WO2016189900A1 - はんだ合金、はんだボール、チップソルダ、はんだペースト及びはんだ継手 - Google Patents
はんだ合金、はんだボール、チップソルダ、はんだペースト及びはんだ継手 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016189900A1 WO2016189900A1 PCT/JP2016/054345 JP2016054345W WO2016189900A1 WO 2016189900 A1 WO2016189900 A1 WO 2016189900A1 JP 2016054345 W JP2016054345 W JP 2016054345W WO 2016189900 A1 WO2016189900 A1 WO 2016189900A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solder
- mass
- solder alloy
- oxide
- discoloration
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
- C22C13/02—Alloys based on tin with antimony or bismuth as the next major constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/34—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by soldering
- H05K3/3457—Solder materials or compositions; Methods of application thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solder alloy in which discoloration is suppressed and a decrease in wettability is suppressed, and a solder ball, a chip solder, a solder paste, and a solder joint using the solder alloy.
- the solder used for joining the electronic component to the printed circuit board is generally composed mainly of Sn. Therefore, depending on the storage condition before use, Sn and O 2 in the air react with the solder surface to cause Sn. An oxide film made of oxide is formed. This tendency, when stored in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, tends to increase the thickness of the oxide film formed on the surface, which may cause the surface to lose gloss and cause yellow discoloration. is there. If an oxide film remains on the solder surface, it becomes difficult to remove with a flux at the time of soldering, and the wettability is deteriorated. As a result, the fusion property is deteriorated, which causes a soldering failure.
- BGA ball grid array
- An electronic component to which BGA is applied includes, for example, a semiconductor package.
- Solder bumps are formed on the electrodes of the semiconductor package.
- the solder bump is formed by joining a solder ball having a spherical solder alloy to an electrode of a semiconductor package.
- each solder bump is placed in alignment with the electrode of the substrate to which the solder paste is applied, and the solder paste melted by heating is joined to the solder bump and the electrode of the substrate.
- the semiconductor package is mounted on the substrate.
- solder ball containing Sn as a main component As described above, Sn and O 2 in the air react on the ball surface to form an oxide film of Sn oxide.
- an oxide film is formed on the surface of the solder ball, a phenomenon occurs in which the solder ball loses its gloss or turns yellow.
- the discoloration of the solder ball surface may be used. If the discoloration of the solder ball surface cannot be suppressed, the possibility that the solder ball is not suitable for use increases.
- flux is generally used during bonding to remove the oxide film generated during storage, etc., but if the oxide film is not sufficiently removed and remains on the surface of the solder balls, the wettability deteriorates, resulting in fusion properties. Becomes worse. As a result of poor fusion, it causes soldering failure as a phenomenon.
- Patent Document 1 In order to solve this problem, it is generally performed to add Ge to a solder alloy mainly composed of Sn (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a solder alloy containing Sn, Ag, and Cu is made of Ge, Ni, P, Mn, Au, Pd, Pt, S, Bi, Sb, and In.
- a technique of adding one or more kinds in a total amount of 0.006 to 0.1% by mass is disclosed, and Ge improves oxidation resistance, and Ni, P, Mn, Au, Pd, Pt, S, Bi, Sb, and In are disclosed to have an effect of lowering the melting point and an effect of increasing the bonding strength.
- a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component Li, Na, K, Ca, Be, Mg, Sc, Y, lanthanoid, Ti, Zr, Hf
- a technique has been proposed in which one or more selected from Nb, Ta, Mo, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Si, and Mn are added in a total of 1 mass ppm to 0.1 mass%. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 As described in Patent Document 1, it is considered that when Ge is added to a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component, discoloration of the solder surface can be suppressed under a high temperature environment. However, the addition of Ge cannot suppress discoloration of the solder surface in a high temperature and high humidity environment. In addition, since the wettability of a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component and Mn added is reduced, Patent Document 1 also does not describe the respective addition amounts when Ge and Mn are added in combination. And simultaneous addition of Mn are not assumed.
