WO2016184926A1 - Procédé de construction de paliers - Google Patents

Procédé de construction de paliers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016184926A1
WO2016184926A1 PCT/EP2016/061164 EP2016061164W WO2016184926A1 WO 2016184926 A1 WO2016184926 A1 WO 2016184926A1 EP 2016061164 W EP2016061164 W EP 2016061164W WO 2016184926 A1 WO2016184926 A1 WO 2016184926A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
iron
ceq
bearing
elements
based alloy
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PCT/EP2016/061164
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English (en)
Inventor
Valls Anglés ISAAC
Original Assignee
Rovalma, S.A.
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Publication date
Application filed by Rovalma, S.A. filed Critical Rovalma, S.A.
Publication of WO2016184926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016184926A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method to manufacture cost effective high performance bearings having load bearing elements. Through the proper selection of the materials for the bearing components, and in particular for the runways, a bearing capable of sustaining higher loads is achieved. Moreover the bearings of the present invention are not difficult ⁇ to recycle. State of the art
  • the denomination“rotating elements” will be used for the Rolling elements usually balls or cylinders, but could be any other kind of rollers. They are elements which are present in a number greater than 3 and as the name indicates rotate to ⁇ have a rolling contact instead of a purely sliding one.
  • the denomination“runways” will be used for the races also named raceways or inner and outer rings which are the elements against whom the rotating elements roll.
  • the term“load bearing elements” will be used when referring to both the“rotating elements” and the“runways”. So in principle one would wish to have a material with very high wear resistance, very ⁇ high mechanical resistance and very high fracture toughness to avoid the hertzian contact stress fatigue pitting, the breakage and the wear. If the bearing works in an aggressive environment also good resistance against the particular environment would be desirable. Obviously those properties are of interest in the whole temperature working range of the bearing.
  • the problem is that finding a material with such combination of properties is quite difficult. Especially the combination of high wear resistance and high mechanical resistance with high fracture toughness.
  • the materials used for the load bearing elements of high performance bearings include steels, ceramics and metal matrix composites, mainly. Ceramics can present very high wear resistance and even mechanical strength (at least under compression) and this at elevated temperatures, but they have very low fracture toughness. On top ceramic runways are costly to manufacture ⁇ and difficult to recycle. Steels on the contrary can present much higher fracture toughness, but they have much more limited wear resistance and even mechanical strength at high temperatures. Steels are often much more cost effective to manufacture and easy to recycle. Metal matrix composites can achieve a better compromise of the properties, but they are costly to produce and difficult to recycle.
  • WO2014/131907A1 describes a heat treatment which plays a capital role to get the desired mechanical properties for known steels previously described in WO2012095532A1 and WO2010112319A1. These steels are heat treated to obtain a final microstructure consistinting on a pure or mainly or a lower bainite microestructure, which reduces the risk of crack for using in hot work tools steels.
  • Several developments have been made from the design point of view, to increase the load capacity, to reduce friction and others.
  • Usage of remelting practices for the purifying of beaing materials is a common practice. The probably better known technologies are VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelting) and ESR (Electro Slag Remelting). In both inclusion and/or detrimental gases are gradually taken out of the melt.
  • VAR Vauum Arc Remelting
  • ESR Electro Slag Remelting
  • the present invention relates to a bearing and/or breaking disk, wherein at least a part of the load bearing elements of the bearing and/or at least part of the breaking disk contains an iron-based alloy of the following chemical composition, all percentages being indicated in weight percent:
  • the method further comprises the step of applying a case hardening treatment.
  • the method further comprises the step of applying compressive residual stresses at least locally to some of the active surfaces of the load bearing elements and/or breaking disk.
  • the term“load bearing elements” is referred to both the“rotating elements” and the“runways”.
  • the term“rotating elements” is referred to the Rolling elements usually balls or cylinders, but could be any other kind of rollers. They are elements which are present in a number greater than 3 and as the name indicates rotate to have a rolling contact instead of a purely sliding one.
  • raceways is referred to the races also named raceways or inner and outer rings which are the elements against whom the rotating elements roll. It is well known that to resist temperature and provide good wear resistance in steels high alloying is desirable, but to have good resistance against herzian contact fatigue the lower the alloying the better, as long as the desired hardness is achieved. It also has to be taken into account that high performance bearings are often expected to have a shorter life when it comes to herzian contact fatigue, but the main challenge is to withstand the other failure mechanisms, like wear and mechanical property drop due to temperature.
