
  • other types of telescopic components can also be used, such as reciprocating mechanisms with guide rails, reeling reel mechanisms, etc. Wait.
  • the heat conducting element may be a unitary structure, and the heat conducting effect is good.
  • the heat conducting element may further comprise a plurality of heat conducting elements spliced together, as long as the heat conducting elements are kept in contact with each other to achieve a heat conducting effect.
  • the heat conducting component may be disposed entirely inside the sealing cavity, or may be partially disposed inside the sealing cavity, and a part may be disposed outside the sealing cavity. For example, one end of the heat conducting component may be exposed to the sealing cavity and exposed to the outside, so that the heat dissipation is further improved. Fast, but in this case,.
  • the heat-conducting element and the limiting device can also be integrally formed, that is, the limiting device itself can conduct heat, and the limiting device is made of a heat-conducting material, such as a shrapnel made of metal.
  • the thermally conductive element may also include a thermally conductive plate, preferably made of a hard, thermally conductive material.
  • the heat conducting plate is connected to the end of the heat conducting element to facilitate contact and connection of the heat conducting element with other components.
  • the heat-conducting element can directly or partially surround the outer wall of the heat-conducting plate to increase the contact area and improve the heat-dissipating effect.
  • the end portion can be directly fixed to the heat-conducting plate, for example, by bonding, pressing, etc., or through
  • the connector is connected to the heat conducting plate.
  • the heat conducting plate may be a heat radiating plate made of a heat conductive material, preferably a metal heat conducting plate.
  • the heat conducting plate may be made of a heat conductive material as a whole, or the contact portion may be a heat conducting material, and as long as the contact is ensured, the heat can be smoothly transmitted to the corresponding component to satisfy the requirement.
  • the telescopic member may be provided as an elastic member
  • the elastic member may be a compression spring that, when in the extended or compressed state, can drive the heat conductive member to simultaneously contact the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the elastic member may also be an elastic member such as a spring piece, which can be deformed by an external force and restored to the original shape when the external force disappears.
  • one end of the telescopic member is connected to the inner wall of the upper cover or the lower cover, and the other end is a telescopic end.
  • one end of the heat conducting element is connected to the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.
  • one end of the telescopic member is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is a telescopic end.
  • one end of the heat conducting component is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic component.
  • the limiting device further comprises a fixing device disposed in the sealed cavity, one end of the telescopic member is connected to the fixing device, and the other end of the telescopic member is a telescopic end.
  • One end of the heat conducting element is connected
  • the other end of the battery is connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic member.
  • the fixing device may be a fixing plate, a fixing frame or the like.
  • the retractable member and the heat-conducting member may have other alternatives in addition to the above-mentioned connection structures, such as providing a plurality of telescopic members, and a plurality of heat-conducting members, a plurality of telescopic members and a plurality of heat-conducting members cooperating with each other.
  • the one or more heat conducting members can be brought into contact with the outer wall of the battery or the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover, so that the heat is on the battery and the inner wall.
  • one or more of the telescopic members expand or contract, causing one or more of the heat-conducting elements to not contact the outer wall of the battery or the inner wall of the upper/lower cover, so that heat cannot be on the battery and the inner wall It can be passed between.
  • the limiting device may further comprise an auxiliary moving component, and the extension and contraction of the telescopic component drive the movement of the auxiliary moving component to achieve a thermal conduction and a non-thermal conduction state.
  • One end of the heat conducting element is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is connected to the telescopic end of the auxiliary moving part.
  • the movement of the movable member drives the movement of the auxiliary moving member to achieve a thermally conductive and non-conductive state. This makes the structure more flexible.
  • the auxiliary moving component may include: a top plate connected to the telescopic end of the telescopic component; and a guide post movable by the extension and contraction of the telescopic component; the fixing plate is provided with a guide pillar
  • the guide post can be axially moved by the telescopic member; the guide post is connected at one end to the top plate, and the other end is connected to the heat conducting element; one end of the heat conducting element is connected to the outer wall of the battery, and the other end is connected Connected to the telescopic end of the guide post.
  • the guide post may be disposed inside the telescopic member, move axially through the space of the telescopic member and the fixed plate, or may be disposed on the side of the retractable member through the telescopic member and the fixed plate The space does the axial movement.
  • the auxiliary moving parts can adopt other structures, and the retractable parts and the auxiliary moving parts can also be realized by other combined structures.
  • the telescopic component and the top plate, the fixing device, the outer wall of the battery, the heat conducting component, the heat conducting plate, or the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover may be joined by bonding, pressing, or the like, or may be connected by a connecting member, etc.; the heat conducting component and the heat conducting plate, Can
  • the telescopic component, the fixing device, the outer wall of the battery, or the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover may be connected by winding, bonding, pressing, or the like, or may be connected by a connecting member or the like, as long as the heat can be smoothly transmitted to the corresponding component when the contact is made. fulfil requirements.
  • the guide post and the heat conducting element, the heat conducting plate, or the top post may be joined by bonding, pressing, or the like, or may be connected by a connecting member or the like.
  • the heat conducting element may be a flexible sheet-like, strip-shaped, linear heat-conducting member that can be extended and contracted with the telescopic member, and the flexible heat-conducting member may be integral or one or more sheets.
  • a strip-shaped, linear flexible thermally conductive element the flexible thermally conductive element may be made of a soft metallic material, or a sheet-like, strip-shaped, linear flexible thermally conductive element made of other thermally conductive material, preferably made of copper foil.
  • Thermal sheet The flexible heat-conducting member is selected to avoid relatively large stresses in the stretched state of the heat-conducting member, resulting in breakage of the heat-conductive member.
  • the outer wall of the battery may be wrapped with a copper foil or partially wrapped around the outer wall of the battery, so that the contact area with the battery is large, and the heat conduction effect is good.
  • the heat conducting element and the heat conducting plate can also be in contact with the heat conduction in this way.
  • a conductive insulating medium may be disposed at the junction of the battery electrode and the terminal.
  • the conductive heat insulating medium may be conductive rubber or other medium having conductive and heat insulating properties. The purpose is to ensure the heat exchange between the conductive column and the outside while ensuring the conductivity of the terminal, which is favorable for the internal temperature to be constant.
  • An insulation bracket may be disposed inside the battery assembly, and the contact portion of the heat insulation bracket and the inner wall of the battery assembly is made of a heat insulating material.
  • the battery may be disposed on the heat insulating bracket, and the fixing device for connecting one end of the telescopic member may be integrally formed with the heat insulating bracket in the sealed cavity, or may be separately disposed inside the sealed cavity.
  • the connecting piece or the like is connected or fixed on the heat insulating bracket.
  • the fixture and the insulating support are preferably made of a heat insulating material. Moreover, the smaller the contact area between the fixing device and the heat insulating bracket and the inner wall, the better, because the smaller the contact area with the inner wall, the less heat exchange with the inner wall, and the more favorable the internal temperature is.
  • the temperature control method of the battery assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device to switch the limiting device between the two states of heat conduction and non-thermal conduction, and when the limiting device is in a heat conducting state, the heat conducting component is in The position of the outside of the sealed cavity for heat exchange; when the limiting device is in a non-conductive state, the heat conducting element is in a position where heat cannot be exchanged with the outside of the sealed cavity.
  • the low temperature threshold a and/or the high temperature threshold b in the step (1) can be set according to the performance of the battery, and the battery can generally exert its optimal performance within a certain temperature range, and we can set the low temperature according to the temperature range.
  • the threshold a and/or the high temperature threshold b; the battery temperature inside the sealed chamber can be set to a ⁇ battery temperature A ⁇ b when the assembly of the battery assembly is completed.
  • the detecting battery temperature A and the external ambient temperature B described in the step (2) are detected by the temperature control device on the outer wall of the battery or the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover to detect the temperature of the battery and the external ambient temperature.
  • the step (3) comprises: when the heat conduction state is performed, the heat conductive element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover; in the non-thermal conduction state, the heat conductive element cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the low temperature threshold a and/or the high temperature threshold b are set according to actual conditions, for example, the low temperature and high temperature thresholds may be set according to the temperature range in which the components in the battery component operate normally, or only one low temperature threshold may be set. Or just set a high temperature threshold.
