WO2016173972A1 - Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants - Google Patents

Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016173972A1
WO2016173972A1 PCT/EP2016/059143 EP2016059143W WO2016173972A1 WO 2016173972 A1 WO2016173972 A1 WO 2016173972A1 EP 2016059143 W EP2016059143 W EP 2016059143W WO 2016173972 A1 WO2016173972 A1 WO 2016173972A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spp
herbicides
root crop
tuberous root
crop plants
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/059143
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mohamed ELSHERIF
Original Assignee
Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to BR112017023248A priority Critical patent/BR112017023248A2/en
Priority to CN201680034578.6A priority patent/CN107743360A/en
Publication of WO2016173972A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173972A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/82Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms

Definitions

  • the present invention primarily relates to the use of herbicide combinations comprising (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican or of a composition comprising such herbicide combinations for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, preferably in cassava.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of said specific herbicide combinations or of a composition comprising said specific herbicide combinations as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava.
  • the present invention relates to a corresponding method of controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants and to a corresponding method of regulating plant growth of tuberous root crop plants.
  • Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz
  • In Africa yields of cassava are generally comparatively low, which to a large extent is due to effects of weed competition or to uncontrolled or unsufficiently controlled weed growth. Hoe-weeding still is a common practice among cassava farmers.
  • CN102428919A teaches a postemergence cassava field herbicide with mesotrion as an active component.
  • CN103392724A suggests the use of a ternary herbicide composition as cassava field herbicide with the active components of halosulfuron, oxyfluorfen and an amide herbicide selected from the group of butachlor, propisochlor and metolachlor.
  • GB 1,028,976 discloses a process for the treatment of plants with storage organs, for example cassava, sweet potato or yam, which comprises spraying the plants with a substituted benzoic acid herbicide in a specific time fram before harvest.
  • a substituted benzoic acid herbicide in a specific time fram before harvest.
  • herbicides like (optionally further substituted) di-, tri- or tetrachlorobenzoic acids are preferred.
  • African Crop Science Journal 1994, 519-530 reports on weeds and their control in cassava.
  • herbicides were tested: metobromuron, fluometuron, prometryn (optionally in combination with ametryne), terbutryn, paraquat and diuron.
  • Planta Daninha, 2010, 28(4), 807-816 describes the application of different herbicdes on weeds in cassava.
  • Inter alia the effects of herbicides like diuron, metribuzin, isoxaflutole, atrazine, ametryn, and several combinations comprising said herbicides are reported therein on two cassava varieties grown in the state of Parana, Brazil.
  • herbicidal crop protection agents known to date for controlling harmful plants or unwanted vegetation in tuberous root crop plants have some disadvantages, be it (a) that they have no or else insufficient herbicidal activity against specific harmful plants, (b) that the spectrum of hanriful plants which can be controlled with the herbicides is not broad enough, and/or (c) that the selectivity of herbicides in and the compatibility with tuberous root crop plants is too low, thereby causing unwanted damage and/or unwanted reduced harvest yields of the tuberous root crops.
  • the herbicidal activity (above aspects (a) and (b)) and/or the selectivity / compatibility (above aspect (c)) of the herbicides used so far in tuberous root crop plants still allow improvement.
  • the present invention primarily relates to the use of a combination of herbicides (herbicide combination) or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides (herbicide combination) - for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or as plant growth regulators in tuberous root crop plants, wherein said combination of herbicides comprises or consists of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican.
  • the present invention further releates to the use of a composition as defined herein in the context of the present invention which additionally comprises one or more further components selected from the group consisting of formulation auxiliaries, additives customary in crop protection, and further agrochemically active compounds (i.e. agrochemically active compounds different from components (i) and (ii) as defined above, i.e. agrochemically active compounds other than (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican).
  • agrochemically active compounds i.e. agrochemically active compounds different from components (i) and (ii) as defined above, i.e. agrochemically active compounds other than (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican).
  • a combination of herbicides used in the context of the present invention consists of herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican
  • further herbicidal active ingredient and “further agrochemically active compound” refers to the herbicides and agrochemically active compounds (pesticides), respectively, listed in "The Pesticide Manual”, 16th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2012 other than flufenacet and diflufenican.
  • the herbicide combinations and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention not only exhibit an excellent herbicidal activity in controlling harmful plants or unwanted vegetation in tuberous root crop plants, but also show compatibility with tuberous root crop plants, i.e. said herbicides do not cause significant damage (like phytotoxicity) and/or unwanted reduced harvest yields of the tuberous root crops.
  • the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention allow excellent (total) weed control at an agronomically acceptable level of damage of the tuberous root crop plants. Further, the type of damage observed with the herbicide combinations and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention is not noticeably harmful, and the tuberous root crop plants affected largely or fully recover from said type of damage. For example, in the biological examples hereinbelow, no phytotoxicity effects were observed after treatment of the cassava plants with a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention.
  • the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention can be used as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava, thereby increasing harvest yields tuberous root crop plants (in particular the weight of the tuberous root) and/or increasing the plant growth of the tuberous root crop plants (in particular the growth of the leaves of the tuberous root crop plants), in each case in comparison to tuberous root crop plants not treated with herbicides (untreated control).
  • the present invention preferably relates to the use of a combination of herbicides or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined in the context of the present invention, wherein the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea), more preferably wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava ⁇ Manihot esculenta).
  • sweet potato Ipomoea batatas
  • cassava Manihot esculenta
  • yam plant species in the genus Dioscorea
  • the herbicides used in the context of the present invention are known per se, and described inter alia in "The Pesticide Manual", 16th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2012 and the literature cited therein.
  • the herbicides used in the context of the present invention are described in more detail hereinbelow.
  • the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention and also certain compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention as such are known.
  • the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention and also certain compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention are commercially available.
  • Tuberous roots are perennating organs, thickened roots that store nutrients over periods when the plant cannot actively grow, thus permitting survival from one year to the next.
  • Tubers should not be confused with tuberous roots. Tubers are modified shoots, whereas tuberous roots are modified roots.
  • a tuberous root is a modified lateral root, enlarged to function as a storage organ.
  • the enlarged area of the root- tuber, or storage root can be produced at the end or middle of a root or involve the entire root. It is thus different in origin but similar in function and appearance to a stem tuber. Examples of plants with notable tuberous roots include the sweet potato, cassava, yam and dahlia.
  • Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz
  • manioc Manihot esculenta Crantz
  • yuca balinghoy or kamoteng kahoy
  • tabolchu in Northeast India
  • mogo in Africa
  • mandioca tapioca-root
  • kappa predominantly in India
  • manioc root a woody shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge) family native to South America, is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates.
  • Cassava when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its fermented, flaky version is named garri.
  • Cassava is the third largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. Cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people. It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while Thailand is the largest exporting country of dried cassava.
  • Cassava grows poorly in weedy fields and consequently produces fewer and smaller storage roots.
  • Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers. These are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania. There are many cultivars of yam. Although some varieties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are also called am in parts of the United States and Canada, it is not part of the family Dioscoreaceae. Yams are monocotyledons, related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yam tubers vary in size from that of a small potato to over 60 kilograms. There are over 600 varieties of yams and 95 percent of these crops are grown in Africa.
  • Dioscorea family Dioscoreaceae
  • composition includes compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein, and can be used in various acceptable or agronomically typical forms and formulations, for example in a single "ready-mix” form.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention and the compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention may be a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a "tank- mix", or said composition can be a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours (and preferably less than 24 hours).
  • herbicides (i) and (ii) used in the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention include all stereoisomers and their mixtures, in particular also racemic mixtures and - if enantiomers are possible - the respective biologically active enantiomer.
  • the short form of the common name of an active compound includes in each case all customary derivatives, such as the esters and salts, and isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular the commercially available form or forms.
  • the common name denotes an ester or salt
  • this in each case also comprises all other customary derivatives, such as other esters and salts, the free acids and neutral compounds, and isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular the commercially available form or forms.
  • the given chemical compound names denote at least one of the compounds embraced by the common name, frequently a preferred compound.
  • salts also include the salts formed by exchanging a hydrogen atom on the sulfonamide group by a cation.
  • the salts of compounds used in the context of the present invention may be used in the form of the respective alkali metal salts, alkaline earth salts or ammonium salts, preferably in the form of the respective alkali metal salts, more preferably in the form of the respective sodium or potassium salts, most preferably in the form of the respective sodium salts.
  • Flufenacet (IUPAC-Name: 4'-fluoro-N-isopropyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yloxy]acetanilide, CAS Reg. No. 142459-58-3) is described for example in EP 0 348 737 Al and US 4,968,342 A.
  • Diflufenican (IUPAC-Name: 2',4'-difluoro-2-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyloxy)nicotinanilide, CAS Reg. No. 83164- 33-4) is described for example in EP 0 053 011 Al and US 4,618,366 A.
  • WO 94/02014 A2 and US 5,759,955 A relate to herbicide combinations of certain heterocyclic aryloxyacetamides and a further herbicide. Therein, inter alia the combination of flufenacet and diflufenican are described.
  • WO 2007/112834 A2 relates to herbicidal compositions as dispersion comprising diflufenican and flurtamone.
  • aqueous dispersion comprising diflufenican, flurtamone and flufenacet are disclosed.