  • the inventor has seen that tendentially in most existing high performance bearing designs, the herzian contact fatigue solicitation is quite higher on the rotating elements than it is in the runways and thus a good strategy is to use higher alloying for the runways than for the rotating elements.
  • An alternative way to approach the issue is by using a material for the runways which has good mechanical strength and wear resistance even when high rotation speeds and high loads are applied on the bearing.
  • An additional alternative ⁇ consists on lowering the temperature of the runway/rotating element interface for the same performance (namely mechanical load and rotating speed) by means of minimizing the generated heat and also by means of driving away the generated heat faster so that the temperature does not rise so much.
  • trace elements refer to any element, otherwise indicated, in a quantity less than 2%.
  • trace elements ⁇ are preferible to be less than 1.4%, more preferable less than 0.9% and sometimes even more preferible to be less than 0.4%.
  • Possible elements considered to be trace elements are H, He, Xe, Be, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt alone and/or in combination.
  • trace elements or even trace elements in general can be quite detrimental for a particular relevant property (like it can be the case sometimes for thermal conductivity and toughness), for such applications it will be ⁇ desirable to keep trace elements below a 0.4 %, preferably below a 0.2%, more preferably below 0.14 % or even below 0.06%.
  • all trace elements as a sum have a content bellow 2.0%, in other embodiment below 1.4%, in other embodiment below 0.8% and even in other embodiment below 0.2%.
  • each individual trace element has a content bellow 2.0%, in other embodiment below 1.4%, in other embodiment below 0.8% and even in other embodiment below 0.2%.
  • these iron based alloys are often, in the present invention, required to be characterized by at least one of the following:
  • a volume fraction of more than 2% of non-metallic nature particles (mostly carbides, borides, nitrides or compounds thereof).
  • a partially martens ⁇ tic structure refers to a structure containing at least 10% martensite, in another embodiment at least 20% martensite, in another embodiment at least 30% martensite, in another embodiment at least 40% martensite, in another embodiment at least 50% martensite, in another embodiment at least 60% martensite, ⁇ in another embodiment at least 70% martensite, ⁇ in another embodiment at least 80% martensite, in another embodiment at least 90% martensite and even 100% martensitic structure.
  • a partially bainitic structure refers to a structure containing at least 10% bainite, in another embodiment at least 20% bainite, in another embodiment at least 30% bainite, in another embodiment at least 40% bainite, in another embodiment at least 50% bainite, in another embodiment at least 60% bainite, in another embodiment at least 70% bainite, in another embodiment at least 80% bainite, in another embodiment at least 90% bainite and even 100% bainitic structure.
  • a combination of partially bainitic and partially martens ⁇ tic structure includes any possible combination of the preceding described partially bain ⁇ tic structure and partially martens ⁇ tic structure.
  • a low defect content microstructure refers to a microstructure of the steel that allows obtaining a steel with a thermal diffusivity of more than 7.5 mm2/s using different cooling rates and heat treatments to obtain the desired properties such as a case hardening treatment. Since the load bearing elements of the bearings often suffer from the herzian contact fatigue where the maximum load promoting crack nucleation and propagation is subsuperficial, a strategy of selecting a softer material with a higher fracture toughness and ⁇ applying a superficial treatment to better withstand wear is not uncommon. For several applications the method of the present invention will require some sort of case hardening when the steel chosen for the load bearing elements has a low %Ceq.
  • case hardening will need to be done when the %Ceq is lower than 0.39%, preferably when it is lower than 0.32%, more preferably when it is lower than 0.22%, or even when it is lower than 0.12%.
  • Under“some sort of ⁇ case hardening” it is understood any method that can provide an increase of hardness to at least 0.1mm of the treated surface (case hardening, carburizing,.). For some applications it is better to control the %C. In those cases some sort of case hardening will need to be done when the %C is lower than 0.35%, preferably when it is lower than 0.28%, more preferably when it ⁇ is lower than 0.16%, or even when it is lower than 0.09%.
