WO2016173001A1 - 秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉及其方法 - Google Patents

秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016173001A1
WO2016173001A1 PCT/CN2015/078736 CN2015078736W WO2016173001A1 WO 2016173001 A1 WO2016173001 A1 WO 2016173001A1 CN 2015078736 W CN2015078736 W CN 2015078736W WO 2016173001 A1 WO2016173001 A1 WO 2016173001A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boiler
furnace
straw
temperature
incineration
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PCT/CN2015/078736
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪深
叶建平
Original Assignee
湖南屎壳郎环境科技有限公司
汪深
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Application filed by 湖南屎壳郎环境科技有限公司, 汪深 filed Critical 湖南屎壳郎环境科技有限公司
Publication of WO2016173001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016173001A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G1/00—Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an atmospheric boiler and a method thereof for incinerating dead animals, livestock and poultry and domestic garbage by using a straw fuel block, and producing hot water.
  • biomass raw materials such as straw for mineral fuels for production and living, and realizing resource utilization, reducing the volume fraction of NOx and SO2 in the atmosphere; it is important for protecting the environment, developing the economy, and implementing the energy sustainable development strategy. Realistic meaning.
  • a special boiler is required for efficient combustion of straw-forming fuel.
  • the general practice in China is to reform the coal-fired boiler, but this has the volume and shape of the furnace, the heating area of the boiler, and the excess air coefficient. Problems such as mismatched molding fuel.
  • the boiler has lower combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency, lower output and working fluid parameters, and excessive pollutant discharge.
  • Biomass boiler feed systems often encounter bridging and arching, especially for soft Straw-like materials, due to the soft texture, low fluidity, serious material entanglement, and it is difficult to ensure the ideal length during the cutting process. It is common to bridge and arch in all aspects of feeding.
  • the conventional spiral conveying equipment is not suitable for straw materials, and often there are cases where the material is blocked, the rotation is blocked, etc., resulting in unstable output of the biomass processing equipment, affecting the safe and stable operation of the boiler.
  • the storage and storage The transportation and pretreatment modes are quite different from those in foreign countries.
  • the domestic biomass has a strong speciality, and the imported equipment is not well adapted. Therefore, the development of a suitable biomass boiler is of great significance.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above background art, and to provide an atmospheric pressure boiler which burns dead livestock and poultry and waste water and produces hot water by using straw.
  • the law treats large quantities of organic waste pollutants from rural areas and provides hot water for high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactors that produce organic fertilizers. It has many functions and high efficiency, and realizes the harmlessness and reduction of rural organic waste pollutants. Recycling resources to protect the rural environment and people's health.
  • An atmospheric pressure boiler for burning livestock and poultry and garbage and producing hot water by straw burning comprising a boiler base, a boiler shell, a boiler body, a boiler wall, a furnace, a grate, a combustion system, a blowing device, an air guiding device, and a slag removing device
  • the boiler body is installed on the base of the boiler
  • the furnace is a combustion chamber formed by the boiler wall, the boiler body and the grate
  • the grate is arranged under the furnace and above the boiler base
  • the invention is characterized in that the combustion system is composed of a combustion machine
  • the straw block automatic conveying device and the straw fuel block are composed, the burner is fixed on the front plate of the boiler, the burner flame nozzle is located at the front of the furnace and above the grate; the incineration door and the incineration cap are designed at the rear of the furnace.
  • a dead animal and domestic garbage feeding device outside the incineration door; a front smoke box and a rear smoke box are designed at the upper ends of the boiler body; the air blowing device and the air guiding device are connected in series at the two ends of the boiler air circuit
  • the air introducing device is connected to the top exhaust pipe of the boiler, and the air guiding device is composed of an induced draft fan and a flue, and the output pipe of the air guiding device is connected to the hot and cold air mixer, the hot and cold air mixer Connected to the blower, the blower is connected to the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor through the pipeline;
  • the hot water circulation system is connected between the hot water outlet pipe and the return pipe of the boiler body, and the hot water circulation system is connected in series with the circulation pump And solid high temperature aerobic fermentation reactor jacket, liquid high temperature aerobic fermentation reactor jacket;
  • atmospheric boiler also has a boiler control system, the boiler control system includes a sensor installed on the atmospheric boiler, programmable controller, Alarm and data gateway,
  • the water pipe temperature, water level, furnace pressure, and the collected data are transmitted to the programmable controller.
  • the programmable controller performs corresponding control and alarm according to the data fed back by the sensor.
  • the alarm includes and is not limited: the fuel shortage alarm Water shortage alarm, over temperature alarm.
  • the incineration pile is made of refractory material.
  • the burner uses a local cheap fuel burner such as diesel, biogas or natural gas.
  • the furnace maintains a negative pressure condition, and the negative pressure ranges from -10 to -200 Pa, and the frequency of the induced draft fan is adjusted by the frequency converter or the opening degree of the damper is adjusted.
  • the boiler body comprises a drum, a water wall and a convection tube bundle, and the drum is arranged at an upper part of the furnace, and a convection system is formed with the heating surface tube and the descending tube, and the water wall is distributed on both sides of the furnace, which is a boiler body.
  • the radiant heating surface, the convection tube bundle is the main convection heating surface of the boiler body.
  • the front smoke box and the rear smoke box are disposed at two ends of the convection tube bundle flue gas confluence in the drum.
  • the senor includes a furnace temperature sensor, a flue gas temperature sensor, an inlet and outlet water temperature sensor, a water level sensor, and a furnace pressure sensor.
  • the sick animal and domestic garbage feeding device is a lifting mechanism, a tilting tray and a tray bracket installed on the mobile trolley.
  • the method of burning straw to kill dead animals and garbage and producing hot water includes:
  • the operator operates the sick and dead livestock and domestic garbage feeding device, shovel the animal carcass or domestic garbage onto the reversible tray, and then operate the lifting mechanism to lift the tray to the appropriate height of the incineration door, and then move the trolley to the livestock
  • the poultry disease dead livestock and domestic garbage are sent into the furnace.
  • the lock When the lock is in place, the lock can be turned over, the tray can be tilted over, and the animal carcass or domestic garbage can slide down to the burning platform on the slope, then exit the mobile trolley, close the incineration door and lock. Tight, you can start incineration operations;
  • the atmospheric pressure boiler is also provided with a boiler control system.
  • the boiler control system is responsible for collecting key data of all aspects of the atmospheric boiler, and coordinating and controlling the various parts of the boiler according to the collected data, and the key of the boiler operation. Data is sent to the cloud or remote server for reference or management through the data gateway; sensors installed on the atmospheric boiler collect the furnace temperature, flue gas temperature, inlet and outlet water temperature, water level, furnace pressure, and transmit the collected data to The programmable controller and the programmable controller perform corresponding control and alarm according to the data fed back by the sensor, and the alarm includes but is not limited to: a fuel shortage alarm, a water shortage alarm, and an over temperature alarm;
  • the boiler control system communicates with the data gateway to record the key data and the operating status of the system through the data gateway to the cloud server or remote server.
  • the demand side of the relevant data can log in to the server to read the relevant information by digital authentication.
  • the data and reports, users and equipment manufacturers can make planned services in advance according to equipment abnormalities and alarm information, or upgrade or improve equipment according to data statistics; and relevant government departments can rely on image data and straw
  • the delivery speed, the state of the burner, the furnace temperature data before and after the release of sick animals or domestic garbage constitute a complete evidence chain, and determine the incineration amount of sick and dead livestock, domestic garbage and straw as the basis for relevant management;
  • the flue gas discharged from the upper part of the atmospheric pressure boiler is connected to the intake pipe of the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the intake pipe of the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor through a hot and cold air mixer;
  • the exhaust pipe of the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor is connected to the biological deodorizing filter tower through a cooling condenser;
  • Automatic mode the automatic control system controls the slag according to the material position of the ash
  • Manual mode manual control of the operation of the slag discharge machine
  • the ash or unburned soot removed from the boiler is sent to the high-temperature fermentation reactor through the conveying system and fermented together with the feces to produce solid organic fertilizer;
  • Fire-discharging operation observe the combustion situation in the furnace through the observation hole. If it is found that the straw fuel block is piled up, the ventilation is poor, etc., the fire-fighting tool can be manually used to improve;
  • the boiler base of the invention is located at the lower part of the boiler and directly connected with the foundation, and is a structural member for supporting and fixing the components of the boiler and maintaining the relative positions thereof; and a ash chute is arranged in the middle of the boiler base for receiving the burning ash, the base box
  • the profile beam is used as an air inlet channel.