  • the herbicide combinations as defined herein or the composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein comprise a herbicidally effective amount of said herbicide combination and may comprise further components, for example agrochemically active compounds of a different type and/or formulation auxiliaires and/or additives customary in crop protection, or they may be employed together with these.
  • the herbicide combinations as defined herein or the composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein may be applied as a split application over time.
  • Another possibility is the application of the individual herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or the herbicide combinations in a plurality of portions (sequential application), for example after pre-emergence applications, followed by post-emergence applications or after early post-emergence applications, followed by applications at medium or late post-emergence.
  • a nearly simultaneous application of the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein means that the herbicide (i) flufenacet and the herbicide (ii) diflufenican are all applied within 24 hours, preferably within 12 hours, more preferably within 6 hours, even more preferably within 3 hours.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein are used together, i.e. at the same time.
  • a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein is used.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention are only used once per season. It was found that one application per season of the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or of a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is sufficient to achieve the effects described in the context of the present invention, in particular regarding herbicidal activity (above aspects (a) and (b)) and/or the selectivity / compatibility (above aspect (c)).
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is applied once, twice or three times per Gregorian calendar year, i.e. in one application, in two applications or in three applications per year according to the Gregorian calendar.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is applied one time per Gregorian calendar year, i.e. in one application per year according to the Gregorian calendar.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is applied one time in about 12 months, i.e. in one application in about 12 months.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein may be used in pre-emergence applications and/or in post-emergence applications.
  • the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein are used in pre-emergence applications.
  • the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican preferably is in the following ranges:
  • flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 10 : 1 to 1 : 3, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
  • the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
  • flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 8 : 1 to 1 : 2, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
  • the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
  • flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 6 : 1 to 1 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
  • the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
  • flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 5 : 1 to 2 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
  • the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
  • flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 5 : 1 to 3 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
  • the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and
  • diflufenican is in the following ranges: (i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 4.5 : 1 to 3.5 : 1, even more preferably said ratio by weight is about 4 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
  • the preferred application rates [indicated as g a.i./ha, i.e. grams of active ingredient per hectare] of the herbicides used in the context of the present invention as defined herein are as follows:
  • the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican does not exceed 1000 g a.i./ha, preferably is equal to or less than 800 g a.i./ha, and more preferably is in the range of from 60 to 750 g a.i./ha.
  • Flufenacet is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 50 to 600 g a.i./ha, more preferably at a rate in the range of 100 to 500 g a.i./ha, even more preferably at a rate in the range of 150 to 400 g a.i./ha, particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 175 to 350 g a.i./ha.
  • Diflufenican is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 10 to 150 g a.i./ha, more preferably at a rate in the range of 25 to 150 g a.i./ha, even more preferably at a rate in the range of 40 to 100 g a.i./ha, particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 45 to 90 g a.i./ha.
  • herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein can be used together with other agrochemically active compounds, for example from the group of the safeners, fungicides, insecticides, other herbicides and other plant growth regulators, or with formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
  • Additives are, for example, fertilizers and colorants. Preference is in each case given to the ratios by weight mentioned above for flufenacet and diflufenican, and the application rates or the application rate ranges mentioned above for flufenacet and diflufenican.
  • Ageratum conyzoide Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternenthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalansis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus.
  • weed species occurring in cassava fields in Nigeria are (grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds): Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Talinum triangulare.
  • a relevant parasitic weed species occurring in cassava fields is Cuscuta australis.
  • the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein have an outstanding herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important harmful monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, particularly in cassava.
  • controlling denotes a significant reduction of the growth of the harmful plant(s) in comparison to the untreated harmful plants.
  • the growth of the harmful plant(s) is essentially diminished (60-79%), more preferably the growth of the harmful plant(s) is largely or fully suppressed (80-100%), and in particular the growth of the harmful plant(s) is almost fully or fully suppressed (90-100%).
  • the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altemanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Si
  • the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altemanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp.
  • the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portula
  • the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portula
  • examples may be mentioned of some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora which can be controlled by the combinations according to the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Ageratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum
  • the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group consisting oiAgeratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum
  • the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group consisting oiAgeratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum tri
  • the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group consisting oiAgeratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum tri
  • a herbicide combination used according to the present invention or if a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention is applied to the soil surface before germination, then the weed seedlings are either prevented completely from emerging, or the weeds grow until they have reached the cotyledon stage but then their growth stops, and, eventually, after three to four weeks have elapsed, they die completely.
  • a herbicide combination used according to the present invention or if a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention is applied post-emergence to the green parts of the plants, growth likewise stops drastically a very short time after the treatment and the weed plants remain at the growth stage of the point of time of application, or they die completely after a certain time, so that in this manner competition by the weeds, which is harmful to the crop plants, is eliminated at a very early point in time and in a sustained manner.
  • the use of a herbicide combination used according to the present invention and the use of a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention is characterized by a rapidly commencing and long-lasting herbicidal action.
  • application rates may be reduced, a broader spectrum of broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds maybe controlled, the herbicidal action may take place more rapidly, the duration of action may be longer, the harmful plants may be controlled better while using only one, or few, applications, and the application period which is possible to be extended.
  • the herbicide combinations according to the present invention have an outstanding herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, the crop plants are damaged only to a minor extent, if at all.
  • some of the compositions according to the present invention have outstanding growth-regulatory properties on the crop plants. They engage in the plants' metabolism in a regulatory manner and can thus be employed for provoking directed effects on plant constituents and to facilitate harvesting such as for example by triggering desiccation and stunted growth.
  • they are also suitable for the general control and inhibition of undesired vegetative growth without simultaneously destroying the plants.
  • An inhibition of vegetative growth is very important in a large number of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops since yield losses as a result of lodging can thus be reduced, or prevented completely.
  • compositions according to the present invention can be employed for controlling harmful plants in genetically modified crop plants or crop plants obtained by mutation/selection.
  • crop plants are distinguished as a rule by particular, advantageous properties, such as resistances to herbicidal compositions or resistances to plant diseases or causative agents of plant diseases such as particular insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses.
  • advantageous properties relate, for example, to the harvested material with regard to quantity, quality, storability, composition and specific constituents.
  • transgenic plants are known whose starch content is increased or whose starch quality is altered, or those where the harvested material has a different fatty acid composition.
  • the tuberous root crop plants can also have been genetically modified or been obtained by mutation selection.
  • WO 97/44473 Al relates to transforming and producing cassava plant (protoplasts).
  • WO 92/05259 Al descibes transgenic plants having modified carbohydrate content, inter alia cassava plants.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of controlling undesired vegetation (e.g. harmful plants) in tuberous root crop plants, which comprises applying a herbicide combination and compositions as defined in the context of the present invention or applying a composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention, for example by the pre-emergence method, by the post-emergence method or by the pre-emergence and the post-emergence method, to the plants, for example harmful plants, parts of these plants, plant seeds or the area where the plants grow, for example the area under cultivation.
  • a herbicide combination and compositions as defined in the context of the present invention or applying a composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention, for example by the pre-emergence method, by the post-emergence method or by the pre-emergence and the post-emergence method, to the plants, for example harmful plants, parts of these plants, plant seeds or the area where the plants grow, for example the area under cultivation.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling undesired plant growth, and/or controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or regulating plant growth in tuberous root crop plants, comprising the step of applying a combination of herbicides or a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined hereinabove onto the tuberous root crop plants, parts of tuberous root crop plants, seeds of tuberous root crop plants, the area where the tuberous root crop plants grow or the area where the tuberous root crop plants are intended to grow.
  • the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea), more preferably the tuberous root crop plant is cassava ⁇ Manihot esculenta).
  • the present invention relates to a method according to the present invention as defined above, wherein one, several, or all harmful plants as mentioned above are controlled.
  • the present invention relates to a method according to the present invention as defined abov, wherein the tuberous root crop plants have been genetically modified, preferably said tuberous root crop plants are transgenic plants or obtained by mutation/selection.
  • the herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the present invention can not only be used as mixed formulations, if appropriate together with further agrochemically active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation auxiliaries, which are then applied in the customary manner as a dilution with water, but also as so-called tank mixes by jointly diluting the separately formulated, or partially separately formulated, components with water.
