OA18279A - Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants. - Google Patents
Use of certain herbicide combinations in tuberous root crop plants. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA18279A OA18279A OA1201700183 OA18279A OA 18279 A OA18279 A OA 18279A OA 1201700183 OA1201700183 OA 1201700183 OA 18279 A OA18279 A OA 18279A
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- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- spp
- plants
- tuberous root
- herbicides
- crop plants
- Prior art date
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Abstract
The present invention primarily relates to the use of specific herbicide combinations or of a composition comprising specific herbicide combinations for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, preferably in cassava. The present invention also relates to the use of specific herbicide combinations or of a composition comprising specific herbicide combinations as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably for cassava. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a corresponding method of controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants and to a corresponding method of regulating plant growth of tuberous root crop plants.
Description
The présent invention primarily relates to the use of spécifie herbicide combinations or of a composition comprising spécifie herbicide combinations for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, preferably in cassava. The présent invention also relates to the use of spécifie herbicide combinations or of a 5 composition comprising spécifie herbicide combinations as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava. Furthermore, the présent invention relates to a corresponding method of controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants and to a corresponding method of rcgulating plant growth of tuberous root crop plants.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major source of carbohydrate for several hundred million people, 10 mainly in Africa and to some extent in Asia and Latin America. In Africa, yields of cassava are generally comparatively low, which to a large extent is due to effects of weed compétition or to uncontrolled or unsufficicntly controlled weed growth. Hoe-weedîng still is a common practice among cassava fermera.
The Proccedings of the 11 th ISRTC-AB, Kinshasa, Démocratie Republic Congo, 4-8 October 2010, pages 269275 report on the évaluation of commercially available herbicides for weed control in cassava. The treatments 15 there compriscd prc-cmergent herbicides employing such as chloroacetanilide, prometryn or S-mctolachlor.
In Oie Crop recommendation #17 ofthe Ministry of Agriculture of Barbados the followingherbicides for weed control in cassava are mentioned: paraquat (optionally mixed with diquat), gtyphosate, sulfosate, pendimethalin, metolachlor, fluazifop-butyl, sethoxydim or propaquizafop.
CN102428919A tcachcs a postemergence cassava fîcld herbicide with mesotrion as an active component
CN 103392724A suggests the use of a temary herbicide composition as cassava fîcld herbicide with the active components of halosulfuron, oxyfluorfcn and an amide herbicide selected from the group of butachlor, propisochlor and metolachlor.
GB 1,028,976 discloses a process for the treatment of plants with storage organs, for exemple cassava, swect potato or yam, which comprises sptaying the plants with a substituted benzoic acid herbicide in a spécifie time 25 fram before harvest There, herbicides like (optionally further substituted) di-, tri- or tctrachlorobcnzoic acids arc preferred.
African Crop Science Journal 1994,519-530 reports on weeds and their control in cassava. There, mainly the following herbicides were tested: metobromuron, fluometuron, prometryn (optionally in combination with ametryne), terbutryn, paraquat and dhrron.
Planata Daninha, 2010,28(4), 807-816 describcs the application of different herbiedes on weeds in cassava.
Inter alia the effects of herbicides like diuron, metribuzin, isoxaflutolc, atrazine, ametryn, and several
-2combinations comprising said herbicides are reported therein on two cassava varie tics grown in the state of Paranâ, BraziL
In their application, herbicidal crop protection agents (herbicides) known to date for controlling harmful plants or unwanted végétation in tuberous root crop plants hâve some disadvantages, be it (a) that they hâve no or else insufficient herbicidal activity against spécifie harmful plants, (b) that the spectrum of harmful plants which can be controlled with the herbicides is not broad enough, and/or (c) that the sclectivity of herbicides in and the compatibility with tuberous root crop plants is too low, thereby causing unwanted damage and/or unwanted reduced harvest yields of die tuberous root crops.
Overall, the herbicidal activity (above aspects (a) and (b)) and/or the selectivity / compatibility (above aspect (c)) of the herbicides used so far in tuberous root crop plants still allows improvement
For the reasons mentioned above, there still is a need for alternative, highly active herbicides or herbicidal compositions for the sélective application for controlling harmful plants or unwanted végétation in tuberous root crop plants.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that certain herbicide combinations or compositions comprising said herbicide combinations exhibit the desired herbicidal activity and are able to selectively control harmful plants or unwanted végétation in tuberous root crop plants.
The présent invention primarily relates to the use of a combination of herbicides (herbicide combination) or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides (herbicide combination)
- for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or
- as plant growth regulators in tuberous root crop plants, wherein said combination of herbicides comprises (i) indaziflam and (ii) metribuzin or isoxaflutole.
Thus, the présent invention relates to the above mentioned use, wherein a combination of herbicides is used comprising or consisting of (i) indaziflam and (ii) metribuzin.
The présent invention further relates to the above mentioned use, wherein a combination of herbicides is used comprising or consisting of (i) indaziflam and (ii) isoxaflutole.
The présent invention further rcleates to the use of a composition as defined herein in the context of the présent invention which additionally comprises one or more further components selected from the group consisting of formulation auxiliaires, additives customary in crop protection, and further agrochcmically active compounds
-3(i.c. agrochemically active compounds different from components (i) and (ii) as defined above, i.e. agrochemically active compounds other than indaziflam, metribuzin and tsoxaflutole).
However, when a combination of herbicides used in the context of the présent invention consists of herbicides (i) indaziflam and (ii) metribuzin or tsoxaflutole, this means that in such a case the combination ofhcrbicides used 5 in the context ofthe présent invention or the composition comprising said combination of herbicides used in the context of the présent invention docs not contain any further (i.e. no additional) herbicidal active ingrédient and preferably docs not contain any further agrochemically active compound.
In this context, the term “further herbicidal active ingrédient” and “further agrochemically active compound refers to the herbicides and agrochemically active compounds (pesticides), respectively, listed in The Pesticide 10 Manual, 16th édition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Cbcmistry, 2012 other than indaziflam, metribuzin and isoxaflutole.
The herbicide combinations and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention not only exhibit an excellent herbicidal activity in controlling harmful plants or unwanted végétation in tuberous root crop plants, but also show compatibility with tuberous root crop plants, 15 i.e. said herbicides do not cause significant damage and/or unwanted reduced harvest yields of the tuberous root crops.
