WO2016178168A1 - Bâtiment ou structure comprenant un dôme - Google Patents

Bâtiment ou structure comprenant un dôme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016178168A1
WO2016178168A1 PCT/IB2016/052555 IB2016052555W WO2016178168A1 WO 2016178168 A1 WO2016178168 A1 WO 2016178168A1 IB 2016052555 W IB2016052555 W IB 2016052555W WO 2016178168 A1 WO2016178168 A1 WO 2016178168A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panels
dome
panel
range
joints
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2016/052555
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles Caulder Bree
Original Assignee
Charles Caulder Bree
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Charles Caulder Bree filed Critical Charles Caulder Bree
Publication of WO2016178168A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016178168A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/04—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould
    • B29C41/042—Rotational or centrifugal casting, i.e. coating the inside of a mould by rotating the mould by rotating a mould around its axis of symmetry
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/10—Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/10—Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
    • B29L2031/108—Roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/12—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of other material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
    • E04B2001/3276—Panel connection details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to dome-shaped constructions including buildings, shelters, covers, observatories, and radar or ground-based satellite aerial protective structures; wherein the constructions are made from replicated items of a limited range of modular parts each moulded from a plastics material.
  • the word "dome” refers to a hemispherical constructed shape, located upon a surface so as to enclose a volume.
  • the invention is applicable to shapes having an oval outline in a vertical plane, or to shapes in which two sides of a hemisphere are separated by a linear portion.
  • Module or “modular” refer to repetitive usage of identical parts.
  • “Panel” refers to a formed unit comprising a portion of a dome comprised of a plurality of panels each having a curved outer surface, curved in two perpendicular axes (unless a linear dome portion is to be included, in which case a single axis of curvature may be used for panels along the linear portion).
  • “spherical” may include variant panels in which the degree of curvature in one axis may be zero, or different from the degree of curvature in a perpendicular axis over the surface of the panel.
  • Tier refers to a set of panels at the same height about a ground surface.
  • Code refers to a series of mostly identical, fitted-together panels. The word is taken from brickwork. When elongated rectangles are joined along a long side with 50% overlap the resulting structure has optimized strength. In this document a course may be horizontal, or vertical.
  • the Applicant has previously described entire buildings, such as dwellings, made from a single piece of plastics material by a rotational moulding process in a large oven holding a heated mould that is rotated in one axis only, while feeding a flow of a selected type of plastics granule (to set solid or to set as a foam) into the interior of the mould.
  • a rotational moulding process in a large oven holding a heated mould that is rotated in one axis only, while feeding a flow of a selected type of plastics granule (to set solid or to set as a foam) into the interior of the mould.
  • Such an oven can produce a round building several metres in diameter and several metres off the ground, as a single item.
  • Igloos are an example of dome-shaped construction, using found materials rather than manufactured modules.
  • McSweeney US2012/0204496 describes a building panel module used for making a spherical shell in which single modules each having the shape of almost exactly a right triangle and with specified angles as projected onto a spherical surface are used. There are only two shapes (apart from modifications such as for windows); one being a mirror image of the other. Vacuum forming is employed and a pair of hulls are subsequently joined together to create a two-layered module.
  • the problem to be solved is to provide an economical process for manufacture of a set of modular panels adapted for use in construction of dome-shaped buildings. There is a need to provide large, economical shelters that are resistant to effects of high winds. For use in warm countries, ventilation is also desirable. It is known that a dome has inherent strength like that of an eggshell because it comprises a shape having surfaces curved in two directions, which have greater stiffness than a flat surface, or a surface curved in one direction only. The problem is to construct a dome with modular panels that can conveniently be made, transported to, and handled individually at a site.
  • An object of the present application is to economically provide a quickly, simply and easily constructed building based on a hemisphere or dome shape with modular panels that can conveniently be made, transported and handled individually, or at least to provide the public with a useful choice.
  • the invention provides a structure or building (100, 300, 700, 900) to be placed upon a foundation, the structure having a shape of a hemispherical dome characterized in that the structure is formed from a plurality of modular panels each comprised of a thermoplastics material and joined together at the edges by joints; each panel having an exterior surface and an interior surface and an at least four-sided shape corresponding to an outline of a rectangle projected on to a spherical surface.
