WO2016173115A1 - 一种天然纤维毡布及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种天然纤维毡布及其生产方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016173115A1
WO2016173115A1 PCT/CN2015/082910 CN2015082910W WO2016173115A1 WO 2016173115 A1 WO2016173115 A1 WO 2016173115A1 CN 2015082910 W CN2015082910 W CN 2015082910W WO 2016173115 A1 WO2016173115 A1 WO 2016173115A1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
binder
natural fiber
natural
weight
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PCT/CN2015/082910
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤晓峰
Original Assignee
汤晓峰
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Publication date
Application filed by 汤晓峰 filed Critical 汤晓峰
Publication of WO2016173115A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173115A1/zh
Priority to US15/653,495 priority Critical patent/US10743478B2/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D04H1/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres and hardened by felting; Felts or felted products
    • D04H1/10—Felts made from mixtures of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/68—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/016—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • D04H3/045—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles for net manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a natural fiber felt cloth and a production method thereof.
  • the mass fraction of starch is only about 20% to 30%, and its degradation is at most the degradation of starch components, and most of the residual polyolefin film still has a porous structure.
  • Existence can not completely eliminate the problem of “soil compaction and soil fertility” in farmland.
  • the plant fiber mulch is mainly a paper mulch. Although the paper mulch can be completely decomposed and non-polluted in the soil, it is an environmentally friendly mulch. However, its strength is low, its weather resistance is poor, and it is easy to break. It is easy to be torn when laminating, and it is not suitable for mechanical filming. Therefore, in actual use, the filming is difficult, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the cost is high.
  • the patent entitled "Plant fiber nonwoven fabric and production method” (201010262355.X) discloses a mulch film and a production method thereof, which is a method of forming a hemp fiber into a net by a carding machine, and then forming a net by using an air-laid machine.
  • the hemp fiber net is chemically bonded by chemical binder impregnation; the water-repellent treatment is carried out with a fluorine-containing water repellent; the film is solidified and formed by one-time drying, and finally calendered and rolled into a roll by a cold rolling mill.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a natural fiber felt cloth which uses natural fiber, modified starch and fruit wax emulsion as raw materials for production, and the product can be completely degraded without pollution, thereby protecting the ecological environment and preventing Soil compaction, the product has the characteristics of ultra-thin, high strength, and has good insulation, moisturizing, waterproof and breathable properties.
  • the technical solution for realizing the first object of the present invention is: a natural fiber felt cloth, which is a film formed by bonding, extruding, drying and setting a natural fiber web with an adhesive, and is also coated with a waterproof surface.
  • a natural fiber felt cloth which is a film formed by bonding, extruding, drying and setting a natural fiber web with an adhesive, and is also coated with a waterproof surface.
  • Layer characterized in that
  • the natural fiber web is a fiber web which is combed by natural fibers by a carding machine, and the natural fibers are one or a combination of flax fibers, ramie fibers and cotton fibers;
  • the binder is a foam binder which is a mixture of a binder, a foaming agent and water, and the binder is 8 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the foam binder.
  • the foaming agent is 1 part by weight, the balance is water, wherein the binder is modified starch, and the foaming agent is urea;
  • the waterproof layer is formed by spraying a water repellent fruit wax emulsion on a surface of a film formed by bonding, extruding and drying a natural fiber web with a binder, and the fruit wax emulsion is a CFW type wax.
  • the technical characteristics of the natural fiber felt are as follows: the weight per unit area is 30 to 50 g/m 2 , the thickness is 0.20 to 0.35 mm, the tensile strength is 1400 to 1800 N/m, the tear strength is 50 to 90 N, and the bursting strength is 100 to 200 N, the vertical permeability coefficient is 6.0 ⁇ 10 -4 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 -4 cm / s.
  • the modified starch is an oxidized crosslinked starch;
  • the CFW type fruit wax emulsion is composed of 10% by weight to 20% by weight of natural palm wax, and 2.5% by weight to 3.0% by weight of morpholine fatty acid salt.
  • the amount is composed of water.