  • the boiler body is installed on the base of the boiler, and comprises a drum, a water wall, a convection tube bundle, etc.;
  • the drum is arranged in the upper part of the furnace, is a container for storing hot water, and forms a water circulation loop with the heating surface tube and the descending tube;
  • the water wall is distributed On both sides of the furnace, the radiant heating surface of the hot water boiler absorbs the radiant heat of the hot flue gas of the furnace, heats the working hot water and protects the wall;
  • the convection tube bundle is the main convection heating surface of the hot water boiler, and flows out of the furnace The hot flue gas undergoes convective heat transfer to heat the working hot water.
  • Front and rear smoke boxes are designed at both ends of the flue gas confluence of the convection tube bundle in the drum to ensure the flow of the flue gas flowing out of the furnace in and out of the convection tube bundle.
  • the boiler shell is a cover that is installed on the exterior of the boiler. It mainly protects the internal parts of the boiler and maintains the overall integrity of the boiler.
  • the boiler wall is composed of refractory materials, thermal insulation materials and outer casings.
  • the boiler wall and boiler body and grate The combustion chamber formed by the furnace is a furnace, and a special incineration door and a burning capping structure made of refractory materials are designed at the rear of the furnace.
  • the livestock and poultry carcasses and domestic garbage are sent to the furnace by the incineration door and placed in the burning cap. In order to ensure the dead bodies of dead animals and domestic garbage, there is enough incineration space in the furnace.
  • the height, width and length of the furnace are designed according to the volume of livestock and animals and the domestic garbage to be treated plus enough burning space.
  • a grate is arranged under the furnace and above the base.
  • the grate can be a fixed grate or a chain grate. When the grate is fixed, the straw-like biomass fuel block can be successfully passed on the fixed grate.
  • the ventilation grooves on the grate are arranged along the moving direction to reduce The resistance to movement of the straw block.
  • the combustion system consists of a burner and a straw block automatic conveying device and a straw fuel block.
  • the burner is fixed on the front panel of the boiler through a multi-functional flange.
  • the burner flame nozzle is located at the front of the furnace, above the grate, and after the furnace.
  • the burning of the burning platform forms a high-temperature flame on the burning platform;
  • the diesel burner or the biogas burner can be bolted to the front plate of the boiler through the corresponding mounting holes of the multi-function flange;
  • the straw block automatic conveying device is composed of a straw block hopper, a pushing plate driving mechanism, a guiding groove and a bracket, and the straw block automatic conveying device is fixed under the burning machine and above the grate, and the straw block automatically introduced by the straw block automatic conveying system. It can be moved on the grate, and a flame blocking door is arranged between the guiding channel of the automatic conveying system of the straw block and the boiler body;
  • the organic raw materials such as straw are pre-compressed into long block shaped fuel blocks, and the straw-like organic forming fuel blocks are commonly used in rural areas such as corn, sorghum, straw and other straws, as well as reeds and branches.
  • the organic matter such as leaves and sawdust is used as raw material, which is pulverized, compounded, mixed and heated to form a compact, and the density after compression is 0.7 to 1.3.
  • the straw block hopper is installed on the bracket for storing the straw fuel block, and the pusher plate driving mechanism is further mounted on the bracket, and the pusher plate is coupled with the pusher plate driving mechanism, and the straw is intermittently driven by the pushing plate driving mechanism.
  • the fuel block is pushed into the furnace, and a guiding groove is arranged between the pushing mechanism and the boiler feeding door.
  • the guiding groove ensures that the direction of the fuel block pushing process does not deviate and is isolated from the outside air, and a fire blocking door is arranged in the guiding groove.
  • the pushing speed and rhythm of the fuel block are automatically adjusted by the control system according to the combustion condition;
  • the fire blocking door can be electrically driven by the control system according to the push.
  • the rhythm is automatically turned on and off, or it can be mechanical, pushed by the pusher plate drive mechanism Open or close;
  • the air supply device and the air intake device of the multifunctional boiler are connected in series at both ends of the air circuit; the air supply device is composed of a blower, a ventilation duct, a duct, and a secondary line of the air preheater, and the blower sends the air into the air preheater.
  • the furnace is input into the furnace through the pipeline or directly sent to the furnace and mixed with the fuel.
  • the positive air supply duct is arranged in the air supply duct of each wind chamber, and the ventilation holes are uniformly distributed on the pipeline, and the air supply device is also provided.
  • a valve that can adjust the air volume and the wind pressure is provided, and the air volume and the wind pressure of each wind chamber can be made uniform by adjusting the valve.
  • the air guiding device is composed of an induced draft fan and a flue. Under the negative pressure of the induced draft fan, the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the boiler is connected to an input port of a hot and cold air mixer through a flue, and another input of the hot and cold air mixer.
  • the port is connected to the atmosphere, the output port of the hot and cold air mixer is connected to the input of the blower, and the output of the blower is connected to the high temperature aerobic fermentation reactor (solid high temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and liquid high temperature aerobic fermentation reactor)
  • the exhaust port of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor is connected to the cooling condenser through a pipeline, and the exhaust port of the cooling condenser is connected to the biological deodorizing filter tower through a pipeline, and the flow rate of the blower is greater than or equal to the induced draft fan in the multifunctional boiler. The sum of the flow rate and the air flow required for the aerobic fermentation reactor.
  • the exhaust of the multi-functional boiler exhaust pipe and the fresh air are mixed in the hot and cold air mixer, and then sent to the aerobic fermentation reactor by the blower to supply the fermented material in the aerobic fermentation reactor with heat.
  • the mixed gas, and the exhaust gas discharged from the aerobic fermentation reactor is cooled by the cooling condenser and sent to the biological deodorizing filter tower, and the odor is discharged to the atmosphere through the filtering and deodorization of the biological deodorizing filter tower.
  • the furnace adopts a negative pressure working condition of -10 to 200 Pa, and the frequency converter adjusts the speed of the induced draft fan or adjusts the opening degree of the air valve;
  • the slag removal system is installed at the ash hopper below the boiler, so that the burned ash is discharged by the conveying mechanism under the ash hopper.
  • a fire door, a ash door, an observation hole, and the like are disposed on the wall of the boiler.
  • the hot water circulation system is connected between the outlet pipe and the return pipe of the boiler body, and the hot water is sent to the high-temperature fermentation reactor by the circulation pump, and the cooled return water is sent to the boiler for heating.
  • the automatic control system is responsible for collecting key data of all aspects of the multi-function boiler, and coordinating and controlling various parts of the boiler according to the collected data, and sending the key data of the boiler operation to the cloud or remote server for future reference or management;
  • the sensor separately collects the furnace temperature, the flue gas temperature, the temperature of the inlet and outlet pipes, the water level, the furnace pressure, and transmits the collected data to the programmable controller.
  • the controller performs corresponding control and alarm according to the data fed back by the sensor, and the alarm includes Not limited to: fuel shortage alarm, water shortage alarm, over temperature alarm and other alarm prompts.
  • the sick animal and livestock and domestic garbage feeding device is a lifting mechanism installed on the mobile trolley, a tilting tray, a tray bracket, etc., and the animal or animal corpse or domestic garbage is shoveled onto the reversible tray when feeding, and then The lifting mechanism is raised to the appropriate height of the incineration door, and then the moving trolley transports the dead animal corpse or domestic garbage into the furnace.
  • the lock is opened, the tray can be tilted, and the animal body slides down to the burning platform. Then exit the trolley, the flip tray is reset under the action of gravity, and the incineration operation can be started after the furnace door is closed.
  • the reversible tray can be made of stainless steel heat-resistant material.
  • the straw is collected and compressed into a block fuel, which has the following characteristics:
  • the boiler has not only managed the rural waste straw, but also managed the dead animals and poultry bodies and domestic garbage, contributing to the environmental protection cause of the new rural areas.
  • the waste smoke is filtered by the high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the biological deodorization filter tower, and the solid matter such as fly ash remains in the fermented material in the fermentation reactor, or is filtered by the biological deodorization filter tower, and in the waste smoke Toxic substances such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide are combined with the moisture in the fermented feces in the aerobic fermentation reactor to release H+, which is beneficial to reduce the pH of the feces, thereby reducing the release of ammonia nitrogen from the feces. To reduce the nutrient loss of organic fertilizer.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of the structural composition of a straw-type biomass hot water boiler
  • Figure 2 is an internal structure diagram of a straw-based biomass hot water boiler
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the straw block automatic conveying device
  • FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of automatic conveying device for straw block
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the dead body of livestock and poultry animals and the domestic garbage feeding device
  • FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of a hot water boiler incineration door
  • FIG. 7 Circulating pump fermenter hot water heating system.
  • the atmospheric pressure boiler for burning straw dead animals and garbage and producing hot water comprises a boiler base 14, a boiler body 4, a front smoke box 2, a rear smoke box 7, an outer casing 3 and a boiler wall 32, a furnace 31, a furnace Incineration cap 28, incineration door 21, grate 30, straw block automatic conveying device 1, burner 15, air supply duct 12, blower 17, air guiding device 13, slag removing device 11, hot water circulation system 706, boiler control System 19, and sick animal and domestic animal feeding device 9.