It has been found that the selectivity of the herbicides used in die prior art, isoxaflutole and metribuzin respectively, can be improved by combining these herbicides with indaziflam. The herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in 20 accordance with the présent invention allow excellent (total) weed control at an agronomically acceptable level of damage of the tuberous root crop plants. Further, the type of damage observed with the herbicide combinations and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with die présent invention is less harmful and/or less severc, and the tuberous root crop plants affected largely cr fully rccover from said type of damage.
Further, the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and the compositions comprising said herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention can be used as plant growth regulators for tuberous root crop plants, preferably as plant growth regulators for cassava, thereby încreasing harvest yields tuberous root crop plants (in particular the weight of the tuberous root) and/or incrcasing die plant growth of the tuberous root crop plants (in particular the growth of the leaves of the 30 tuberous root crop plants), in each case in comparison to tuberous root crop plants not treated with herbicides (untreated control).
The présent invention preferably relates to the use of a combination of herbicides or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined in the context of the présent invention, wherein the tuberous *4root crop plants arc selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea), more preferably wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava (Manihot esculenta).
The herbicides used in the context ofthe présent invention arc known per se, and described inter alia in The 5 Pesticide Manual, 16th édition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2012 and die literature cited therein. The herbicides used in the context of the présent invention are described in more detail hcreinbelow.
The herbicide combinations used in the context of the présent invention and also certain compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the présent invention as such are known. The 10 herbicide combinations used in the context of the présent invention and also certain compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the présent invention are commercially available.
Tuberous roots (also called root tubers) are perennating organs, thickened roots that store nutrients over periods when the plant cannot activcly grow, thus permitting survival from one ycar to the next.
Tubers should not be confuscd with tuberous roots. Tubers are modified shoots, whereas tuberous roots are 15 modified roots.
A tuberous root is a modified latéral root, enlarged to function as a storage organ. The enlarged area of die roottu ber, or storage τοοζ can be produced at the end or middle of a root or involve the entire root It is thus different in origin but similar in function and appearancc to a stem tuber. Examples of plants with notable tuberous roots include the sweet potato, cassava, yam and dahlia.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), also called manioc, yuca, balinghoy or kamoteng kahoy (in the Philippines), tabolchu (in Northeast India), mogo (in Africa), mandioca, tapioca-root, kappa (predominantly in India) and manioc root, a woody shrub of the Euphorbiaceae (spurge) family native to South America, is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical régions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Cassava, when dried to a powdery (or pearly) extract, is called tapioca; its 25 fermented, flaky version is named garri.
Cassava is the third largest source of food carbohydrates in the tropics, after rice and maize. Cassava is a major staple food in the developing world, providing a basic diet for over half a billion people. It is one of the most drought-tolerant crops, capable of growing on marginal soils. Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava, while Thailand is the largest exporting countty of dried cassava,
Cassava grows poorly in weedy fields and conscqucntly produces fewer and smaller storage roots.
-5Yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscorcaceac) that form edible tubers. These are pcrennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and Oceania. There are many cultivars of yam. Although some varieties of swect potato (Ipomoea batatas) are also called yam in parts of the United Statcs and Canada, it is not part of the fâmily Dioscorcaceac.
Yams are monocotyledons, related to lilies and grasses. Native to Africa and Asia, yam tubers vary in size from that of a small potato to over 60 kilograms. There are over 600 varieties of yams and 95 percent of these crops are grown in Africa.
According to the présent invention the expression composition includes compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein, and can be used in various acceptable or agronomically typical forms and formulations, for example in a single ready-mix form.
The herbicides (i) and (ii) used in the herbicide combinations used in the context of the présent invention and the compositions comprising the herbicide combinations used in the context of the présent invention may be a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a tankmix, or said composition can be a combined use of the single active ingrédients when applied in a séquentiel manner, i.e. one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours (and preferably less than 24 hours).
The herbicides (i) and (ii) used in the herbicide combinations used in the context ofthe présent invention include ail stereoisomers and their mixtures, in particular also racemic mixtures and - if enantiomers are possible ~ the respective biologically active enantiomer.
If, in the context of this description, the short form of the common name of an active compound is used, this includes in each case ail customary dérivatives, such as the esters and salts, and isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular the commcrcially available form or forms. If the common name dénotés an ester or sait, this in each case also comprises ail other customary dérivatives, such as other esters and salts, the free acids and ncutral compounds, and isomers, in particular optical isomers, in particular the commcrcially available form or forms. The given chemical compound names dénoté at least one of the compounds embraeed by the common name, frequently a preferred compound. In the case of sulfonamides such as sulfonylureas, salts also include die salts formed by exchanging a hydrogen atom on the sulfonamide group by a cation.
The salts of compounds used in the context of the présent invention may be used in the form of the respective alkali métal salts, alkaline earth salts or ammonium salts, preferably in the form of the respective alkali métal salts, more preferably in the form of the respective sodium or potassium salts, most preferably h the form of the respective sodium salts.
-6Indaziflam (IUPAC-Name: λΑ[( 17?^5)-23-dihydro-2,6-dimethy]-l W-indcn-1 -yl]-6-[( 1 ÆS)-1 -fluorocthyl]-
13,5-triazine-2,4-diaminc, CAS Rcg No. 950782-86-2, its (lÆ)-l-fluorocthyl diastereoisomer, CASReg.No. 730979-19-8, and its ( 1 S)-l-fluorocthyl diastereoisomer CAS Rcg No. 730979-32-5) arc known and described for exemple in US 6,069,114 A, EP 0 864 567 Al and EP 1 592 674 Al.
Preferred in the context of the présent invention is the (1Æ)-l-fluorocthyl diastereoisomer of indaziflam represented by the following structure (the ( 1Æ)-1 -fluoroethyl moiety is matkcd with an asterisk 1 *Λ):
Isoxaflutolc (IUPAC-Name: 5-cyclopropyl-l,2-oxazol-4-ylXa,a,a-tnfluoro-2-mesyl-p-tolyl)mcthanonc, CAS Rcg No. 141112-29-0) is described for example in EP 0 527 036 Al.
Metribuzin, (IUPAC-Name: 4-amino-6-zer/-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-mcthylthio-M,4-triazin-5-onc, CAS RegNo. 21087-64-9) is described for exemple in DE1795784 Al.