  • the herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the present invention and the compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention can be formulated in various ways, depending on the prevailing biological and/or chemical-physical parameters.
  • the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention are used in the context of the present invention in the form of aqueous dispersions, preferably aqueous dispersions as disclosed in WO 2007/112834 A2, wherein more preferably additionally the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican preferably is in the ranges defined above in the context of the preferred, more preferred or particularly preferred or most preferred embodiments.
  • combinations with other agrochemically active substances such as other herbicides not belonging to constituents (i) and (ii) as defined in the context of the present invention, fungicides or insecticides, and with safeners, fertilizers and/or growth regulators, may also be prepared, for example in the form of a readymix or a tank mix.
  • Wettable powders are products which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, besides the active compound, also comprise ionic or nonionic surfactants (wetters, dispersants), for example polyoxethylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols or fatty amines, alkanesulfonates or alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium 2,2'-dinaphthylmethane-6,6'-disulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate or else sodium oleoylmethyltauride, in addition to a diluent or inert material.
  • ionic or nonionic surfactants for example polyoxethylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols or fatty amines, alkanesulfonates or alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate
  • Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared by dissolving the active compound in an organic solvent, for example butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers).
  • organic solvent for example butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers).
  • emulsifiers which may be used are: calcium salts of alkylarylsulfonic acids, such as calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl poly ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxethylene sorbitol esters.
  • alkylarylsulfonic acids such as calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate
  • nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl poly ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbit
  • Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely divided solid materials, for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
  • finely divided solid materials for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
  • SC Suspension concentrates
  • SC can be water- or oil-based. They can be prepared, for example, by wet grinding by means of commercially available bead mills and, if appropriate, addition of further surfactants as they have already been mentioned for example above in the case of the other formulation types.
  • Emulsions for example oil-in-water emulsions (EW)
  • EW oil-in-water emulsions
  • Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinites or granulated inert material with the aid of binders, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or else mineral oils.
  • Suitable active compounds may also be granulated in the manner conventionally used for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired in a mixture with fertilizers.
  • water-dispersible granules are prepared by customary processes such as spray drying, fluidized-bed granulation, disk granulation, mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material.
  • the agrochemical formulations comprise 1 to 95% by weight, of active compounds, the following concentrations being customary, depending on the type of formulation:
  • the active compound concentration in wettable powders is, for example, approximately 10 to 95% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight being composed of customary formulation constituents. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active compound concentration may amount to, for example, 5 to 80% by weight.
  • Formulations in the form of dusts comprise, in most cases, 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, sprayable solutions approximately 0.2 to 25% by weight of active compound.
  • the active compound content depends partly on whether the active compound is present in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaries and fillers are being used. As a rule, the content amounts to between 10 and 90% by weight in the case of the water-dispersible granules.
  • the abovementioned active compound formulations may comprise, if appropriate, the conventional adhesives, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, solvents, fillers, colorants, carriers, antifoams, evaporation inhibitors, pH regulators or viscosity regulators.
  • the herbicidal action of the herbicide combinations according to the present invention can be improved, for example, by surfactants, preferably by wetters from the group of the fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers.
  • the fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers preferable contain 10 - 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol radical and 2 - 20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether moiety.
  • the fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers can be nonionic or ionic, for example in the form of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers sulfates, which can be used, for example, as alkali metal salts (e.g.
  • Nonionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are, for example, (Cio-Cis)-, preferably (Cio-Ci4)-fatty alkohol polyglycol ethers containing 2 - 20, preferably 3 - 15, ethylene oxide units (e.g. isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether), for example from the Genapol ® series, such as Genapol ® X-030, Genapol ® X-060, Genapol ® X-080 or Genapol ® X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH).
  • Genapol ® series such as Genapol ® X-030, Genapol ® X-060, Genapol ® X-080 or Genapol ® X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH).
  • the present invention furthermore embraces the combination of herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined above with the wetting agents mentioned above from the group of the fatty alcohol polyglycolethers which preferably contain 10 - 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol radical and 2 - 20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether moiety and which can be present in nonionic or ionic form (for example as fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates).
  • C Cw-fatty alcohol diglycol ether sulfate sodium (Genapol ® LRO, Clariant); and isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether with 3 - 15 ethylene oxide units, for example from the Genapol ® X series, such as Genapol ® X-030, Genapol ® X-060, Genapol ® X-080 or Genapol ® X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH).
  • fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for example fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable for use as penetrants and activity enhancers for a number of other herbicides, inter alia also for herbicides from the group of the imidazolinones (see, for example, EP-A-0502014).
  • fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for example fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable as penetrants and synergists for a number of other herbicides, inter alia also herbicides from the group of the imidazolinones; (see, for example, EP-A-0502014).
  • the herbicidal effect of the herbicide combinations according to the present invention can also be increased using vegetable oils.
  • vegetable oils is to be understood as meaning oils from oil-plant species, such as soya oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, safflower oil or castor oil, in particular rapeseed oil, and their transesterification products, for example alkyl esters, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl ester.
  • oil-plant species such as soya oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, safflower oil or castor oil, in particular rapeseed oil, and their transesterification products, for example alkyl esters, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl ester.
  • the vegetable oils are preferably esters of C10-C22-, preferably C12-C20- fatty acids.
  • the Cio-C22-fatty acid esters are, for example, esters of unsaturated or saturated Cio-C22-fatty acids, in particular those with an even number of carbon atoms, for example erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and, in particular, Ci8-fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid.
  • Preferred Ci-C2o-alkyl-Cio-C22-fatty acid esters are the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-ethylhexyl and dodecyl esters.
  • Preferred glycol- and glycerol-Cio-C22-fatty acid esters are the uniform or mixed glycol esters and glycerol esters of Cio-C22-fatty acids, in particular those fatty acids which have an even number of carbon atoms, for example erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and, in particular, Ci8-fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid or linolenic acid.
  • the vegetable oils can be present in the herbicidal compositions according to the present invention for example in the form of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil such as Hasten ® (Victorian Chemical Company, Australia, hereinbelow termed Hasten, main constituent: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob ® B (Novance, France, hereinbelow termed ActirobB, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol ® (Bayer AG, Germany, termed Rako-Binol hereinbelow, main constituent: rapeseed oil), Renol ® (Stefes, Germany, termed Renol hereinbelow, vegetable oil constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), or Stefes Mero ® (Stefes, Germany, hereinbelow termed Mero, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester).
  • Hasten Vanic
  • the present invention embraces the combination of a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention with the vegetable oils mentioned above.
  • the present invention embraces the use of compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention comprising the vegetable oils mentioned above, such as rapeseed oil, preferably in the form of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil such as Hasten ® (Victorian Chemical Company, Australia, hereinbelow termed Hasten, main constituent: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob ® B (Novance, France, hereinbelow termed ActirobB, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol ® (Bayer AG, Germany, termed Rako-Binol hereinbelow, main constituent: rapeseed oil), Renol ® (Stefes, Germany, termed Renol
  • the formulations which are present in commercially available form, are optionally diluted in the customary manner, for example using water in the case of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions and water-dispersible granules. Preparations in the form of dusts, soil granules, granules for broadcasting and sprayable solutions are usually not diluted further with other inert substances prior to use.
  • the active compounds can be applied to the plants, parts of the plants, seeds of the plants or the area under cultivation (soil of a field), preferably to the green plants and parts of the plants and, if appropriate, additionally to the soil of the field.
  • a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention has the advantage of being easier to apply, and the quantities of the components are advantageously already presented in the correct ratio to each other. Moreover, the adjuvants in the formulation can be matched optimally to each other.
  • Product PI contained 400 g/L of (i) flufenacet and 100 g/L of (ii) diflufenican, and was a suspension concentrate (SC formulation), density 1.19 kg/L.
  • Table 1 shows the respective total weed control ratings for the different products tested in pre-emergence 42, 49 and 56 days after treatment, respectively.
  • the total weed control takes into account the control of broad-leaved species, grasses and sedges.
  • the control of grasses 42, 49 and 56 days after treatment was 90% in each case. Weed control was always assessed in comparison to the weed control of a corresponding untreated control plot.
  • Digitaria horizontalis Digitaria horizontalis , Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Panicum maximum, Tridax procumbens, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Ipomea triloba.
  • Table 2 shows the plant growth regulating effects of product PI (herbicide composition used in accordance with the present invention) on cassava crop plants after harvest relative to hoe-weeded cassava crop plants (as reference).
  • the plant growth regulating effects were measured as the respective fresh root cassava yields, in each case as perecentage in comparison to the fresh root cassava yield of hoe- weeded cassava crop plants as reference (defined as 100%).
  • Table 1 Ratings of the total weed control in plots treated pre-emergence with the product PI 42 days, 49 days, and 56 days after treatment
  • Table 2 Plant growth regulating effects of product PI on tuberous root crop plants indicated as fresh root yield