  • the boiler base 14 is located at the lower part of the boiler and is directly coupled with the foundation. It is a structural member for supporting and fixing the components of the boiler and maintaining their relative positions. In the middle of the boiler base 14, an ash chute 29 is also arranged for receiving the burning ash, and the base 14 Box beams are used as inlet channels.
  • the boiler body 4 is mounted on the boiler base 14, and includes a drum 33, a water wall tube 26, a convection pipe bundle 20, and the like; the drum 33 is disposed at the upper portion of the furnace 31, is a container for storing hot water, and is connected to the heating surface pipe member and descends
  • the water pipe 26 is distributed on both sides of the furnace 31, is a radiant heating surface of the hot water boiler, absorbs the radiant heat of the hot flue gas of the furnace 31, heats the working hot water and protects the wall 32; convection smoke
  • the tracheal bundle 20 is the main convection heating surface of the hot water boiler, and performs convective heat exchange with the hot flue gas flowing out of the furnace 31 to heat the working medium such as hot water.
  • a front smoke box 2 and a rear smoke box 7 are designed at both ends of the flue gas confluence of the convection pipe bundle 20 in the drum 33 to ensure that the flue gas flowing out of the furnace 31 enters and exits the convection pipe bundle 20 The current flow.
  • the boiler casing 3 is a cover member installed on the exterior of the boiler, mainly for protecting the internal components of the boiler and maintaining the overall integrity of the exterior.
  • the boiler wall 32 is composed of refractory material, heat insulating material and outer casing 3, and the boiler wall 32 and the boiler are provided.
  • the body 4 and the grate 30 and the like form a combustion chamber of the furnace 31, and a special incineration door 21 and a structure of the incineration platform 28 made of refractory material are designed in the rear part of the furnace 31, and the livestock and poultry carcasses and domestic garbage 8 are
  • the incineration door 21 is sent to the furnace and placed on the incineration platform 28.
  • the height, width and length of the furnace 31 are in accordance with the animals and animals. Handle the volume of domestic waste plus enough burning space to design.
  • a grate 30 is arranged below the furnace 31 and above the boiler base 14.
  • the grate 30 can be a fixed grate or a chain grate. When the grate is fixed, the straw-like biomass fuel block can be fixed. The grate passes smoothly, and the ventilation grooves on the grate are arranged along the moving direction to reduce the movement resistance of the straw block.
  • the combustion system is composed of a burner 15 and a straw block automatic conveying device 1 and a straw fuel block 18.
  • the burner 15 is fixed on the boiler front panel 16 through a multi-functional flange, and the burner 15 flame nozzle is located at the front of the furnace 31 and the furnace.
  • the straw block automatic conveying device 1 comprises a straw block hopper 201, a fuel feeding trough 202, a block block 203, a pusher plate 204, a feeding platform 205, a platform support 206, and a pusher plate drive machine.
  • the structure 207 and the fire blocking door 208 are composed of the straw block automatic conveying device 1 fixed under the burner 15 and above the grate 30, and the straw fuel block 18 pushed out by the straw block automatic conveying device 1 can be directed on the grate 30 Before moving, between the fuel feeding trough 202 of the straw block automatic conveying device 1 and the boiler front panel 16, a flame blocking door 208 is provided;
  • the organic raw materials such as straw are pre-compressed into long strip shaped fuel blocks, and the straw-like organic forming fuel blocks are commonly used in rural areas such as corn, sorghum, straw and other straws, as well as reeds, branches and leaves.
  • the organic matter such as wood chips is used as a raw material, and is formed by pulverization, compounding, mixing, and heating, and the density after compression is 0.7 to 1.3.
  • the straw block hopper 201 is mounted on the feeding platform 205 for storing the straw fuel block 18.
  • the feeding platform 205 is further provided with a pushing plate driving mechanism 207, and the pushing plate 204 is coupled with the pushing plate driving mechanism 207, and the pushing plate is
  • the straw fuel block 18 is intermittently pushed into the furnace 31 by the driving mechanism 207, and a fuel feeding groove 202 is provided between the straw block automatic conveying device 1 and the feeding door of the boiler front panel 16, and the fuel feeding groove 202 ensures the straw fuel.
  • the block 18 push process direction does not deviate and is isolated from the outside air.
  • a flame arresting door is arranged at the end of the fuel feeding trough 202 to ensure safe operation; the pushing speed and rhythm of the straw fuel block 18 are automatically adjusted by the automatic control system 19 according to the combustion condition; the fire blocking door 208 can be an electric automatic control system. 19 automatically opened and closed according to the rhythm of the push, or mechanical, pushed or closed by the pusher plate driving mechanism 207;
  • the air supply device and the air guiding device of the multifunctional boiler are connected in series at both ends of the air circuit;
  • the air blowing device is composed of a blower 17, a ventilation duct 12 and a secondary line of the air preheater 705, and the blower 17 sends the air to the air preheater 705 to be heated, and then enters the furnace 31 through the pipeline or directly sends the air into the furnace. 31 mixed with fuel, each wind chamber.
  • the air supply arrangement of the positive pressure air supply duct 12, the duct is uniformly distributed with ventilation holes, and the air supply device is also provided with a damper that can adjust the air volume and the wind pressure, and the air volume and wind pressure of each wind chamber can be adjusted by the adjustment of the air valve.
  • the air guiding device is composed of an induced draft fan 704 and a flue 12. Under the negative pressure of the induced draft fan 704, the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the boiler is connected to an input port of a hot and cold air mixer 707 through the flue 12, and the hot and cold air is mixed.
  • the other input port of the 707 is directly connected to the atmosphere, the output port of the hot and cold air mixer 707 is connected to the input of the reactor blower 710, and the output of the reactor blower 710 is connected to the high temperature aerobic fermentation reactor 703.
  • the exhaust port of the aerobic fermentation reactor 703 is connected to the cooling condenser 708 through a pipe, and the exhaust port of the cooling condenser 708 is connected to the biological deodorizing filter tower 709 through a pipe, and the flow rate of the reactor blower 710 is greater than or equal to the multifunctional function.
  • the furnace adopts a negative pressure working condition of -10 to 200 Pa, and the frequency converter adjusts the rotation speed of the induced draft fan 704 or adjusts the opening degree of the air valve;
  • the slag removal system 11 is installed at the ash sump 29 below the boiler, so that the burned ash is discharged by the conveying mechanism under the ash hopper 27.
  • a fire door 10 a ash door, an observation hole, and the like are disposed on the wall of the boiler.
  • the hot water circulation system 706 is connected between the water outlet pipe 5 of the boiler body 4 and the return water pipe 6, and the hot water is sent to the high temperature fermentation reactor 703 by the circulation pump 702, and the cooled return water is sent to the boiler body of the boiler 701. Reheating
  • the hot water is supplied to the heat tracing system of the fermentation reactor 703 through the water supply pipe 5, and the cooled working fluid is returned to the inlet of the circulation pump 703 through the return pipe 6, and is pumped to the pan by the circulating water pump 702.
  • the hot water in the circulating multi-function hot water boiler 701 and the material in the aerobic fermentation reactor 703 are heat exchanged, and the flue gas discharged from the multifunctional hot water boiler 701 is
  • the flue gas duct 13 heats the fresh cold air outside the furnace through the air preheater 705 to be heated by the blower 17 and then sent to the furnace 31 by the air supply duct 12, thereby improving the boiler operating efficiency and achieving further energy saving.
  • the operator presses the "incineration” button, and the automatic control system 19 first turns off the blower 17 of the boiler, and then electrically opens the door, or manually rotates the hand brake 403 of the door opening mechanism to push
  • the pressing rod 402 is swung at a certain angle, and then the door cover 405 is pulled outward to rotate about the door hinge 404, and the incineration door 21 is opened.
  • the door opening mechanism of the incineration door 21 is provided with a position detecting switch 406.
  • the detecting switch 406 issues a stop command of the blower 17, and the blower 17 automatically stops running.
  • the boiler control system 19 is responsible for collecting key data of various aspects of the multi-function boiler 701, and coordinating and controlling various parts of the boiler according to the collected data, and transmitting key data of the boiler operation to the cloud or remote server for future reference or management. ;
  • the sensor separately collects the furnace temperature, the flue gas temperature, the temperature of the inlet and outlet pipes, the water level, the furnace pressure, and transmits the collected data to the programmable controller.
  • the controller performs corresponding control and alarm according to the data fed back by the sensor, and the alarm includes Not limited to: fuel shortage alarm, water shortage alarm, over temperature alarm and other alarm indications.