  • the initial temperature of the sealed cavity of the battery assembly may be set between the high temperature threshold b and the low temperature threshold a. This is beneficial to keep the performance of the battery in an optimal state.
  • the step (3) includes:
  • step (3a) When the ambient temperature B ⁇ low temperature temperature threshold a, if B ⁇ battery temperature A ⁇ b, enter step (3a); if the battery temperature A ⁇ high temperature temperature threshold b or battery temperature A ⁇ ambient temperature B, proceeds to step (3b);
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device so that the limiting device is in a non-thermal conduction state, and the heat conducting component cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover;
  • the temperature control device controls the limit device, so that the limit device is in a heat conduction state, and the heat conduction element contacts the battery at the same time
  • the outer wall and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover are the same walls.
  • the step (3) includes:
  • step (3a) When the ambient temperature B> high temperature temperature threshold b, if the battery temperature A> high temperature temperature threshold b, proceeds to step (3a); if the battery temperature A ⁇ low temperature threshold b, proceeds to step (3b);
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device to make the limiting device in a heat conducting state, and the heat conducting element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover;
  • the temperature control device controls the limit device so that the limit device is in a non-thermal conduction state, and the heat conductive element cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the step (3) includes:
  • step (3a) if the battery temperature A > ambient temperature B, proceeds to step (3a); if the battery temperature A ⁇ ambient temperature B, proceeds to step (3b);
  • the temperature control device controls the limiting device to make the limiting device in a heat conducting state, and the heat conducting element simultaneously contacts the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover;
  • the temperature control device controls the limit device so that the limit device is in a non-thermal conduction state, and the heat conductive element cannot simultaneously contact the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the upper cover/lower cover.
  • the device controls the limit device to achieve different states of the thermally conductive element.
  • the low temperature threshold and the high temperature threshold can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of a battery assembly.
  • the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are closed to form a vacuum sealed cavity, and the lithium battery 3 is fixedly disposed on the heat insulating bracket 5 inside the sealed cavity.
  • the telescopic member is an electric telescopic member 15, which is disposed on the fixed plate 10.
  • the electric telescopic member 15 is electrically connected to the lithium battery 3 (not shown), and is powered by the lithium battery 3.
  • the heat conducting element is a heat conducting sheet 4, and the heat conducting sheet 4 is in contact with the lithium battery 3
  • the end surrounds or partially surrounds the outer wall of the lithium battery 3.
  • the end of the heat conductive sheet 4 which is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2 is provided with a heat conducting plate 7, one end of which is connected with the heat conducting plate 7, and the extending arm 16 is in an extended state.
  • the heat conducting plate 7 connected to the extension arm 16 can be brought into contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2.
  • the electric telescopic component 15 is connected to the temperature control circuit (not shown), and the temperature detecting contact of the temperature control circuit can be disposed on the outer wall of the battery 3 and the inner wall of the lower cover 2 for detecting the battery temperature A and the external ambient temperature, respectively.
  • the battery pack is applied to a car as a battery pack for starting a car.
  • the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are first closed, and the inside of the sealed cavity is evacuated through a vacuum extraction port, and the sealed cavity is maintained under a vacuum condition of a normal temperature. That is, 0 ⁇ battery temperature A ⁇ 30.
  • the temperature control circuit detects the external ambient temperature B ⁇ 0, the battery assembly for the vehicle is used in a low temperature environment.
  • the initial state is 0 ⁇ battery temperature ⁇ 30, the temperature control circuit is reversed and stretched.
  • the arm 16 is contracted so that the heat conducting plate 7 is separated from the inner wall of the lower cover 2. Since the air inside the closed cavity is in a vacuum state, heat is not exchanged between the battery 3 and the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and the heat inside the closed cavity cannot be dissipated. It can be kept at a fixed value, avoiding the temperature drop affecting the performance of the battery; if the battery is working, generating heat causes the battery temperature to rise.
  • the temperature control circuit is conducting, and the extension arm 16 is stretched so that the heat conducting plate 7 is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and the heat of the battery can be transmitted to the outside through the heat conducting element.
  • the heat conductive sheet 4 can also be divided into a plurality of separate portions. Through the telescopic movement of the electric expansion and contraction member 15, the plurality of heat conductive sheets 4 can be spliced together and contact each other to realize a heat conduction and a non-heat conduction state.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a battery pack according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are closed to form a vacuum sealed cavity, and the lithium battery 3 is fixedly disposed on the heat insulating bracket 5 inside the sealed cavity.
  • One end of the terminal 11 is disposed inside the sealed cavity and connected to the electrode of the lithium battery 3.
  • the other end of the terminal 11 passes through the upper cover 1, and the conductive rubber 14 is disposed at the junction of the lithium battery 3 and the terminal 11.
  • a vacuum extraction port (not shown) may also be included on the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 for extracting air inside the cavity to achieve a vacuum state inside the sealed cavity.
  • a heat conducting plate 7 is provided at one end of the heat conducting sheet 4 which is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2.
  • the heat conducting sheet 4, the heat conducting plate 7 and the contact portion of the lower cover 2 and the heat conducting plate 7 are made of a metal material such as aluminum. Or made of copper.
  • the heat conducting sheet 4 is a soft copper foil sheet, and one end of the heat conducting sheet 4 in contact with the lithium battery 3 surrounds or partially surrounds the outer wall of the lithium battery 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the length of the heat conducting sheet 4 is greater than the two ends thereof. The length of the heat transfer sheet 4 is relaxed at both ends to facilitate stretching.
  • the electromagnet 9 is disposed on one end side of the heat transfer plate 7, and an end portion of the heat transfer plate 7 is provided with a magnetic metal piece (not shown) at a portion corresponding to the electromagnet 9.
  • the compression spring 8 is disposed inside the sealing cavity, one end is disposed on the fixing plate 10, and the other end is connected to the heat conducting plate 7.
  • the compression spring 8 is used to realize the heat conduction between the heat conducting plate and the inner wall of the lower cover 2 when the expansion state is achieved, and the contraction state is performed.
  • the heat conducting plate is in separation from the inner wall of the lower cover 2; the temperature control switch 6 is for controlling the expansion and contraction of the compression spring 8 according to the change in temperature.
  • the temperature detecting contact of the temperature control switch may be disposed on the outer wall of the battery and the inner wall of the lower cover for detecting the battery temperature A and the external ambient temperature B, respectively.
  • the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are first closed, and the inside of the sealed cavity is evacuated through a vacuum extraction port, and the sealed cavity is maintained under a vacuum under normal temperature. , that is, 0 ⁇ battery temperature A ⁇ 30.
  • the temperature control switch 6 detects the ambient temperature B ⁇ 30, it is used in a high temperature environment.
  • the temperature control switch 6 if the battery temperature A ⁇ ambient temperature B, the temperature control switch 6 is turned on, the electromagnet 9 generates a magnetic force, and attracts a magnetic metal piece disposed at a corresponding position on the heat conducting plate 7, and the compression spring 8 pulls the heat conducting plate 7 away from the inner wall of the lower cover 2,
  • the heat conducting plate 7 is disengaged from the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and the heat outside the closed cavity cannot enter the inside, and the battery temperature can be maintained at a fixed value to prevent the temperature from affecting the performance of the battery.
  • the temperature control switch 6 detects the battery temperature A ⁇ the ambient temperature B, the temperature control switch 6 is turned off, the magnetic force of the electromagnet 9 disappears, and the compression spring 8 drives the top of the heat conducting plate 7
  • the inner wall of the lower cover 2 is placed so that the heat conducting plate 7 is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and the heat generated by the lithium battery 3 can be transferred to the inner wall of the lower cover 2 through the thermal conductive sheet 4 connected to the lithium battery 3, and then radiated to the outside through the outer wall of the lower cover 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the difference between Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 2 is that one end of the thermal conductive sheet 4 can be directly connected to the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and the other end can be connected through one end of the heat conducting plate 7 and the compression spring 8.
  • the other end of the compression spring 8 is connected to the inner wall of the lower cover 2.
  • the electromagnet 9 is disposed on the side of the heat conducting plate 7 facing away from the lithium battery 3.
  • the magnetic plate 17 is disposed at a position corresponding to the electromagnet 9. In the initial state, the compression spring 8 is in contact with the lithium battery 3 against the heat conducting plate 7.