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention primarily relates to the use of herbicide combinations comprising (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican or of a composition comprising such herbicide combinations for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, preferably in cassava. The present invention also relates to the use of said specific herbicide combinations or of a composition comprising said specific herbicide combinations as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a corresponding method of controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants and to a corresponding method of regulating plant growth of tuberous root crop plants.

Description

Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
The present invention primarily relates to the use of herbicide combinations comprising (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican or of a composition comprising such herbicide combinations for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, preferably in cassava. The present invention also relates to the use of said specific herbicide combinations or of a composition comprising said specific herbicide combinations as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a corresponding method of controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants and to a corresponding method of regulating plant growth of tuberous root crop plants.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of carbohydrate for several hundred million people, mainly in Africa and to some extent in Asia and Latin America. In Africa, yields of cassava are generally comparatively low, which to a large extent is due to effects of weed competition or to uncontrolled or unsufficiently controlled weed growth. Hoe-weeding still is a common practice among cassava farmers.
The Proceedings of the 11th ISRTC-AB, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic Congo, 4-8 October 2010, pages 269- 275 report on the evaluation of commercially available herbicides for weed control in cassava. The treatments there comprised pre-emergent herbicides employing such as chloroacetanilide, prometryn or S-metolachlor.
In the Crop recommendation #17 of the Ministry of Agriculture of Barbados the following herbicides for weed control in cassava are mentioned: paraquat (optionally mixed with diquat), glyphosate, sulfosate, pendimethalin, metolachlor, fluazifop-butyl, sethoxydim or propaquizafop.
CN102428919A teaches a postemergence cassava field herbicide with mesotrion as an active component. CN103392724A suggests the use of a ternary herbicide composition as cassava field herbicide with the active components of halosulfuron, oxyfluorfen and an amide herbicide selected from the group of butachlor, propisochlor and metolachlor.
GB 1,028,976 discloses a process for the treatment of plants with storage organs, for example cassava, sweet potato or yam, which comprises spraying the plants with a substituted benzoic acid herbicide in a specific time fram before harvest. There, herbicides like (optionally further substituted) di-, tri- or tetrachlorobenzoic acids are preferred.
African Crop Science Journal 1994, 519-530 reports on weeds and their control in cassava. There, mainly the following herbicides were tested: metobromuron, fluometuron, prometryn (optionally in combination with ametryne), terbutryn, paraquat and diuron. Planta Daninha, 2010, 28(4), 807-816 describes the application of different herbicdes on weeds in cassava. Inter alia the effects of herbicides like diuron, metribuzin, isoxaflutole, atrazine, ametryn, and several combinations comprising said herbicides are reported therein on two cassava varieties grown in the state of Parana, Brazil.
In their application, herbicidal crop protection agents (herbicides) known to date for controlling harmful plants or unwanted vegetation in tuberous root crop plants have some disadvantages, be it (a) that they have no or else insufficient herbicidal activity against specific harmful plants, (b) that the spectrum of hanriful plants which can be controlled with the herbicides is not broad enough, and/or (c) that the selectivity of herbicides in and the compatibility with tuberous root crop plants is too low, thereby causing unwanted damage and/or unwanted reduced harvest yields of the tuberous root crops. Overall, the herbicidal activity (above aspects (a) and (b)) and/or the selectivity / compatibility (above aspect (c)) of the herbicides used so far in tuberous root crop plants still allow improvement.
For the reasons mentioned above, there still is a need for alternative, highly active herbicides or herbicidal compositions for the selective application for controlling harmful plants or unwanted vegetation in tuberous root crop plants. Surprisingly, it has now been found that certain herbicide combinations or compositions comprising said herbicide combinations exhibit the desired herbicidal activity and are able to selectively control harmful plants or unwanted vegetation in tuberous root crop plants.
The present invention primarily relates to the use of a combination of herbicides (herbicide combination) or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides (herbicide combination) - for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or as plant growth regulators in tuberous root crop plants, wherein said combination of herbicides comprises or consists of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican.
The present invention further releates to the use of a composition as defined herein in the context of the present invention which additionally comprises one or more further components selected from the group consisting of formulation auxiliaries, additives customary in crop protection, and further agrochemically active compounds (i.e. agrochemically active compounds different from components (i) and (ii) as defined above, i.e. agrochemically active compounds other than (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican).
However, when a combination of herbicides used in the context of the present invention consists of herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican, this means that in such a case the combination of herbicides used in the context of the present invention or the composition comprising said combination of herbicides used in the context of the present invention does not contain any further (i.e. no additional) herbicidal active ingredient, and preferably does not contain any further agrochemically active compound.
In this context, the term "further herbicidal active ingredient" and "further agrochemically active compound" refers to the herbicides and agrochemically active compounds (pesticides), respectively, listed in "The Pesticide Manual", 16th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2012 other than flufenacet and diflufenican.
The herbicide combinations and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention not only exhibit an excellent herbicidal activity in controlling harmful plants or unwanted vegetation in tuberous root crop plants, but also show compatibility with tuberous root crop plants, i.e. said herbicides do not cause significant damage (like phytotoxicity) and/or unwanted reduced harvest yields of the tuberous root crops.
The herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention allow excellent (total) weed control at an agronomically acceptable level of damage of the tuberous root crop plants. Further, the type of damage observed with the herbicide combinations and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention is not noticeably harmful, and the tuberous root crop plants affected largely or fully recover from said type of damage. For example, in the biological examples hereinbelow, no phytotoxicity effects were observed after treatment of the cassava plants with a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention.
Further, the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention can be used as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava, thereby increasing harvest yields tuberous root crop plants (in particular the weight of the tuberous root) and/or increasing the plant growth of the tuberous root crop plants (in particular the growth of the leaves of the tuberous root crop plants), in each case in comparison to tuberous root crop plants not treated with herbicides (untreated control).
The present invention preferably relates to the use of a combination of herbicides or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined in the context of the present invention, wherein the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea), more preferably wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava {Manihot esculenta). The herbicides used in the context of the present invention are known per se, and described inter alia in "The Pesticide Manual", 16th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2012 and the literature cited therein. The herbicides used in the context of the present invention are described in more detail hereinbelow. The herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention and also certain compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention as such are known. The herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention and also certain compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention are commercially available.
Tuberous roots (also called root tubers) are perennating organs, thickened roots that store nutrients over periods when the plant cannot actively grow, thus permitting survival from one year to the next.
Tubers should not be confused with tuberous roots. Tubers are modified shoots, whereas tuberous roots are modified roots.
A tuberous root is a modified lateral root, enlarged to function as a storage organ. The enlarged area of the root- tuber, or storage root, can be produced at the end or middle of a root or involve the entire root. It is thus different in origin but similar in function and appearance to a stem tuber. Examples of plants with notable tuberous roots include the sweet potato, cassava, yam and dahlia.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), also called manioc, yuca, balinghoy or kamoteng kahoy (in the Philippines), tabolchu (in Northeast India), mogo (in Africa), mandioca, tapioca-root, kappa (predominantly in India) and manioc root, a woody shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge) family native to South America, is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Cassava, when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its fermented, flaky version is named garri.
Cassava is the third largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. Cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people. It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while Thailand is the largest exporting country of dried cassava.
Cassava grows poorly in weedy fields and consequently produces fewer and smaller storage roots.
Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae) that form edible tubers. These are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania. There are many cultivars of yam. Although some varieties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) are also called am in parts of the United States and Canada, it is not part of the family Dioscoreaceae. Yams are monocotyledons, related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yam tubers vary in size from that of a small potato to over 60 kilograms. There are over 600 varieties of yams and 95 percent of these crops are grown in Africa.
According to the present invention the expression "composition" includes compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein, and can be used in various acceptable or agronomically typical forms and formulations, for example in a single "ready-mix" form.
The herbicides (i) and (ii) used in the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention and the compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention may be a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a "tank- mix", or said composition can be a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours (and preferably less than 24 hours).
The herbicides (i) and (ii) used in the herbicide combinations used in the context of the present invention include all stereoisomers and their mixtures, in particular also racemic mixtures and - if enantiomers are possible - the respective biologically active enantiomer.
If, in the context of this description, the short form of the common name of an active compound is used, this includes in each case all customary derivatives, such as the esters and salts, and isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular the commercially available form or forms. If the common name denotes an ester or salt, this in each case also comprises all other customary derivatives, such as other esters and salts, the free acids and neutral compounds, and isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular the commercially available form or forms. The given chemical compound names denote at least one of the compounds embraced by the common name, frequently a preferred compound. In the case of sulfonamides such as sulfonylureas, salts also include the salts formed by exchanging a hydrogen atom on the sulfonamide group by a cation.
The salts of compounds used in the context of the present invention may be used in the form of the respective alkali metal salts, alkaline earth salts or ammonium salts, preferably in the form of the respective alkali metal salts, more preferably in the form of the respective sodium or potassium salts, most preferably in the form of the respective sodium salts.
Flufenacet (IUPAC-Name: 4'-fluoro-N-isopropyl-2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yloxy]acetanilide, CAS Reg. No. 142459-58-3) is described for example in EP 0 348 737 Al and US 4,968,342 A.
Diflufenican (IUPAC-Name: 2',4'-difluoro-2-(a,a,a-trifluoro-m-tolyloxy)nicotinanilide, CAS Reg. No. 83164- 33-4) is described for example in EP 0 053 011 Al and US 4,618,366 A. WO 94/02014 A2 and US 5,759,955 A relate to herbicide combinations of certain heterocyclic aryloxyacetamides and a further herbicide. Therein, inter alia the combination of flufenacet and diflufenican are described.
WO 2007/112834 A2 relates to herbicidal compositions as dispersion comprising diflufenican and flurtamone. Therein, inter alia aqueous dispersion comprising diflufenican, flurtamone and flufenacet are disclosed.
In accordance with the present invention, the herbicide combinations as defined herein or the composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein comprise a herbicidally effective amount of said herbicide combination and may comprise further components, for example agrochemically active compounds of a different type and/or formulation auxiliaires and/or additives customary in crop protection, or they may be employed together with these.
In accordance with the present invention, the herbicide combinations as defined herein or the composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein may be applied as a split application over time. Another possibility is the application of the individual herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or the herbicide combinations in a plurality of portions (sequential application), for example after pre-emergence applications, followed by post-emergence applications or after early post-emergence applications, followed by applications at medium or late post-emergence.
Preferred is the simultaneous or nearly simultaneous application of the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein. In the latter context, a nearly simultaneous application of the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein means that the herbicide (i) flufenacet and the herbicide (ii) diflufenican are all applied within 24 hours, preferably within 12 hours, more preferably within 6 hours, even more preferably within 3 hours.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein are used together, i.e. at the same time. Thus, in a particularly preferred embodiment a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein is used.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention are only used once per season. It was found that one application per season of the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or of a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is sufficient to achieve the effects described in the context of the present invention, in particular regarding herbicidal activity (above aspects (a) and (b)) and/or the selectivity / compatibility (above aspect (c)).