- Patent Document 2 when Mn is added to a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component, the optical characteristics of the oxide film surface change, and even if the surface is oxidized to the same thickness, the color tone changes and yellowing occurs. There is a description that it does not lead to. However, in a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component and Mn added, discoloration in a high temperature environment and a high temperature and high humidity environment cannot be suppressed, and the wettability also decreases.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are specific elements (Ge, Mn) that have the effect of suppressing discoloration and suppressing reduction in wettability among the disclosed elements. ) Is not described, and such an effect cannot be obtained particularly in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and is a solder alloy in which discoloration is suppressed and a decrease in wettability is suppressed, a solder ball, a chip solder, a solder paste, and a solder using the solder alloy.
- the object is to provide a joint.
- Mn is easier to form an oxide than Sn, and it is found that the formation of Mn oxide can suppress the growth of oxide film due to the aging of Sn oxide, and that Ge oxide has an effect of preventing discoloration. It is a thing.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a solder alloy containing Mn in an amount of 0.005 mass% to 0.1 mass%, Ge in a content of 0.001 mass% to 0.1 mass%, and the balance being Sn. It is.
- the invention described in claim 2 is an invention that cites the invention described in claim 1, and is a solder alloy in which the amount of Mn is equal to or less than the amount of Ge.
- the invention according to claim 3 is an invention that cites the invention according to claim 1 or 2, and further includes a solder alloy containing 0% by mass to 4% by mass of Ag and more than 0% by mass and 1% by mass of Cu. It is.
- the invention described in claim 4 is an invention quoting the invention described in claim 3, and is a solder alloy containing Ag in an amount of more than 0% by mass to 4% by mass and Cu in an amount of more than 0% by mass to 1% by mass.
- the invention according to claim 5 is an invention that cites the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of P and Ga in a total amount of 0.002. It is a solder alloy containing at least 0.1% by mass.
- the invention according to claim 6 is an invention that cites the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe in total of 0. A solder alloy containing 0.005 mass% or more and 0.3 mass% or less.
- the invention described in claim 7 is an invention that cites the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 6, and further includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Bi and In in a total of 0.1. It is a solder alloy containing at least 10% by mass.
- the invention according to claim 9 is a chip solder obtained by using the solder alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
- the invention according to claim 10 is a solder paste obtained by using the solder alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
- the invention according to an eleventh aspect is a solder joint obtained by using the solder alloy according to any one of the first to seventh aspects.
- the invention according to claim 12 is a solder joint obtained by using the solder ball according to claim 8.
- the invention according to claim 13 is a solder joint obtained by using the chip solder according to claim 9.
- the invention according to claim 14 is a solder joint obtained by using the solder paste according to claim 10.
- a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component Sn is added in an amount of 0.005% by mass to 0.1% by mass and Ge is added in an amount of 0.001% by mass to 0.1% by mass.
- Sn is added in an amount of 0.005% by mass to 0.1% by mass
- Ge is added in an amount of 0.001% by mass to 0.1% by mass.
- oxide films containing oxides, Mn oxides and Ge oxides Ge oxides are often distributed on the outermost surface side of the oxide film, and an effect of preventing discoloration can be obtained even in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- generation of Sn oxide is suppressed by adding Mn, the increase in an oxide film thickness is suppressed and fusion property can be improved.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing an oxide distribution in a Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy containing Mn and Ge. It is a block diagram which shows the example of application of the solder alloy of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the other example of application of the solder alloy of this invention.
- Sn oxide SnO x
- SnO x Sn oxide
- the solder alloy containing Sn as the main component and adding Ge can suppress discoloration in a high temperature environment due to the discoloration prevention effect of Ge oxide (GeO z ), but suppresses discoloration in a high temperature and high humidity environment. It cannot be done, and the fusion is worse.
- Mn oxide is more easily generated than Sn oxide because of the standard free energy of formation of oxide. For this reason, in the solder alloy which has Sn as a main component and added Mn, the production
- the reaction between Sn and O 2 is suppressed, and the amount that can suppress the formation and growth of Sn oxides is 0.005% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less.
- Ge was added in an amount of 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less as an amount by which Ge oxide can remain on the outermost surface side of the oxide film.
- the Mn oxide (Mn a O y ) suppresses the growth of the Sn oxide and has the effect of preventing discoloration.
- a certain Ge oxide (GeO z ) remains on the outermost surface side.