  • the natural fiber is a combination of 90% by weight of flax fiber and 10% by weight of cotton fiber, wherein the flax fiber has a fineness of 1.5 to 2.5 dtex, a length of 17 to 25 mm, and a cotton fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex. ⁇ 3dtex, length 15mm ⁇ 35mm, or 20wt% cotton fiber combined with 80wt% ramie fiber, wherein cotton fiber fineness is 1.5dtex ⁇ 2.5dtex, length is 16mm ⁇ 35mm, ramie fiber fineness is 3dtex ⁇ 6dtex, length 25mm ⁇ 45mm, or 100wt% linen short fiber, the fineness is 0.15 ⁇ 0.25tex, the length is 17 ⁇ 25mm.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a natural fiber felt, which is simple, environmentally friendly, low in cost, and stable in product quality.
  • a technical solution for realizing the second object of the present invention is: a method for producing the above-mentioned natural fiber felt, characterized in that the specific steps and processes are as follows:
  • the natural fiber used is one or a combination of flax fibers, ramie fibers and cotton fibers;
  • the natural fiber obtained in the step 1 is combed by a carding machine to obtain a formed natural fiber web;
  • the double-sided of the natural fiber web obtained in the step 2 is sprayed with a foam adhesive, and sprayed to form a film;
  • the foam binder used is a mixture of a binder, a foaming agent and water which is stirred for 25 minutes to 30 minutes at every 100
  • the parts by weight of the foam binder are 8-10 parts by weight of the binder, 1 part by weight of the foaming agent, and the balance is water, wherein the binder is modified starch and the foaming agent is urea;
  • the film obtained in the step 3 is dried at a drying temperature of 145 ° C to 160 ° C and a drying time of 0.5 minutes to 1 minute, and then the molding temperature is 150 ° C to 165 ° C, and the setting time is 0.5 minutes. Styling under 1 minute conditions;
  • the film obtained in the step 5 is calendered by a cold rolling mill, and then cut into a roll to be a natural fiber felt.
  • the technical method for producing the natural fiber felt is as follows: the weight per unit area is 30 to 50 g/m 2 , the thickness is 0.20 to 0.35 mm, and the tensile strength is 1400 to 1800 N/m.
  • the breaking strength is 50 to 90 N, the bursting strength is 100 to 200 N, and the vertical permeability coefficient is 6.0 ⁇ 10 -4 to 8.0 ⁇ 10 -4 cm/s.
  • the method for producing the natural fiber felt wherein the modified starch in the step 3 is an oxidized crosslinked starch; and the fructose emulsion in the step 5 is a CFW-type fruit wax emulsion, which is composed of 10% by weight to 20% by weight of natural palm. Wax, 2.5 wt% to 3.0 wt% morpholine fatty acid salt, the balance being composed of water.
  • the drying temperature in the step 4 is 150 ⁇ 2° C.
  • the drying time is 0.8 ⁇ 0.1 minutes
  • the setting temperature is 160 ⁇ 2° C.
  • the setting time is 0.7 ⁇ 0.1 minutes.
  • the method for producing the natural fiber felt wherein the natural fiber of the step 1 is a combination of 90% by weight of flax fiber and 10% by weight of cotton fiber, wherein the flax fiber has a fineness of 1.5 to 2.5 dtex and a length of 17 to 25 mm.
  • the fiber fineness is 1.5 dtex to 3 dtex, the length is 15 mm to 35 mm, or 20 wt% of cotton fiber is combined with 80 wt% of ramie fiber, wherein the cotton fiber has a fineness of 1.5 dtex to 2.5 dtex and a length of 16 mm to 35 mm, ramie.
  • the fiber fineness is 3dtex to 6dtex, the length is 25mm to 45mm, or 100% by weight of the linen short fiber, and the fineness is 0.15 to 0.25 tex, and the length is 17 to 25 mm.
  • the technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1.
  • the natural fiber felt of the technical solution of the present invention is different from the prior art products in that: 1 using modified starch as a binder and foaming agent composed of foaming agent urea and water.
  • the agent replaces the synthetic polymer binder which is now commonly used; 2 replaces the general fluorine-containing water repellent agent with a fruit wax emulsion; 3 combs the natural fiber web with a natural fiber through a carding machine.
  • the product has the characteristics of ultra-thin and high strength, but also has good thermal insulation, moisturizing, waterproof and breathable properties, and overcomes the existing plastic mulch film and various mulch films which can be partially or completely degraded, which are not suitable for degradation, for the environment and The shortcomings of soil damage; overcome the existing paper film, low strength, poor weather resistance, easy to break, easy to be torn when filming, not suitable for mechanical filming, filming is difficult, time-consuming and labor-intensive, cost-effective High disadvantage; 2.