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is applied once, twice or three times per Gregorian calendar year, i.e. in one application, in two applications or in three applications per year according to the Gregorian calendar.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is applied one time per Gregorian calendar year, i.e. in one application per year according to the Gregorian calendar.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the present invention is applied one time in about 12 months, i.e. in one application in about 12 months.
The effects observed when using the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein allow a more potent herbicidal action, the control of hitherto uncontrolable species (activity gaps), an extended application period and/or a reduced number of required individual applications and - as a result for the user - more advantageous weed control systems both from an economical and ecological point of view.
As already mentioned above, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein may be used in pre-emergence applications and/or in post-emergence applications.
Preferaby, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein are used in pre-emergence applications.
In the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican preferably is in the following ranges:
(i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 10 : 1 to 1 : 3, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
More preferably, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
(i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 8 : 1 to 1 : 2, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides. Even more preferably, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
(i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 6 : 1 to 1 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
Particularly preferably, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
(i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 5 : 1 to 2 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
Most preferably, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges:
(i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 5 : 1 to 3 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and
(ii) diflufenican is in the following ranges: (i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 4.5 : 1 to 3.5 : 1, even more preferably said ratio by weight is about 4 : 1, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
The preferred application rates [indicated as g a.i./ha, i.e. grams of active ingredient per hectare] of the herbicides used in the context of the present invention as defined herein are as follows: In all of the above-mentioned embodiments, preferably the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican does not exceed 1000 g a.i./ha, preferably is equal to or less than 800 g a.i./ha, and more preferably is in the range of from 60 to 750 g a.i./ha. Flufenacet is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 50 to 600 g a.i./ha, more preferably at a rate in the range of 100 to 500 g a.i./ha, even more preferably at a rate in the range of 150 to 400 g a.i./ha, particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 175 to 350 g a.i./ha.
Diflufenican is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 10 to 150 g a.i./ha, more preferably at a rate in the range of 25 to 150 g a.i./ha, even more preferably at a rate in the range of 40 to 100 g a.i./ha, particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 45 to 90 g a.i./ha.
Furthermore, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein can be used together with other agrochemically active compounds, for example from the group of the safeners, fungicides, insecticides, other herbicides and other plant growth regulators, or with formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection. Additives are, for example, fertilizers and colorants. Preference is in each case given to the ratios by weight mentioned above for flufenacet and diflufenican, and the application rates or the application rate ranges mentioned above for flufenacet and diflufenican.
The most important and most noxious weed species in cassava fields in Colombia reported are (African Crop Science Journal 1994, 519-530): Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn, Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv., Melinis ninutiflora Beauv., Sida acuta Burm F., Cyperus rotundus L., Commelina diffusa Burm F. sub-species diffuse J.K. Morton, Ageratum conyzoides L. and Portulaca oleraceae L., Cyperus rotundus L (purple nutsedge), Rottboellia exaltata (Lour) Clayton (Raoul grass), Sorghum halepense L. Pers (Johnson grass) and Ipomoea sp. (morning glory).
In Nigeria, broad-leaved species were the most frequent weeds in all areas, averaging 71-78% of all the species recorded. Only 17-19% of the weed species present were grasses and 4-7% were sedges. Five weed species, namely, Ageratum conyzoides L., Alternenthera sessilis L. R. Br. ex Roth, Mimosa invisa Mart, Digitaria horizontalis Willd, and Panicum maximum Jacq occurred in the entire area surveyed.
In south western Nigeria it was observed that annual weeds, especially broad-leaved weeds, were the most common in cassava, and the prevalent species were Euphorbia hirta L. and Talinum triangulate Willd. African Crop Science Journal 1994, Vol. 2. No.4, pp. 519-530 summarizes the ten most common weed species in cassava fields in Umuahia, southern Nigeria:
Ageratum conyzoide, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternenthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalansis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus. Further relevant weed species occurring in cassava fields in Nigeria are (grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds): Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Talinum triangulare.
A relevant parasitic weed species occurring in cassava fields (for example in Nigeria) is Cuscuta australis. The combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein have an outstanding herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important harmful monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, particularly in cassava.
In the context of the present invention "controlling" denotes a significant reduction of the growth of the harmful plant(s) in comparison to the untreated harmful plants. Preferably, the growth of the harmful plant(s) is essentially diminished (60-79%), more preferably the growth of the harmful plant(s) is largely or fully suppressed (80-100%), and in particular the growth of the harmful plant(s) is almost fully or fully suppressed (90-100%).
Preferably, the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altemanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhenia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Eleusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vernonia spp., Cleome spp., Crotalaria spp., Kyllinga spp., Corchorus spp., Ipomoea spp., Mitracarpus spp., Melanthera spp., Centrosema spp., Emilia spp., Croton spp., Phyllanthus spp., Passiflora spp., Axonopus spp., Oldenlandia spp., Schwenckia spp., Acalypha spp., Solenostemon spp., Celosia spp., Indigofera spp., Heterotis spp., Acmella spp., Leucaena spp., Boerhavia spp., Spermacoce spp., Oplismenus spp., and Fimbristylis spp.
In a preferred aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altemanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhenia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Eleusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vernonia spp., and Cleome spp.. Particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vernonia spp., and Cleome spp..
More particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., and Boerhaavia spp..
Specifically, examples may be mentioned of some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora which can be controlled by the combinations according to the present invention.
In a more specific aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Ageratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbata, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vernonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, Cuscuta australis, Corchorus olitorius, Mitracarpus villosus, Melanthera scandens, Centrosema pubescens, Emilia coccinea, Croton hirtus, Phyllanthus amarus, Corchorus trilocularis , Passiflora foetida, Ipomoea involucrate, Axonopus compressus, Oldenlandia corymbosa, Acalypha ciliata, Schwenckia americana, Solenostemon monostachyus, Celosia trigyna, Indigofera hirsute, Heterotis rotundifolia, Acmella brachyglossa, Leucaena leucocephala, Boerhavia diffusa, Spermacoce ocymoides, Oplismenus burmannii, Fimbristylis littoralis, Cyperus iris, and Kyllinga erecta. In a more preferred aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group consisting oiAgeratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbata, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vernonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, and Cuscuta australis.
Particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group consisting oiAgeratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vernonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, and Cuscuta australis.
More particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or all harmful plants selected from the group consisting oiAgeratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta and Cuscuta australis.
Inter alia excellent efficacy in controlling of the following weeds was observed (see also biological example below): Digitaria horizontalis, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Panicum maximum, Tridax procumbens, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Ipomea triloba.
If a herbicide combination used according to the present invention or if a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention is applied to the soil surface before germination, then the weed seedlings are either prevented completely from emerging, or the weeds grow until they have reached the cotyledon stage but then their growth stops, and, eventually, after three to four weeks have elapsed, they die completely.
If a herbicide combination used according to the present invention or if a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention is applied post-emergence to the green parts of the plants, growth likewise stops drastically a very short time after the treatment and the weed plants remain at the growth stage of the point of time of application, or they die completely after a certain time, so that in this manner competition by the weeds, which is harmful to the crop plants, is eliminated at a very early point in time and in a sustained manner.
The use of a herbicide combination used according to the present invention and the use of a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention is characterized by a rapidly commencing and long-lasting herbicidal action. In particular when the herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the present invention and the compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention are employed application rates may be reduced, a broader spectrum of broad-leaved weeds and grass weeds maybe controlled, the herbicidal action may take place more rapidly, the duration of action may be longer, the harmful plants may be controlled better while using only one, or few, applications, and the application period which is possible to be extended.
The abovementioned properties and advantages are of benefit for weed control practice to keep agricultural crops free from undesired competing plants and thus to safeguard and/or increase the yields from the qualitative and quantitative point of view. These novel combinations markedly exceed the technical state of the art with a view to the properties described.
While the herbicide combinations according to the present invention have an outstanding herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, the crop plants are damaged only to a minor extent, if at all. Moreover, some of the compositions according to the present invention have outstanding growth-regulatory properties on the crop plants. They engage in the plants' metabolism in a regulatory manner and can thus be employed for provoking directed effects on plant constituents and to facilitate harvesting such as for example by triggering desiccation and stunted growth. Moreover, they are also suitable for the general control and inhibition of undesired vegetative growth without simultaneously destroying the plants. An inhibition of vegetative growth is very important in a large number of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops since yield losses as a result of lodging can thus be reduced, or prevented completely.
Owing to their herbicidal and plant-growth-regulatory properties, the compositions according to the present invention can be employed for controlling harmful plants in genetically modified crop plants or crop plants obtained by mutation/selection. These crop plants are distinguished as a rule by particular, advantageous properties, such as resistances to herbicidal compositions or resistances to plant diseases or causative agents of plant diseases such as particular insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses. Other particular properties relate, for example, to the harvested material with regard to quantity, quality, storability, composition and specific constituents. Thus, for example, transgenic plants are known whose starch content is increased or whose starch quality is altered, or those where the harvested material has a different fatty acid composition. The tuberous root crop plants can also have been genetically modified or been obtained by mutation selection. For example, WO 97/44473 Al relates to transforming and producing cassava plant (protoplasts). WO 92/05259 Al descibes transgenic plants having modified carbohydrate content, inter alia cassava plants.
The present invention also relates to a method of controlling undesired vegetation (e.g. harmful plants) in tuberous root crop plants, which comprises applying a herbicide combination and compositions as defined in the context of the present invention or applying a composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention, for example by the pre-emergence method, by the post-emergence method or by the pre-emergence and the post-emergence method, to the plants, for example harmful plants, parts of these plants, plant seeds or the area where the plants grow, for example the area under cultivation. Thus, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling undesired plant growth, and/or controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or regulating plant growth in tuberous root crop plants, comprising the step of applying a combination of herbicides or a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined hereinabove onto the tuberous root crop plants, parts of tuberous root crop plants, seeds of tuberous root crop plants, the area where the tuberous root crop plants grow or the area where the tuberous root crop plants are intended to grow.
Preferably, in a method according to the present invention as defined above , the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea), more preferably the tuberous root crop plant is cassava {Manihot esculenta). In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method according to the present invention as defined above, wherein one, several, or all harmful plants as mentioned above are controlled.
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method according to the present invention as defined abov, wherein the tuberous root crop plants have been genetically modified, preferably said tuberous root crop plants are transgenic plants or obtained by mutation/selection. As already mentioned above, the herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the present invention can not only be used as mixed formulations, if appropriate together with further agrochemically active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation auxiliaries, which are then applied in the customary manner as a dilution with water, but also as so-called tank mixes by jointly diluting the separately formulated, or partially separately formulated, components with water. The herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the present invention and the compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention can be formulated in various ways, depending on the prevailing biological and/or chemical-physical parameters. The following are examples of general possibilities for formulations: wettable powders (WP), water-soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates (EC), aqueous solutions (SL), emulsions (EW) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, suspension concentrates (SC), oil dispersions (OD), oil- or water-based dispersions, suspoemulsions, dusts (DP), seed-dressing materials, granules for soil application or for broadcasting, or water-dispersible granules (WG), ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes.