  • one or more surfaces are not curved, as for an extended length between two half-domes.
  • the panels are made from a fusible thermoplastics material by a one-step, single-axis rotational moulding process inside a selected one of a range of configurations of moulds.
  • each panel has a selected one of a range of configurations according to a location of the panel as a member of a tier within the structure.
  • the panels are joined together along complementary joints formed into the plastics material during a moulding process; the joints being selected from a range comprising overlapping joints and tongue-and-groove joints; said joints being capable of being joined together by adhesive or physical fastening means.
  • At least one panel includes ventilation means capable of admitting air from an internal surface into an interior of the panel and of releasing air through an external surface into the atmosphere.
  • the ventilation means passes convectively from a low intake, through the interior of a contiguous vertical series of panels, and is released at a high outlet.
  • the range of configurations provides for construction of the structure (100) as non-overlapping tiers of panels.
  • the range of configurations provides for construction of the structure (300) as overlapping tiers of panels.
  • the structure (300) is constructed as overlapping tiers of panels wherein the longer sides of any one panels overlap panels of adjacent tiers.
  • the range of configurations of panels includes panels (306) having a six-sided shape resembling a rectangle having a corner removed, when projected on to a spherical surface.
  • the dome shape is supported by at least one encircling girdle at a height above the foundation, attached to one or more tiers of panels and comprised of an inextensible strip.
  • the dome is secured against wind by use of a plurality of tie-down straps each anchored to a mass at both ends and passing over the dome at or near the apex.
  • each strap is comprised of a flexible plastics material including polypropylene and includes a tension adjusting means.
  • tie-down straps are passed through the hollow centres of a series or course of panels.
  • the dome is modified so as to provide an openable observation slot for a 105 telescope; the building comprising an observatory.
  • panels include cut-outs capable of receiving insetted frames capable when in use of surrounding windows, doors, ducts, pipes, or observation slots.
  • the dome is closed off at an apex by a single panel.
  • the apex panel provides at least one vent.
  • the invention provides a structure or building (100, 300, 700, 900) to be placed upon a foundation, the structure or building having a shape of two hemispherical portions each comprising a half of a dome,, separated in a horizontal 115 direction by an intermediate hemi-cylindrical extension forming a hemi-cylinder and
  • the invention provides a structure or building as previously described in this section that is raised above the substrate by a palisade of panels curved 120 about a vertical axis.
  • Fig 1 shows an oblique perspective view of a first dome structure illustrating the major panels.
  • Fig 2 shows some disassembled panels of the first dome structure.
  • Fig 3 shows an oblique perspective view of a dome structure making use of overlapping tiers, illustrating the major kinds of panels and a strengthening girdle.
  • Fig 4a schematically shows a surface of a single panel.
  • Fig 4b is a vertical section through a typical panel with overlap joints.
  • Fig 4c is a horizontal section through a typical panel with overlap joints.
  • Fig 5 shows a tongue-and-groove joint.
  • Fig 6 shows detail of a screwed tongue-and-groove joint.
  • Fig 7 is an oblique perspective view of a horizontally extended dome.
  • Fig 8 shows a subassembly of panels from Fig 7, each curved in one axis, including 145 course overlaps as per Fig 3.
  • Fig 9 is an oblique perspective view of a vertically extended dome.
  • Fig 10 shows detail of the bottom of a base panel supported by a wheel.
  • Fig 11 shows a preferred path of air flow by convection within the hollow cores of the panels as seen in a vertical cross-section.
  • Fig 12a shows a ground tie or strap passing through the hollow cores of the panels as seen in a vertical cross-section (one half shown).
  • Fig 12b is a plan schematic showing the placement of four paired ground ties or straps used for securing a dome to a substrate or foundation.
  • the invention relates to hemispherical constructions including buildings, shelters, 155 observatories, and other protective structures. Each construction is made from many
  • Fig 1 shows an example dome structure 100 comprised of replicated or modular panels.