  • the %Ceq is above 0.08%, in other embodiment above 0.2%, in other embodiment above 0.3%, in other embodiment above 0.4% and even above 0.5%. In another embodiment of the invention the %Ceq is normally less than 1.9%, in other embodiment less than 1.6%, in other embodiment less than 1.3%, in other embodiment less than 1.1%, in other embodiment less than 1% and even in other embodiment less than 0.9%.
  • the %Ceq is between 0.3 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 0.9%, ⁇ in another embodiment between 0.35 and 0.9%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 0.9%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 0.9%.
  • the %C is above 0.08%, in other embodiment above 0.2%, in other embodiment above 0.3%, in other embodiment above 0.4% and even above 0.5%. In another embodiment of the invention the %C is less than 1.9%, in other embodiment less than 1.6%, in other embodiment less than 1.3%, in other embodiment less than 1.1%, in other embodiment less than 1%, in other embodiment less than 0.9% and even in other embodiment less than 0.5%.
  • the %C is between 0.3 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.9%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.6%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.3%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 1.1% in another embodiment between 0.4 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 1.1%, in another embodiment between 0.3 and 0.9%, in another embodiment between 0.35 and 0.9%, in another embodiment between 0.4 and 0.9%, in another embodiment between 0.5 and 0.9%.
  • the iron based alloys described in the last preceding paragraphs will be often described as steels, whether they fit the general description of steel or they don’t.
  • the inventor has seen that for some applications the wear resistance of the bearing is significantly better when the material used for the runways and/or recirculating elements has been obtained with a very severe cooling. That is in the case of the alloy ⁇ compositions of the present invention, a cooling rate of more than 10 oC ⁇ s -1 , preferably more than 10 2 C ⁇ s -1 , more preferably more than 10 4 oC ⁇ s -1 , and even more than 10 6 oC ⁇ s- 1 is encouraged for such group of applications.
  • This cooling rate does not have to be sustained through all the manufacturing process, but at least somewhere in the range between Tm + 100 oC and Tm– 400 oC. Or at least the range between Tm + 50 oC and Tm– ⁇ 150 oC.
  • the inventors have seen that powder metallurgical way, can be very beneficial for the method of the present invention for some applications.
  • the nominal life expectancy for the bearings and/or bearing elements constructed using the powder metallurgical way is up to 10 7 cycles, in other embodiment up to 4*10 6 , in other embodiment up to 10 6 cycles, and even up to 10 5 cycles.
  • the bearings of the present invention and/or the breaking disk of the present invention can be manufactured using any existint technology, as for example powder metallurgical way.
  • Powder metallurgical way includes any possible process for the obtaining of the powders regardless of the energy source used for the melting and or the process used for the generation of the powders, or whether no melting was required at all, since a chemical process was used instead or even a mechanical process.
  • powders of less than 10 mm in diameter are desirable and for many applications powders of 2000 microns or less, preferably 780 microns or less, more preferably 350 microns or less or even 180 microns or less.
  • powders of 90 microns or less preferably 64 microns or less more preferably 28 microns or less or even below the micrometer are desirable.
  • the consolidation can be made on a near-net shape basis or consolidation of a base geometry (even bars or blocks) that will after some shape modifications be configured into the desirable bearing element.
  • Some examples of systems to consolidate powder on a near net shape basis include: any kind of sintering systems, any kind of additive manufacturing system, etc.
  • Some examples of systems to consolidate powder on ⁇ a base geometry basis include: hot isostatic pressing (or substitutions thereof – substitution understood as a different system attaining similar properties), spray forming, etc. Reliability is crucial in high performance bearings, thus any method to reduce segregation, reduce inclusion level, improve micro-cleanliness, will be susceptible to be employable in the present invention if the associated cost allows.
  • VIM Volt Induction Melting
  • VAR Vauum Arc Remelting
  • ESR Electro Slag Remelting
  • some special forging and annealing processing some proper selection of refractories and ceramic powders, etc.
  • VIM Vauum Induction Melting
  • VAR Vauum Arc Remelting
  • ESR Electro Slag Remelting
  • %Moeq %Mo + 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ %W
  • % Moeq is above 1.7%, in another embodiment is above 2.0%, in another embodiment is above 2.1%, ⁇ in another embodiment is above 3.2%, and even in another embodiment is above 4.5%.