  • the livestock and poultry animal carcass and domestic garbage feeding device 9 is composed of a lifting mechanism 24, a tilting tray 22, a tray bracket 23, and the like installed on the moving cart 25, and the body of the animal or the domestic garbage 8 is shoveled to the tilt when feeding. Turning over the tray 22, and then lifting by the lifting mechanism 24 To the appropriate height of the incineration door 21, the moving cart 25 then feeds the animal carcass or domestic garbage 8 into the furnace 31. After the position, the trip handle 103 is operated, and the pull rod 102 is pushed to open the lock 101, which can be tilted under the force of gravity. The turning tray 22 is turned over, and the animal carcass or domestic garbage 8 slides down on the burning platform 28 on the inclined surface, and then exits the trolley. The tilting tray 22 is reset by gravity, and the incineration door 21 is closed, and the incineration can be started. After work, the tiltable tray 22 can be made of stainless steel heat resistant material.
  • the boiler control system 19 activates the induced draft fan 704 and the blower 17, the straw automatic conveying device 1 is started, the straw is transported into the furnace 31, and the burner 15 is ignited;
  • the operator operates the sick and dead livestock and domestic garbage feeding device 9, and shovels the sick and dead livestock and domestic garbage 8 onto the tiltable tray 22, and then operates the lifting mechanism 24 to lift the tiltable tray 22 to the incineration door 21.
  • the mobile cart 25 is then driven to bring the dead livestock and domestic garbage 8 into the furnace 31.
  • the lock 101 is opened, the tilting tray 22 is turned over, and the animal carcass or the domestic garbage 8 slides down to the incineration.
  • the incineration operation can be started;
  • the automatic control system 19 can also be built in a program to time the rapid incineration, and the set time is up, and the burner 15 is automatically turned off periodically;
  • the atmospheric pressure boiler is also provided with a boiler control system.
  • the boiler control system is responsible for collecting key data of all aspects of the atmospheric boiler, and coordinating and controlling the various parts of the boiler according to the collected data, and the key of the boiler operation.
  • Data is sent to the cloud or remote server for reference or management through the data gateway; sensors installed on the atmospheric boiler collect the furnace temperature, flue gas temperature, inlet and outlet water temperature, water level, furnace pressure, and transmit the collected data to
  • the programmable controller and the programmable controller perform corresponding control and alarm according to the data fed back by the sensor, and the alarm includes and is not limited to: an alarm indication such as a fuel shortage alarm, a water shortage alarm, an over temperature alarm, and the like.
  • the boiler control system communicates with the data gateway to record the key data and the operating status of the system through the data gateway to the cloud server or remote server.
  • the demand side of the relevant data can log in to the server to read the relevant information by digital authentication.
  • the data and reports, users and equipment manufacturers can make planned services in advance according to equipment abnormalities and alarm information, or upgrade or improve equipment according to data statistics; and relevant government departments can rely on image data and straw
  • the delivery speed, the state of the burner, the furnace temperature data before and after the release of sick animals or domestic garbage constitute a complete evidence chain, and determine the incineration amount of sick and dead livestock, domestic garbage and straw as the basis for relevant management;
  • the flue gas discharged from the upper part of the atmospheric pressure boiler is connected to the intake pipe of the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the intake pipe of the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor through a hot and cold air mixer;
  • the exhaust pipe of the solid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor and the liquid high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor is connected to the biological deodorizing filter tower through a cooling condenser;
  • Automatic mode the automatic control system controls the slag according to the material position of the ash
  • Manual mode manual control of the operation of the slag discharge machine