  • the production method of the natural fiber felt fabric has the following advantages: (1) combing the net into a net by the carding machine not only saves the process of air-laid netting, reduces equipment investment, and avoids the low speed of air-laid formation due to natural fibers.
  • the raw materials used in the examples are commercially available industrial products, unless otherwise stated, and are commercially available.
  • the natural fiber of the raw material is unpacked, mixed and opened for dust removal and decontamination, and the natural fiber used is 100% by weight of flax short fiber, the fineness is about 1.5 to 2.5 dtex, and the length is 17 to 25 mm;
  • the natural fiber obtained in the step 1 is combed by a carding machine to obtain a natural fiber web;
  • the natural fiber web obtained in the step 2 is passed through the spraying zone under the anti-adhesive tray, and the foam adhesive is sprayed on both sides of the natural fiber web with a uniform nozzle, and then extruded into a film by a press roll;
  • the foam binder used is a mixture of a binder, a foaming agent and water, stirred for 25 minutes, and the binder is 9 parts by weight and the foaming agent is 1 weight per 100 parts by weight of the foam binder. And the balance is water, wherein the binder is modified starch oxidized crosslinked starch, and the foaming agent is urea;
  • the film obtained in the step 3 is supported by a tray, transferred to a drying device, and dried under the conditions of a drying temperature of 150 ° C and a drying time of 0.8 minutes, and then the setting temperature is 160 ° C, and the setting time is 0.6. Styling in minutes;
  • the double-sided film of the film obtained in the step 4 is sprayed with a water repellent fruit wax emulsion, and the fruit wax emulsion is a CFW type fruit wax emulsion;
  • the film obtained in the step 5 is calendered by a cold rolling mill, and then cut into a roll, which is a natural fiber felt cloth having a width of 200 cm and a length of 100 m per roll;
  • the technical characteristics of the obtained natural fiber felt are as follows: weight per unit area is 35 g/m2, thickness is 0.28 mm, tensile strength is 1458 N/m, tear strength is 72.8 N, bursting strength is 125.2 N, vertical permeability coefficient It is 7.12 ⁇ 10 -4 cm / s.
  • Embodiment 1 Basically the same as Embodiment 1, the differences are as follows:
  • the plant fiber used in the step 1 is a combination of 90% by weight of flax fiber and 10% by weight of cotton fiber, wherein the flax fiber has a fineness of 1.5 to 2.5 dtex, a length of 17 to 25 mm, a cotton fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex to 3 dtex, and a length of 15 mm. ⁇ 35mm;
  • the foam binder used in the step 3 is 10 parts by weight of the binder per 100 parts by weight of the foamed binder, 1 part by weight of the foaming agent, and the balance being water, wherein the binder is oxidized by modified starch.
  • Cross-linked starch, the foaming agent is urea;
  • Step 4 is to dry at a drying temperature of 150 ° C and a drying time of 0.8 minutes, and then set at a setting temperature of 160 ° C and a setting time of 0.6 minutes;
  • the technical characteristics of the obtained natural fiber felt are as follows: weight per unit area is 40 g/m2, thickness is 0.32 mm, tensile strength is 1358 N/m, tear strength is 70.9 N, bursting strength is 115.3 N, vertical permeability coefficient It is 6.80 ⁇ 10 -4 cm / s.
  • Embodiment 1 Basically the same as Embodiment 1, the differences are as follows:
  • the plant fiber used in the step 1 is a combination of 80% by weight of ramie fiber and 20% by weight of cotton fiber, wherein the ramie fiber has a fineness of 3 to 6 dtex, a length of 25 to 45 mm, a cotton fiber fineness of 1.5 dtex to 2.5 dtex, and a length of 16 mm. ⁇ 35mm;
  • the foam binder used in the step 3 is 10 parts by weight of the binder per 100 parts by weight of the foamed binder, 1 part by weight of the foaming agent, and the balance being water, wherein the binder is oxidized by modified starch.
  • Cross-linked starch, the foaming agent is urea;
  • Step 4 is to dry at a drying temperature of 150 ° C and a drying time of 1.0 minutes, and then set at a setting temperature of 160 ° C and a setting time of 0.8 minutes;
  • the technical characteristics of the obtained natural fiber felt are as follows: weight per unit area is 40 g/m2, thickness is 0.26 mm, tensile strength is 1539 N/m, tear strength is 77.9 N, bursting strength is 138.6 N, vertical permeability coefficient It is 6.86 ⁇ 10 -4 cm / s.