US 8,236,729 B2 relates to herbicide combinations, inter alia disclosing indaziflam as herbicide of component (A) and inter alia disclosing isoxaflutolc as component (B3.1.15) and metribuzin as component (B2.1.9).
In accordance with the présent invention, the herbicide combinations as defined herein or the composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein comprise a herbicidally effective amount ofsaidherbicide combination and may comprise further components, for example agrochcmically active compounds of a different type and/or formulation auxiliaires and/or additives customary in crop protection, or they may bc employed together with these.
In accordance with the présent invention, the herbicide combinations as defined herein or the composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined herein may be applied as a split application over time. Another possibility is the application of the individual herbicides (i) and (ii) or the herbicide combinations in a plurality of portions (sequential application), for example after pre-cmcrgence applications, foDowcd by post-emeigcnce applications or after early post-emctgence applications, followed by applications at medium or late postcmergence.
-7Prefcrrcd is the simultaneous or nearly simultaneous application of die herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein. In the latter context, a nearly simultaneous application of the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein means that the herbicide (i) indaziflam and the herbicide (ii) metribuzin or isoxafiutole are both applied within 24 hours, preferably within 12 hours, more preferably within 6 hours, even more preferably within 3 hours.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein arc used together, i.c. at the same time, Thus, in a particularly preferred embodiment a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein is used.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention are only used 10 once per scason. It was found that one application per season of the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention or ofa composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention is sufficient to achieve the effects described in the context of the présent invention, in particular regarding hcrbicidal activity (above aspects (a) and (b)) and/or the sclcctivity / compatibility (above aspect (c)).
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii)uscd in accordance with the présent invention is applied once, twice or three times per Gregorian calendar year, i.e. in one application, in two applications or in three applications per year according to the Gregorian calendar.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention or a 20 composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii)used in accordance with the présent invention is applied one time per Gregorian calendar year, i.e. in one application per year according to the Gregorian calendar.
In a preferred embodiment, the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) used in accordance with the présent invention is applied one time in about 12 months, i.e. m one application in about 12 months.
The effects observed when using the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein allow a more potent herbicidal action, the control of hitherto (incontrôlable species (activity gaps), an extendcd application period and/or a reduced number of required individual applications and - as a resuit for the user - more advantageous weed control Systems both from an economical and ccological point of view.
As already mentioned above, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein may be used in pre-emcrgcnce applications and/or in post-cmergence applications.
-8Preferaby, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein or a composition comprising the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein are used in pre-emcrgencc applications.
Preferably, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and in the composition compris ing a herbicide combination used in accordance with the présent invention the total amount by weight of constituent (ii), i.e. metribuzin or isoxaflutolc, is used in a higher amount than constituent (i) indaziflam.
Thus, in the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the présent invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of (ii) metribuzin or isoxafiutole to the total amount of (i) indaziflam preferably is >1, greater than 1:1, more preferably >2, i.e. greater than 2:1.
In the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the présent invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of (ii) metribuzin or isoxafiutole to the total amount of (i) indaziflam preferably is in the range of from 2 : 1 to 50:1, more preferably in the range of from 3 :1 to 40:1.
In the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the présent invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of (ii) metribuzin to the total amount of (i) indaziflam preferably is in the range of from 3:1 to 25:1, more preferably in the range of from 4 :1 to 20:1, even more preferably in the range of from 5 :1 to 15 :1.
In the herbicide combinations used in accordance with the présent invention and or in the composition comprising a herbicide combination used in accordance with the présent invention the ratio by weight of the total amount of (ii) isoxafiutole to the total amount of (i) indaziflam preferably is in the range of from 3 :1 to 15:1, more preferably in the range of from 3:1 to 12:1, even more preferably in the range of from 4 :1 to 10:1.
The preferred application rates [indicated as g a.i/ha, i.e. grams of active ingrédient per hectare] of the herbicides used in the context ofthe présent invention as defined herein are as follows:
Indaziflam is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 10 to 200 g a.i Jha, more preferably at a rate in the range of 25 to 100 g a.iJha, particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 30 to 90 g a.ïJha.
Metribuzin is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 100 to 1500 g a.iJha, more preferably at a rate in the range of 200 to 1250 g a.i/ha, particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 250 to 1000 g a.iTha.
Isoxaflutolc is preferably applied at a rate in the range of 10 to 300 g a.iVha, more preferably at a rate m the range of 20 to 300 g aJ^ha., particularly preferably at a rate in the range of 30 to 250 g aj/ha.
I
-9The herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein more preferably applied in the more preferred rates as defined above (as defined after the term “more preferably”), and particularly preferably applied in the particularly preferred rates as defined above (as defined after the term “particularly preferably”).
Furthermore, the herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined herein can be used together with other agrochemically active compounds, for exemple from the group ofthe safeners, fongicides, insecticides, other herbicides and other plant growth regulators, or with formulation auxiliaires and additives customary in crop protection. Additives are, for example, fertilizers and colorants. Préférence is in each case given to the ratios by weight mentioned above for indaziflam, metribuzin and isoxaflutole, and the application rates or the application rate ranges mentioned above for indaziflam, metribuzin and isoxaflutole.
The most important and most noxious weed species in cassava fields in Colombia reported are (African Crop
Science Journal 1994, 519-530): Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn, Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv., Afelinis ninutiffora Beauv., Sida acuta Burm F., Cyperus rotundus L, Commelina diffusa Burm F. sub-spccics diffuse J.K. Morton, Agératum conyzoides L and Portulaca oleraceae L., Cyperus rotundus L (purple nutsedge), Rottboetlia exaltata (Lour) Clayton (Raoul grass), Sorghum halepense L. Pcrs (Johnson grass) and Ipomoea sp. (moming glory).
In Nigeria, broad-leaved species were the most frequent weeds in ail areas, averaging 71 -78% of ail the species recorded. Only 17-19% of the weed species présent were grasses and 4-7% were sedges. Five weed species, namely, Agératum conyzoides L, Altementhera sessilis L. R. Br, ex Roth, Mimosa invisa Mart, Digitaria horizontalis Willd, and Panicum maximum Jacq occurred in the entirc area surveyed.
In south western Nigeria it was observed that annual weeds, especially broad-leaved weeds, were the most common in cassava, and the prévalent species were Euphorbia hirta L. and Talinum triangulale Willd.