  • the ash or unburned soot removed from the boiler is sent to the high-temperature fermentation reactor through the conveying system and fermented together with the feces to produce solid organic fertilizer;
  • Fire-discharging operation observe the combustion condition in the furnace through the observation hole. If the straw fuel block is found to be stacked and the ventilation is poor, the fire-fighting tool can be used manually. improve;

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Abstract

一种秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾（8）并生产热水的常压锅炉及其方法，其中包括锅炉底座（14）、锅炉外壳（3）、锅炉本体（4）、锅炉墙体（32）、炉膛（31）、炉排（30）、燃烧系统、送风装置、引风装置（13）和除渣装置（11），所述燃烧系统由燃烧机（15）、秸秆块自动输送装置（1）和秸秆燃料块（18）组成，炉膛（3）后部设计了焚化门（21）和焚烧承台（28），焚化门（21）外设有病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置（9），常压锅炉的高温烟气和热水还连接固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器，常压锅炉还设有自动控制系统。该锅炉对农村有机废弃物进行无害化、减量化、资源化处理，保护农村环境和人们身体健康。

Description

秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉及其方法 技术领域
本发明属于环境保护技术领域，具体涉及一种使用秸秆燃料块焚化病死动物畜禽和生活垃圾，并生产热水的常压锅炉及其方法。
背景技术
在利用养殖业的废弃物(主要为动物粪便)生产有机肥时，为给好氧微生物提供适宜的繁殖环境，需要采用锅炉同时向好氧发酵反应器供应热水和新鲜热空气，锅炉通常使用煤、电和柴油，消耗的是稀缺的、不可再生的化石能源，也提高了有机肥生产的成本。
另一方面在广大的乡村中，每年由光合作用产生的生物质数量是巨大的，其作为能源排在煤炭、石油、天然气之后，号称世界第四大能源；我国生物质秸秆年产量达6亿多吨。平时处理秸秆的方式多为就地焚烧，不但浪费了资源，还污染了大气环境，甚至影响交通安全。将秸秆等生物质原料替代矿物质燃料应用于生产、生活的供热，并实现资源化利用，降低大气中NOx、SO2体积分数；对保护环境，发展经济，实施能源可持续发展战略有着重要的现实意义。
根据秸秆成型燃料理论，高效地燃烧秸秆成型燃料需要专用的锅炉，目前国内的一般做法是将燃煤锅炉进行改制后使用，但这存在炉膛的容积、形状、锅炉的受热面积以及过剩空气系数与成型燃料不匹配等问题。导致锅炉燃烧效率及热效率较低，出力及工质参数下降，污染物排放超标等问题。
生物质锅炉给料系统常常会遇到搭桥、结拱现象，尤其是对软质 秸秆类物料，由于质地轻软，流动性不强，物料缠绕现象严重，且切割过程中难以保证理想的长度，在给料各环节搭桥、结拱现象十分普遍。另外，常规的螺旋类输送设备不适合秸秆类物料，经常有蓬料、转动受阻等情况发生，导致生物质工艺设备的出力不稳定，影响锅炉安全稳定运行；同时由于我国国情的特殊，收储、运输、预处理模式与国外差异较大，国内的生物质具有很强的特殊性，进口设备并不能很好适应。因此开发适用的生物质锅炉具有重要意义。
此外，在农村养殖场正常运营的情况下，养殖动物存在一定的病死率。如养猪场生猪病死率一般为3～5％。一旦遇到疫情比例还会更大。这部分携带有害病菌的病死动物尸体的隔离和处理也成了很大问题。常常发生处理不当污染饮用水源和大气环境，更有不良商贩将病死动物进行倒卖，牟取暴利，直接威胁老百姓的食品安全。目前病死猪无害化处理的方法一般为高温焚烧和卫生填埋，这些措施存在着处理成本过高，收集、转运流程繁琐，监管措施不到位等问题；另外其处理过程造成的二次污染也十分严重。
由于地域分散，路途较远，在农村生活垃圾的收集处理成本太高，一般被人们随意倾倒，天长日久，造成水源和空气污染，一些携带病原体的垃圾还会引起疾病传播。因此就近在源头处理这些垃圾也是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：解决上述背景技术存在的问题，而提供一种秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉及其方 法，对农村大宗有机废弃污染物从源头进行处理，并为生产有机肥的高温好氧发酵反应器提供热水，功能多，效率高，实现农村有机废弃污染物的无害化、减量化、资源化处理，保护农村环境和人们身体健康。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，包括锅炉底座、锅炉外壳、锅炉本体、锅炉墙体、炉膛、炉排、燃烧系统、送风装置、引风装置、除渣装置，锅炉本体安装在锅炉底座上，炉膛为锅炉墙体、锅炉本体和炉排形成的燃烧室，炉排布置在炉膛下面、锅炉底座上方；本发明的特征是：所述燃烧系统由燃烧机、秸秆块自动输送装置和秸秆燃料块组成，燃烧机固定在锅炉前面板上，燃烧机火焰喷嘴位于炉膛的前部、炉排的上方；在炉膛的后部设计了焚化门和焚烧承台，焚化门外设有病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置；在锅炉本体的上部两端设计有前烟箱和后烟箱；所述的送风装置和引风装置被串联在锅炉空气回路的两端，引风装置连接锅炉顶部排烟管，引风装置由引风机和烟道组成，引风装置的输出管连接冷热空气混合器，冷热空气混合器连接鼓风机，鼓风机通过管道连接固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器；锅炉本体的热水出水管和回水管之间外接热水循环系统，热水循环系统串接有循环泵和固体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套、液体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套；常压锅炉还设有锅炉控制系统，锅炉控制系统包括安装在常压锅炉上的传感器、可编程序控制器、报警器及数据网关，锅炉控制系统采集常压锅炉各方面的关键 数据，根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，通过数据网关发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，可编程序控制器根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括且并不限定：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警。
上述技术方案中，所述的焚烧承台由耐火材料砌成。
上述技术方案中，所述的燃烧机采用柴油、沼气或者天然气等当地便宜资源的燃烧机。
上述技术方案中，所述的炉膛维持负压工况，其负压的范围为-10～-200Pa，由变频器调节引风机的转速或调节风阀的开度。
上述技术方案中，所述的锅炉本体包括锅筒、水冷壁、对流管束，锅筒设置在炉膛上部，与受热面管件及下降管组成对流系统，水冷壁分布在炉膛的两侧，是锅炉本体的辐射受热面，对流管束是锅炉本体的主要对流受热面。
上述技术方案中，所述的前烟箱和后烟箱设在锅筒内对流管束烟气汇流处的两端。
上述技术方案中，所述的传感器包括炉膛温度传感器、烟气温度传感器、进出水管温度传感器、水位传感器和炉膛压力传感器。
上述技术方案中，所述的病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置为移动小车上安装提升机构、可倾翻托盘和托盘支架。
一种基于上述秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常用锅炉 的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的方法，包括：
(一)将秸秆压制成燃料块待用；
(二)将秸秆燃料块放入秸秆块自动输送装置的秸秆块料斗中；
(三)按动锅炉启动按钮，锅炉控制系统启动引风机和送风机，秸秆自动输送设备启动，将秸秆输送至炉膛中，燃烧机点火；
(四)当炉膛的温度高于400℃后，炉排上的秸秆能够自燃，锅炉控制系统控制燃烧机关闭；
(五)根据高温好氧发酵反应器中被发酵物料的温度跟设定值的差距，控制秸秆输送设备的输送速度，使常压锅炉循环水的出水温度在95度以下进行自动调节；
(六)在需要焚烧病死畜禽和生活垃圾时，操作人员旋动焚化门闸门，安装在焚化门上的开关动作，锅炉控制系统检测到该开关动作后，自动关闭锅炉的送风机，以确保打开焚化门时，火焰不会在送风机的作用下伤人；
(七)操作人员操作病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置，将畜禽动物尸体或生活垃圾铲到可翻转的托盘上，再操作升降机构将托盘提升至焚化门的适当高度，然后移动小车将畜禽病死畜禽和生活垃圾送入炉膛内，到位后打开锁扣，可倾翻托盘翻转，动物尸体或生活垃圾在斜面的作用下滑至焚烧承台上，然后退出移动小车，关闭焚化门并锁紧，就可以开始焚化作业了；
(八)将病死畜禽和生活垃圾送入锅炉炉膛关好焚化门后，操作人员按焚化按钮，送风机启动，操作人员若按快速焚化按钮，燃烧机 启动，焚化完成后，操作人员按关闭燃烧机按钮，燃烧机关闭，锅炉控制系统也可以内置程序，对快速焚化进行计时，设定的计时时间到，燃烧机自动定时关闭；
(九)所述的常压锅炉还设有锅炉控制系统，锅炉控制系统负责采集常压锅炉各方面的关键数据，根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，通过数据网关发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；安装在常压锅炉上的传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，可编程序控制器根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括且不限定于：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警；