  • the temperature control switch 6 When the battery temperature A ⁇ ambient temperature B, the temperature control switch 6 is turned on, the electromagnet 9 generates a suction force with the magnetic metal piece 17, so that the compression spring 8 drives the heat conducting plate 7, and the heat conducting plate 7 drives the heat conducting sheet 4 to the electromagnet 9
  • the heat conducting plate 7 When the direction is moved, the heat conducting plate 7 is away from the battery, and is out of contact with the lithium battery 3, and stops the heat of the lithium battery 3 from being transmitted to the outside through the inner wall of the lower cover 2.
  • the temperature control switch 6 When the battery temperature A ⁇ the ambient temperature B, the temperature control switch 6 is disconnected, the electromagnet 9 does not generate suction, and there is no suction between the electromagnet 9 and the magnetic metal piece, so that the compression spring 8 drives the heat conducting plate 7 under the elastic force.
  • the heat conducting plate 7 drives the heat conducting sheet 4 against the lithium battery 3, and the heat conducting plate 7 is in contact with the lithium battery 3, and the heat of the lithium battery 3 is conducted to the outside through the shell wall.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • the difference between the fourth embodiment and the second embodiment is that the two ends of the thermal conductive sheet 4 can be respectively connected to the inner wall of the lower cover 2 and the outer wall of the lithium battery 3.
  • the thermal conductive sheet 4 is disconnected, and the two ends of the disconnection are respectively connected to a heat conducting plate 7.
  • Each compression spring 8 has one end connected to the heat conducting plate, and the other end is respectively connected to the inner wall of the lower cover 2 or the fixing plate 10, and two temperature control circuits are arranged, and each temperature control circuit is connected with an electromagnet 9 and the electromagnet 9 is arranged.
  • each of the compression springs 8 is placed against the heat conducting plate 7 connected thereto so that the two heat conducting plates 7 are in contact with each other.
  • both temperature control circuits are turned on, and the electromagnet 9 generates a suction force with the magnetic metal piece, so that the compression spring 8 drives the heat conduction plate 7, and the heat conduction plate 7 drives the heat conduction plate 4 to the electromagnetic
  • the iron 9 moves in the direction, and the two heat conducting plates 7 are separated from each other to be out of contact, and the heat of the battery is stopped to be conducted to the outside through the shell wall.
  • the two temperature control circuits When the battery temperature A ⁇ the ambient temperature B, the two temperature control circuits are disconnected, the electromagnet 9 does not generate suction, and there is no suction between the electromagnet 9 and the magnetic metal piece, so that the two compression springs 8 drive each under the elastic force.
  • the heat conducting plate 7 and the heat conducting plate 7 drive the heat conducting sheets 4 to contact each other to conduct heat of the battery to the outside through the shell wall.
  • the heat conducting sheet can also be divided into a plurality of separate parts, each part is provided with a corresponding compression spring, a fixed plate, a heat conducting plate, a temperature control circuit, and an electromagnet and other related components in the temperature control circuit.
  • a plurality of thermal conductive sheets can be spliced together and contact each other to achieve the entire thermal and non-thermal conduction state.
  • the front view of the fifth embodiment of the battery assembly includes: an upper cover 1, a lower cover 2, a lithium battery 3, a heat conductive sheet 4, a heat insulating bracket 5, a temperature control switch 6, a heat conducting plate 7, and compression.
  • Spring 8 electromagnet 9, fixed plate 10, terminal 11, guide post 12, top plate 13, conductive rubber 14.
  • the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 are closed to form a vacuum sealed cavity, and the lithium battery 3 is fixedly disposed on the heat insulating bracket 5 inside the sealed cavity.
  • One end of the terminal 11 is disposed inside the sealed cavity and connected to the electrode of the lithium battery 3.
  • the other end of the terminal 11 passes through the upper cover 1, and the conductive rubber 14 is disposed at the junction of the lithium battery 3 and the terminal 11.
  • a vacuum extraction port (not shown) may also be included on the upper cover 1 and the lower cover 2 for extracting air inside the cavity to achieve a vacuum state inside the sealed cavity.
  • a heat conducting plate 7 is provided at one end of the heat conducting sheet 4 which is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2.
  • the heat conducting sheet 4, the heat conducting plate 7 and the contact portion of the lower cover 2 and the heat conducting plate 7 are made of a metal material such as aluminum or copper.
  • the heat conducting sheet 4 is a soft copper foil sheet, and one end of the heat conducting sheet 4 in contact with the lithium battery 3 surrounds or partially surrounds the outer wall of the lithium battery 3. As shown in FIG. 7, the length of the heat conducting sheet 4 is greater than the length between the two ends thereof.
  • the heat conductive sheet 4 has a relaxed state at both ends to facilitate stretching.
  • the electromagnet 9 is disposed on one side of the top plate 13, and the top plate 13 is provided with a magnetic metal piece (not shown) at a portion corresponding to the electromagnet 9.
  • the compression spring 8 is disposed inside the sealing cavity, one end is connected to the fixing plate 10, and the other end is connected to the top plate 13.
  • the guiding column 12 is disposed inside the compression spring 8, passes through the compression spring 8, and one end is connected with the top plate 13, and is fixed through
  • the plate 12 is connected to the heat conducting plate 7 at the other end.
  • the guide post 12 is axially movable along the guide post 12 inside the compression spring 8 and the fixed plate 12.
  • the fixing plate 12 is provided with a hole through which the guide post 12 can pass.
  • the compression spring 8 is used to realize heat conduction when the heat conduction plate is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2 in the extended state, and the heat conduction plate is separated from the inner wall of the lower cover 2 in the contracted state; the temperature control switch 6 is used to control the expansion and contraction of the compression spring 8 according to the change of temperature. In the original state, the compression spring 8 does not deform, and the heat conducting plate 7 does not contact the inner wall of the lower cover 2.
  • the battery pack is applied to a car as a battery pack for starting a car.
  • the upper cover and the lower cover are first closed, and the inside of the sealed cavity is evacuated through a vacuum extraction port, and the sealed cavity is maintained in a vacuum state of a normal temperature, that is, 0 ⁇ battery temperature A ⁇ 30.
  • the initial state temperature control switch 6 When the temperature control switch 6 detects 0 ⁇ ambient temperature B ⁇ 30 In the normal environment, the initial state temperature control switch 6 is turned on, and the electromagnet 9 generates a magnetic force to attract the magnetic metal piece disposed at the corresponding position on the fixed plate 13, so that the fixed plate 13 occurs radially along the guide post 12. Displacement, squeezing the compression spring 8, driving the guide post 12 to move in the direction of the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and contacting the inner wall of the lower cover 2, the heat generated by the lithium battery 3 can be transmitted to the inner wall of the lower cover 2 through the thermal conductive sheet 4 connected to the lithium battery 3. Then, it is distributed to the outside to realize the diffusion of heat and reduce the temperature of the battery inside the closed cavity.
  • the temperature control switch 6 detects the ambient temperature B ⁇ 0, the battery assembly for starting the vehicle is used in a low temperature environment.
  • the temperature control switch 6 is turned off, and the electromagnet 9 does not generate a magnetic force.
  • the compression spring 8 is in the original state, and the heat conducting plate 7 is out of contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2. The heat inside the closed cavity cannot be dissipated, and the battery temperature can be maintained at a fixed value to prevent the temperature from affecting the performance of the battery.
  • the temperature control switch 6 is turned on, and the electromagnet 9 generates a magnetic force to attract the magnetic metal piece disposed at the corresponding position on the fixed plate 13, so that The fixing plate 13 is displaced along the radial direction of the guiding column 12, and the compression spring 8 is squeezed to drive the guiding column 12 to move in the direction of the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and is in contact with the inner wall of the lower cover 2, and the heat generated by the lithium battery 3 can pass through the lithium battery 3
  • the connected heat conducting sheet 4 is transferred to the inner wall of the lower cover 2 and then radiated to the outside to realize heat diffusion and reduce the temperature of the battery inside the closed cavity.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the difference between Embodiment 6 and Embodiment 5 is that one end of the heat conductive sheet 4 is connected to the lower cover 2. The other end is connected to the heat conducting plate 7.
  • the compression spring 8 is used for achieving heat conduction when the heat conducting plate is in contact with the outer wall of the lithium battery 3 in the extended state, and the heat conducting plate is separated from the outer wall of the lithium battery 3 in the contracted state; in the original state, the compression spring 8 is not deformed, the heat conducting plate 7 and the lithium battery 3 The outer wall is not in contact.