African Crop Science Journal 1994, Vol. 2. No.4, pp. 519-530 summarizes the ten most common weed species in cassava fields in Umuahia, southem Nigeria:
Agératum conyzoide, Calopogonium mucunoides, Altementhera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Afimosa invisa, Commelina benghalansis, Tridaxprocumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Synedrella nodifîora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus.
Further relevant weed species occuiring in cassava fields in Nigeria are (grasses, sedges and broadlcaf weeds): Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Afariscus altemifolius, Euphorbia 30 heterophylla, Talinum triangulare.
A relevant parasitic weed species occurring in cassava fields (for example in Nigeria) is Cuscuta australis.
-10Thc combination of herbicides as defined herein or die composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein hâve an outstanding herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important harmful monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, particularly in cassava.
In the context of the présent invention “controlling” dénotés a s ignificant réduction ofthe growth of the harmful plant(s) in comparison to the untreated harmful plants. Preferably, the growth of the harmful plant(s) is essentially diminished (60-79%), more preferably the growth of the harmful plant(s) is largely or fully suppressed (80-100%), and in particular the growth of the harmful planés) is almost fully or fully suppresscd (90-100%).
Preferably, the présent invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or ail harmfiil plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Agératum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altcmanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Syncdrclla spp., Panicum spp., Cypcrus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pcnnisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp.. Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottbocllia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctcnium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerbaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hypantienia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Eleusinespp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urcna spp., Vcmonia spp., Clcomc spp., Crotalaria spp., 20 Kyllinga spp., Corchorus spp., Ipomoea spp., Mitracarpus spp., Melanthera spp., Ccntrosema spp., Emilia spp., Croton spp,, Phyllanthus spp., Passiflora spp., Axonopus spp,, Oldenlandia spp., Schwenckia spp., Acalypha spp., Solenostemon spp., Cclosia spp., Indigofera spp., Heterotis spp., Acmclla spp., Leucaena spp., Boerhavia spp., Spermacoce spp., Oplismenus spp., and Fimbristylis spp..
In a preferred aspect, the présent invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein 25 or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or ail harmful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Agératum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altcmanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp.. Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cypenis spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., 30 Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctcnium spp., Spigelia spp., Bocrhaavîa spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhcnia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Eleusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urcna spp., Vemonia spp., and Cleome spp..
-11 Particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or ali harmful plants selected from the group of wccd species consisting of Agératum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altcmanthcra spp„ Borciria spp., Commclina spp,, Chromolaena spp.. Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella 5 spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melînis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., fpomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Dcsmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tepbrosia spp., Acanthospcrmum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vcrnonia spp., and Cleome spp..
More particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or ail harmful plants selected from the group of weed species consisting of Agératum spp., Calopogonium spp., Alternanthera spp., Borciria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp.. Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp,, Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., rmperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., ïpomca spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., and Boerhaavia spp..
Specifically, examples may be mentioned of some représentatives of the monocotyledonousanddicotyledonous weed flora which can be controlled by the combinations according to the présent invention.
In a more spécifie aspect, the présent invention relates to the use ofthe combination of herbicides as defined 20 herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several or ail harmful plants arc selected from the group consisting of Agératum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Altemanthera sessilis, Borciria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata. Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horùontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus 25 esculentus, Imperata cyltndrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum.
Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus altemifohus, Euphorbia heterophylla. Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta. Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulacaoleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata,Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, 30 Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbota, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus. Urena lobata, Vemonia amblgua, Cleome viscosa, Cuscuta australis, Corchorus olitorius, Mitracarpus villosus, Melanthera 35 scandens, Centrosema pubescens, Emilia coccinea, Croton hirtus, Phyllanthus amortis, Corchorus
-12trilocularis, Passiflora foetida, ïpomoea involucrate, Axonopus compressas, Oldenlandia corymbosa, Acalypha ciliata, Schwenckia americana, Solenostemon monostachyus, Celosia trigyna, Indigofera hirsute, Heterotis rotundifolia, Acmella brachyglossa, Leucaena leucocephala, Boerhavia diffusa, Spermacoce ocymoides, Oplismenus burmannii, Fimbristylis littoralis, Cyperus iris, and Kyllinga erecta.
In a more preferred aspect, the présent invention relates to the use of the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein, wherein one, several oraH harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Agératum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Altemanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, Brachiarïa delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria 10 adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachîon, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus altemifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta. Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Rottboellia cochînchînensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, 15 Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima bentniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchefytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbota, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum. Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus btflorus, Urena lobata, Vemonia 20 ambigua, Cleome viscosa, and Cuscuta australis.
Particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein or the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or ail harmful plants selected from the group consisting ofAgératum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, Altemanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata. Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridax procumbens, 25 Brachiarïa delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora. Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus. Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachîon, Mariscus altemifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata,Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium,Brachiara 30 lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Desmodium scorpiurus, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vemonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, and Cuscuta australis.
More particularly, the combination of herbicides as defined herein cr the composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined herein are used to control one, several or ail harmful plants selected from the group 3 5 consisting of Agératum conyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides, A itemanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides.
-13Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa invisa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridaxprocumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylîrtdrica, Cynodon dactylo», Pennisetum polystachion, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, 5 Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia exaltata, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta and Cuscuta australïs.
If a herbicide combination used according to the présent invention or if a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the présent invention is applied to the soil surface before germination, then 10 the weed seedlings arc either prevented completely from emerging, or the weeds grow until they hâve reached die cotylédon stage but then their growth stops, and, eventually, after three to four weeks hâve elapsed, they die completely.
If a herbicide combination used according to the présent invention or if a composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the présent invention is applied post-emcrgencc to the green parts of the 15 plants, growth likewise stops drastically a very short time after the treatment and the weed plants remain at the growth stage of the point of time of application, or they die completely after a certain time, so that in this manner compétition by the weeds, which is harmful to the crop plants, is climinated at a very early point in time and in a s us ta in ed manner.
The use of a herbicide combination used according to the présent invention and the use of a composition 20 comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the présent invention is characterized by a rapidly commencing and long-lasting herbicidal action.
In particular when the herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the présent invention and the compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the présent invention are employed appl ication rates may be reduced, a broader spectrum of broad-lcaved weeds and grass weeds maybc 25 controlled, the herbicidal action may take place more rapidly, the duration of action may be longer, the harmful plants may be controlled better while using only one, or few, applications, and the application period which is possible to be extended.