  • the apex 102 might be 20 or even 40 metres above the base 101. Access into the interior may be provided as shown in the Fig 9 variant through a door 902a, 902b. In this example there are 6 tiers between the base 101 to the apex 102; 103, 104, 105, 106, 107; and it will be noted that because the panels become narrower, each panel of the highest tiers (106 and 107) overlap two panels of the tier below. According to height, there may
  • 165 be 50 to 100 panels in any lower tier, for a maximum panel width of about 1.5 metres.
  • the invention is based on the Applicant's development of a single-axis rotational moulding oven for making flat or curved shapes within individual moulds.
  • Reference to Figs 1 or 3 show that a limited range of moulds, about nine to eleven shapes, may be used to mass-produce replicas of panels for an entire dome - apart from inserts for windows or
  • each mould includes connections to a rotatable shaft upon a selected axis at a particular angle to the interior of the mould so that during moulding within a hot oven, incorporated thermoplastics granules move about, congeal, and provide a formed shape having substantially even-thickness walls for use as a dome
  • moulding methods may be used; for example vacuum-forming one flat sheet into a part-spherical panel; or separately forming two flat sheets including edge detail, that can later be fused together around the edges to provide a hollow panel comparable in structure with a rotationally moulded panel as detailed in this specification.
  • Figs 1 and 3 Nine types of panel are typically used for the simple version of Fig 1, in which there are no vertical courses. (The apex is likely made of a metal part; see later). For the more complex version of Fig 3 in which panels overlap along their vertical edges, as is common practice in brickwork, 11 types of panel are typically used, depending on how the apex is 190 made.
  • the example shown in Figs 1 and 3 has 60 columns of panel in the four low tiers.
  • the largest of the types is 1 metre across, not including joints, and is at most 3 metres in the opposite direction. Since the panels are intended to be hollow, a person can lift and carry one panel and the dome may be built by one or several people by fastening each panel to surrounding panels, like a large igloo.
  • a panel factory may have one oven and a 195 variety of moulds, or as many ovens as there are moulds in order to increase production.
  • Each panel has four curved edges in a quasi -rectangular outline.
  • each inner and each outer surface of the panel comprises part of a spherical surface; each curved surface having a curve in two planes.
  • the lowest tier 303 is comprised of alternating short and long panels, so that the 200 long edges are joined to adjoining panels while a corner of any one panel falls along the middle of an edge of an adjoining panel. Since panels 306 of Fig 3 are used in a tier where the number of panels in a tier is halved as compared with the tier below, the panels of that tier have a cutout along a broader and lower, when in use, end. Otherwise, because as the apex is approached, the panel width would otherwise become inconveniently small.
  • FIG. 205 An example panel is shown in 400 in Fig 4a and (with greatly exaggerated curvature) in vertical cross-section in Fig 4b and in horizontal cross-section in Fig 4c.
  • the panel has a hollow interior, unless deliberately filled as described below.
  • Fig 4a shows the rebate 402 around two adjacent edges used to form the inwardly placed part of the overlap joint, while 405 indicates the complementary outwardly placed edges. See also Fig 5.
  • Fig 4a shows the rebate 402 around two adjacent edges used to form the inwardly placed part of the overlap joint, while 405 indicates the complementary outwardly placed edges. See also Fig 5.
  • Fig 4a shows the rebate 402 around two adjacent edges used to form the inwardly placed part of the overlap joint, while 405 indicates the complementary outwardly placed edges. See also Fig 5.
  • Fig 4a shows the rebate 402 around two adjacent edges used to form the inwardly placed part of the overlap joint, while 405 indicates the complementary outwardly placed edges. See also Fig 5.
  • 210 also shows optional air circulation apertures, which when in use may admit air from the interior of the dome at 406, and expel air from the outer and upper apertures 407. The flow of air through the hollow interior of the panel tends to cool the panel so that sunlight causes less heating in the interior of the dome. Apertures 406 and 407 may be made by routing a panel after moulding.