  • the initial state temperature control switch 6 When the temperature control switch 6 detects 0 ⁇ ambient temperature B ⁇ 30, the initial state temperature control switch 6 is turned on, and the electromagnet 9 generates a magnetic force to attract the magnetic metal piece disposed at the corresponding position on the fixed plate 13 so as to be fixed.
  • the plate 13 is displaced along the radial direction of the guide post 12, and the compression spring 8 is squeezed to drive the guide post 12 to move toward the outer wall of the lithium battery 3 to contact the outer wall of the lithium battery 3.
  • the heat generated by the lithium battery 3 can be connected to the lithium battery 3.
  • the heat conducting sheet 4 is transferred to the inner wall of the lower cover 2 and then radiated to the outside to realize heat diffusion and reduce the temperature of the battery inside the closed cavity.
  • the heat conductive sheet can also be divided into a plurality of separate parts, and each part can be set correspondingly
  • the battery according to the embodiment of the invention may be a battery such as a lithium battery or a lead acid battery.
  • the heat conductive material includes a material having good thermal conductivity such as a metal material or a silicone material.
  • Metal materials include copper, aluminum, and the like.
  • the magnetic metal component includes an element made of a metal material containing iron cobalt nickel.
  • connections described in the embodiments of the present invention include fixed connections, and also include non-stationary connections.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池组件，包括上盖，下盖，电池，所述上盖与下盖封闭形成真空密封腔体；所述电池设置在密封腔体内部；导热元件，设置于密封腔体内部，用于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换；限位装置，设置于密封腔体内部来限定导热元件的位置，限位装置处于导热状态时，使导热元件处于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置，限位装置处于非导热状态时，导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；温控装置，设置于密封腔体内部，用于根据环境温度的变化控制限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换；所述导热元件，以及上盖/下盖与导热元件的接触部位由导热材料制成。

Description

一种电池组件、电池组件的温控方法及其汽车 【技术领域】
本发明涉及蓄电装置，尤其涉及一种电池组件、电池组件的温控方法及其汽车。
【背景技术】
电池组件的主要功能是用于向各种电气设备等提供电能。协助发电机及储存电能的功用。
但是当前的电池组件普遍不能自动保持和调节温度。在气候变化，温度过低或者过高的情况下，电池组件的容量和使用性能都不能达到理想的效果。特别是在环境温度降低到零度以下时，极大的影响了电池组件的正常启动和工作；当电池经过运行后，温度升高时，又不能及时将电池的热量散发出去，很容易造成电池的异常状况，影响正常使用。
【发明内容】
发明的目的是克服上述的现有技术的不足，提供可以自动调节和保持温度的电池组件、电池组件的温控方法及其汽车。
为解决上述问题，根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种一种电池组件，包括上盖、下盖、和电池，所述上盖与下盖封闭形成密封腔体；所述电池设置在密封腔体内部；还包括：导热元件，用于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换；限位装置，用来限定导热元件的位置，限位装置处于导热状态时，使导热元件处于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置，限位装置处于非导热状态时，使导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；所述上盖/下盖与导热元件的接触部位由导热材料制成。由于本发明的电池组件采用了真空技术，能够根据环境温度的变化使得密封腔体与外界停止或产生热量交换。外界低温时，电池停止与外界进行热量交换，保持密封腔体内部的恒温，使得电池性能不受外界低温影响；外界高温时或者电池温度过高时，电池与外界进行 热量交换，降低密封腔体内部的温度，使得电池性能不受高温影响。
优选地，还包括温控装置，用于根据环境温度的变化控制限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换。温控装置可以根据温度的变化来控制限位装置的状态，这样使用起来更加方便与智能。
优选地，所述温控装置包括：温控开关，根据温度的变化，温控开关在导通或断开之间切换；以及电磁铁，设置在限位装置的一侧，可以根据温控开关的导通与断开产生磁力变化，所述导热元件/限位装置在与电磁铁相对应的部位设置有磁性金属元件。在电磁铁通电状态下，磁性金属元件能与电磁铁产生吸力，带动限位装置伸缩或移动。
优选地，所述限位装置，包括可伸缩部件，可伸缩部件在伸展或收缩时，导热元件在同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁和不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁的两种状态下转换，实现导热状态和非导热状态。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件为电动马达带动伸缩的电动伸缩部件，可伸缩部件这样的设置可以节省布局，不需要其他的辅助部件就可以直接实现可伸缩部件的运动。结构简单，稳定性强。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到上盖或下盖内壁上，另一端为伸缩端。
优选地，所述导热元件的一端连接上盖/下盖内壁上，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到电池外壁上，另一端为伸缩端。
优选地，所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
优选地，所述限位装置，还包括设置在密封腔体内的固定装置，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到固定装置上，可伸缩部件的另一端为伸缩端。
优选地，所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁上，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
优选地，限位装置还包括辅助运动部件，可伸缩部件的伸展与收缩带动辅助运动部件的运动实现导热和非导热状态。
优选地，所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁上，另一端与辅助运动部件的伸缩端连接。可伸缩部件的伸展与收缩带动辅助运动部件的运动实现导热和非导热状态，这样设置结构更加灵活。
优选地，所述导热元件还包括导热板，导热板与导热元件的端处相连接。导热板与导热元件的端处连接，便于导热元件与其他部件的接触和连接。
根据本发明的另一实施例，还提供了一种汽车，包括上述的电池组件。
根据本发明的另一实施例，还提供了一种上述的电池组件的温控方法，包括以下步骤：
封闭电池组件的上盖与下盖，将密封腔体内部抽成真空状态，设定低温阈值a和/或高温阈值b；
检测电池温度A和外部环境温度B，并与预设的温度阈值比较；
根据第(2)步的比较结果，温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换，限位装置处于导热状态时，导热元件处于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；限位装置处于非导热状态时，导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置。
重复步骤(2)(3)。