- the additive element can be arbitrarily selected according to the purpose of use. For example, in order to suppress the so-called Cu erosion that Cu melts into the solder alloy when the bonding target contains Cu, Cu may be added in an amount of more than 0% by mass and 1% by mass or less. Furthermore, Ag may be added in an amount of more than 0% by mass and 4% by mass or less in order to improve temperature cycle characteristics. Since Ag forms a precipitation dispersion strengthened alloy by precipitating a network compound of an intermetallic compound of Ag3Sn in the solder matrix, it has an effect of further improving the temperature cycle characteristics. In addition, when adding Cu in more than 0 mass% and 1 mass% or less, Ag does not need to be added. In addition, when Cu is added in an amount of more than 0% by mass to 1% by mass or less, Ag may be added in an amount of more than 0% by mass to 4% by mass or less.
- These elements have the effect of improving wettability.
- the total content of these elements is more preferably 0.003 to 0.01%.
- the content of each element is not particularly limited, but the P content is preferably 0.002 to 0.005%, and the Ga content is preferably 0.002 to 0.02%. It is.
- (B) A total of 0.005 to 0.3% of at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Fe.
- These elements suppress the diffusion of the components of the plating layer applied to the semiconductor element and the external substrate during soldering into the solder alloy. Therefore, these elements have an effect of maintaining the structure of the solder alloy constituting the solder joint and reducing the film thickness of the intermetallic compound layer formed at the joint interface. Therefore, these elements can increase the joint strength of the solder joint.
- the total content of these elements is more preferably 0.01 to 0.05%.
- the content of each element is not particularly limited, but the Ni content is preferably 0.02 to 0.07%, and the Co content is preferably 0.02 to 0.04%.
- the Fe content is preferably 0.005 to 0.02%.
- Ni is a preferable element as an element exhibiting the above-described effects.
- These elements are expected to improve the solder strength by addition and to ensure the reliability of the joint.
- the total content of these elements is more preferably 0.5 to 5.0%, particularly preferably 0.8 to 4.5%.
- the content of each element is not particularly limited, but the Bi content is preferably 0.5 to 5.0%, and the In content is preferably 0.2 to 5.0%. It is.
- solder alloy containing Sn as a main component a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component
- a Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy will be described as an example.
- Sn—Ag—Cu solder alloy containing Mn and Ge (Example) In an Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy containing Mn and Ge, in the initial state of oxide formation, O 2 in the air reacts with Sn, Mn, and Ge in the solder alloy to cause the surface of the solder alloy to react. An oxide film made of Sn oxide (SnO x ), Mn oxide (Mn a O y ), and Ge oxide (GeO z ) is generated.
- solder alloy having the oxide film formed in the initial state as described above When the solder alloy having the oxide film formed in the initial state as described above is placed under a high temperature and high humidity where H 2 O or O 2 is present in a predetermined amount or more, Sn oxidation formed on the outermost surface side of the solder alloy is performed. It is considered that a part of the oxide film of the material and Mn oxide and Ge oxide is destroyed by H 2 O having high energy.
- the Sn oxide on the outermost surface side of the oxide film decreases, and the Ge oxide is unevenly distributed on the outermost surface side of the oxide film.
- the formation of Sn oxide is suppressed, and the Ge oxide is unevenly distributed on the outermost surface side of the oxide film.
- the discoloration prevention effect can suppress discoloration.
- the Sn oxide becomes a cause of discoloration.
- Mn oxide does not have a discoloration prevention effect, and in a Sn—Ag—Cu based solder alloy that contains Mn but does not contain Ge, Mn oxide is discolored in the same manner as Sn oxide, thereby suppressing discoloration. I can't.
- sample A plate material was prepared by casting and rolling the prepared solder alloy. The plate material was punched into small pieces (2 mm (vertical) ⁇ 2 mm (horizontal) ⁇ 0.1 mm (thickness)) to prepare a sample.
- the ratio of the addition amount is equal to Mn and Ge, and any or all of P, Ga, Ni, Co, Fe, Bi, and In are added. The discoloration was not observed at all even in the high temperature and high humidity environment or in the high temperature leaving environment.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which Mn and Ge were not added, discoloration was observed both in a high temperature and high humidity environment and in a high temperature standing environment.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 7 in which Mn was added but no Ge was added, discoloration was observed both in a high temperature and high humidity environment and in a high temperature standing environment.
- Comparative Examples 8, 10, and 12 in which Ge was added and Mn was not added, discoloration was suppressed when left at high temperature by increasing the addition amount of Ge, but discoloration was observed in a high temperature and high humidity environment.