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

一种天然纤维毡布及其生产方法，是天然纤维网用泡沫粘合剂粘结、挤压、烘干定型而成的膜，在膜表面涂覆有防水层。由变性淀粉做粘合剂，尿素做起泡剂和水组成泡沫粘合剂，用拒水剂果蜡乳化液形成防水层。采用梳理机一次梳理形成天然纤维网，采用喷涂泡沫粘合剂粘结天然纤维网成膜，产品具有超薄、强度大，保温、保湿、透气性良好的特点，可完全降解，防止土壤板结、一定程度防治病虫害，生产过程环保、消耗能源少，广泛用于农业、经济作物生产，花草树木遮阳、保湿，包装材料等领域，具有可观的经济和社会效益。

Description

一种天然纤维毡布及其生产方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种天然纤维毡布及其生产方法。
背景技术
中国作为农业大国，农作物产量随着农业科技的发展与推广正不断提高，地膜具有保温、保湿、促进农作物生长发育和增加产量的功效，所以地膜的应用作为一种现代农业技术对农作物增产、农民增收，促进农业生产的发展作用巨大。但由于现在普遍使用成本低廉的塑料地膜，而塑料地膜不可降解，带来了“白色污染”和使土壤板结，通透性变差，地力下降等问题。为此，市场开发了可部分或完全降解的多种地膜，如淀粉添加型可降解农用地膜、光降解农用地膜、植物纤维地膜等。而目前开发的淀粉添加型可降解地膜中，淀粉的质量分数只有20％～30％左右，其降解至多是其中淀粉成分的降解，而大部分残留的聚烯烃膜仍以一种多孔的结构形态存在，均不能完全消除农田中的“土壤板结、地力下降”问题。植物纤维地膜主要是纸地膜，虽然纸地膜在土壤中可被完全分解、无污染，是环保型地膜。但其强度低、抗风雨能力差、易破损，铺膜时容易被扯破，不适宜机械铺膜。因此，在实际使用中，铺膜难度大，费时费工，成本较高。发明名称为“植物纤维无纺布及生产方法”的专利(201010262355.X)公开了一种麻地膜及生产方法，其方法是将麻纤维经梳理机成网，再用气流成网机成网；麻纤维网用化学粘合剂浸渍进行化学粘合；用含氟拒水剂进行防水处理；一次性烘燥固结成膜，最后经冷轧机进行轧光整理、成卷。由于纤维气流成网速度较低，只有20～25米/分，在规模化生产过程，影响生产效率，推高成本；同时，化学粘合剂PVA是不能完全降解的，长期和反复使用，在土壤中逐步淤积，对土壤仍然会造成很大的破坏；采用浸渍粘合工艺，在浸渍过程中，麻纤维网含水量较大。烘燥固结需要消耗更多能源，严重影响生产效率和生产成本。因此，其工艺复杂、工序多、设备投资大(台数多)、生产成本高。同时，还不能做到完全降解，达到无污染。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是:提供一种天然纤维毡布，该产品采用天然纤维、变性淀粉和果蜡乳化液作为生产原辅料，产品可完全降解，无污染，有利于保护生态环境，防止土壤板结，产品具有超薄、强度大的特点，并有良好的保温、保湿、防水透气性能。
实现本发明第一个目的的技术方案是：一种天然纤维毡布，它是天然纤维网用粘合剂粘结、挤压、烘干定型而成的膜，在膜表面还涂覆有防水层，其特征在于，
所述天然纤维网是用梳理机对天然纤维进行一次梳理成型的纤维网，其天然纤维是亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维、棉花纤维中的一种或几种的组合；
所述粘合剂为泡沫粘合剂，它是由粘合剂、起泡剂和水组成的混合物，在每100重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为8～10重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
所述防水层是用拒水剂果蜡乳化液在天然纤维网用粘合剂粘结、挤压、烘干定型而成的膜表面上喷涂形成的，该果蜡乳化液为CFW型果蜡乳化液；
所述天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为30～50g/㎡，厚度为0.20～0.35㎜，抗拉强度为1400～1800N/m,撕破强度为50～90N，顶破强度为100～200N，垂直渗透系数为6.0×10-4～8.0×10-4㎝/s。
上述天然纤维毡布，其所述变性淀粉为氧化交联淀粉；所述CFW型果蜡乳化液是由10wt％～20wt％天然棕榈蜡、2.5wt％～3.0wt％吗啉脂肪酸盐,余量为水组成的。
上述天然纤维毡布，其所述天然纤维是90wt％的亚麻纤维与10wt％的棉花纤维组合，其中，亚麻纤维细度为1.5～2.5dtex，长度为17～25mm，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～3dtex，长度为15mm～35mm，或者是20wt％的棉花纤维与80wt％的苎麻纤维组合，其中，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～2.5dtex，长度为16mm～35mm，苎麻纤维细度为3dtex～6dtex，长度为25mm～45mm，或者是100wt％的亚麻短纤维，其细度为0.15～0.25tex，长度为17～25mm。