Preferably, the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the present invention and or the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the present invention are used in the context of the present invention in the form of aqueous dispersions, preferably aqueous dispersions as disclosed in WO 2007/112834 A2, wherein more preferably additionally the ratio by weight of the total amount of the herbicides (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican preferably is in the ranges defined above in the context of the preferred, more preferred or particularly preferred or most preferred embodiments.
The individual formulation types are known in principle and are described for example, in: Winnacker-Kiichler, "Chemische Technologie", Volume 7, C. Hauser Verlag Munich, 4th Edition, 1986; van Valkenburg, "Pesticide Formulations", Marcel Dekker N.Y., 1973; K. Martens, "Spray Drying Handbook", 3rd Ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd. London.
The formulation auxiliaries required, such as inert materials, surfactants, solvents and other additives are also known and are described, for example, in Watkins, "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J.; H.v. Olphen, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry"; 2nd Ed, J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y. Marsden, "Solvents Guide", 2nd Ed., Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's, "Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood N.J.; Sisley and Wood, "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N.Y. 1964; Schonfeldt, "Grenzflachenaktive Athylenoxidaddukte" [Surface- active ethylene oxide adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1976, Winnacker-Kiichler, "Chemische Technologie", Volume 7, C. Hauser Verlag Munich, 4th Edition 1986.
Based on these formulations, combinations with other agrochemically active substances, such as other herbicides not belonging to constituents (i) and (ii) as defined in the context of the present invention, fungicides or insecticides, and with safeners, fertilizers and/or growth regulators, may also be prepared, for example in the form of a readymix or a tank mix. Wettable powders (sprayable powders) are products which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, besides the active compound, also comprise ionic or nonionic surfactants (wetters, dispersants), for example polyoxethylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols or fatty amines, alkanesulfonates or alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium 2,2'-dinaphthylmethane-6,6'-disulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate or else sodium oleoylmethyltauride, in addition to a diluent or inert material. Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared by dissolving the active compound in an organic solvent, for example butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers). Examples of emulsifiers which may be used are: calcium salts of alkylarylsulfonic acids, such as calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl poly ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxethylene sorbitol esters.
Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely divided solid materials, for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
Suspension concentrates (SC) can be water- or oil-based. They can be prepared, for example, by wet grinding by means of commercially available bead mills and, if appropriate, addition of further surfactants as they have already been mentioned for example above in the case of the other formulation types.
Emulsions, for example oil-in-water emulsions (EW), can be prepared for example by means of stirrers, colloid mills and/or static mixers using aqueous organic solvents and, if appropriate, further surfactants as have already been mentioned for example above in the case of the other formulation types.
Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinites or granulated inert material with the aid of binders, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or else mineral oils. Suitable active compounds may also be granulated in the manner conventionally used for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired in a mixture with fertilizers. As a rule, water-dispersible granules are prepared by customary processes such as spray drying, fluidized-bed granulation, disk granulation, mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material. Regarding the production of disk granules, fluidized-bed granules, extruder granules and spray granules, see, for example, the methods in "Spray-Drying Handbook" 3rd ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd., London; J.E. Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical and Engineering 1967, page 147 et seq; "Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 1973, pp. 8-57.
As regards further details on the formulation of crop protection products, see, for example, G.C. Klingmam, "Weed Control as a Science", John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pages 81-96 and J.D. Freyer, S.A. Evans, "Weed Control Handbook", 5th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1968, pages 101-103. As a rule, the agrochemical formulations comprise 1 to 95% by weight, of active compounds, the following concentrations being customary, depending on the type of formulation:
The active compound concentration in wettable powders is, for example, approximately 10 to 95% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight being composed of customary formulation constituents. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active compound concentration may amount to, for example, 5 to 80% by weight. Formulations in the form of dusts comprise, in most cases, 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, sprayable solutions approximately 0.2 to 25% by weight of active compound. In the case of granules such as dispersible granules, the active compound content depends partly on whether the active compound is present in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaries and fillers are being used. As a rule, the content amounts to between 10 and 90% by weight in the case of the water-dispersible granules.
In addition, the abovementioned active compound formulations may comprise, if appropriate, the conventional adhesives, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, solvents, fillers, colorants, carriers, antifoams, evaporation inhibitors, pH regulators or viscosity regulators.
The herbicidal action of the herbicide combinations according to the present invention can be improved, for example, by surfactants, preferably by wetters from the group of the fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers. The fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers preferable contain 10 - 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol radical and 2 - 20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether moiety. The fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers can be nonionic or ionic, for example in the form of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers sulfates, which can be used, for example, as alkali metal salts (e.g. sodium salts or potassium salts) or ammonium salts, but also as alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts, such as sodium C Cw-fatty alcohol diglycol ether sulfate (Genapol® LRO, Clariant); see, for example, EP-A-0476555, EP-A-0048436, EP-A-0336151 or US-A-4,400,196 and also Proc. EWRS Symp. "Factors Affecting Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity", 227 - 232 (1988). Nonionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are, for example, (Cio-Cis)-, preferably (Cio-Ci4)-fatty alkohol polyglycol ethers containing 2 - 20, preferably 3 - 15, ethylene oxide units (e.g. isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether), for example from the Genapol® series, such as Genapol® X-030, Genapol® X-060, Genapol® X-080 or Genapol® X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH).
The present invention furthermore embraces the combination of herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined above with the wetting agents mentioned above from the group of the fatty alcohol polyglycolethers which preferably contain 10 - 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol radical and 2 - 20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether moiety and which can be present in nonionic or ionic form (for example as fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates). Preference is given to C Cw-fatty alcohol diglycol ether sulfate sodium (Genapol® LRO, Clariant); and isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether with 3 - 15 ethylene oxide units, for example from the Genapol® X series, such as Genapol® X-030, Genapol® X-060, Genapol® X-080 or Genapol® X-150 (all from Clariant GmbH). It is furthermore known that fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for example fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable for use as penetrants and activity enhancers for a number of other herbicides, inter alia also for herbicides from the group of the imidazolinones (see, for example, EP-A-0502014). Moreover, it is known that fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for example fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable as penetrants and synergists for a number of other herbicides, inter alia also herbicides from the group of the imidazolinones; (see, for example, EP-A-0502014). The herbicidal effect of the herbicide combinations according to the present invention can also be increased using vegetable oils. The term vegetable oils is to be understood as meaning oils from oil-plant species, such as soya oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, safflower oil or castor oil, in particular rapeseed oil, and their transesterification products, for example alkyl esters, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl ester.
The vegetable oils are preferably esters of C10-C22-, preferably C12-C20- fatty acids. The Cio-C22-fatty acid esters are, for example, esters of unsaturated or saturated Cio-C22-fatty acids, in particular those with an even number of carbon atoms, for example erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and, in particular, Ci8-fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid or linolenic acid. Preferred Ci-C2o-alkyl-Cio-C22-fatty acid esters are the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-ethylhexyl and dodecyl esters. Preferred glycol- and glycerol-Cio-C22-fatty acid esters are the uniform or mixed glycol esters and glycerol esters of Cio-C22-fatty acids, in particular those fatty acids which have an even number of carbon atoms, for example erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and, in particular, Ci8-fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid or linolenic acid. The vegetable oils can be present in the herbicidal compositions according to the present invention for example in the form of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil such as Hasten® (Victorian Chemical Company, Australia, hereinbelow termed Hasten, main constituent: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob®B (Novance, France, hereinbelow termed ActirobB, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol® (Bayer AG, Germany, termed Rako-Binol hereinbelow, main constituent: rapeseed oil), Renol® (Stefes, Germany, termed Renol hereinbelow, vegetable oil constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), or Stefes Mero® (Stefes, Germany, hereinbelow termed Mero, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester).
In a further embodiment, the present invention embraces the combination of a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention with the vegetable oils mentioned above. Thus, in a further embodiment, the present invention embraces the use of compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the present invention comprising the vegetable oils mentioned above, such as rapeseed oil, preferably in the form of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil such as Hasten® (Victorian Chemical Company, Australia, hereinbelow termed Hasten, main constituent: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob®B (Novance, France, hereinbelow termed ActirobB, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol® (Bayer AG, Germany, termed Rako-Binol hereinbelow, main constituent: rapeseed oil), Renol® (Stefes, Germany, termed Renol hereinbelow, vegetable oil constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), or Stefes Mero® (Stefes, Germany, hereinbelow termed Mero, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester). For use, the formulations, which are present in commercially available form, are optionally diluted in the customary manner, for example using water in the case of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions and water-dispersible granules. Preparations in the form of dusts, soil granules, granules for broadcasting and sprayable solutions are usually not diluted further with other inert substances prior to use. The active compounds can be applied to the plants, parts of the plants, seeds of the plants or the area under cultivation (soil of a field), preferably to the green plants and parts of the plants and, if appropriate, additionally to the soil of the field.
A composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the present invention has the advantage of being easier to apply, and the quantities of the components are advantageously already presented in the correct ratio to each other. Moreover, the adjuvants in the formulation can be matched optimally to each other.
Examples
1. Product used
The following commercially available herbicide combination was tested (available from Bayer CropScience): Product PI contained 400 g/L of (i) flufenacet and 100 g/L of (ii) diflufenican, and was a suspension concentrate (SC formulation), density 1.19 kg/L.
2. Biological Trials
Trials were conducted on cassava plants on a Research Farm in the Ivory Coast (Cote d'lvoire), West Africa.
Table 1 shows the respective total weed control ratings for the different products tested in pre-emergence 42, 49 and 56 days after treatment, respectively. In each case the total weed control takes into account the control of broad-leaved species, grasses and sedges. The control of grasses 42, 49 and 56 days after treatment was 90% in each case. Weed control was always assessed in comparison to the weed control of a corresponding untreated control plot.
Inter alia excellent efficacy in controlling of the following weeds was observed: Digitaria horizontalis , Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Panicum maximum, Tridax procumbens, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Euphorbia heterophylla, and Ipomea triloba.
Table 2 shows the plant growth regulating effects of product PI (herbicide composition used in accordance with the present invention) on cassava crop plants after harvest relative to hoe-weeded cassava crop plants (as reference). The plant growth regulating effects were measured as the respective fresh root cassava yields, in each case as perecentage in comparison to the fresh root cassava yield of hoe- weeded cassava crop plants as reference (defined as 100%).
Table 1 : Ratings of the total weed control in plots treated pre-emergence with the product PI 42 days, 49 days, and 56 days after treatment
Figure imgf000022_0001
No phytotoxicity damages were observed in the treated cassava plants.
Table 2: Plant growth regulating effects of product PI on tuberous root crop plants indicated as fresh root yield
Product or treatment Amount of Product applied Yield of fresh root yield in
comparison to hoe-weeding
PI 0.5 L/ha 166%
PI 1.0 L/ha 141%
Hoe-weeding 100%
(Reference)