- Comparative Examples 9, 11, and 13 to 18 to which Mn and Ge were added even when either Mn or Ge or both were excessively added outside the scope of the present invention, a slight gloss change was confirmed in Comparative Example 9. However, in Comparative Examples 11 and 13 to 18, no discoloration was observed at all in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment or in a high-temperature storage environment.
- FIG. 1 shows a distribution of main elements when Sn is a main component and Mn and Ge are included.
- the vertical axis indicates the content and the horizontal axis indicates the depth from the outermost surface where the elements are distributed. Other contained elements such as oxygen and carbon are not shown.
- Example 1 containing Sn as a main component and containing Mn and Ge, it can be seen that Ge oxide is distributed in a range of about 10 nm from the outermost surface of the oxide film, and the Ge oxide is on the outermost surface side of the oxide film. It can be seen that there are many distributions. It can also be seen that Mn is distributed substantially uniformly from the outermost surface. On the other hand, it can be seen that Sn on the outermost surface is reduced. In the case of Examples 2 to 31 in which the addition amounts of Mn and Ge are changed, the same distribution is shown.
- the discoloration is suppressed by the large amount of Ge oxide having an effect of preventing discoloration being distributed on the outermost surface side.
- the Mn oxide is distributed almost uniformly in the thickness direction of the oxide film, the generation of Sn oxide is suppressed.
- the fusion properties were verified for the solder alloys of the examples and comparative examples in which the effect of preventing discoloration in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment and the high-temperature standing environment shown in Tables 1 and 2 was verified.
- the verification method is to cast and roll a solder alloy prepared with the composition of each example and comparative example, and punch it out to form small pieces (2 mm (length) x 2 mm (width) x 0.1 mm (thickness)) )created. This small piece is formed into a plate of a predetermined size, placed on a Cu plate that has been subjected to a flux-coated OSP (Organic Solderability Preservation) treatment, reflowed, and then cleaned the surface.
- OSP Organic Solderability Preservation
- a temperature of 125 ° C. and a humidity of 100% RH for 24 hours, and a solder alloy (Sn-3.0Ag-0) containing 3.0% by mass of Ag, 0.5% by mass of Cu, and the balance of Sn. .5 Cu) was placed in an environment of a temperature of 125 ° C. and a humidity of 100% RH for 24 hours in the same manner as the small piece member.
- the number of solder balls is set to 9 and 5 pieces are used for each sample. After reflowing, the number of unfused solder balls was counted to calculate the unsatisfactory fusion rate, which means that the Cu plate and solder balls are not joined.
- Comparative Examples 9, 11, and 13 to 18 to which Mn and Ge were added in the case of Comparative Examples 9, 11, and 13 in which Mn was excessively added outside the scope of the present invention, the fusion failure occurrence rate was 0. .
- Comparative Examples 14 to 18 in which Ge or both Ge and Mn were excessively added outside the scope of the present invention poor fusion occurred.
- the wettability was verified for the solder alloys of the examples and comparative examples in which the effect of preventing discoloration in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment and the high-temperature standing environment shown in Tables 1 and 2 was verified.
- the verification method is to cast and roll a solder alloy prepared with the composition of each example and comparative example, and punch it out to form small pieces (2 mm (length) x 2 mm (width) x 0.1 mm (thickness)) )created. This piece was placed in an environment of temperature 125 ° C. and humidity 100% RH for 24 hours.
- the solder alloy which has Sn as a main component and added the above-mentioned predetermined amounts of Mn and Ge, Mn and O 2 react to suppress the reaction of Sn and O 2 and suppress the growth of Sn oxide. Therefore, it was found that an increase in the oxide film thickness can be suppressed. By suppressing the increase in the oxide film thickness, the oxide can be sufficiently removed by the flux during soldering, and the fusion property is improved.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an application example of the solder alloy of the present invention.
- a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component, Mn added in an amount of 0.005% to 0.1% by mass, and Ge in an amount of 0.001% to 0.1% by mass may be a spherical solder ball 10.
- the diameter of the solder ball 10 is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m. Within this range, spherical solder balls can be stably manufactured, and connection short-circuiting when the terminals are at a narrow pitch can be suppressed.