  • FIG 11 A preferred convective air-flow arrangement is shown in Fig 11, wherein the thickness of the panels 1101, 1102 is exaggerated in order to show the path of the air. Air is able to pass through each or a series of the joints 1103, 1104 that occur between contiguous panels along a vertical course after the tongue joint edges have been intermittently cut through during manufacture or during construction; retaining strength yet admitting air.
  • Air is admitted at a low intake 1105 and rises to be released at a high outlet 1107, which should include a rain cover.
  • the Applicant has noted that drawing the air over water in a container 1106 makes it cooler, although that may not be effective in humid climates.
  • edges are moulded as joints with a rebated edge as shown in 225 Fig 4a so that each panel can be fitted neatly to adjoining panels and fastened for example by screws 501, 502 (Fig 5) into place in a configuration as shown in Fig 1 or in Fig 3.
  • screws 501, 502 Fig 5
  • Overlapping, complementary edges are preferred, orientated so that rainwater tends to be excluded. Assembly does not need great skill, since screw sites (see below) are marked by dimples that are moulded into the panels at appropriate locations along the seams.
  • Each panel is comprised of an environmentally resistant thermoplastics material for assembly into a building.
  • an example fusible plastics raw material is a granular polyethylene plastics material; for example ICORE E 3840 made by ICO Polymers, Inc of 6355 Farm Bureau Rd, Allentown, PA 18106, USA. It 235 is a Linear Medium Density Polyethylene plastic material.
  • Each panel is made using a rotational moulding process inside a closed mould, charged with the particulate thermoplastics material, moved about within a heated oven by rotation until the interior of the mould is evenly coated with a fused layer, and then the mould is removed from the oven, cooled, and opened up, as described by the Applicant in
  • the moulded panel is hollow and has an empty interior.
  • the interior is filled with a second thermoplastics material that converts into a foam, which provides extra insulation for use in adverse climates.
  • a variation comprises use of relatively translucent or transparent materials, to increase the amount of light reaching the interior.
  • the surfaces may be painted. For example white paint on the interior
  • Actual windows may be included in the structure by making complementary pairs of adjoining panels that incorporate an aperture formed in adjoining edges; into which aperture a conventional window frame may be inserted.
  • thermoplastics material contraction and cooling an inherent tendency of the thermoplastics material to buckle or 250 bow noticeable in flat panels, is managed by intentionally making a curved panel.
  • the mould shall be designed so that the correct size and shape is reliably assumed after cooling.
  • Alternative moulding processes such as vacuum forming could be considered, but it appears that rotational moulding is optimal for at least the production volumes expected and it automatically creates a two-skinned panel.
  • Variant panels include panels adapted to border insetted frames for surrounding windows or doors - as frames and lintels 903, or ducts and pipes, or observation slots or the like.
  • the apex 102 may be closed using for example a metal "spider" having radial projections about a central ring or disk.
  • the disk may be a mount for a short mast carrying
  • a ventilation structure can be placed at the apex, using a larger central aperture than that of Figs 1 at 102 or Fig 3 at 302.
  • Structural strength is provided in part by use of panels that have synclastic curved shapes - both curves in the same direction in two perpendicular axes.
  • 270 inextensible strap optionally deformed in order to lie upon the plane of the surface of the panels at the tier onto which it is to be applied.
  • Polypropylene or other plastics need no treatment to avoid corrosion when in place, as is known to the art-skilled worker.
  • One girdle may be applied at the base 102 and used as attachment means to a foundation.
  • An upper girdle or steel reinforcing band 307 is preferably attached to the panels of the tier
  • the tiers closest to the apex are halved in number from tier to tier and are not easily provided with overlapping sides as was done for lower tiers.
  • the girdle may be secured by transfixing bolts as soon as the tier has been completed. Placing the reinforcing girdle 307 at the location shown, rather than at the apex itself optimizes strength since loading is instead distributed along the panels, not at
  • Further girdles may be used at intermediate positions.
  • One obstacle to use of simple girdles is the existence of a door (see 902, 902a in Fig 9. Either the girdle is placed above the lintel 903 above the door, or a rigid frame is placed around the door that transfers tension across the door without obstructing the opening.