  • the %Mo content is above 2.0, in other embodiment above 2.5% and even in other embodiment above 3.0%.
  • the %Mo content is between 1.5% and 8%, in another embodiment the %Mo content is between 1.5% and 5.5%, in another embodiment of the invention the %Mo is between 1.5 and 5.0%, even more in another embodiment of the invention the %Mo is between 1.5 and 4.5%.
  • the %Mo content is between 2.5% and 8%, in another embodiment the %Mo content is between 2.5% and 5.5%, in another embodiment of the invention the %Mo is between 2.5 and 5.0%, even more in another embodiment of the invention the %Mo is between 2.5 and 4.5%. ⁇ In another embodiment of the invention the %Mo content is between 3.5% and 8%, in another embodiment the %Mo content is between 3.5% and 5.5%, in another embodiment of the invention the %Mo is between 3.5 and 5.0% In another embodiment of the invention W is not absent in the iron based alloy and even more in another embodiment of the invention %W is above 0.1%, in other embodiment above 0.5% in other embodiment above 1.0%, in other embodiment above 1.5%.
  • %Mo content is 1.2 times higher than %W, in other embodiment the %Mo content is 1.5 times higher than %W, in other embodiment the %Mo content is 2.0 times higher than %W, in other embodiment ⁇ the %Mo content is 2.5 times higher ⁇ than %W, and even the %Mo content is 3 times higher ⁇ than %W.
  • %Cr levels normally less than 2.8% preferably less than 1.8%, and even less than 0.25%.
  • a special attention has to be placed in elements that increase stacking fault energy.
  • %Co %Co since it affects fracture toughness negatively.
  • %Zr+%Hf+%Nb+%Ta should be above 0.2%, preferably 0.8% and even 1.2%.
  • %V is a good carbide former that tends to form quite fine colonies so for applications requiring high wear resistance at high ⁇ temperatures but with moderate heat generation it can be interesting to have %V, it will generally be used with a content above 0.1%, preferably 0.3% and most preferably even more than 0.55%.
  • % Cr is less than 2.8%, in another embodiment is less than 2.0%, in another embodiment is less than 1.4%, in another embodiment is less than 0.8%, and even in another embodiment is less than 0.25%.
  • the %Mn content is above 1.0%, in other embodiment above 2.0%, in other embodiment above 3.0%, and even in other embodiment above 6%.
  • One traditional strategy in the conventional methods of manufacturing the load bearing elements of high performance bearings is the usage of a tough material to better withstand contact fatigue, with a hard surface to better withstand wear.
  • the traditional way is to use a lower %C steel (normally %C below 0.4%) to which a case hardening or another superficial treatment is applied.
  • the inventor has seen that treatments involving diffusion will be preferred in the present invention (like carburation, nitriding, TD, CVD,.).
  • the hard layer should not be too thick to avoid fragilizing ⁇ the area with the highest herzian contact fatigue loading.
  • a minimum thickness of 0.022 mm will be recommendable, preferably a thickness exceeding 0.06 mm, more preferably a thickness exceeding 0.22 mm, and even a thickness exceeding 0.42 mm.
  • residual compressive stresses either in the rotating elements and/or runways have been seen to be very beneficial on the durability of the bearing, when Herzian fatigue is the main failure mechanism.
  • the way the compressive residual stresses have been obtained is of secondary importance. Cost efficiency might induce to use a particular way of obtaining the stresses for a certain application.
  • the most common ways to induce the compressive stresses are trough the production of microscopic and/or ⁇ macroscopic deformations and trough the transformation of the microstructure of the steel. Typical ways include: heat treatment, surface treatment, rolling, shot pening, diamond burnishing, severe grinding,....
  • the inventor has seen that this same way of proceeding can be employed for high performance breaking disks. Such disks are employed amongst others for airplanes, high speed trains and high performance automobiles. Whenever a high kinetic energy has to be transformed to heat at least partially trough the breaking system.
  • breaking disk any element that has a relative movement with respect of another element (breaking pad) which applies a certain pressure against the breaking disk dissipating heat in the event of breaking, which results in a decrease of the relative speed of the breaking disk and elements attached to it with respect of the breaking pad.