(十)锅炉控制系统通过与数据网关的通讯将记录的关键数据及系统的运行状态，通过数据网关发往云端服务器或远程服务器，相关数据的需求方，凭借数字认证，可以登录服务器读取相关的资料和报表，用户和设备制造商可以根据设备异常和报警信息，提前做好有计划的服务，也可以根据数据统计，对设备进行升级或改进；而政府相关部门，可以凭借影像资料、秸秆的输送速度、燃烧机的状态、病死畜禽动物或生活垃圾投放前后的炉温数据报表构成完整的证据链，判定病死畜禽、生活垃圾、秸秆的焚化量作为相关管理的依据；
(十一)常压锅炉热水出水管和回水管之间外接热水循环系统，热水循环系统串接有循环泵和固体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套、液体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套，为发酵反应器提供热源；
(十二)所述的常压锅炉上部的烟道排出高温烟气通过冷热空气混合器连接至固体高温好氧发酵反应器的进气管道和液体高温好氧发酵反应器的进气管道；固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器的排气管道通过冷却冷凝器连接生物除臭滤塔；
(十三)出渣作业：分自动和手动两种模式；
自动模式：由自动控制系统根据灰烬的料位情况控制出渣；
手动模式：由人工控制出渣机的工作；
锅炉中清理出来的灰烬或未燃尽的烟渣，通过输送系统送往高温发酵反应器中跟粪便一同发酵，生产固体有机肥；
(十四)拨火作业：通过观察孔观察炉膛内燃烧情况，如果发现秸秆燃料块出现堆积，通风不良等情况时，可以人工使用拨火工具改善；
(十五)紧急停炉作业：按动急停蘑菇按钮，自动控制系统切断燃料块供应，关闭阻火门和送风机，炉膛内燃料火焰因为缺氧熄灭，炉温下降后延时关闭引风机和循环泵；
(十六)一般停炉熄火：按动停止按钮，自动控制系统切断燃料块供应，关闭阻火门，炉膛内火焰随燃料燃尽，炉温下降，延时关闭送风机、引风机和循环泵；
(十七)应急处置作业流程：
当出现炉温异常、水温超过95℃、炉体出现裂缝、循环泵故障停机、引风机故障等紧急情况，执行紧急停炉操作。
结构原理和工作过程：
本发明的锅炉底座位于锅炉的下部，直接与基础联接，是支撑和固定锅炉各部件并保持其相对位置的结构件；在锅炉底座中间还布置有出灰溜槽，用于接纳燃烧灰烬，底座箱型梁被用作进风通道。
锅炉本体安装在锅炉底座上，包含锅筒、水冷壁、对流管束等；锅筒设置在炉膛上部，是储存热水的容器，并与受热面管件及下降管等组成水循环回路；水冷壁分布在炉膛的两侧，是热水锅炉的辐射受热面，吸收炉膛的热烟气的辐射热，加热工质热水并保护墙体；对流管束是热水锅炉的主要对流受热面，与流出炉膛的热烟气进行对流换热以加热工质热水。
在锅筒内对流管束的烟气汇流处的两端设计了前后烟箱，以确保炉膛流出的烟气在进出对流管束时的均流。
锅炉外壳是安装在锅炉外表的覆盖件，主要起保护锅炉内部零部件，保持外部整体完整性的作用，锅炉墙体由耐火材料、保温材料和外壳等组成，锅炉墙体和锅炉本体以及炉排等形成的燃烧室为炉膛，在炉膛的后部设计了特制的焚化门以及用耐火材料砌成的焚烧承台结构，畜禽动物尸体及生活垃圾由焚化门送入炉膛，放置在焚烧承台上，为了保证病死动物尸体和生活垃圾时在炉膛里有足够的焚化空间，炉膛的高度、宽度和长度按畜禽动物和待处理生活垃圾的体积加上足够的燃烧空间来设计。
在炉膛的下面、底座的上方布置有炉排，炉排可采用固定式炉排或链式炉排，采用固定式炉排时，为了便于秸秆类生物质燃料块能在固定炉排上顺利通过，炉排上的通风沟槽顺着运动方向布置，以减少 秸秆块的移动阻力。
燃烧系统由燃烧机和秸秆块自动输送装置以及秸秆燃料块组成，燃烧机通过一个多功能法兰固定在锅炉前面板上，燃烧机火焰喷嘴位于炉膛的前部、炉排的上方，与炉膛后部的焚烧承台相对，燃烧机喷出的火焰在焚烧承台上形成高温火焰；柴油燃烧机或沼气燃烧机可以通过多功能法兰相对应的安装孔，用螺栓固定在锅炉前面板上；
秸秆块自动输送装置由秸秆块料斗、推料板驱动机构、导槽、支架等组成，秸秆块自动输送装置固定在燃烧机的下方、炉排的上方，秸秆块自动输送系统推出的秸秆块，可以在炉排上移动，在秸秆块自动输送系统导槽内与锅炉炉体之间，设置有阻火门；
为便于运输、储存以及自动送料，将秸秆等有机质原料经预处理压缩成为长条块状成型燃料块，秸秆类有机质成型燃料块以农村常见的玉米、高粱、稻草等秸秆、以及芦苇、树枝、落叶、木屑等有机质为原料，经过粉碎、配料、混合、加热压型而成，压缩后密度为0.7～1.3。
秸秆块料斗安装在支架上，用于储存秸秆燃料块，支架上还安装有推料板驱动机构，推料板与推料板驱动机构联接，在推料板驱动机构的作用下间歇地将秸秆燃料块推入炉膛，在推送机构和锅炉进料门之间设置有导槽，导槽确保燃料块推送过程方向不发生偏离并与外面的空气隔离，在导槽内还布置了阻火门，以阻挡锅炉内的火焰不会引燃锅炉外的秸秆块，并保证运行安全；燃料块的推送速度和节奏由控制系统根据燃烧条件自动调节；阻火门可以是电动的由控制系统根据推送的节奏自动打开和关闭，也可以是机械的，由推料板驱动机构推 开或关闭；
多功能锅炉的送风装置和引风装置被串联在空气回路的两端；送风装置由送风机、通风管道、布风管以及空气预热器二次管路组成，送风机将空气送入空气预热器加热后通过管路输入炉膛或直接将空气送入炉膛与燃料混合燃烧，每一个风仓的送风管道中安排了正压送风管道，管道上均布通风小孔，送风装置还设置了可以调节风量和风压的阀门，可以通过阀门的调节使各风仓的风量、风压均匀。
引风装置由引风机和烟道组成，在引风机负压的作用下，锅炉排出的燃烧废气通过烟道连接到一个冷热空气混合器的一个输入端口，冷热空气混合器的另一个输入端口连接到大气，冷热空气混合器的输出端口连接到鼓风机的输入口，而鼓风机的输出口连接到高温好氧发酵反应器(固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器)，高温好氧发酵反应器的排气口通过管道连接到冷却冷凝器，冷却冷凝器的排气口通过管道连接到生物除臭滤塔，所述鼓风机的流量大于等于多功能锅炉中引风机的流量与好氧发酵反应器所需空气流量的和。
多功能锅炉排烟管的排烟，以及新鲜空气，在冷热空气混合器中混合后，被鼓风机送入好氧发酵反应器，向好氧发酵反应器内的被发酵物料，供应带有热量的混合气体，而好氧发酵反应器排出的废气，经冷却冷凝器冷却后，送生物除臭滤塔，臭气通过生物除臭滤塔的过滤除臭后向大气排放。
为了安全运行，炉膛采用-10～200Pa负压工况，由变频器调节引风机的转速或采用调节风阀开度的方式进行调节；
除渣系统安装在锅炉下方灰斗处，使燃烧的灰烬由出灰槽下的输送机构排出。
在锅炉的墙体上设置有拨火门、出灰门、观察孔等。
热水循环系统连接在锅炉本体的出水管和回水管之间，依靠循环泵把热水送往高温发酵反应器，并把冷却的回水送入锅炉再加热。
自动控制系统负责采集多功能锅炉各方面的关键数据，并根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；
传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，控制器根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括且不限定于：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警等报警提示。
病死畜禽动物及生活垃圾送料装置，是在移动小车上安装的提升机构、可倾翻托盘、托盘支架等组成，投料时将畜禽动物尸体或生活垃圾铲到可翻转的托盘上，再由升降机构提升至焚化门的适当高度，而后移动小车将病死动物尸体或生活垃圾送入炉膛内，到位后打开锁扣，可倾翻托盘翻转，动物尸体在斜面的作用下滑至焚烧承台上，然后退出小车，翻转托盘在重力的作用下复位，关闭炉门后就可以开始焚烧作业了，可翻转托盘可采用不锈钢耐热材料制作。
有益效果：
一、将秸秆收集压缩成块状燃料，有如下特点：
(1)便于储存、运输；
(2)比散装的秸秆更耐烧、更容易实现自动送料；
(3)废物得到了充分利用，节约了化石资源；
(4)秸秆不再在田间随意焚烧，有利于减少大气雾霾，有利于交通安全；
二、锅炉既治理了农村废弃物秸秆、也治理了病死的畜禽尸体和生活垃圾，为新农村的环保事业贡献了力量。
三、在焚化畜禽动物尸体、生活垃圾和秸秆时，燃烧热量用于加热循环水，而循环水被应用于加热、保温高温发酵反应器，所产生的能量获得了综合利用。
四、多功能锅炉在焚化畜禽动物尸体、生活垃圾和秸秆时，废烟中的热量、一氧化碳、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、飞灰、臭味等有毒物质，不是直接排往大气，而是和新鲜空气混合，加热新鲜空气后被送往高温好氧发酵反应器和生物除臭滤塔过滤后排放。
五、废烟经高温好氧发酵反应器和生物除臭滤塔的过滤，飞灰等固体物质留在了发酵反应器中被发酵物质中，或被生物除臭滤塔过滤，废烟中的一氧化碳、二氧化硫、二氧化氮等有毒物质，跟好氧发酵反应器中被发酵的粪便中的水分相结合，释放出H+，有利于降低粪便的PH，从而有利于减少粪便的氨氮释放，有助于减少有机肥的养分流失。
六、畜禽动物尸体、生活垃圾和秸秆焚化后，其残余物和灰烬跟粪便混合后发酵，动物尸体、生活垃圾、秸秆得到无害化处理的同时，制成生物有机肥，其磷钾养分的含量获得了提升。
附图说明
图1秸秆类生物质热水锅炉结构组成外形图；
图2秸秆类生物质热水锅炉内部结构图；
图3秸秆块自动输送装置立体图；
图4秸秆块自动输送装置示意图
图5畜禽病死动物尸体及生活垃圾投料装置示意图；
图6热水锅炉焚化门示意图；
图7循环泵发酵罐热水伴热系统。
图中编号:
1—秸秆块自动输送装置，2—前烟箱，3—外壳，4—锅炉本体，5—出水管，6—回水管，7—后烟箱，8--病死畜禽及生活垃圾，9—病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置，10—拨火门，11—除渣系统，12—送风管道，13—烟气管道，14—锅炉底座，15—燃烧机，16—前面板，17—送风机，18—秸秆燃料块，19—锅炉控制系统，20—烟气管束21—焚化门22—可倾翻托盘，23—托盘支架，24—升降机构，25—移动小车，26—水冷壁管，27—灰斗，28—焚烧承台，29—灰渣溜槽，30—炉排，31—炉膛，32—墙体，33--锅筒，101—锁扣，102—拉杆，103—脱扣手柄，201—秸秆块料斗，202—燃料送料槽，203—挡料块，204—推料板，205—送料平台，206—平台支撑，207—推料板驱动机构，208—阻火门，209—燃烧机连接法兰，401—门钩，402—压杆，403—压紧手轮，404—门铰链，405--门盖，406—检测开关，701—多功能热水锅炉，702—循环水泵，703—高温好氧发酵反应器， 704—引风机，705—空气预热器，706—热水循环系统，707—冷热空气混合器，708—冷却冷凝器，709-生物除臭滤塔，710—反应器鼓风机。