  • Panels that form the lowest course preferably have a lowest edge moulded as shown in 285 Fig 6, with an extended outer periphery or lip 601 produced (by moulding) from the outer surface 203.
  • the outer extension covers a foundation, or an internal floor edge, or in the case of the "observatory" version in Fig 10, a wheeled support (that allows the dome to rotate. 603 indicates the position of an example girdle.
  • Each panel is joined to an adjacent panel along its edges as shown in section in Fig 5.
  • One optional joint configuration is an overlapping joint 402, 405.
  • Fig 4a shows the joint position as a continuous border around panel 400 which may be regarded as an enclosed flat rectangular hollow box having an outline as at 401.
  • the preferred tongue-and-groove joint is shown in Fig 5, between two panels 403 with tongue 402 and complementary 295 groove 503 held together with screws 501, 502.
  • the tongue and the groove are
  • Plastics glues selected from a range including solvent glues, two-part glues such as epoxies, and glues which become active when dried,
  • One way to create a tongue-and-groove joint without the problems of forming a re-entrant 310 part (the groove) within a moulded object is to simply mould a thinner edge along two adjoining sides, leaving the other two sides as plain edges to be modified by making a saw cut through the panel along the dotted lines 404, 405, that opens up the groove of the joint by opening into the hollow centre.
  • the scrap material cut off may be ground up and recycled as thermoplastics granules.
  • a groove having solid borders can be 315 moulded by using a removable shape within the mould that is withdrawn on removal and cooling, when the usual amount of shrinkage helps release the shape that delimited the groove.
  • each tile is stuffed, after becoming opened, with internal insulation selected from a range including a foamed sheet plastics material, animal or 320 vegetable fibre, or rock or glass wool.
  • Fig 12a which is a plan view schematically shows how a series of straps may be disposed over a dome. For example, pairs of straps at 45 degree intervals may be used. The actual number and placement will be dependent on the vertical courses of panels, since the straps are designed to pass right over the dome but in between the inner surface 1101 of the panels and their outer surface 1102, as shown in Fig 12b.
  • each strap travels near a vertical joint between courses, and crosses tiers of panels at the internally open joints such as are shown here at 1103. That is, the straps are passed over the dome from one edge to the other while traversing the length of the end-joined cavity between the inner and the outer skins of the assembled panels.
  • Fig 12a there typically are a number of straps; for example strap 1201a-1201b. Note that the panel thickness is exaggerated for clarity.
  • Fig 12b shows half only of a dome in vertical cross-section, upon soil 1205.
  • a way to secure the strap 1201 on to an edge of a concrete floor 1204 using schematic fasteners 1203 or another effective means is shown.
  • Preferably at least one ratchet tie-down is installed on each strap such as the mechanism at 1202, to allow for adjustment.
  • Tension in the strap is directed in substantially in the same plane as that of the lowest edge of the adjacent panel.
  • the half dome not shown in Fig 12b is identical in relation to tie-down straps.
  • the Applicant prefers to use the type of woven polypropylene straps that are widely used to tie down loads on trucks. Rope is an option. Steel is another option, but corrosion and a different coefficient of thermal expansion to that of the thermoplastic panels are disadvantages.
  • the weight of the foundation serves as an anchor for the dome in case of strong winds, while absence of eaves and vertical surfaces assists air flow. The load is widely distributed over the dome. Placing the tie-down straps inside the panels is tidy, maintains strap alignment and placement, and protects the strap from ultraviolet degradation over the perhaps 70 years that the dome may remain standing.
  • a horizontally aligned extension 701 comprised of differently shaped panels in order to increase the internal enclosed volume inside the building or structure 700.
  • Fig 8 shows a series of courses 703, 704, 705, 706 and 707 comprised of panels that have a predominant curve in only one axis, not two. Since panels curved in just one axis do not have the same strength, they may have to include more thermoplastics material, or vertically oriented corrugations (for example; not shown) within the panel surfaces. There is no particular limit to the length of the linear extension 701.
  • a geometrical dome has a symmetrical, spherical shape, in which the surface has the same curvature in any plane.
  • the invention is also applicable to shapes having an oval outline in a vertical plane.