Claims

Claims:
1. Use of a combination of herbicides or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or as plant growth regulators in tuberous root crop plants, wherein said combination of herbicides comprises or consists of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican.
Use according to claim 1 , wherein a composition is employed which additionally comprises one or more further components selected from the group consisting of formulation auxiliaries, additives customary in crop protection, and further agrochemically active compounds.
Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio by weight in the combination of herbicides of (i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 10 : 1 to 1 : 3, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio by weight in the combination of herbicides of
(i) flufenacet to (ii) diflufenican is in the range of from 8 : 1 to 1 : 2, based on the total amount of (i) flufenacet and (ii) diflufenican in said combination of herbicides.
Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea). Use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava (Manihot esculenta).
Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhenia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Eleusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vernonia spp., Cleome spp., Crotalaria spp., Kyllinga spp., Corchorus spp., Ipomoea spp., Mitracarpus spp., Melanthera spp., Centrosema spp., Emilia spp., Croton spp., Phyllanthus spp., Passiflora spp., Axonopus spp., Oldenlandia spp., Schwenckia spp., Acalypha spp., Solenostemon spp., Celosia spp., Indigofera spp., Heterotis spp., Acmella spp., Leucaena spp., Boerhavia spp., Spermacoce spp., Oplismenus spp., and Fimbristylis spp..
Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Ageratum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhenia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Eleusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vernonia spp., and Cleome spp..
Use according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Ageratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbata, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum,
Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vernonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, Cuscuta australis, Corchorus olitorius, Mitracarpus villosus, Melanthera scandens, Centrosema pubescens, Emilia coccinea, Croton hirtus, Phyllanthus amarus, Corchorus trilocularis, Passiflora foetida, Ipomoea involucrate, Axonopus compressus, Oldenlandia corymbosa, Acalypha ciliata, Schwenckia americana, Solenostemon monostachyus, Celosia trigyna, Indigofera hirsute, Heterotis rotundifolia,
Acmella brachyglossa, Leucaena leucocephala, Boerhavia diffusa, Spermacoce ocymoides, Oplismenus burmannii, Fimbristylis littoralis, Cyperus iris, and Kyllinga erecta.
10. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein one, several or all harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Ageratum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Alternanthera sessilis,
Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica,
Setaria barbata, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vernonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, and Cuscuta australis.
11. Method for controlling undesired plant growth, and/or controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or regulating plant growth in tuberous root crop plants, comprising the step of applying a combination of herbicides or a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 onto the tuberous root crop plants, parts of tuberous root crop plants, seeds of tuberous root crop plants, the area where the tuberous root crop plants grow or the area where the tuberous root crop plants are intended to grow.
12. Method according to claim 11, wherein the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea).
13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava (Manihot esculenta).
14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein one, several, or all harmful plants as defined in any one of claims 7 to 10 are controlled.
15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the tuberous root crop plants have been genetically modified, preferably said tuberous root crop plants are transgenic plants or obtained by mutation/selection.
PCT/EP2016/059143 2015-04-27 2016-04-25 Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants WO2016173972A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112017023248A BR112017023248A2 (en) 2015-04-27 2016-04-25 use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root plants.
CN201680034578.6A CN107743360A (en) 2015-04-27 2016-04-25 Purposes of some Herbicidal combinations in root crop plant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15165200 2015-04-27
EP15165200.5 2015-04-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016173972A1 true WO2016173972A1 (en) 2016-11-03

Family

ID=53015597

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/059143 WO2016173972A1 (en) 2015-04-27 2016-04-25 Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN107743360A (en)
BR (1) BR112017023248A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2016173972A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107743966A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-02 南京农业大学 A kind of flufenacet diflufenican binary built agent for preventing and kill off wheat paddock resistant weed
CN113203696A (en) * 2021-05-06 2021-08-03 塔里木大学 Hyperspectrum-based method for detecting change of cyperus esculentus leaf area under saline water irrigation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112155015B (en) * 2020-10-12 2022-03-22 吉林金秋农药有限公司 Composition containing flufenacet and diflufenican as well as preparation method and application thereof