- the diameter of the solder balls is about 1 to 50 ⁇ m, the aggregate of “solder balls” may be referred to as “solder powder”.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing another application example of the solder alloy of the present invention.
- a solder alloy containing Sn as a main component, Mn added in an amount of 0.005% to 0.1% by mass, and Ge in an amount of 0.001% to 0.1% by mass may be used as the chip solder 11.
- the chip solder 11 is configured in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, for example.
- solder alloy in which Sn is a main component, Mn is added in an amount of 0.005 mass% to 0.1 mass%, and Ge is added in an amount of 0.001 mass% to 0.1 mass% is predetermined.
- a solder paste mixed with a flux is predetermined.
- solder alloy, solder ball, chip solder, and solder paste according to the present invention become a solder joint used and formed for joining a semiconductor chip and joining an electronic component and a printed board.
- the nucleus used in the present invention, the material used for the coating layer, and the ⁇ dose of the present invention may be 0.0200 cph / cm 2 or less.
- the ⁇ dose is 0.0200 cph / cm 2 or less, a soft error of the electronic device can be prevented.
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Abstract
Description
これらの元素は濡れ性を改善する効果がある。これらの元素の含有量の合計は、より好ましくは0.003~0.01%である。各々の元素の含有量については特に限定されるものではないが、Pの含有量は好ましくは0.002~0.005%であり、Gaの含有量は好ましくは0.002~0.02%である。
これらの元素は、はんだ付け時に半導体素子や外部基板に施されためっき層の成分がはんだ合金中へ拡散することを抑制する。このため、これらの元素ははんだ継手を構成するはんだ合金の組織を維持し、また、接合界面に形成される金属間化合物層の膜厚を薄くする効果を有する。したがって、これらの元素ははんだ継手の接合強度が高めることができる。これらの元素の含有量の合計は、より好ましくは0.01~0.05%である。各々の元素の含有量については特に限定されるものではないが、Niの含有量は好ましくは0.02~0.07%であり、Coの含有量は好ましくは0.02~0.04%であり、Feの含有量は好ましくは0.005~0.02%である。これらの元素の中で、特にNiは前述のような効果を発揮する元素として好ましい元素である。
これらの元素は、添加によりはんだ強度を向上させ、接合部の信頼性確保に期待される。これらの元素の含有量の合計は、より好ましくは0.5~5.0%であり、特に好ましくは0.8~4.5%である。各々の元素の含有量については特に限定されるものではないが、Biの含有量は好ましくは0.5~5.0%であり、Inの含有量は好ましくは0.2~5.0%である。
MnとGeを含むSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ合金では、酸化物生成の初期状態においては、空気中のO2とはんだ合金中のSn、Mn及びGeが反応して、はんだ合金の表面にSn酸化物(SnOX)とMn酸化物(MnaOy)及びGe酸化物(GeOz)による酸化膜が生成される。
MnとGeを含まないSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ合金では、酸化物生成の初期状態においては、空気中のO2とはんだ合金中のSnが反応して、はんだ合金の表面にSn酸化物(SnOX)による酸化膜が生成される。
Mnを含みGeを含まないSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ合金では、酸化物生成の初期状態においては、空気中のO2とはんだ合金中のSn及びMnが反応して、はんだ合金の表面にSn酸化物(SnOX)とMn酸化物(MnaOy)による酸化膜が生成される。
Geを含みMnを含まないSn-Ag-Cu系のはんだ合金では、酸化物生成の初期状態においては、空気中のO2とはんだ合金中のSn及びGeが反応して、はんだ合金の表面にSn酸化物(SnOX)とGe酸化物(GeOz)による酸化膜が生成される。
以下の表1、表2に示す組成で実施例と比較例のはんだ合金を調合し、変色防止効果について検証した。なお、表1、表2における組成率は質量%である。
調合したはんだ合金を鋳造、圧延して板材を作成した。この板材を小片状(2mm(縦)×2mm(横)×0.1mm(厚み))に打ち抜きして試料を作成した。