  • a shape, like half of a hen's egg, in which the sides rise steeply at first, while retaining some curvature, and then curve toward an apex may increase an effective floor area.
  • a vertical extension is easily constructed as follows: a dome 900 mounted upon a palisade of straight vertical and (optionally) horizontally curved panels 901 as shown in Fig 9 approximates the shape described in the previous paragraph yet does not require different sets of moulds.
  • the palisades may be of any reasonable length. The may be considered as forming a raised foundation for a dome as previously described in this specification. This
  • This variant is one way to place a dome on a sloping ground surface. Especially for small domes this variant provides more "head room”.
  • This drawing includes a pair of doors 902a, 902b under a frame 903.
  • a ring foundation is shown as 904.
  • This variant would also be suitable as a dome for an observatory, for which a sideways openable slot for the telescope is included in the curved portion of the building. Such a slot is made with a stiff frame to
  • the dome is required to rotate.
  • the panels 901 closest to the foundation may be provided with wheels 1001 that rotate upon a circular metal or concrete ring 904, as shown in Fig 10.
  • the wheels and the track may be located either at ground level or at the transition between the cylindrical base 901 and the dome itself, so that the cylindrical base and the location of
  • An advantage of this invention is that the
  • modules can be made sufficiently small to be assembled by one individual, and perhaps repeatedly disassembled and transported for re-use in another place.
  • An option is to create a dome from tiers that, unlike the dome of Fig 1, are rotationally 385 displaced about the dome by half a panel width, thereby creating overlap along
  • a dome of given dimensions may be made from a lesser number of tiers; such as by use of a smaller number of larger panels. This optimization may save on assembly time, but mechanical lifting assistance may be required in order to build the dome.
  • iMnternal 390 dimensions of a standard shipping container may limit panel dimensions. Ventilation may be provided by openings at upper tiers, such as by providing hinged windows in tier 308 in Fig 3.
  • a large building may include internal supports for several internal floors; useful for example if the dome is to be used as a community service centre for a number of smaller 395 shelters or permanent accommodation surrounding it.
  • Domes according to the invention may be made without any metal parts, by using appropriate fasteners or techniques which may include plastics screws, that might be inserted into holes previously tapped with a thread by a metal tap, heat fusion, or a glue.
  • a non-metallic dome particularly if the plastics material is selected so as to have properties 400 compatible with radio-frequency energy at a relevant frequency (such as by having a low absorbtion coefficient) may be used to protect a radar antenna or a ground-mounted satellite antenna from wind and other effects.
  • the girdles would be made of plastics, such as polypropylene straps.
  • This invention provides prefabricated panels for buildings, so that a building can be
  • dome as the basic shape means that no provision need be made for corner blocks or roof tiles or flashing for waterproofing purposes, as would be required for a rectangular 410 building.
  • the building is relatively strong in relation to wind loading. For instance it has no vertical surfaces nor overhanging eaves that may engage with a strong or cyclonic wind.
  • the tie- down straps are well placed for comprehensive holding purposes.
  • panels of the building are temporarily attached, but not fused together 415 permanently, so that the building can be taken down when no longer required, and used again elsewhere.
  • Applications include housing for disaster relief, or providing a central building to be surrounded by housing, providing shelter to homeless persons, or barns for animals.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des structures ou bâtiments en forme de dôme, fabriqués à partir d'une plage limitée de panneaux modulaires incurvés dans deux axes, chacun ayant une forme de rectangle projetée sur une sphère, ayant des bords complémentaires pour un raccordement mutuel. Chaque panneau est fabriqué à partir d'un matériau en plastique par un procédé de moulage par rotation. Des courses verticales se chevauchant et des niveaux horizontaux de vitres s'emboîtent ensemble. La résistance peut être complétée par des gaines. Des options comprennent des structures allongées comprenant des extrémités de demi-dôme séparées par une section droite intermédiaire, et des dômes relevés portés sur des panneaux. Des centres creux sont utilisés pour des sangles de fixation et pour un flux d'air de convection.