优选地，所述步骤(3)包括：导热状态时，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；非导热状态时，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
优选地，所述步骤(3)包括：
当环境温度B≤低温温度阈值a时，如果B<电池温度A<b，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A≥高温温度阈值b或电池温度A≤环境温度B，进入步骤(3b)；
(3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
(3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
优选地，所述步骤(3)包括：
当环境温度B≥高温温度阈值b时，如果电池温度A<环境温度B，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A≥环境温度B，进入步骤(3b)；
(3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
(3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
优选地，所述步骤(3)包括：
当低温温度阈值a<环境温度B<高温温度阈值b时，温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：由于本发明的电池组件采用了真空技术和温控电路，能够根据环境温度的变化使得密封腔体与外界停止或产生热量交换。低温时，电池停止与外界进行热量交换，保持密封腔体内部的恒温，使得电池性能不受外界低温影响；高温时，电池与外界进行热量交换，降低密封腔体内部的温度，使得电池性能不受高温影响。
【附图说明】
图1为根据本发明实施例一的电池组件的示意图；
图2为根据本发明实施例二的电池组件的主视图；
图3为根据本发明实施例二的电池组件的俯视图；
图4为根据本发明实施例三的电池组件的示意图；
图5为根据本发明实施例四的电池组件的示意图；
图6为根据本发明实施例五的电池组件的主视图；
图7为根据本发明实施例五的电池组件的俯视图；
图8为根据本发明实施例六的电池组件的示意图。
图9为根据本发明实施例的电池组件的温控方法流程图；
其中：1：上盖，2：下盖，3：锂电池，4：导热片，5：隔热支架，6：温控开关， 7：导热板，8：压缩弹簧，9：电磁铁，10：固定板，11：接线柱，12：导柱，13：顶板，14：导电橡胶，15：电动伸缩部件，16：伸展臂，17：磁性金属片。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
根据本发明的一种实施例，提供了一种电池组件，包括：上盖、下盖、和电池，接线柱，所述上盖与下盖封闭形成密封腔体；所述电池设置在密封腔体内部；还包括：导热元件，用于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换；限位装置，用于限定导热元件的位置，限位装置处于导热状态时，导热元件处于可与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置，限位装置处于非导热状态时，导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；所述上盖/下盖与导热元件的接触部位由导热材料制成。由于本发明的电池组件采用了真空技术，能够根据环境温度的变化使得密封腔体与外界停止或产生热量交换。外界低温时，电池停止与外界进行热量交换，保持密封腔体内部的恒温，使得电池性能不受外界低温影响；外界高温时或者电池温度过高时，电池与外界进行热量交换，降低密封腔体内部的温度，使得电池性能不受高温影响。
优选地，还包括温控装置，用于根据环境温度的变化控制限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换。温控装置可以根据温度的变化来控制限位装置的状态，这样使用起来更加方便与智能。
优选地，所述温控电路包括：温控开关，用于根据环境温度的变化控制限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换；以及电磁铁，设置在限位装置的一侧，可以根据温控开关的导通与断开产生磁力变化，所述导热元件/限位装置在与电磁铁相对应的部位设置有磁性金属元件。在电磁铁通电状态下，磁性金属元件能与电磁铁产生吸力，带动限位装置伸缩或移动。温控开关可以用温度继电器实现，也可以用温控电阻实现。根据选择的温度开关的实现方式不同，温控电路的设置有所不同，温控开关可以实时检测到环境的温度，并将环境温度与预先设定的阈值比较，可以在温度高于或 者低于设定的温度阈值时，实现电路的导通或者闭合。温控电路与电池的两极相连，由电池作为温控电路的电源供应端。
比如温控开关可以设置有触点与电池外壁接触，或者设置有触点与上盖与下盖的内壁接触，这样可以实时或每隔一定时间检测到电池的温度，以及外部环境的温度。可以设置成温度低于预设阈值时，温控开关导通，电磁铁产生磁力；温度高于预设阈值时，温控开关断开，电磁铁不产生磁力；也可以设成温度高于预设阈值时，温控开关导通，电磁铁产生磁力，温度低于预设阈值时，温控开关断开，电磁铁不产生磁力。可以根据具体情况，对电池或上盖/下盖设置相同或者不同的阈值，温控电路根据需要设置成根据电池或上盖/下盖的不同阈值做出不同的动作。或者设定不同的低温阈值和高温阈值，使得在电池或上盖/下盖检测到的温度与低温阈值和/或高温阈值相比较，根据预先设定的规则，温控装置控制限位装置使导热元件实现不同的状态。温控装置可以设置在密封腔体内部，也可以部分设置在密封腔体外部，比如可以将温控装置的触点设置在外壁上，这样测外部环境的温度更加直接。
可以考虑使用软件控制类的方式实现温控装置，比如可以将温度传感器与汽车的中控台(或者单独的控制器)信号连接，将检测到的温度传递给中控台，由中控台根据事先设定的程序和温度阈值发出不同的控制信号，从而实现对限位装置的控制。也可以通过设置硬件实现温控装置。
所述导热元件/限位装置在与电磁铁相对应的部位设置有磁性金属元件。如果可伸缩部件的端部设置在固定板或者导热板上，则可以在固定板或者导热板上相应于电磁铁的位置设置磁性金属元件；磁性金属元件可以是磁性铁片，磁性铁板，磁性铁块，等，可以通过粘贴，镶嵌，压合，连接件连接等方式固定；只要能实现在电磁铁通电状态下，磁性金属元件能与电磁铁产生吸力，带动可伸缩部件伸缩或移动即可。当然，也可以使用具有磁性的金属材料制作导热元件，或者导热元件在与电磁铁相对应的部位用磁性金属材料制作，这样，就不需要单独在导热元件上设置磁性金属元件，电磁铁通电状态下，导热元件能直接与电磁铁产生吸力，带动可伸缩部件伸缩或移动。
当然，本发明实施例的电池组件也可以不包括温控装置，比如可以直接设置手动 开关装置实现限位装置的状态切换。使用者可以根据外界环境的变化，或者电池的需要来通过手动开关切换温控装置的状态。
本发明实施例所述的电池组件可以应用到汽车中，作为汽车启动用电池组件，但是并不局限于仅仅用于汽车启动，也可以应用于其他的场合，比如可以应用到电动车、轮船或者飞机等多种场合。
所述上盖与下盖封闭形成密封腔体，所述密封腔体优选是真空密封腔体，腔体内真空有利于腔体内温度的保持，在需要时，可以隔绝内外部之间的热量交换。
优选地，所述限位装置，包括可伸缩部件，可伸缩部件在伸展或收缩时，导热元件在同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁和不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁的两种状态下转换，实现导热状态和非导热状态。限位装置还可以包括其他类型的部件，比如可移动部件或可转动部件，通过控制可移动部件或可转动部件的移动或转动，带动导热元件与密封腔体外部进行热量交换或停止进行热量交换，实现导热和非导热状态。限位装置可以全部设置在密封腔体内部，也可以部分设置在密封腔体外部。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件为电动马达带动伸缩的电动伸缩部件，可伸缩部件这样的设置可以节省布局，不需要其他的辅助部件就可以直接实现可伸缩部件的运动。结构简单，稳定性强。使得电动伸缩部件在伸展或收缩时，导热元件可以在同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁和不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁的两种状态下转换，实现导热状态和非导热状态，结构简单，稳定性强。比如，可以设置成温度低于预设阈值a时，温控装置正向导通，电动伸缩部件伸展；温度高于预设阈值a时，温控装置反向导通，电动伸缩部件收缩；也可以设成温度高于预设阈值a时，温控装置正向导通，电动伸缩部件伸展；温度低于预设阈值a时，温控装置反向导通，电动伸缩部件收缩，也可以设置成其他的方式。使得电动伸缩部件在伸展时，导热元件可以同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁，实现导热状态；电动伸缩部件在收缩时，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁，实现非导热状态。可伸缩部件这样的设置可以节省布局，不需要其他的辅助部件就可以直接实现可伸缩部件的运动。当然，也可以选用其他类型的可伸缩部件，比如带有导轨的往复运动机构，卷绕式的卷轴机构，等 等。
所述导热元件可以是一个整体的结构，这样的导热效果好，当然，导热元件还可以包括多个导热元件相互拼接使用，只要每个导热元件之间保持接触，就能实现导热效果。导热元件可以全部设置在密封腔体内部，也可以部分设置在密封腔体内部，有部分可以设置在密封腔体外部，比如可以将导热元件的一端露出密封腔体，暴露在外部，这样散热更快速，但是这样的情况下，。
导热元件和限位装置也可以一体成型，即，限位装置本身就可以导热，限位装置由导热材料制成，比如金属制成的弹片。