以上のように作成された実施例及び比較例の各試料を高温環境及び高温高湿環境に保管して、変色の有無を確認した。保管条件は、高温高湿環境では、温度125℃、湿度100%RHで試料を24時間置いた。高温放置では、温度150℃で試料を7日間放置した。変色の確認は、KEYENCE製DESITAL MICROSCOPE VHX-500Fを使用して行った。確認の結果、変色が全く見られなかったものを◎、若干の光沢の変化が確認されたものを○、やや変色が見られたものを△、変色したものを×と評価した。
次に、上述した表1に示す高温高湿環境及び高温放置環境での変色防止効果を検証した実施例のはんだ合金について、酸化膜中でのSn酸化物、Mn酸化物及びGe酸化物の分布について検証した。
上述した表1、表2に示す高温高湿環境及び高温放置環境での変色防止効果を検証した各実施例と比較例のはんだ合金について、融合性を検証した。検証方法は、各実施例及び比較例の組成で調合したはんだ合金を鋳造、圧延したものを、打ち抜きして小片状の部材(2mm(縦)×2mm(横)×0.1mm(厚み))を作成した。この小片を所定の大きさの板状に成形し、フラックスを塗布したOSP(水溶性プリフラックス(Organic Solderability Presevation)処理が施されたCu板上に置き、リフローを行った後、表面を洗浄し、温度125℃、湿度100%RHの環境に24時間置いた。さらに、Agが3.0質量%、Cuが0,5質量%、残部がSnからなるはんだ合金(Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu)を用いて作製したはんだボール(本例の場合、直径300μm)を、小片部材と同様に温度125℃、湿度100%RHの環境に24時間置いた。次に、実施例あるいは比較例のはんだ合金からなる試料上にフラックスを塗布し、はんだボールを所定個数置いた。本例では、はんだボールの数は9個とし、それぞれ5枚用意した。そして、リフローを行った後、未融合のはんだボールの数を計数して、融合不良発生率を算出した。未融合とは、Cu板とはんだボールが接合されていない状態をいう。
上述した表1、表2に示す高温高湿環境及び高温放置環境での変色防止効果を検証した各実施例と比較例のはんだ合金について、濡れ性を検証した。検証方法は、各実施例及び比較例の組成で調合したはんだ合金を鋳造、圧延したものを、打ち抜きして小片状の部材(2mm(縦)×2mm(横)×0.1mm(厚み))を作成した。この小片を温度125℃、湿度100%RHの環境に24時間置いた。次に、OSP処理されたCu板と、Cu板にNiめっきし、このNiめっきにさらにAuめっきしたNi/Auめっき板の各板の上にフラックスを塗布し、高温高湿処理した小片を載せリフローを行った。はんだ合金の濡れ広がった面積を測定し、OSP処理されたCu板では5.0mm2、Ni/Auめっき板では11.0mm2以上に広がったものを合格とした。
図2は、本発明のはんだ合金の適用例を示す構成図である。Snを主成分とし、Mnを0.005質量%以上0.1質量%以下、Geを0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下で添加したはんだ合金は、球状のはんだボール10としても良い。はんだボール10の直径は、1~1000μmであることが好ましい。この範囲にあると、球状のはんだボールを安定して製造でき、また、端子間が狭ピッチである場合の接続短絡を抑制することができる。ここで、はんだボールの直径が1~50μm程度である場合、「はんだボール」の集合体は「はんだパウダ」と称されてもよい。
Claims (14)
- Mnを0.005質量%以上0.1質量%以下、Geを0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下で含み、残部をSnとした
ことを特徴とするはんだ合金。 - Mnの量をGeの量以下とした
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のはんだ合金。 - 更に、Agを0質量%以上4質量%以下、Cuを0質量%超1質量%以下で含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のはんだ合金。 - Agを0質量%超4質量%以下、Cuを0質量%超1質量%以下で含む
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のはんだ合金。 - 更に、P、Gaからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を合計で0.002質量%以上0.1質量%以下で含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金。 - 更に、Ni、Co、Feからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を合計で0.005質量%以上0.3質量%以下で含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金。 - 更に、Bi、Inからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を合計で0.1質量%以上10質量%以下で含む
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金を使用した
ことを特徴とするはんだボール。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金を使用した
ことを特徴とするチップソルダ。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金を使用した
ことを特徴とするはんだペースト。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のはんだ合金を使用した
ことを特徴とするはんだ継手。 - 請求項8に記載のはんだボールを使用した
ことを特徴とするはんだ継手。 - 請求項9に記載のチップソルダを使用した
ことを特徴とするはんだ継手。 - 請求項10に記載のはんだペーストを使用した
ことを特徴とするはんだ継手。
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