本发明的第二个目的是:提供一种天然纤维毡布的生产方法，该方法简便，环保，成本低，产品质量稳定。
实现本发明第二个目的的技术方案是：一种上述的天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其特征在于，具体步骤和工艺如下：
①原料纤维的处理
将原料天然纤维开包、混合开松后，除尘、除杂，所用天然纤维是亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维、棉花纤维中的一种或几种的组合；
②成网
将步骤①所得天然纤维经梳理机一次梳理后得到成型的天然纤维网；
③粘合成膜
将步骤②所得天然纤维网的双面用泡沫粘合剂进行喷涂,喷涂后挤压成膜；
所用泡沫粘合剂是由粘合剂、起泡剂和水，搅拌25分钟～30分钟形成的混合物，在每100 重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为8～10重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
④烘干定型
将步骤③所得膜，在烘干温度为145℃～160℃，烘干时间为0.5分钟～1分钟的条件下进行烘干，再在定型温度为150℃～165℃，定型时间为0.5分钟～1分钟的条件下进行定型；
⑤防水处理
在步骤④所得膜的双面用拒水剂果蜡乳化液进行喷涂；
⑥轧光整理、成卷入库
将步骤⑤所得的膜，用冷轧机进行轧光处理后，分切成卷入库即为天然纤维毡布。
上述天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其制得的天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为30～50g/㎡，厚度为0.20～0.35㎜，抗拉强度为1400～1800N/m,撕破强度为50～90N，顶破强度为100～200N，垂直渗透系数为6.0×10-4～8.0×10-4㎝/s。
上述天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其所述步骤③的变性淀粉为氧化交联淀粉；所述步骤⑤的果蜡乳化液为CFW型果蜡乳化液，它是由10wt％～20wt％天然棕榈蜡、2.5wt％～3.0wt％吗啉脂肪酸盐,余量为水组成的。
上述天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其所述步骤④的烘干温度为150±2℃，烘干时间为0.8±0.1分钟；定型温度为160±2℃，定型时间为0.7±0.1分钟。
上述天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其所述步骤①的天然纤维是90wt％的亚麻纤维与10wt％的棉花纤维组合，其中，亚麻纤维细度为1.5～2.5dtex，长度为17～25mm，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～3dtex，长度为15mm～35mm，或者是20wt％的棉花纤维与80wt％的苎麻纤维组合，其中，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～2.5dtex，长度为16mm～35mm，苎麻纤维细度为3dtex～6dtex，长度为25mm～45mm，或者是100wt％的亚麻短纤维，其细度为0.15～0.25tex，长度为17～25mm。
本发明的技术效果是：1、本发明技术方案的天然纤维毡布与现有同类产品相比，其区别在于：①用变性淀粉做粘合剂与起泡剂尿素及水组成的泡沫粘合剂替代了现在通用的合成的高分子粘合剂；②用果蜡乳化液替代通用的含氟拒水剂；③用天然纤维经梳理机一次梳理形成天然纤维网。这样，不仅产品具有超薄、强度大的特点，并有良好的保温、保湿、防水透气性能，还克服了现有塑料地膜以及可部分或完全降解的多种地膜存在的不宜降解，对环境和土壤造成破坏的缺点；克服了现有的纸地膜，强度低、抗风雨能力差、易破损，铺膜时容易被扯破，不适宜机械铺膜，铺膜难度大、费时费工、成本较高的缺点；2、本发明技 术方案的天然纤维毡布的生产方法具有下述优点：①采用梳理机一次梳理成网不仅省去了气流成网的工序，减少了设备投资，更避免了由于天然纤维气流成网速度较低(只有20～25米/分)，影响生产效率，推高成本的缺欠；②天然纤维网采用喷涂泡沫粘合剂粘结制得的膜，其含水量远低于采用浸渍粘合工艺得到的膜，因此，烘干、定型所消耗能量少，生产效率高，生产成本低；③用变性淀粉替代化学合成粘合剂，用果蜡乳化液替代含氟拒水剂，使得原辅料均可完全降解，更安全且符合现代环保要求；④各个工序及工艺条件易控制，可以确保制得的天然纤维毡布产品质量稳定。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述，但不局限于此。
实施例所用原材料除另有说明外均为市售工业用品，可通过商业渠道购得。