所述导热元件还可以包括有导热板，导热板优选是由硬质的导热材料制成。导热板与导热元件的端处相连接，便于导热元件与其他部件的接触和连接。导热元件可以直接环绕或部分环绕接触导热板外壁，增大接触面积，提高散热的效果，也可以直接将其端部固定到导热板上，比如通过粘接，压合等方式固定，也可以通过连接件与导热板连接。导热板可以是导热材料制成的散热板，优选是金属导热板。导热板可以整体都是导热材料制成，也可以是只是接触部分是导热材料，只要保证接触时，热量能顺利传导到相应的部件即满足要求。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件可以设置成弹性部件，所述弹性部件可以是压缩弹簧，所述压缩弹簧在伸展或压缩状态时，可以带动导热元件同时接触电池和上盖/下盖内壁。所述弹性部件还可以是弹片等具有弹性的元件，能在外力作用下发生形变，外力消失时恢复原形。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到上盖或下盖内壁上，另一端为伸缩端。同时将所述导热元件的一端连接上盖/下盖内壁上，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
优选地，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到电池外壁上，另一端为伸缩端。同时将所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
优选地，所述限位装置，还包括设置在密封腔体内的固定装置，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到固定装置上，可伸缩部件的另一端为伸缩端。所述导热元件的一端连接 电池外壁上，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。固定装置可以是固定板，也可以是固定架等。
当然，可伸缩部件和导热元件除了上述几种连接结构，还可以有其他的替代方式，比如，设置多个可伸缩部件，和多个导热元件，多个可伸缩部件和多个导热元件互相配合和组合，只要能实现导热状态时，其中的一个或多个可伸缩部件伸展或收缩，能带动一个或多个导热元件与电池外壁或上盖/下盖内壁接触，使得热量在电池和内壁之间进行传递；而非导热状态时，其中的一个或多个可伸缩部件伸展或收缩，带动一个或多个导热元件与电池外壁或上盖/下盖内壁不接触，使得热量不能在电池和内壁之间进行传递即可。
限位装置还可以包括辅助运动部件，可伸缩部件的伸展与收缩带动辅助运动部件的运动实现导热和非导热状态。所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁上，另一端与辅助运动部件的伸缩端连接。或者可移动部件的移动带动辅助运动部件的运动实现导热和非导热状态。这样设置结构更加灵活。
所述辅助运动部件可以包括：顶板，所述顶板与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接；导柱，可由可伸缩部件的伸展与收缩带动导柱运动；所述固定板上设置有可供导柱穿过的空间，所述导柱可以在可伸缩部件的带动下做轴向运动；所述导柱一端连接在顶板上，另一端连接导热元件；所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁上，另一端与导柱的伸缩端连接。可伸缩部件伸缩时，带动导柱运行，使得导柱带动导热元件完成导热和非导热状态，导热状态时，热量在电池和内壁之间进行传递；非导热状态时，热量不能在电池和内壁之间进行传递。导柱可以设置在可伸缩部件的内部，穿过可伸缩部件和固定板上的空间做轴向运动，也可以将导柱设置在可伸缩部件的侧部，穿过可伸缩部件和固定板上的空间做轴向运动。当然，辅助运动部件可以采用其他的结构，可伸缩部件和辅助运动部件也可以采用其他的结合结构实现。
可伸缩部件与顶板，固定装置、电池外壁、导热元件、导热板、或上盖/下盖内壁可以通过粘接，压合等方式，也可以通过连接件等方式连接；导热元件与导热板、可 伸缩部件、固定装置、电池外壁、或上盖/下盖内壁可以通过缠绕、粘接，压合等方式，也可以通过连接件等方式连接，只要保证接触时热量能顺利传导到相应的部件即满足要求。导柱与导热元、导热板、或顶柱可以通过粘接，压合等方式，也可以通过连接件等方式连接。
所述导热元件可以为柔性的片状，条状，线状导热件，其可以随着可伸缩部件实现伸展与收缩，柔性的导热元件可以是一个整体，也可以设置成一个或者多个片状，条状，线状的柔性导热元件；柔性导热元件可以是柔软的金属材料制成的，或者其他导热材料制成的片状，条状，线状的柔性导热元件，优选铜箔制成的导热片。选择柔性的导热件，是为了避免在导热件拉伸状态时产生比较大的应力，导致导热件的断裂。
所述导热元件与电池接触的一端环绕或部分环绕接触电池外壁，比如可以用铜箔片包裹整个电池外壁或者部分包裹电池外壁，这样与电池的接触面积大，导热效果好。当热，也可以直接用导热元件一端接触电池外壁，比如直接用铜箔片于电池外壁进行接触，也可以进行导热。同样，导热元件与导热板也可以用这种方式接触导热。
接线柱一端设置在密封腔体内部，并与电池电极相连，接线柱另一端穿过上盖，暴露在密封腔体外部，与外部极柱连接。接线柱与上盖包裹成型固定。所述电池电极与接线柱连接处可以设置导电隔热介质。导电隔热介质可以是导电橡胶，也可以是其他具有导电隔热性能的介质，目的是为了保证接线柱导电的同时，减少导电柱与外界的热量交换，有利于内部温度的恒定。
所述电池组件内部还可以设置一个隔热支架，隔热支架与电池组件的内壁接触部分是隔热材料制成的。所述电池可以设置在隔热支架上，所述用于连接可伸缩部件的一端的固定装置，可以与密封腔体内的隔热支架一体成型设置，也可以单独设置在密封腔体的内部，通过连接件等方式连接或固定在隔热支架上。固定装置和隔热支架优选由隔热材料制成。而且固定装置和隔热支架与内壁的接触面积越小越好，因为与内壁的接触面积越小，与内壁的热量交换也就越少，越有利于内部温度的恒定。
如图9所示，本发明实施例所述的电池组件的温控方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)封闭电池组件的上盖与下盖，将密封腔体内部抽成真空状态，设定低温阈
值a和/或高温阈值b；
(2)检测电池温度A和外部环境温度B，并与预设的温度阈值比较；
(3)根据第(2)步的比较结果，温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换，限位装置处于导热状态时，导热元件处于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；限位装置处于非导热状态时，导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置。
(4)重复步骤(2)(3)。
其中步骤(1)中的低温阈值a和/或高温阈值b可以根据电池的性能来设定，电池一般在一定的温度范围内可以发挥其最佳性能，我们可以根据这个温度范围，设定低温阈值a和/或高温阈值b；可以在电池组件组装制作完成时，就将密封腔体内部的电池温度设定在a<电池温度A<b。
其中，所述步骤(2)中所述的检测电池温度A和外部环境温度B通过温控装置设置在电池外壁或上盖/下盖内壁上的触头来检测电池的温度和外部环境温度。
其中，所述步骤(3)包括：导热状态时，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；非导热状态时，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
其中，步骤(1)中，根据实际情况设定低温阈值a和/或高温阈值b，比如可以根据电池组件内的组件正常工作的温度范围设定低温和高温阈值，或者设置仅设置一个低温阈值或只设置一个高温阈值。在初始状态，设定完低温阈值a和/或高温阈值b之后，电池组件的密封腔体的初始温度可以设定在高温阈值b和低温阈值a之间。这样有利于保持电池的性能在最佳状态。
具体地，根据本发明的一个实施例，所述步骤(3)包括：
当环境温度B≤低温温度阈值a时，如果B<电池温度A<b，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A≥高温温度阈值b或电池温度A≤环境温度B，进入步骤(3b)；
(3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
(3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池 外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
具体地，根据本发明的另一个实施例，所述步骤(3)包括：
当环境温度B>高温温度阈值b时，如果电池温度A>高温温度阈值b，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A<低温温度阈值b，进入步骤(3b)；
(3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
(3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
具体地，根据本发明的另一个实施例，所述步骤(3)包括：
当低温温度阈值a<初始环境温度B<高温温度阈值b时，如果电池温度A>环境温度B，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A<环境温度B，进入步骤(3b)；
(3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
(3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
除了上述几种情况外，还可以根据需要设置其他的比较规则，使得在电池或上盖/下盖检测到的温度与低温阈值和/或高温阈值相比较，根据预先设定的规则，温控装置控制限位装置使导热元件实现不同的状态。低温阈值和高温阈值可以根据实际情况选择不同的数值。
以下通过具体的实施例说明本发明技术方案的实现过程。
实施例1：
如图1所示，为电池组件的实施例一的示意图。所述上盖1与下盖2封闭成真空密封腔体，所述锂电池3固定设置在密封腔体内部的隔热支架5上。可伸缩部件为电动伸缩部件15，设置于固定板10上，电动伸缩部件15与锂电池3电连接(图中未示出)，依靠锂电池3为其供电。导热元件为导热片4，导热片4与锂电池3接触的一 端环绕或部分环绕接触锂电池3外壁，导热片4的可与下盖2内壁接触的一端设置有导热板7，伸缩臂16的一端与导热板7连接，所述伸展臂16处于伸展状态时，可以使得与其伸展臂16连接的导热板7接触下盖2内壁。电动伸缩部件15与温控电路连接(图上未示出)，温控电路的温度检测触头可以设置在电池3外壁，和下盖2内壁上，分别用于检测电池温度A和外部环境温度B。