The abovementioned properties and advantages are of benefit for weed control practice to keep agricultural crops free from undesired competing plants and thus to safeguard and/or increase the yields from the qualitative 3 0 and quantitative point of view. These novcl combinations markedly cxceed the technical state of the art with a view to the properties described.
-14While the herbicide combinations according to the présent invention hâve an outstanding herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, the crop plants are damaged only to a minor extcnL ifat alL
Moreover, some of the compositions according to the présent invention hâve outstanding growth-regulatoiy 5 properties on the crop plants. They engage in the plants* metabolism in a regulatory manner and can thus be employed for provoking directed effects on plant constituents and to facilitate harvesting such as for examplc by triggering desiccation and stunted growth. Moreover, they are also suitable for the general control and inhibition of undesired végétative growth without simultaneously destroying the plants. An inhibition of végétative growth is very important in a large number of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops sinec yield losses as a resuit 10 of lodging can thus be reduced, or prevented completely.
Owing to their herbicidal and plant-growth-regulatory properties, the compositions according to the présent invention can be employed for controlling harmful plants in genetically modified crop plants or crop plants obtained by mutation/selection. These crop plants are distinguished as a rule by particular, edvantageous properties, such as résistances to herbicidal compositions or résistances to plant discases or causative agents of 15 plant diseases such as particular insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses. Other particular properties relate, for examplc, to the harvested material with regard to quantity,quality, storability, composition and spécifie constituents. Thus, for example, transgenic plants are known whose starch content is increased or whose starch quality is altered, or those where the harvested material has a different fatty acid composition.
The tuberous root crop plants can also hâve been genetically modified or been obtained by mutation sélection. 20 For example, WO 97/44473 Al relates to transforming and producing cassava plant (protoplasts). WO 92/05259 Al descibcs transgenic plants having modified carbohydrate content, inter alia cassava plants.
The présent invention also relates to a method of controlling undesired végétation (e.g. harmful plants) in tuberous root crop plants, which comprises applying a herbicide combination and compositions as defined in the context of the présent invention or applying a composition comprising a herbicide combination as defined in die 25 context of the présent invention, for examplc by the pre-cmcrgcncc method, by the post-émergence method cr by the pre-emcrgcncc and the post-emergenec method, to the plants, for example harmful plants, parts of these plants, plant seeds or the area where the plants grow, for exemple the area under cultivation.
Thus, m a further aspect, the présent invention relates to a method for controlling undesired plant growth, and/or controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants,
-15and/or régulât ing plant growth in tuberous root crop plants, comprising the step of applying a combination of herbicides or a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined hereinabove onto the tuberous root crop plants, parts of tuberous root crop plants, seeds of 5 tuberous root crop plants, the area where the tuberous root crop plants grow or the area where the tuberous root crop plants are intended to grow,
Preferably, in a method according to the présent invention as defined above, the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of swect potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot es cu tenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea), more preferably the tuberous root crop plant is cassava (Manihot 10 esculenta).
In another aspect, the présent invention relates to a method according to the présent invention as defined above, wherein one, several, or ail harmful plants as mentioned above are controlled.
In another aspect, the présent invention relates to a method according to the présent invention as defined abov, wherein the tuberous root crop plants hâve been genetically modified, preferably said tuberous root crop plants 15 arc transgenic plants or obtained by mutation/selection.
As already mentioned above, the herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the présent invention can not only be used as mixed formulations, if appropriate together with further agrochemically active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation auxiliaries, wh ich are then applied in die customary manner as a dilution with water, but also as so-called tank mixes by jointly diluting the separately formulated, or partially separately 20 formulated, components with water.
The herbicide combinations as defined in the context of the présent invention and the compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the présent invention can be formulated in various ways, depending on the prevailing biological and/or chemical-physical parameters. The following are examples of general possibilities for formulations: wettable powders (WP), water-soluble concentrâtes, emulsifiable 25 concentrâtes (EC), aqueous solutions (SL), émulsions (EW) such as oi!-in-water and water-in-oil émulsions, sprayable solutions or émulsions, suspension concentrâtes (SC), oil dispersions (OD), oil- or water-bascd dispersions, suspoemulsions, dusts (DP), seed-dressing materials, granules for soîl application or for broadeasting, or water-dispersible granules (WG), ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes.
The individual formulation types are known in principlc and arc described for exemple, in: Winnackcr-Kflchler, 30 Chemischc Technologie, Volume 7, C. Hauser Verlag Munich, 44 Edition, 1986; van Valkenburg, Pesticide
Formulations, Marcel Dekker N.Y., 1973; K. Martens, Spray Drying Handbook, 3rd Ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd. London.
-16The formulation auxiliaries required, such as inert materials, surfactants, solvents and other additives are also known and are described, for example, in Watkins, Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers”, 2nd Ed., Darland Bocks, Caldwell NJ.; H.v. Olphcn, Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry; 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y. Marsdcn, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's, Détergents and Emulsifiers Annual, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood N.J.; Sisley and Wood, Encyclopédie of Surface Active Agents, Chem. PubL Co. Inc., N.Y. 1964; SchOnfeldt, Grcnzflâchenaktive Âthylenoxidaddukte [Surfaceactive ethylene oxide adducts], Wiss. Vcrlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1976, Winnackcr-Küchlcr, Chcmischc Technologie, Volume 7, C. Hauser Vcrlag Munich, 4* Edition 1986.
Based on these formulations, combinations with other agrochemically active substances, such as other herbicides not bclonging to constituents (i) and (ii) as defined in the context of the présent invention, fongicides or insecticides, and with safeners, fertilizers and/or growth regulators, may also be prepared, for example in the form of a readymix or a tank mix.
Wettablc powdcrs (sprayablc powders) are products which are uniformly dispersiblc in water and which, besides the active compound, also comprise ionic or nonionic surfactants (wetters, dispersants), for example polyoxethylated alkylphenols, polycthoxylatcd fatty alcohols or fatty amines, alkanesulfonates or alkylbenzcncsulfonatcs, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium 2^’-dinaphthylmcthane-6,6’-disulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate or else sodium oleoylmethyltauride, in addition to a diluent or inert material.
Emulsifiable concentrâtes are prepared by dissolving the active compound in an organic solvent, for example butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic or nonionic surfactants (ernulsi fiers). Exemples of emulsifiers which may be used arc; calcium salts of alkylarylsulfonic acids, such as calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensâtes, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxethylene sorbitol esters.
Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely divided solid materials, for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
Suspension concentrâtes (SC) can be water- or oil-based. They can be prepared, for example, by wet grinding by means of commercially available bead mills and, if appropriate, addition of forther surfactants as they bave already been mentioned for example above in the case ofthe other formulation types.
Emulsions, for example oil-in-water émulsions (EW), can be prepared for example by means ofstirrcrs, colloid mills and/or static mixers us ing aqueous organic solvents and, if appropriate, forther surfactants as bave already been mentioned for example above in the case of the other formulation types.
-17Granulcs can bc prepared either by spraying the active compound onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or by applying active compound concentrâtes to the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinites or granulated inert material with the aid of bradera, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylatc or clse minerai oils. Suitable active compounds may also be granulated in the manner conventionally used for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired in a mixture with fertilizera. As a rule, water-dispcraible granules are prepared by customary processes such as spray drying, fluidized-bed granulation, disk granulation, mixing with high-speed mixers and extrusion without solid inert material. Regarding the production of disk granules, fluidized-bed granules, extrader granules and spray granules, see, for example, the methods in Spray-Drying Handbook 3rd ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd., London; J£. Browning, Agglomération, Chemical and Engineering 1967, page 147 et seq; Pcny's Chemical Engineer*s Handbook, 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York 1973, pp. 8-57.
As regards further details on the formulation oferop protection products, see, for example, G.C. Klingmam, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pages 81 -96 and JD. Freyer, S.A. Evans, Weed Control Handbook, 5th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1968, pages 101-103.
As a rule, the agrochemical formulations comprise I to 95% by weight. of active compounds, the following concentrations being customary, depending on the type of formulation:
The active compound concentration in wettable powders is, for example, approximately 10 to 95% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight being composed of customary formulation constituents. In the case of emulsifiable concentrâtes, the active compound concentration may amount to, for example, 5 to 80% by weight Formulations in the form of dusts comprise, in most cases, 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, sprayable solutions approximately 0.2 to 25% by weight of active compound. In the case of granules such as disperaiblc granules, the active compound content dépends partly on whether the active compound is présent in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaires and fillers are being used. As a rule, the content amounts to between 10 and 90% by weight in the case of the water-disperaible granules.
In addition, the abovementioned active compound formulations may comprise, if appropriate, the conventional adhesives, wettera, dispersants, cmulsificrs, preservatives, antifreeze agents, solvents, fillers, colorants, carriers, antifoams, évaporation inhibitors, pH regulatora or viscosity regulators.
The herbicidal action of the herbicide combinations according to the présent invention can be improved, for example, by surfactants, preferably by wetters from the group ofthe fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers. The fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers préférable contain 10-18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol radical and 2-20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether moiety. The fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers can be nonionic cr ionic, for example in the form of fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers sulfates, which can be used, for exemple, as alkali métal salts (e.g. sodium salts or potassium salts) or ammonium salts, but also as alkaline earth métal salts such as magnésium salts, such as sodium Cti/Cn-fatty alcohol diglycol ether sulfate (Gcnapol* LRO, Clariant); see,
-18for example, EP-A-0476555, EP-A-0048436, EP-A-0336151 or US-A-4,400,196 and also Proc. EWRS Syrnp. Factors Aficcting Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity, 227 - 232 (1988). Nonionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers are, for example, (Cio-Cu)-, preferably (Cio-Cn)-fatty alkohol polyglycol ethers containing 2 - 20, preferably 3-15, ethylene oxide units (e.g. isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether), for example from the Gcnapol® sériés, such as Genapol® X-030, Gcnapol* X-060, Genapol* X-080 or Gcnapol® X-150 (ail from Clariant GmbH).
The présent invention furthermore embraces the combination of herbicides (i) and (ii) as defined above with die wetting agents mentioned above from the group of the fatty alcohol polyglycolcttiers which preferably contain
10-18 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol radical and 2-20 ethylene oxide units in the polyglycol ether moiety and which can be présent in nonionic or ionic form (for exemple as fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates). Preference is given to Cii/Ci4-fatty alcohol diglycol ether sulfate sodium (Genapol® LRO, Clariant); and isotridecyl alcohol polyglycol ether with 3-15 ethylene oxide units, for example from the Genapol® X sériés, such as Genapol® X-030, Genapol* X-060, Genapol* X-080 or Genapol* X-150 (ail from Clariant GmbH). It is furthermore known that fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for example fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable for use as pénétrants and activity cnhanccrs for a number of other herbicides, inter alia also for herbicides from the group of the imidazolinones (see, for example, EP-A-0502014).
Moreovcr, it is known that fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers such as nonionic or ionic fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers (for exemple fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates) are also suitable as pénétrants and synergists for a number of other herbicides, inter alia also herbicides from the group of the imidazolinones; (see, for cxample, EP-A-0502014).
The herbicidal effect of the herbicide combinations according to the présent invention can also be increased using vegetable oils. The term vegetable oils is to be understood as meaning oils from oil-plant species, such as soya oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, safflower oil or castor oil, in particular rapeseed oil, and their transestérification products, for cxample alkyl esters, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester or rapeseed oil ethyl ester.
The vegetable oils are preferably esters of Cio-Ca-, preferably Ciî-Cw-fatty acids. The C10-C22-fatty acid esters are, for example, esters of unsaturated or saturated Cio-Ca-fatty acids, in particular those with an even number of carbon atoms, for example erucic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid and, in particular. Ci g-fatty acids such as stearic acid, olcic acid, linolcic acid or Iinolenic acid.
Preferred Ci-Czo-alkyl-Cio-Ca-fatty acid esters arc the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, 2-ethylhcxyl and dodecyl esters. Preferred glycol- and glyccrol-Cio-Cu-fatty acid esters arc the uniform or mixed glycol esters and glyccrol esters of Cio-Ca-fatty acids, in particular those fatty acids which hâve an even number of carbon atoms,
-19for example erucic acid, lauric acid, pal mi tic acid and, in particular, Cit-fatty acids such as stearic acid, oleic acid, linolic acid or linolcnic acid.