PCT/IB2016/052555 2015-05-05 2016-05-05 Bâtiment ou structure comprenant un dôme WO2016178168A1 (fr)

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NZ707780 2015-05-05
NZ70778015 2015-05-05

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WO2016178168A1 true WO2016178168A1 (fr) 2016-11-10

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107558611A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 一种滚塑屋
CN107558760A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 一种休闲活动屋
CN108661395A (zh) * 2018-06-06 2018-10-16 刘全义 装配式球形仓及其建造方法
CN108678258A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2018-10-19 中国建筑局（集团）有限公司 大跨度半球形钢筋混凝土穹顶结构及其施工方法
CN109653537A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-19 浙江贝仕达科技股份有限公司 一种户外建筑
CN111395532A (zh) * 2020-03-30 2020-07-10 中铁二局第一工程有限公司 大跨度半开口椭圆球面网壳安装施工方法
WO2021014118A1 (fr) * 2019-07-23 2021-01-28 Dingley Dell enterprises Limited Dômes et arches
US11110368B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2021-09-07 Piotr NAWRACALA Structural element

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GB1184548A (en) * 1966-06-17 1970-03-18 Peter Bruce Dennis Dismountable Building.
GB1525983A (en) * 1976-08-17 1978-09-27 Engineering & Glassfibre Dev L Prefabricated dome structure
WO1987004206A1 (fr) * 1985-12-30 1987-07-16 Gaudet, Robert, Antoine Elements prefabriques destines a l'erection de gabarits et de supports de revetement utilisables dans la construction de batiments du type dome, et leur procede d'utilisation
US5651220A (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-07-29 Dit Felix; Gerard Chamayou Shelter consisting of panels assembled in a polyhedron
US20050086875A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-04-28 Holler Max M. Multi-chambered structure
US20070151170A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-05 Carter Philip R Dome-shaped structure
KR101177916B1 (ko) * 2011-11-04 2012-08-28 상 보 심 돔형 구조물

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1184548A (en) * 1966-06-17 1970-03-18 Peter Bruce Dennis Dismountable Building.
GB1525983A (en) * 1976-08-17 1978-09-27 Engineering & Glassfibre Dev L Prefabricated dome structure
WO1987004206A1 (fr) * 1985-12-30 1987-07-16 Gaudet, Robert, Antoine Elements prefabriques destines a l'erection de gabarits et de supports de revetement utilisables dans la construction de batiments du type dome, et leur procede d'utilisation
US5651220A (en) * 1995-10-06 1997-07-29 Dit Felix; Gerard Chamayou Shelter consisting of panels assembled in a polyhedron
US20050086875A1 (en) * 2003-10-28 2005-04-28 Holler Max M. Multi-chambered structure
US20070151170A1 (en) * 2006-01-04 2007-07-05 Carter Philip R Dome-shaped structure
KR101177916B1 (ko) * 2011-11-04 2012-08-28 상 보 심 돔형 구조물

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107558611A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 一种滚塑屋
CN107558760A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 一种休闲活动屋
CN107600344A (zh) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-19 温岭市旭日滚塑科技有限公司 一种休闲船艇
US11110368B2 (en) 2018-05-09 2021-09-07 Piotr NAWRACALA Structural element
CN108661395A (zh) * 2018-06-06 2018-10-16 刘全义 装配式球形仓及其建造方法
CN108678258A (zh) * 2018-06-20 2018-10-19 中国建筑局（集团）有限公司 大跨度半球形钢筋混凝土穹顶结构及其施工方法
CN108678258B (zh) * 2018-06-20 2024-04-19 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 大跨度半球形钢筋混凝土穹顶结构及其施工方法
CN109653537A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-19 浙江贝仕达科技股份有限公司 一种户外建筑
WO2021014118A1 (fr) * 2019-07-23 2021-01-28 Dingley Dell enterprises Limited Dômes et arches
CN111395532A (zh) * 2020-03-30 2020-07-10 中铁二局第一工程有限公司 大跨度半开口椭圆球面网壳安装施工方法
CN111395532B (zh) * 2020-03-30 2021-09-03 中铁二局第一工程有限公司 大跨度半开口椭圆球面网壳安装施工方法

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