具体实施方式
本发明的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，包括锅炉底座14、锅炉本体4、前烟箱2、后烟箱7、外壳3与锅炉墙体32、炉膛31、炉膛焚烧承台28、焚化门21、炉排30、秸秆块自动输送装置1、燃烧机15、送风管道12、送风机17、引风装置13、除渣装置11、热水循环系统706，锅炉控制系统19、以及病死畜禽动物及生活垃圾送料装置9。
锅炉底座14位于锅炉的下部，直接与基础联接，是支撑和固定锅炉各部件并保持其相对位置的结构件；在锅炉底座14中间还布置有出灰溜槽29，用于接纳燃烧灰烬，底座14箱型梁被用作进风通道。
锅炉本体4安装在锅炉底座14上，包含锅筒33、水冷壁管26、对流烟气管束20等；锅筒33设置在炉膛31上部，是储存热水的容器，并与受热面管件及下降管等组成水循环回路；水冷壁26分布在炉膛31的两侧，是热水锅炉的辐射受热面，吸收炉膛31的热烟气的辐射热，加热工质热水并保护墙体32；对流烟气管束20是热水锅炉的主要对流受热面，与流出炉膛31的热烟气进行对流换热以加热工质如热水。
在锅筒33内对流烟气管束20的烟气汇流处的两端设计了前烟箱2、后烟箱7，以确保炉膛31流出的烟气在进出对流烟气管束20时 的均流。
锅炉外壳3是安装在锅炉外表的覆盖件，主要起保护锅炉内部零部件，保持外部整体完整性的作用，锅炉墙体32由耐火材料、保温材料和外壳3等组成，锅炉墙体32和锅炉本体4以及炉排30等形成了炉膛31的燃烧室，在炉膛31的后部设计了特制的焚化门21以及用耐火材料砌成的焚烧承台28结构，畜禽动物尸体及生活垃圾8由焚化门21送入炉膛，放置在焚烧承台28上，为了保证病死动物尸体和生活垃圾8时在炉膛里有足够的焚化空间，炉膛31的内空高度、宽度和长度按畜禽动物和待处理生活垃圾的体积加上足够的燃烧空间来设计。
在炉膛31的下面、锅炉底座14的上方布置有炉排30，炉排30可采用固定式炉排或链式炉排，采用固定式炉排时，为了便于秸秆类生物质燃料块能在固定炉排上顺利通过，炉排上的通风沟槽顺着运动方向布置，以减少秸秆块的移动阻力。
燃烧系统由燃烧机15和秸秆块自动输送装置1以及秸秆燃料块18组成，燃烧机15通过一个多功能法兰固定在锅炉前面板16上，燃烧机15火焰喷嘴位于炉膛31的前部、炉排30的上方，与炉膛31后部的焚烧承台相对，燃烧机15喷出的火焰在焚烧承台28上形成高温火焰；柴油燃烧机或沼气燃烧机可以通过多功能法兰相对应的安装孔，用螺栓固定在锅炉前面板16上；
秸秆块自动输送装置1由秸秆块料斗201、燃料送料槽202、挡料块203、推料板204、送料平台205、平台支撑206、推料板驱动机 构207和阻火门208等组成，秸秆块自动输送装置1固定在燃烧机15的下方、炉排30的上方，秸秆块自动输送装置1推出的秸秆燃料块18，可以在炉排30上向前移动，在秸秆块自动输送装置1的燃料送料槽202内与锅炉前面板16之间，设置有阻火门208；
为便于运输、储存以及自动送料，将秸秆等有机质原料经预处理压缩成为长条状成型燃料块，秸秆类有机质成型燃料块以农村常见的玉米、高粱、稻草等秸秆、以及芦苇、树枝、落叶、木屑等有机质为原料，经过粉碎、配料、混合、加热压型而成，压缩后密度为0.7～1.3。
秸秆块料斗201安装在送料平台205上，用于储存秸秆燃料块18，送料平台205上还安装有推料板驱动机构207，推料板204与推料板驱动机构207联接，在推料板驱动机构207的作用下间歇地将秸秆燃料块18推入炉膛31，在秸秆块自动输送装置1和锅炉前面板16的进料门之间设置有燃料送料槽202，燃料送料槽202确保秸秆燃料块18推送过程方向不发生偏离并与外面的空气隔离。在燃料送料槽202端部布置了阻火门，以保证运行安全；秸秆燃料块18的推送速度和节奏由自动控制系统19根据燃烧条件自动调节；阻火门208可以是电动的由自动控制系统19根据推送的节奏自动打开和关闭，也可以是机械的，由推料板驱动机构207推开或关闭；
多功能锅炉的送风装置和引风装置被串联在空气回路的两端；
送风装置由送风机17、通风管道12以及空气预热器705管路二次管路组成，送风机17将空气送入空气预热器705加热后通过管路输入炉膛31或直接将空气送入炉膛31与燃料混合燃烧，每一个风仓 的送风安排了正压送风管道12，管道上均布通风小孔，送风装置还设置了可以调节风量和风压的风阀，可以通过风阀的调节使各风仓的风量、风压均匀；
引风装置由引风机704和烟道12组成，在引风机704负压的作用下，锅炉排出的燃烧废气通过烟道12连接到一个冷热空气混合器707的一个输入端口，冷热空气混合器707的另一个输入端口直接与大气相连，冷热空气混合器707的输出端口连接到反应器鼓风机710的输入口，而反应器鼓风机710的输出口连接到高温好氧发酵反应器703，高温好氧发酵反应器703的排气口通过管道连接到冷却冷凝器708，冷却冷凝器708的排气口通过管道连接到生物除臭滤塔709，所述反应器鼓风机710的流量大于等于多功能锅炉中引风机704的流量与好氧发酵反应器703所需空气流量的和。
为了安全运行，炉膛采用-10～200Pa负压工况，由变频器调节引风机704的转速或采用调节风阀开度的方式进行调节；
除渣系统11安装在锅炉下方灰渣槽29处，使燃烧的灰烬由灰斗27下的输送机构排出。
在锅炉的墙体上设置有拨火门10、出灰门、观察孔等。
热水循环系统706连接在锅炉本体4的出水管5和回水管6之间，依靠循环泵702把热水送往高温发酵反应器703，并把冷却的回水送入锅炉701的锅炉本体内再加热；
热水通过供水管5向发酵反应器703的伴热系统供热，冷却后的工质通过回水管6返回至循环泵703的入口，由循环水泵702泵至锅 炉本体4的锅筒33内，这样循环往复多功能热水锅炉701中的热水与好氧发酵反应器703中的物料实现了热交换，同时多功能热水锅炉701中排出的烟气经烟气管道13通过空气预热器705把炉外的新鲜冷空气加热成热风通过送风机17加压后由送风管道12送入炉膛31，从而可以提高锅炉运行效率达到进一步节能的目的。
在需要焚化病死畜禽动物或生活垃圾时，操作人员按动“焚化”按钮，自动控制系统19先关闭锅炉的送风机17，再电动操作开门，或者手动旋转开门机构的压紧手轮403，推动压杆402摆动一定角度，然后向外拉动门盖405绕门铰链404旋转，焚化门21打开。为了安全起见，焚化门21的开门机构设置了位置检测开关406，当压杆402转动脱离门钩401槽口时，检测开关406发出送风机17停机指令，送风机17自动停止运行。
锅炉控制系统19负责采集多功能锅炉701各方面的关键数据，并根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；
传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，控制器根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括且不限定于：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警等报警指示。
畜禽动物尸体及生活垃圾送料装置9，是在移动小车25上安装的提升机构24、可倾翻托盘22、托盘支架23等组成，投料时将畜禽动物尸体或生活垃圾8铲到可倾翻托盘22上，再由升降机构24提升 至焚化门21的适当高度，而后移动小车25将畜禽动物尸体或生活垃圾8送入炉膛31内，到位后操作脱扣手柄103，推动拉杆102使锁扣101打开，在重力作用下可倾翻托盘22翻转，畜禽动物尸体或生活垃圾8在斜面的作用下滑至焚烧承台28上，然后退出小车，可倾翻托盘22在重力的作用下复位，关闭焚化门21后就可以开始焚烧作业了，可倾翻托盘22可采用不锈钢耐热材料制作。
一种基于上述秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的方法：
(一)将秸秆压制成燃料块18待用；
(二)将秸秆燃料块18放入秸秆块自动输送装置1的秸秆块料斗201中；
(三)按动锅炉启动按钮，锅炉控制系统19启动引风机704和送风机17，秸秆自动输送装置1启动，将秸秆输送至炉膛31中，燃烧机15点火；
(四)当炉膛31的温度高于400℃后，炉排上的秸秆能够自燃，锅炉控制系统19控制燃烧机15关闭；
(五)根据高温好氧发酵反应器703中被发酵物料的温度，跟设定值的差距，控制秸秆输送装置1的输送速度，使多功能锅炉701自动循环水的出水温度在95度以下进行自动调节；
(六)在需要焚烧病死畜禽或生活垃圾8时，操作人员旋动压紧手轮403，扳动焚化门21上的压杆402时，安装在焚化门21上的检测开关406动作，锅炉控制系统19检测到该开关动作指令后，自动 关闭锅炉的送风机17，以确保打开焚化门21时，火焰不会在送风机17的作用下伤人；
(七)操作人员操作病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置9，将病死畜禽及生活垃圾8铲到可倾翻托盘22上，再操作升降机构24将可倾翻托盘22提升至焚化门21的适当高度，然后驱动移动小车25将病死畜禽及生活垃圾8送入炉膛31内，到位后打开锁扣101，可倾翻托盘22翻转，动物尸体或生活垃圾8在斜面的作用下滑至焚烧承台28上，然后退出移动小车25，关闭焚化门21并锁紧，就可以开始焚化作业了；
(八)将病死畜禽及生活垃圾8送入锅炉炉膛31关好焚化门21后，操作人员按焚化按钮，送风机17启动，操作人员若按快速焚化按钮，燃烧机15启动，焚化完成后，操作人员按关闭燃烧机按钮，燃烧机15关闭。自动控制系统19也可以内置程序，对快速焚化进行计时，设定的计时时间到，燃烧机15自动定时关闭；
(九)所述的常压锅炉还设有锅炉控制系统，锅炉控制系统负责采集常压锅炉各方面的关键数据，根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，通过数据网关发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；安装在常压锅炉上的传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，可编程序控制器根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括且不限定于：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警等报警指示。