The vegetablc oils can be présent in the herbicidal compositions according to the présent invention for exemple in the form of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil such as Hasten* (Victorian Chemical Company, Australie, hereinbelow termed Hasten, main constituent: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob*B (Novance, France, hereinbelow termed ActirobB, main constituent rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol® (Baya- AG, Gcrmany, termed Rako-Binol hereinbelow, main constituent: rapeseed oil), Rcnol* (Stefcs, Germany, termed Rcnol hereinbelow, vegetable oil constituent rapeseed oil methyl ester), or Stefes Mcro* (Stcfes, Germany, hereinbelow termed Mcro, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester).
In a further embodiment, the présent invention embraces the combination of a herbicide combination as defined in the context of the présent invention with the vegetablc oils mentioned above. Thus, in a further embodiment, the présent invention embraces the use of compositions comprising a herbicide combination as defined in the context ofthe présent invention comprising the vegetable oils mentioned above, such as rapeseed oil, preferably in the form of commercially available oil-containing formulation additives, in particular those based on rapeseed oil such as Hasten* (Victorian Chemical Company, Australie, hereinbelow termed Hasten, main constituent: rapeseed oil ethyl ester), Actirob*B (Novance, France, hereinbelow termed ActirobB, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), Rako-Binol* (Bayer AG, Germany, termed Rako-Binol hereinbelow, main constituent: rapeseed oil), Rcnol* (Stefes, Germany, termed Renol hereinbelow, vegetable oil constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester), or Stefes Mcro® (Stefes, Germany, hereinbelow termed Mero, main constituent: rapeseed oil methyl ester).
For use, the formulations, which are présent in commercially available form, are optionally diluted in the customary manner, for example using water in the case of wettable powders, emulsifïable concentrâtes, dispersions and watcr-dispersiblc granules. Préparations in the form of dusts, soil granules, granules for broadeasting and sprayable solutions are usually not diluted further with other inert substances prior to use.
The active compounds can be applied to the plants, parts of the plants, seeds of the plants or the area under cultivation (soil of a field), preferably to the grcen plants and parts of the plants and, if appropriate, additionally tothe soi! ofthe field.
A composition comprising a herbicide combination used in the context of the présent invention has the advantage of being casier to apply, and the quantifies of the components are advantageously already presented in the correct ratio to each other. Moreover, the adjuvants in the formulation can be matched optimally to each other.
Exemples
1. Products used
The following commercially available herbicides and herbicide combinations were tested (all products available from Bayer CropScicncc):
Product Pl contained 750 g/kg of isoxaflutolc
Product P2 contained 150 g/L of indaziflam and 450 g/L of isoxaflutole
Product P3 contained 480 g/L of metribuzin
Product P4 contained 37.5 g/L of indaziflam and 480 g/L of metribuzin
2, Biolocical Trials
Trials were conducted on cassava plants on a Rcsearch Farm in Benue State, North Central, Nigeria.
Tables 1 and 2 show the respective total weed control ratings for the different products tested in pre-cmetgcnce 6 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment In each case the total weed control takes into account the control ofbroadleavcd spccies, grasses and sedges.
Inter alia controlling of the following weeds was assessed: Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus rotundus, Desmodium scorpturus, Digitaria horizortlalis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Gomphrena celosioides, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Tephrosia bracteolata, Tridax procumbens, Setaria barbota, Acanthospermum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urena lobata, Vemonta ambigua, Cynodon dactylon, and Cleome viscosa.
On average, the observed controlling of said weeds for the products P2 and P4 (herbicide combinations and compositions used in accordance with the présent invention) was about 93%.
Tables 3 and 4 show the damage ratings of cassava plants 4 weeks after treatment with the respective product
Table 5 shows die plant growth regulating effects of products P2 and P4 (herbicide combinations and compositions used in accordance with the présent invention) on cassava crop plants after harvest relative to hoeweeded cassava crop plants (as reference). The plant growth regulating effects were measured as the respective fresh root cassava yields, in each case as pcrecentage in comparison to the fresh root cassava yield of hoeweeded cassava crop plants as reference (defined as 100%).
Table 1 : Ratings of total weed control in plots treated prc-emcrgcncc with the respective product 6 weeks after treatment
| Product | Amount of Product applied | Total Weed Control in % |
| PI | 0.8 kg/ha | 95 |
| P2 | 0.33 L/ha | 96 |
| P3 | 0.66 L/ha | 40 |
| P4 | 1.5 L/ha | 97 |
Table 2: Ratings of total weed control in plots treated pre-emergcncc with the respective product 8 weeks after treatment
| Product | Amount of Product applied | Total Weed Control in % |
| PI | 0.8 kg/ha | 82 |
| P2 | 0.33 L/ha | 93 |
| P3 | 0.66 L/ha | 33 |
| P4 | 1.5 L/ha | 95 |
Table 3: Damage ratings of cassava plants 4 weeks after treatment with the respective product containing isoxaflutole
| Product | Amount of Product applied | Damage of cassava plants in % |
| PI# | 0.8 kg/ha | 98 |
| P2 | 0.33 L/ha | 16 |
#: In case of product PI not only chlorosis and stunted growth of the cassava plants were observed, but also scorching.
Table 4: Damage ratings of cassava plants 4 weeks after treatment with the respective product containing metribuzin
| Product | Amount of Product applied | Damage of cassava plants in % |
| P3 | 0.66 L/ha | 46 |
| P4 | 1.5 L/ha | 27 |
Tablc 5: Plant growth rcgulating effects of products P2 and P4 on tuberous root crop plants indicated as &csh root yield
| Product or treatment | Amount of Product applied | Yield of fresh root yield in comparison to hoe-wceding |
| P2 | 0.33 L/ha | 115% |
| P2 | 0.55 L/ha | 153% |
| P4 | 1.0 L/ha | 126% |
| P4 | 1.5 L/ha | 149% |
| Hoe-wceding (Reference) | 100% |
Claims (16)
- Clnlms;1. Use of a combination of herbicides or of a composition comprising a combination of herbicides- for controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or5 - as plant growth regulators in tuberous root crop plants, wherein said combination of herbicides comprises (i) indaziflam and (ii) metribuzin or isoxaflutole.
- 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the combination of herbicides comprises or consists of (i) indaziflam and (ii) metribuzin.
- 3. Use according to claim I, wherein the combination of herbicides comprises or consists of (i) indaziflam and (ii) isoxaflutole.