首先对温控电路设定一个低温阈值，比如a＝0；高温阈值，比如b＝30。电池组件应用到汽车上，作为汽车启动用电池组件。汽车启动用电池组件在工厂内组装完毕时，首先封闭上盖1与下盖2，通过真空抽取口将密封腔体内部抽成真空状态，将其密封腔体内保持在正常温度的真空状态下，即0<电池温度A<30。当在户外使用时，温控电路检测到外部环境温度B≤0时，为低温环境下使用该汽车启动用电池组件，初始状态当0≤电池温度≤30时，温控电路反向导通，伸展臂16实现收缩，使得导热板7与下盖2内壁分离，由于封闭腔体内部空气为真空状态，电池3与下盖2内壁也不产生热量交换，封闭腔体内部的热量无法散发出去，温度就可以保持在一个固定的值，避免温度降低影响电池的性能；如果电池工作，产生热量使得电池温度升高。当检测到电池温度A>30时，温控电路正向导通，伸展臂16实现伸展，使得导热板7与下盖2内壁接触，电池的热量可以通过导热元件传递到外部。
该实施例中，还可以将导热片4分成多个的单独部分，通过电动伸缩部件15的伸缩运动，可以将多个导热片4拼接到一起，互相接触，实现导热和非导热状态。
实施例2：
如图2所示，为本发明实施例二的电池组件的主视图。
所述上盖1与下盖2封闭成真空密封腔体，所述锂电池3固定设置在密封腔体内部的隔热支架5上。接线柱11一端设置在密封腔体内部，并与锂电池3的电极相连，接线柱11另一端穿过上盖1，锂电池3与接线柱11连接处设置有导电橡胶14。还可以包括一个真空抽取口(图中未示出)，设置在上盖1与下盖2上，用于抽取腔体内部空气实现密封腔体内部真空状态。导热片4的可与下盖2内壁接触的一端设置有导热板7。所述导热片4，导热板7以及下盖2与导热板7的接触部位由金属材料，如铝 或者铜制成。本实施例中导热片4为柔软的铜箔片，导热片4与锂电池3接触的一端环绕或部分环绕接触锂电池3外壁，如图3所示，导热片4的长度大于其两端之间的长度，导热片4两端程松弛状态，便于拉伸。电磁铁9设置在导热板7的端部一侧，所述导热板7的端部在与电磁铁9相对应的部位设置有磁性金属片(图中未示出)。压缩弹簧8设置于密封腔体内部，一端设置于固定板10上，另一端与导热板7的连接，压缩弹簧8用于实现伸展状态时导热板与下盖2内壁接触进行热传导，收缩状态时导热板与下盖2内壁分离接触；温控开关6用于根据温度的变化控制压缩弹簧8的伸缩。温控开关的温度检测触头可以设置在电池外壁，和下盖内壁上，分别用于检测电池温度A和外部环境温度B。
首先对温控电路设定一个低温阈值a，比如a＝0；设定一个高温阈值b，比如b＝30。当汽车启动用电池组件在工厂内组装完毕时，首先封闭上盖1与下盖2，通过真空抽取口将密封腔体内部抽成真空状态，将其密封腔体内保持在正常温度的真空状态下，即0<电池温度A<30。当温控开关6检测到环境温度B≥30时，为在高温环境下使用。初始如果电池温度A<环境温度B，温控开关6导通，电磁铁9产生磁力，吸引设置在导热板7上相应位置的磁性金属片，压缩弹簧8牵引导热板7远离下盖2内壁，使得导热板7与下盖2内壁脱离接触，封闭腔体外部的热量无法进入内部，电池温度就可以保持在一个固定的值，避免温度升高影响电池的性能。当电池开始工作状态，产生热量，电池温度逐渐上升，温控开关6检测到电池温度A≥环境温度B时，温控开关6断开，电磁铁9磁力消失，压缩弹簧8带动导热板7顶住下盖2内壁，使得导热板7与下盖2内壁接触，锂电池3产生的热量可以通过与锂电池3连接的导热片4传递到下盖2内壁，再通过下盖2外壁散发到外部，实现热量的扩散，降低封闭腔体内部电池的温度。
实施例3
如图4所示，为本发明实施例三的示意图。实施例3与实施例2的区别在于，可以将导热片4一端直接与下盖2内壁连接，另一端通过导热板7和压缩弹簧8一端连 接，压缩弹簧8的另一端连接到下盖2的内壁上，电磁铁9设置在导热板7背对锂电池3的一侧，导热板7与电磁铁9相应位置设置有磁性金属片17。初始状态时，压缩弹簧8顶着导热板7与锂电池3接触。当电池温度A<环境温度B，温控开关6导通，电磁铁9产生与磁性金属片17之间的吸力，使得压缩弹簧8带动导热板7，导热板7带动导热片4向电磁铁9方向运动，导热板7远离电池，与锂电池3脱离接触，停止将锂电池3的热量通过下盖2内壁传导到外界。当电池温度A≥环境温度B时，温控开关6断开，电磁铁9不产生吸力，电磁铁9与磁性金属片之间无吸力，则使得压缩弹簧8在弹力作用下带动导热板7，导热板7带动导热片4顶住锂电池3，导热板7与锂电池3接触，将锂电池3的热量通过壳壁传导到外界。
实施例4
如图5所示，为本发明实施例四的示意图。实施例4与实施例2的区别在于，可以将导热片4两端分别与下盖2内壁和锂电池3外壁连接，导热片4断开，断开的两端分别与一个导热板7连接，每个压缩弹簧8都有一端连接导热板，另一端分别连接到下盖2的内壁或固定板10上，设置两个温控电路，每个温控电路连接一个电磁铁9，电磁铁9设置在每个导热板7的一侧，导热板7与电磁铁9相应位置设置有磁性金属片。正常状态时，每个压缩弹簧8各自顶着与其连接的导热板7，使得两个导热板7相互接触。当电池温度A<环境温度B时，两个温控电路都导通，电磁铁9产生与磁性金属片之间的吸力，使得压缩弹簧8带动导热板7，导热板7带动导热片4向电磁铁9方向运动，两个导热板7相互远离脱离接触，停止将电池的热量通过壳壁传导到外界。当电池温度A≥环境温度B时，两个温控电路断开，电磁铁9不产生吸力，电磁铁9与磁性金属片之间无吸力，则使得两个压缩弹簧8在弹力作用下带动各自的导热板7，导热板7带动导热片4相互接触，将电池的热量通过壳壁传导到外界。
这个实施例中，也可以将导热片分成更多个的单独部分，每一部分都设置相应的压缩弹簧，固定板，导热板，温控电路，和电磁铁等相关的部件，在温控电路的控制下，多个导热片可以拼接到一起，互相接触，实现整个导热和非导热状态。
实施例5：
如图6所示，为电池组件的实施例五的主视图，包括：上盖1，下盖2，锂电池3，导热片4，隔热支架5，温控开关6，导热板7，压缩弹簧8，电磁铁9，固定板10，接线柱11，导柱12，顶板13，导电橡胶14。
所述上盖1与下盖2封闭成真空密封腔体，所述锂电池3固定设置在密封腔体内部的隔热支架5上。接线柱11一端设置在密封腔体内部，并与锂电池3的电极相连，接线柱11另一端穿过上盖1，锂电池3与接线柱11连接处设置有导电橡胶14。还可以包括一个真空抽取口(图中未示出)，设置在上盖1与下盖2上，用于抽取腔体内部空气实现密封腔体内部真空状态。导热片4的可与下盖2内壁接触的一端设置有导热板7。所述导热片4，导热板7以及下盖2与导热板7的接触部位由金属材料，如铝或者铜制成。导热片4为柔软的铜箔片，导热片4与锂电池3接触的一端环绕或部分环绕接触锂电池3外壁，如图7所示，导热片4的长度大于其两端之间的长度，导热片4两端程松弛状态，便于拉伸。电磁铁9设置在顶板13的一侧，所述顶板13在与电磁铁9相对应的部位设置有磁性金属片(图中未示出)。压缩弹簧8设置于密封腔体内部，一端与固定板10连接上，另一端与顶板13连接，导柱12设置在压缩弹簧8内部，穿过压缩弹簧8，一端与顶板13连接，穿过固定板12，另一端与导热板7连接，导柱12可以在压缩弹簧8与固定板12内部沿导柱12轴向移动，固定板12上设置有可供导柱12穿过的孔。压缩弹簧8用于实现伸展状态时导热板与下盖2内壁接触进行热传导，收缩状态时导热板与下盖2内壁分离接触；温控开关6用于根据温度的变化控制压缩弹簧8的伸缩。原始状态时，压缩弹簧8不发生形变，导热板7与下盖2内壁不接触。
首先设定温控开关6的低温阈值a＝0，高温阈值b＝30。电池组件应用到汽车上，作为汽车启动用电池组件。当汽车启动用电池组件在工厂内组装完毕时，首先封闭上盖与下盖，通过真空抽取口将密封腔体内部抽成真空状态，将其密封腔体内保持在正常温度的真空状态下，即0<电池温度A<30。当温控开关6检测到0<环境温度B<30 时，为在正常环境下使用，初始状态温控开关6导通，电磁铁9产生磁力，吸引设置在固定板13上相应位置的磁性金属片，使得固定板13沿着导柱12径向发生位移，挤压压缩弹簧8，带动导柱12向下盖2内壁方向运动，与下盖2内壁接触，锂电池3产生的热量可以通过与锂电池3连接的导热片4传递到下盖2内壁，再散发到外部，实现热量的扩散，降低封闭腔体内部电池的温度。
当温控开关6检测到环境温度B≤0时，为低温环境下使用该汽车启动用电池组件，当检测到0≤电池温度≤30时，温控开关6断开，电磁铁9不产生磁力，压缩弹簧8处于原始状态，导热板7与下盖2内壁脱离接触，封闭腔体内部的热量无法散发出去，电池温度就可以保持在一个固定的值，避免温度降低影响电池的性能。如果电池工作，产生热量使得电池温度升高；当检测到电池温度A>30时，温控开关6导通，电磁铁9产生磁力，吸引设置在固定板13上相应位置的磁性金属片，使得固定板13沿着导柱12径向发生位移，挤压压缩弹簧8，带动导柱12向下盖2内壁方向运动，与下盖2内壁接触，锂电池3产生的热量可以通过与锂电池3连接的导热片4传递到下盖2内壁，再散发到外部，实现热量的扩散，降低封闭腔体内部电池的温度。
实施例6：
如图8所示，为本发明实施例六的示意图。实施例6与实施例5的区别在于：导热片4一端与下盖2连接。另一端与导热板7连接。压缩弹簧8用于实现伸展状态时导热板与锂电池3外壁接触进行热传导，收缩状态时导热板与锂电池3外壁分离接触；原始状态时，压缩弹簧8不发生形变，导热板7与锂电池3外壁不接触。
使用时，当温控开关6检测到0<环境温度B<30时，初始状态温控开关6导通，电磁铁9产生磁力，吸引设置在固定板13上相应位置的磁性金属片，使得固定板13沿着导柱12径向发生位移，挤压压缩弹簧8，带动导柱12向锂电池3外壁方向运动，与锂电池3外壁接触，锂电池3产生的热量可以通过与锂电池3连接的导热片4传递到下盖2内壁，再散发到外部，实现热量的扩散，降低封闭腔体内部电池的温度。
这个实施例中，也可以将导热片分成多个的单独部分，每一部分都可以设置相应 的压缩弹簧，固定板，导热板，导柱，顶板，温控电路，和电磁铁等相关的部件，在温控电路的控制下，多个导热片可以拼接到一起，互相接触，实现整个导热和非导热状态。
本发明实施例所述的电池可以是锂电池或者铅酸电池等电池。导热材料包括金属材料，硅胶材料等导热性能好的材料。金属材料包括，铜，铝等。磁性金属元件包括含铁钴镍的金属材料制成的元件。
本发明实施例所述的连接包括固定连接，也包括非固定式连接。