  • the breaking disk does not necessary have to have circular geometry. Although it will often be so, the moviment of the breaking disk does not necessary be of revolution nature.
  • all the iron based alloys described for the manufacture of the bearings of the invention can also be used in the breaking disk of the present invention described above. Examples EXAMPLE 1:
  • the bearings for high performance combustion motors and for turbines are often subjected to high temperatures often above 180 oC. Given the strong drive for weight reduction in this kind of applications, high loads are quite common. Temperatures even ⁇ above 400 oC are probable at the rotating element/runway interface.
  • Trace elements being any element of the following list in a quantity less than 1% (preferably less than 0,4%, needless to say any of the elements can be absent): He, Xe, Be, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Rf, Db, S
  • a volume fraction of more than 2% of non-metallic nature particles (mostly carbides, ⁇ borides, nitrides or compounds thereof).
  • Trace elements being any element of the following list in a quantity less than 1% (preferably less than 0,4%, needless to say any of the elements can be absent): He, Xe, ⁇ Be, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Rf, Db
  • Trace elements being any element of the following list in a quantity less than 1% ⁇ (preferably less than 0,4%, needless to say any of the elements can be absent): He, Xe, Be, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Cl, Ar, K, Ca, Sc, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Po, At, Rn, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Rf, Db,

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour fabriquer des paliers haute performance. Ce procédé porte une attention particulière à la sélection des matériaux pour construire les éléments paliers porteurs et, en particulier, les chemins de roulement. Les paliers résultants peuvent résister à des charges mécaniques élevées, à des vitesses de rotation et/ou des températures élevées. Les paliers de la présente invention sont également souvent faciles à recycler.
PCT/EP2016/061164 2015-05-18 2016-05-18 Procédé de construction de paliers WO2016184926A1 (fr)

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EP15382259.8 2015-05-18

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109182926A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-11 昆山奥马热工科技有限公司 一种高速钢的热处理工艺
CN111254364A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-09 泰州市淳强不锈钢有限公司 一种具有高强度和高耐磨性的合金钢
CN111647795A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-09-11 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 一种冷轧模具钢及其制备方法

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DE10336407A1 (de) * 2003-08-06 2005-03-03 Bleistahl-Produktions Gmbh & Co. Kg Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Lagerteile für Turbolader sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Lagerteile
WO2010112319A1 (fr) 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Rovalma, S.A. Acier a outils chauds de travail a tenacite et conductivite thermique excellentes
WO2012095532A1 (fr) 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Rovalma S.A. Acier à outils présentant une diffusivité thermique élevée et une résistance à l'usure élevée
WO2014131907A1 (fr) 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 Rovalma, S.A. Acier pour outil à diffusivité thermique élevée, résistance élevée et faible risque de fissuration durant un traitement thermique

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US3954517A (en) 1975-07-22 1976-05-04 The Timken Company Method for making carburized bearing members
GB2284616A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-06-14 Nsk Ltd Rolling bearing
DE10336407A1 (de) * 2003-08-06 2005-03-03 Bleistahl-Produktions Gmbh & Co. Kg Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Lagerteile für Turbolader sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Lagerteile
DE10336407B4 (de) 2003-08-06 2007-03-29 Bleistahl-Produktions Gmbh & Co. Kg Pulvermetallurgisch hergestellte Lagerteile für Turbolader sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Lagerteile
WO2010112319A1 (fr) 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Rovalma, S.A. Acier a outils chauds de travail a tenacite et conductivite thermique excellentes
WO2012095532A1 (fr) 2011-01-13 2012-07-19 Rovalma S.A. Acier à outils présentant une diffusivité thermique élevée et une résistance à l'usure élevée
WO2014131907A1 (fr) 2013-03-01 2014-09-04 Rovalma, S.A. Acier pour outil à diffusivité thermique élevée, résistance élevée et faible risque de fissuration durant un traitement thermique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109182926A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-11 昆山奥马热工科技有限公司 一种高速钢的热处理工艺
CN111254364A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2020-06-09 泰州市淳强不锈钢有限公司 一种具有高强度和高耐磨性的合金钢
CN111647795A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-09-11 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 一种冷轧模具钢及其制备方法
CN111647795B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2022-03-04 樟树市兴隆高新材料有限公司 一种冷轧模具钢及其制备方法

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