实施例1
天然纤维毡布具体步骤和工艺如下：
①原料纤维的处理
将原料天然纤维开包、混合开松后除尘除杂，所用天然纤维是100wt％的亚麻短纤维，细度为1.5～2.5dtex左右，长度为17～25mm；
②成网
将步骤①所得天然纤维，经梳理机一次梳理后得到天然纤维网；
③粘合成膜
将步骤②所得天然纤维网在防粘托网托举下经过喷涂区，用均匀喷头将泡沫粘合剂喷涂在天然纤维网双面，然后用压辊挤压成膜；
所用泡沫粘合剂是由粘合剂、起泡剂和水，搅拌25分钟形成的混合物，在每100重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为9重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉氧化交联淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
④烘干定型
将步骤③所得膜用托网托住，传输至烘干设备，在烘干温度为150℃，烘干时间为0.8分钟的条件下进行烘干，再在定型温度为160℃，定型时间为0.6分钟的条件下进行定型；
⑤防水处理
在步骤④所得膜的双面用拒水剂果蜡乳化液进行喷涂，其果蜡乳化液为CFW型果蜡乳化液；
⑥轧光整理、成卷入库
将步骤⑤所得的膜，用冷轧机进行轧光处理后，分切成卷，入库即为天然纤维毡布，其幅宽200㎝，每卷长度100米；
制得的天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为35g/㎡，厚度为0.28㎜，抗拉强度为1458N/m,撕破强度为72.8N，顶破强度为125.2N，垂直渗透系数为7.12×10-4㎝/s。
实施例2
天然纤维毡布具体步骤和工艺如下：
与实施例1基本相同，不同点如下：
步骤①所用植物纤维是90wt％的亚麻纤维与10wt％的棉花纤维组合，其中，亚麻纤维细度为1.5～2.5dtex，长度为17～25mm，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～3dtex，长度为15mm～35mm；
步骤③所用泡沫粘合剂，在每100重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为10重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉氧化交联淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
步骤④是在烘干温度为150℃，烘干时间为0.8分钟的条件下烘干，再在定型温度为160℃，定型时间为0.6分钟的条件下进行定型；
制得的天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为40g/㎡，厚度为0.32㎜，抗拉强度为1358N/m,撕破强度为70.9N，顶破强度为115.3N，垂直渗透系数为6.80×10-4㎝/s。
实施例3
天然纤维毡布具体步骤和工艺如下：
与实施例1基本相同，不同点如下：
步骤①所用植物纤维是80wt％的苎麻纤维与20wt％的棉花纤维组合，其中，苎麻纤维细度为3～6dtex，长度为25～45mm，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～2.5dtex，长度为16mm～35mm；
步骤③所用泡沫粘合剂，在每100重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为10重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉氧化交联淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
步骤④是在烘干温度为150℃，烘干时间为1.0分钟的条件下烘干，再在定型温度为160℃，定型时间为0.8分钟的条件下进行定型；
制得的天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为40g/㎡，厚度为0.26㎜，抗拉强度为1539N/m,撕破强度为77.9N，顶破强度为138.6N，垂直渗透系数为6.86×10-4㎝/s。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种天然纤维毡布，它是天然纤维网用粘合剂粘结、挤压、烘干定型而成的膜，在膜表面还涂覆有防水层，其特征在于，
    所述天然纤维网是用梳理机对天然纤维进行一次梳理成型的纤维网，其天然纤维是亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维、棉花纤维中的一种或几种的组合；
    所述粘合剂为泡沫粘合剂，它是由粘合剂、起泡剂和水组成的混合物，在每100重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为8～10重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