以上内容是结合优选技术方案对本发明所做的进一步详细说明，不能认定发明的具体实施仅限于这些说明。对本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出简单的推演及替换，都应该视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池组件，包括上盖、下盖、和电池，所述上盖与下盖封闭形成密封腔体；所述电池设置在密封腔体内部；
    其特征在于，还包括：
    导热元件，用于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换；
    限位装置，用来限定导热元件的位置，限位装置处于导热状态时，使导热元件处于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置，限位装置处于非导热状态时，使导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；
    所述上盖/下盖与导热元件的接触部位由导热材料制成。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池组件，其特征在于，还包括温控装置，用于根据环境温度的变化控制限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池组件，其特征在于，所述温控装置包括：温控开关，根据温度的变化，温控开关在导通或断开之间切换；以及电磁铁，设置在限位装置的一侧，可以根据温控开关的导通与断开产生磁力变化，所述导热元件/限位装置在与电磁铁相对应的部位设置有磁性金属元件。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电池组件，其特征在于，
    所述限位装置，包括可伸缩部件，可伸缩部件在伸展或收缩时，导热元件在同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁和不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁的两种状态下转换，实现导热状态和非导热状态。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池组件，其特征在于，所述可伸缩部件为电动马达带动伸缩的电动伸缩部件。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的电池组件，其特征在于，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到上盖或下盖内壁上，另一端为伸缩端。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电池组件，其特征在于，
    所述导热元件的一端连接上盖/下盖内壁上，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的电池组件，其特征在于，所述可伸缩部件的一端到电池外壁上，另一端为伸缩端。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池组件，其特征在于，
    所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的电池组件，其特征在于，所述限位装置，还包括设置在密封腔体内的固定装置，所述可伸缩部件的一端连接到固定装置上，可伸缩部件的另一端为伸缩端。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池组件，其特征在于，
    所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁上，另一端与可伸缩部件的伸缩端连接。
  12. 如权利要求4所述的电池组件，其特征在于，限位装置还包括辅助运动部件，可伸缩部件的伸展与收缩带动辅助运动部件的运动实现导热和非导热状态。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电池组件，其特征在于，
    所述导热元件的一端连接电池外壁上，另一端与辅助运动部件的伸缩端连接。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的电池组件，其特征在于，还包括导热板，导热板与导热元件的端处相连接。
  15. 一种汽车，包括如权利要求1-14中任意一项所述的电池组件。
  16. 如权利要求1所述的电池组件的温控方法，包括以下步骤：
    (1)封闭电池组件的上盖与下盖，将密封腔体内部抽成真空状态，设定低温阈值a和/或高温阈值b；
    (2)检测电池温度A和外部环境温度B，并与预设的温度阈值比较；
    (3)根据第(2)步的比较结果，温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置在导热和非导热两种状态之间进行切换，限位装置处于导热状态时，导热元件处于与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置；限位装置处于非导热状态时，导热元件处于不能与密封腔体外部进行热量交换的位置。
    (4)重复步骤(2)(3)。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于所述步骤(3)包括：导热状态时，导 热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；非导热状态时，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于所述步骤(3)包括：
    当环境温度B≤低温温度阈值a时，如果B<电池温度A<b，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A≥高温温度阈值b或电池温度A≤环境温度B，进入步骤(3b)；
    (3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
    (3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于所述步骤(3)包括：
    当环境温度B≥高温温度阈值b时，如果电池温度A<环境温度B，进入步骤(3a)；如果电池温度A≥环境温度B，进入步骤(3b)；
    (3a)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于非导热状态，导热元件不能同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁；
    (3b)温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
  20. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于所述步骤(3)包括：
    当低温温度阈值a<环境温度B<高温温度阈值b时，温控装置控制限位装置，使限位装置处于导热状态，导热元件同时接触电池外壁和上盖/下盖内壁。
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CN108258365A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2018-07-06 浙江大学 随环境温度自动调节换热高度的动力电池包及温控方法
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CN112234321A (zh) * 2020-10-21 2021-01-15 张晓磊 一种久置防漏型安全电池
CN112512280A (zh) * 2020-12-14 2021-03-16 嘉兴众合信息技术有限公司 一种加强使用稳定性的网络科技用智能制造服务器
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CN113794000A (zh) * 2021-08-29 2021-12-14 西北工业大学 一种水下航行器散热电池架
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CN115513697A (zh) * 2022-11-08 2022-12-23 惠州市超力源科技有限公司 接线柱组件及控制器
CN116315502A (zh) * 2023-05-11 2023-06-23 深圳市华杰动力科技有限公司 一种充电状态下的锂电池温控模组
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CN109378429A (zh) * 2018-10-20 2019-02-22 武汉惠强新能源材料科技有限公司 电池隔膜生产线的温度控制装置
CN109378429B (zh) * 2018-10-20 2023-10-13 武汉惠强新能源材料科技有限公司 电池隔膜生产线的温度控制装置
CN109633955A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-04-16 重庆天胜科技有限公司 一种具有边缘自动恢复功能的液晶屏
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CN111883709A (zh) * 2020-08-06 2020-11-03 万志鹏 一种便于更换的新能源汽车电池
CN111883709B (zh) * 2020-08-06 2022-06-03 长治凌燕机械厂 一种便于更换的新能源汽车电池
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CN113794000A (zh) * 2021-08-29 2021-12-14 西北工业大学 一种水下航行器散热电池架
CN114069069B (zh) * 2021-11-16 2023-12-01 江西深超能源科技有限公司 一种具有温度显示结构的锂电池
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