- 4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a composition is employed which additionally15 comprises one or more further components selected from the group consisting of formulation auxiliaries, additives customary in crop protection, and further agrochemically active compounds.
- 5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipotnoea bâtâtes), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and yam (plant20 species in the genus Dioscorea).
- 6. Use according to any one of claims I to 5, wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava (Manihot esculenta).25
- 7. Use according to any one of claims I to 6, wherein one, several or ail hannful plants are selected from the group of weed species consisting of Agératum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altcmanthcra spp.,-24Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp„ Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhenia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Elcusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospcrmum spp., Hyptis spp., Ccnchrus spp., Urena spp., Vemonia spp,, Clcomc spp., Crotalaria spp., Kyllinga spp., Corchorus spp., Ipomoea spp., Mitracarpus spp., Melanthera spp., Centroscma spp., Emilia spp., Croton spp., Phyllanthus spp., Passiflora spp., Axonopus spp., Oldenlandia spp., Schwenckia spp., Acalypha spp., Solenostemon spp., Celosia spp., Indigofera spp., Heterotis spp., Acmella spp., Leucaena spp., Bocrhavia spp., Spermacoce spp., Oplismcnus spp., and Fimbristylis spp..
- 8. Use according to any one of claims l to 7, wherein one, several or ail harmful plants arc selected from the group of weed species consisting of Agératum spp., Calopogonium spp., Altemanthera spp., Boreiria spp., Commelina spp., Chromolaena spp., Mimosa spp., Tridax spp., Brachiaria spp., Platostoma spp., Digitaria spp., Synedrella spp., Panicum spp., Cyperus spp., Imperata spp., Cynodon spp., Pennisetum spp., Mariscus spp., Euphorbia spp., Talinum spp., Pteridium spp., Melinis spp., Sida spp., Portulaca spp., Rottboellia spp., Sorghum spp., Ipomea spp., Dactyloctenium spp., Spigelia spp., Boerhaavia spp., Aspilia spp., Aneilima spp., Hyparrhenia spp., Andropogon spp., Paspalum spp., Rhynchelytrum spp., Elcusine spp., Setaria spp., Triumfetta spp., Stachytarpheta spp., Desmodium spp., Gomphrena spp., Tephrosia spp., Acanthospermum spp., Hyptis spp., Cenchrus spp., Urena spp., Vemonia spp., and Clcome spp..
- 9. Use according to any one of claims I to 8, wherein one, several or ail harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Agératum eonyzoides, Calopogonium mucunoides. Altemanthera sessilis, Boreiria ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chromolaena odorata, Mimosa in visa, Commelina benghalensis, Tridaxprocumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens, Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum violaceum, Mariscus alternifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia hirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora. Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia, Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, Rottboellia e.xaltata, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipomea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthemia, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenia involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbota, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta ctmlifoiia, Stachytarpheta cayennettsis, Desntodium scorpiuriis, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospennum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urcna lobata, Vemonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, Cusaitaaustralis, 5 Corchorus olitorius, Mitracarpus villosus, Melanthera scandens, Centrosema pubescens, Emilia coccinea, Croton hirtus, Phyllanthus amants, Corchorus trilociilaris, Passiflora foetida, Ipomoea involucrate, Æumopus compressas, Oldenlandia corymbosa, Acalypha ciliata, Schwenckia americana, Solenostemon monostachyus, Celosia trigyna. buligofera hirsute, Hcterotis rotundifoîia, Acmella brachyglossa, Leucaena ieucoccphala, Boerhavia diffusa. Spennacoce ocymoides. 10 Oplismenus bunnannii, Firnbristylis littoralis, Cypents iris, and Kyllinga erecta.
- 10. Use according to any one of claims I to 9, wherein one, several or ail harmful plants are selected from the group consisting of Agératum conyzoides, Calopogtmium mucunoides, Altemanthera sessilis, Boreirïa ocymoides, Commelina erecta, Chrotnolaena odorata. Mimosa invba, Commelina15 benghalensis, Tridaxprocumbens, Brachiaria delfexa, Platostoma africanum, Digitaria adscendens.Digitaria horizontalis, Synedrella nodiflora, Panicum maximum, Cypents roturidus, Cyperus esculentus, Imperata cylindrica, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum polystachion, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum vioiaceum, Mariscus aiteriiifolius, Euphorbia heterophylla, Euphorbia Itirta, Talinum triangulare, Pteridium aquilinum, Melinis ninutiflora, Sida acuta, Sida rltombifolia, 20 Commelina diffusa, Portulaca oleraceae, RottboelUa exaltata, Rottboeilia cochinchinensis, Sorghum halepense, Ipornea triloba, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiara lata, Spigelia anthem la, Boerhaavia erecta, Aspilia africana, Aneilima beniniense, Hyparrhenïa involucrate, Andropogon gayanus, Paspalum conjugatum, Paspalum orbiculatum, Rhynchelytrum repens, Eleusine indica, Setaria barbota, Setaria megaphylla, Triumfetta cordifolia, Stachytarpheta cayennensis, Desntodium 25 scorpiunts, Gomphrena celosioides, Tephrosia bracteolata, Acanthospennum hispidum, Hyptis suaveolens, Cenchrus biflorus, Urcna lobata, Vemonia ambigua, Cleome viscosa, and Cuscuta australis.
- 11. Method for30 - controlling undesired plant growth, and/or- controlling harmful plants in tuberous root crop plants, and/or-26- regulating plant growth in tuberous root crop plants, comprising the step of applying a combination of herbicides or a composition comprising a combination of herbicides as defined in any one of claims I to 4 onto the tuberous root crop plants, parts of tuberous root crop plants, seeds of tuberous root crop plants, the area where the tuberous root 5 crop plants grow or the area where the tuberous root crop plants are intended to grow.
- 12. Method according to claim 11, wherein the tuberous root crop plants are selected from the group consisting of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), cassava (Manihot escitlenta), and yam (plant species in the genus Dioscorea).
- 13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the tuberous root crop plant is cassava (Manihot esculenta).
- 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein one, several, or ail harmful plants as
- 15 defined in any one of claims 7 to 10 are controlled.15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the tuberous root crop plants hâve been genetically modified.
- 20 16 The method according to claim 15 wherein said tuberous root crop plants are transgenic plants or obtained by mutât ion/sclect ion.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14193611.2 | 2014-11-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA18279A true OA18279A (en) | 2018-09-17 |
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