Citations (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1028976A (en) 1962-02-23 1966-05-11 Fisons Pest Control Ltd Plant treatment process
EP0048436A1 (en) 1980-09-20 1982-03-31 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal agents
EP0053011A1 (en) 1980-11-21 1982-06-02 May & Baker Limited New herbicidal nicotinamide derivatives
EP0336151A2 (en) 1988-03-18 1989-10-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Liquid herbicidal agent
EP0348737A1 (en) 1988-06-27 1990-01-03 Bayer Ag Heteroaryloxy-acetic acid N-isopropyl anilides
EP0476555A2 (en) 1990-09-15 1992-03-25 Hoechst Schering AgrEvo GmbH Synergistic herbicidal agents
WO1992005259A1 (en) 1990-09-13 1992-04-02 Gist-Brocades N.V. Transgenic plants having a modified carbohydrate content
EP0502014A1 (en) 1989-11-21 1992-09-09 Hoechst Ag Herbicidal agents.
WO1994002014A2 (en) 1992-07-16 1994-02-03 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal agents based on heterocyclic aryloxyacetamides
WO1997044473A1 (en) 1996-05-20 1997-11-27 Coöperatieve Verkoop- En Productievereniging Van Aardappelmeel En Derivaten Avebe B.A. Methods for producing and transforming cassave protoplasts
WO2007112834A2 (en) 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal compositions as dispersions comprising diflufenican and flurtamone
CN101156582A (en) * 2006-06-07 2008-04-09 陕西九天精细化工发展有限公司 Selectivity of mexolamine to manioc and sisal hemp and method of use thereof
CN101385456A (en) * 2008-10-17 2009-03-18 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Cassava field post-seedling chemical herbicide using efficient fluazifop as effective ingredient
CN101385455A (en) * 2008-10-17 2009-03-18 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Cassava field post-seedling chemical herbicide using efficient haloxyfop-methyl as effective ingredient
US20110152091A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal Compositions Comprising Flufenacet
US20110152092A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal compositions comprising flufenacet
CN102428919A (en) 2011-11-03 2012-05-02 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Postemergence cassava field herbicide with mesotrion as active component
CN102894004A (en) * 2012-09-26 2013-01-30 江苏省农业科学院 Herbicide composite for preventing and extirpating weeds in sweet potato fields
CN103392724A (en) 2013-08-07 2013-11-20 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所 Cassava field herbicide composition
WO2014001359A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal agents containing flufenacet
WO2014001248A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal compositions comprising flufenacet
WO2014095619A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-26 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal agents containing aclonifen

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004047927A1 (en) * 2004-10-01 2006-04-06 Bayer Cropscience Gmbh Aqueous dispersions containing diflufenican
JP5563773B2 (en) * 2008-12-17 2014-07-30 バイエル・クロップサイエンス・アーゲー Herbicidal composition

Patent Citations (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1028976A (en) 1962-02-23 1966-05-11 Fisons Pest Control Ltd Plant treatment process
EP0048436A1 (en) 1980-09-20 1982-03-31 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal agents
US4400196A (en) 1980-09-20 1983-08-23 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal compositions
EP0053011A1 (en) 1980-11-21 1982-06-02 May & Baker Limited New herbicidal nicotinamide derivatives
US4618366A (en) 1980-11-21 1986-10-21 May & Baker Limited Certain N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-nicotinamides having herbicidal activity
EP0336151A2 (en) 1988-03-18 1989-10-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Liquid herbicidal agent
EP0348737A1 (en) 1988-06-27 1990-01-03 Bayer Ag Heteroaryloxy-acetic acid N-isopropyl anilides
US4968342A (en) 1988-06-27 1990-11-06 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal N-isopropylheteroaryloxyacetanilides
EP0502014A1 (en) 1989-11-21 1992-09-09 Hoechst Ag Herbicidal agents.
WO1992005259A1 (en) 1990-09-13 1992-04-02 Gist-Brocades N.V. Transgenic plants having a modified carbohydrate content
EP0476555A2 (en) 1990-09-15 1992-03-25 Hoechst Schering AgrEvo GmbH Synergistic herbicidal agents
WO1994002014A2 (en) 1992-07-16 1994-02-03 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal agents based on heterocyclic aryloxyacetamides
US5759955A (en) 1992-07-16 1998-06-02 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Herbicidal agents based on heteroaryloxyacetamides
WO1997044473A1 (en) 1996-05-20 1997-11-27 Coöperatieve Verkoop- En Productievereniging Van Aardappelmeel En Derivaten Avebe B.A. Methods for producing and transforming cassave protoplasts
WO2007112834A2 (en) 2006-03-29 2007-10-11 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal compositions as dispersions comprising diflufenican and flurtamone
CN101156582A (en) * 2006-06-07 2008-04-09 陕西九天精细化工发展有限公司 Selectivity of mexolamine to manioc and sisal hemp and method of use thereof
CN101385456A (en) * 2008-10-17 2009-03-18 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Cassava field post-seedling chemical herbicide using efficient fluazifop as effective ingredient
CN101385455A (en) * 2008-10-17 2009-03-18 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Cassava field post-seedling chemical herbicide using efficient haloxyfop-methyl as effective ingredient
US20110152091A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal Compositions Comprising Flufenacet
US20110152092A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal compositions comprising flufenacet
CN102428919A (en) 2011-11-03 2012-05-02 广西田园生化股份有限公司 Postemergence cassava field herbicide with mesotrion as active component
WO2014001359A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal agents containing flufenacet
WO2014001248A1 (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-03 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal compositions comprising flufenacet
CN102894004A (en) * 2012-09-26 2013-01-30 江苏省农业科学院 Herbicide composite for preventing and extirpating weeds in sweet potato fields
WO2014095619A1 (en) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-26 Bayer Cropscience Ag Herbicidal agents containing aclonifen
CN103392724A (en) 2013-08-07 2013-11-20 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所 Cassava field herbicide composition

Non-Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Factors Affecting Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity", PROC. EWRS SYMP., 1988, pages 227 - 232
"Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook", 1973, MCGRAW-HILL, pages: 8 - 57
"Solvents Guide", 1950, INTERSCIENCE
"Spray-Drying Handbook", 1979, G. GOODWIN LTD.
"The Pesticide Manual", 2012, THE BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL AND THE ROYAL SOC. OF CHEMISTRY
AFRICAN CROP SCIENCE JOURNAL, 1994, pages 519 - 530
AFRICAN CROP SCIENCE JOURNAL, vol. 2, no. 4, 1994, pages 519 - 530
G.C. KLINGMAM: "Weed Control as a Science", 1961, JOHN WILEY AND SONS, INC., pages: 81 - 96
H.V. OLPHEN: "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry", J. WILEY & SONS
J.D. FREYER; S.A. EVANS: "Weed Control Handbook", 1968, BLACKWELL SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS, pages: 101 - 103
J.E. BROWNING: "Chemical and Engineering", 1967, article "Agglomeration", pages: 147
K. MARTENS: "Spray Drying Handbook", 1979, G. GOODWIN LTD
MCCUTCHEON'S: "Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual", MC PUBL. CORP.
PLANTA DANINHA, vol. 28, no. 4, 2010, pages 807 - 816
SCHONFELDT: "Grenzflachenaktive Athylenoxidaddukte", 1976, WISS. VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT
SISLEY; WOOD: "Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents", 1964, CHEM. PUBL. CO. INC.
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11TH ISRTC-AB, 4 October 2010 (2010-10-04), pages 269 - 275
VAN VALKENBURG: "Pesticide Formulations", 1973, MARCEL DEKKER
WATKINS: "Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers", DARLAND BOOKS
WINNACKER-KIICHLER: "Chemische Technologie", vol. 7, 1986, C. HAUSER VERLAG
WIUNACKER-KÜCHLER: "Chemische Technologie", vol. 7, 1986, C. HAUSER VERLAG

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107743966A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-02 南京农业大学 A kind of flufenacet diflufenican binary built agent for preventing and kill off wheat paddock resistant weed
CN113203696A (en) * 2021-05-06 2021-08-03 塔里木大学 Hyperspectrum-based method for detecting change of cyperus esculentus leaf area under saline water irrigation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN107743360A (en) 2018-02-27
BR112017023248A2 (en) 2018-08-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2016259710B2 (en) Herbicide combinations comprising L-glufosinate and indaziflam
DE102005031787A1 (en) Crop-compatible herbicidal compositions containing herbicides safeners
CA2983763C (en) Herbicide combinations comprising glufosinate and indaziflam
RU2667787C2 (en) Herbicidal agents containing aclonifen
WO2016173972A1 (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
WO2016079035A1 (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
RU2671393C2 (en) Herbicidal agents containing aclonifen
WO2016173964A1 (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
WO2017050635A1 (en) Use of certain active ingredient combinations in tuberous root crop plants
WO2017025501A1 (en) Use of aclonifen and certain aclonifen containing herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
WO2017216029A1 (en) Use of certain active ingredient combinations in tuberous root crop plants
OA18642A (en) Use of certain active ingredient combinations in tuberous root crop plants.
RU2667773C2 (en) Herbicidal agents containing aclonifen
OA19083A (en) Use of certain active ingredient combinations in tuberous root crop plants.
OA18448A (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
OA18592A (en) Use of aclonifen and certain aclonifen containing herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants.
OA18279A (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants.
EP2486796A1 (en) Use of seed treatment agents from the pyrazole insecticide group as safeners for oxadiozole herbicides
OA18447A (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants
US10264790B2 (en) Use of certain herbicide combinations based on iodosulfuron in teff plants
RU2640877C2 (en) Herbicidal agent containing aclonifen
DK2934130T3 (en) HERBICIDE AGENTS CONTAINING ACLONIFEN
OA21031A (en) Herbicide combinations comprising L-glufosinate and indaziflam.
OA19862A (en) Herbicide combinations comprising glufosinate and indaziflam.
MX2007015575A (en) Aqueous crop protection formulations comprising asulam and synergistic herbicidal combinations thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 16717963

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112017023248

Country of ref document: BR

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 16717963

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112017023248

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20171027