    所述防水层是用拒水剂果蜡乳化液在天然纤维网用粘合剂粘结、挤压、烘干定型而成的膜表面上喷涂形成的，该果蜡乳化液为CFW型果蜡乳化液；
    所述天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为30～50g/㎡，厚度为0.20～0.35㎜，抗拉强度为1400～1800N/m,撕破强度为50～90N，顶破强度为100～200N，垂直渗透系数为6.0×10-4～8.0×10-4㎝/s。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天然纤维毡布，其特征在于，所述变性淀粉为氧化交联淀粉；所述CFW型果蜡乳化液是由10wt％～20wt％天然棕榈蜡、2.5wt％～3.0wt％吗啉脂肪酸盐,余量为水组成的。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的天然纤维毡布，其特征在于，所述天然纤维是90wt％的亚麻纤维与10wt％的棉花纤维组合，其中，亚麻纤维细度为1.5～2.5 dtex，长度为17～25mm，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～3dtex，长度为15 mm～35mm，或者是20wt％的棉花纤维与80wt％的苎麻纤维组合，其中，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～2.5dtex，长度为16mm～35 mm，苎麻纤维细度为3dtex～6dtex，长度为25 mm～45 mm，或者是100wt％的亚麻短纤维，其细度为0.15～0.25tex，长度为17～25mm。
  4. 一种权利要求1、2、3之一所述的天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其特征在于，具体步骤和工艺如下：
    ①原料纤维的处理
    将原料天然纤维开包、混合开松后，除尘、除杂，所用天然纤维是亚麻纤维、苎麻纤维、棉花纤维中的一种或几种的组合；
    ②成网
    将步骤①所得天然纤维经梳理机一次梳理后得到成型的天然纤维网；
    ③粘合成膜
    将步骤②所得天然纤维网的双面用泡沫粘合剂进行喷涂,喷涂后挤压成膜；
    所用泡沫粘合剂是由粘合剂、起泡剂和水，搅拌25分钟～30分钟形成的混合物，在每100重量份的泡沫粘合剂中，粘合剂为8～10重量份、起泡剂为1重量份、余量为水，其中的粘合剂为变性淀粉，起泡剂为尿素；
    ④烘干定型
    将步骤③所得膜，在烘干温度为145℃～160℃，烘干时间为0.5分钟～1分钟的条件下进行烘干，再在定型温度为150℃～165℃，定型时间为0.5分钟～1分钟的条件下进行定型；
    ⑤防水处理
    在步骤④所得膜的双面用拒水剂果蜡乳化液进行喷涂；
    ⑥轧光整理、成卷入库
    将步骤⑤所得的膜，用冷轧机进行轧光处理后，分切成卷入库即为天然纤维毡布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其特征在于，制得的天然纤维毡布的技术特性如下：单位面积重量为30～50g/㎡，厚度为0.20～0.35㎜，抗拉强度为1400～1800N/m,撕破强度为50～90N，顶破强度为100～200N，垂直渗透系数为6.0×10-4～8.0×10-4㎝/s。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其特征在于，所述步骤③的变性淀粉为氧化交联淀粉；所述步骤⑤的果蜡乳化液为CFW型果蜡乳化液，它是由10wt％～20wt％天然棕榈蜡、2.5wt％～3.0wt％吗啉脂肪酸盐,余量为水组成的。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其特征在于，所述步骤④的烘干温度为150±2℃，烘干时间为0.8±0.1分钟；定型温度为160±2℃，定型时间为0.7±0.1分钟。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的天然纤维毡布的生产方法，其特征在于，所述步骤①的天然纤维是90wt％的亚麻纤维与10wt％的棉花纤维组合，其中，亚麻纤维细度为1.5～2.5 dtex，长度为17～25mm，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～3dtex，长度为15 mm～35mm，或者是20wt％的棉花纤维与80wt％的苎麻纤维组合，其中，棉花纤维细度为1.5dtex～2.5dtex，长度为16mm～35 mm，苎麻纤维细度为3dtex～6dtex，长度为25 mm～45 mm，或者是100wt％的亚麻短纤维，其细度为0.15～0.25tex，长度为17～25mm。
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