(十)锅炉控制系统通过与数据网关的通讯将记录的关键数据及系统的运行状态，通过数据网关发往云端服务器或远程服务器，相关数据的需求方，凭借数字认证，可以登录服务器读取相关的资料和报表，用户和设备制造商可以根据设备异常和报警信息，提前做好有计划的服务，也可以根据数据统计，对设备进行升级或改进；而政府相关部门，可以凭借影像资料、秸秆的输送速度、燃烧机的状态、病死畜禽动物或生活垃圾投放前后的炉温数据报表构成完整的证据链，判定病死畜禽、生活垃圾、秸秆的焚化量作为相关管理的依据；
(十一)常压锅炉热水出水管和回水管之间外接热水循环系统，热水循环系统串接有循环泵和固体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套、液体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套，为发酵反应器提供热源；
(十二)所述的常压锅炉上部的烟道排出高温烟气通过冷热空气混合器连接至固体高温好氧发酵反应器的进气管道和液体高温好氧发酵反应器的进气管道；固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器的排气管道通过冷却冷凝器连接生物除臭滤塔；
(十三)出渣作业：分自动和手动两种模式；
自动模式：由自动控制系统根据灰烬的料位情况控制出渣；
手动模式：由人工控制出渣机的工作；
锅炉中清理出来的灰烬或未燃尽的烟渣，通过输送系统送往高温发酵反应器中跟粪便一同发酵，生产固体有机肥；
(十四)拨火作业：通过观察孔观察炉膛内燃烧情况，如果发现秸秆燃料块出现堆积，通风不良等情况时，可以人工使用拨火工具 改善；
(十五)紧急停炉作业：按动急停蘑菇按钮，自动控制系统切断燃料块供应，关闭阻火门和送风机，炉膛内燃料火焰因为缺氧熄灭，炉温下降后延时关闭引风机和循环泵；
(十六)一般停炉熄火：按动停止按钮，自动控制系统切断燃料块供应，关闭阻火门，炉膛内火焰随燃料燃尽，炉温下降，延时关闭送风机、引风机和循环泵；
(十七)应急处置作业流程：
当出现炉温异常、水温超过95℃、炉体出现裂缝、循环泵故障停机、引风机故障等紧急情况，执行紧急停炉操作。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种秸秆焚烧病死畜禽和垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，包括锅炉底座、锅炉外壳、锅炉本体、锅炉墙体、炉膛、集箱、炉排、燃烧系统、送风装置、引风装置、除渣装置，锅炉本体安装在锅炉底座上，炉膛为锅炉墙体、锅炉本体和炉排形成的燃烧室，炉排布置在炉膛下面、锅炉底座上方；其特征在于，所述燃烧系统由燃烧机、秸秆块自动输送装置和秸秆燃料块组成，燃烧机固定在锅炉前面板上，燃烧机火焰喷嘴位于炉膛的前部、炉排的上方；在炉膛的后部设计了焚化门和焚烧承台，焚化门外设有病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置；在锅炉本体的上部两端设计有前烟箱和后烟箱；所述的送风装置和引风装置被串联在锅炉空气回路的两端，引风装置连接锅炉顶部排烟管，引风装置由引风机和烟道组成，引风装置的输出管连接冷热空气混合器，冷热空气混合器连接鼓风机，鼓风机通过管道连接固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器；锅炉本体的热水出水管和回水管之间外接热水循环系统，热水循环系统串接有循环泵和固体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套、液体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套；常压锅炉还设有锅炉控制系统，锅炉控制系统包括安装在常压锅炉上的传感器、可编程序控制器、报警器及数据网关，锅炉控制系统采集常压锅炉各方面的关键数据，根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，通过数据网关发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，可编程序控制器 根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括并不限定：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，其特征在于，所述的焚烧承台由耐火材料砌成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，其特征在于，所述的燃烧机采用柴油、沼气或者天然气等当地便宜资源的燃烧机。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，其特征在于，所述的炉膛维持负压工况，其负压的范围为-10～-200Pa，由变频器调节引风机的转速或调节风阀的开度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，其特征在于，所述的传感器包括炉膛温度传感器、烟气温度传感器、进出水管温度传感器、水位传感器和炉膛压力传感器。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的秸秆焚烧病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水的常压锅炉，其特征在于，所述的病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置为移动小车上安装提升机构、可倾翻托盘和托盘支架。
  7. 一种基于权利要求1秸秆焚烧病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水常用锅炉的秸秆焚化病死畜禽、垃圾并生产热水的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    (一)将秸秆压制成燃料块待用；
    (二)将秸秆燃料块放入秸秆块自动输送装置的秸秆块料斗中；
    (三)按动锅炉启动按钮，锅炉控制系统启动引风机和送风机， 秸秆自动输送设备启动，将秸秆输送至炉膛中，燃烧机点火；
    (四)当炉膛的温度高于400℃后，炉排上的秸秆能够自燃，锅炉控制系统控制燃烧机关闭；
    (五)根据高温好氧发酵反应器中被发酵物料的温度跟设定值的差距，控制秸秆输送设备的输送速度，使常压锅炉循环水的出水温度在95度以下进行自动调节；
    (六)在需要焚烧病死畜禽和生活垃圾时，操作人员旋动焚化门闸门，安装在焚化门上的开关动作，锅炉控制系统检测到该开关动作后，自动关闭锅炉的送风机，以确保打开焚化门时，火焰不会在送风机的作用下伤人；
    (七)操作人员操作病死畜禽及生活垃圾送料装置，将畜禽动物尸体或生活垃圾铲到可翻转的托盘上，再操作升降机构将托盘提升至焚化门的适当高度，然后移动小车将畜禽病死畜禽和生活垃圾送入炉膛内，到位后打开锁扣，可倾翻托盘翻转，动物尸体或生活垃圾在斜面的作用下滑至焚烧承台上，然后退出移动小车，关闭焚化门并锁紧，就可以开始焚化作业了；
    (八)将病死畜禽和生活垃圾送入锅炉炉膛关好焚化门后，操作人员按焚化按钮，送风机启动，操作人员若按快速焚化按钮，燃烧机启动，焚化完成后，操作人员按关闭燃烧机按钮，燃烧机关闭，锅炉控制系统也可以内置程序，对快速焚化进行计时，设定的计时时间到，燃烧机自动定时关闭；
    (九)所述的常压锅炉还设有锅炉控制系统，锅炉控制系统负责 采集常压锅炉各方面的关键数据，根据采集到的数据对锅炉的各部分进行协调控制，并将锅炉运行的关键数据，通过数据网关发送到云端或远端的服务器备查或管理；安装在常压锅炉上的传感器分别采集炉膛温度、烟气温度、进出水管温度、水位、炉膛压力，并将采集的数据传输给可编程序控制器，可编程序控制器根据传感器反馈的数据，进行相应的控制和报警，报警包括且不限定于：燃料缺料报警、缺水报警、超温报警；
    (十)锅炉控制系统通过与数据网关的通讯将记录的关键数据及系统的运行状态，通过数据网关发往云端服务器或远程服务器，相关数据的需求方，凭借数字认证，可以登录服务器读取相关的资料和报表，用户和设备制造商可以根据设备异常和报警信息，提前做好有计划的服务，也可以根据数据统计，对设备进行升级或改进；而政府相关部门，可以凭借影像资料、秸秆的输送速度、燃烧机的状态、病死畜禽动物或生活垃圾投放前后的炉温数据报表构成完整的证据链，判定病死畜禽、生活垃圾、秸秆的焚化量作为相关管理的依据；
    (十一)常压锅炉热水出水管和回水管之间外接热水循环系统，热水循环系统串接有循环泵和固体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套、液体高温好氧发酵反应器夹套，为发酵反应器提供热源；
    (十二)所述的常压锅炉上部的烟道排出高温烟气通过冷热空气混合器连接至固体高温好氧发酵反应器的进气管道和液体高温好氧发酵反应器的进气管道；固体高温好氧发酵反应器和液体高温好氧发酵反应器的排气管道通过冷却冷凝器连接生物除臭滤塔；
    (十三)出渣作业：分自动和手动两种模式；
    自动模式：由自动控制系统根据灰烬的料位情况控制出渣；
    手动模式：由人工控制出渣机的工作；
    锅炉中清理出来的灰烬或未燃尽的烟渣，通过输送系统送往高温发酵反应器中跟粪便一同发酵，生产固体有机肥；
    (十四)拨火作业：通过观察孔观察炉膛内燃烧情况，如果发现秸秆燃料块出现堆积，通风不良等情况时，可以人工使用拨火工具改善；
    (十五)紧急停炉作业：按动急停蘑菇按钮，自动控制系统切断燃料块供应，关闭阻火门和送风机，炉膛内燃料火焰因为缺氧熄灭，炉温下降后延时关闭引风机和循环泵；
    (十六)一般停炉熄火：按动停止按钮，自动控制系统切断燃料块供应，关闭阻火门，炉膛内火焰随燃料燃尽，炉温下降，延时关闭送风机、引风机和循环泵；
    (十七)应急处置作业流程：
    当出现炉温异常、水温超过95℃、炉体出现裂缝、循环泵故障停机、引风机故障等紧急情况，执行紧急停炉操作。
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