WO2016172777A1 - Equipamento e processo para dissolução massiva de gases em líquidos - Google Patents
Equipamento e processo para dissolução massiva de gases em líquidos Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016172777A1 WO2016172777A1 PCT/BR2016/050092 BR2016050092W WO2016172777A1 WO 2016172777 A1 WO2016172777 A1 WO 2016172777A1 BR 2016050092 W BR2016050092 W BR 2016050092W WO 2016172777 A1 WO2016172777 A1 WO 2016172777A1
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- liquid
- equipment
- gas
- gases
- water
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- B01F23/2323—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits
- B01F23/23231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit
- B01F23/232311—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles by circulating the flow in guiding constructions or conduits being at least partially immersed in the liquid, e.g. in a closed circuit the conduits being vertical draft pipes with a lower intake end and an upper exit end
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- B01F33/811—Combinations of similar mixers, e.g. with rotary stirring devices in two or more receptacles in two or more consecutive, i.e. successive, mixing receptacles or being consecutively arranged
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
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- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Definitions
- the present invention is in the fields of Chemical and Environmental Engineering and is related to an equipment and process for the massive dissolution of gases in liquids in an energy efficient manner and / or using energy from alternative sources. useful for the conservation and / or recovery of liquid bodies.
- the equipment of the invention is also referred to as "Lung” because it is highly efficient in dissolving air in liquids, similar to what our organ does in the blood.
- the invention is applicable to various situations in which controlled and adjustable dissolution of gases in large quantities, high dissolution rate and energy efficiency is desirable and may operate with energy autonomy or with reduced need for external power supply, ie from power and / or fuel distribution networks.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, conserving and / or recovering water resources such as lagoons, rivers, coves, mangroves and beaches, removing unwanted organic loads, revitalizing liquid bodies and / or bathing them, as well as processes conservation and / or improvement of quality conditions, productivity and / or environmental efficiency of aquaculture processes, such as the cultivation of fish, shrimp, algae and other organisms cultivable in liquid medium.
- Dissolving gases in liquids is a particularly relevant technical problem in the case of poorly soluble gases, which limits the amount of dissolved gases, their rate of dissolution and / or involves high energy demand and cost to be realized.
- Oxygenation of large Liquid bodies is a technical challenge not yet overcome - as evidenced by the fish mortality events in the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon (RJ), as well as the state of the Baixada de Jacarepaguá (RJ) lagoons complex.
- lagoon complex of Osorio (RS) among several other cases in Brazil or other countries.
- the severe water crisis that has plagued several countries and more recently Brazil has drawn attention to the issue of water resources management and the need for new technologies to overcome existing bottlenecks.
- liquid bodies ie rivers, lagoons, dams, lagoons, coves, beaches and mangroves.
- BOD, COD, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand are undesirable substances and high oxygen demand.
- a significant difficulty in the state of the art regarding liquid body aeration systems is that the vast majority of such systems require a lot of energy to dissolve air in the body. They are also inefficient to significantly increase and effectively the rate and amount of oxygen dissolution in the liquid body.
- the water solubility of oxygen is low, which is aggravated at high temperatures as typical of tropical regions.
- the introduction and effective dissolution of air / oxygen in large liquid bodies under open or tropical conditions has been a major technical challenge, since under such conditions the amount of dissolved oxygen in the liquid body is predominantly low and is particularly critical. when temperature is high and / or organic load is high.
- the present invention also provides a solution to these problems.
- Equipment currently available for the introduction of gases into liquids presents several other technical difficulties, including, but not limited to: (i) they are inefficient in energy efficiency; (ii) have limited ability to effectively dissolve gases in liquids, both from the point of view of velocity and the total amount of dissolved gases; (iii) the introduction of air / oxygen into large liquid bodies requires a large amount of energy from external sources, which makes it practically and / or economically unfeasible; (iv) it is very difficult to control environmental conditions in large liquid bodies, with fluid dynamics being an additional factor that can greatly modify the profile and concentration of substances present in the liquid body; (v) normally have no ability to adjust the amount of dissolved gases and / or direction of liquid flow according to interest; (vi) equipment that provides all these advantages together is not yet available.
- microorganisms previously grown and added in powder form containing large amounts of spores or lyophilized microorganisms is not suitable for enrichment of specific microbial flora in closed or open liquid bodies due to several technical limitations: the cost and availability of the microorganisms. microorganisms, which are generally imported and suffer from exchange variation; the logistical difficulties of transportation and inventory; environmental and / or human health risks, as it involves the transport of microbial material in large quantities; and particularly the limitation of the amount available for introduction into liquid bodies and the low metabolic activation state of organisms when introduced under these conditions.
- a critical problem that often precludes the treatment of watercourses such as lakes, lagoons, rivers, canals, river or sea arms, bays etc.
- the present invention also provides a solution to these problems by disclosing an apparatus and process which provides for massive dissolution of gases in said liquid bodies contaminated with organic fillers or effluents of different origins, in which case the apparatus and process of the present invention optionally also comprises a device or subsystem for ex-situ and selective enrichment of organisms previously existing in liquid bodies and their on-site reintroduction.
- the intensive dissolution of gases in liquids provided by the equipment and process of the invention is also suitable for the dissolution and fixation of CO 2 generated in industrial plants.
- the equipment of the invention is also useful for dissolving such gases in liquids, an embodiment in which gases (or parts thereof) containing carbon dioxide from factories are dissolved in water in an algae culture tank. This approach reduces the environmental impact of carbon dioxide emitting plants.
- Algae As Algae use CO2 for their growth and / or production of substances of economic interest, in addition to producing oxygen. In this context, it is important to note that at room temperature CO2 is 26 times more water soluble than O2.
- the currently available approaches to introducing gases into liquids present a number of technical difficulties, including but not limited to: (i) they are inefficient in energy efficiency; (ii) have limited ability to effectively dissolve gases in liquids, both from the point of view of velocity and the total amount of dissolved gases; (iii) the introduction of air / oxygen into such liquid bodies, especially in large dimensions, generally requires a large amount of energy from external sources, factors that make it practically and / or economically unfeasible; (iv) it is very difficult to control environmental conditions in large liquid bodies, with fluid dynamics being an additional factor that can greatly modify the profile and concentration of substances present in the liquid body; (v) known systems usually do not have the ability to adjust the amount of dissolved gases according to environmental conditions or energy availability; (vi) known systems typically do not have the ability to displace large amounts of liquid at different depths without significant energy consumption; (vii) In the case of technologies that make use of microorganisms, the prohibition of the use of exotic microorganisms to the ecological system
- Said device comprises: a pressure reducing part capable of reducing the pressure inside a tank by connecting an opening in the upper part of the closed tank with a vacuum pump through a pipe; an element for injecting treated and pressurized fluid into the tank top with a nozzle (e) capable of covering much of the area under reduced pressure; a foam generating part of the liquid that receives the treated fluid in a container at the center of the opening of the container and generating a large amount of bubbles at the bottom of the container.
- This arrangement converts air bubbles to liquid bubbles.
- the device further comprises a recovery pump part which allows the liquid bubbles to overflow from the upper part of the container and to pour to a lower part, temporarily storing the liquid bubbles as untreated treated fluid, ultimately collecting the treated fluid.
- WO 2007/125996 entitled “Water quality improving unit and water quality improving device”, discloses a water quality improvement unit.
- Said unit includes a device that increases the transparency of water by removing the organic charge, which floats on the surface of the water along with microbubbles, and can improve water quality by balancing dissolved gases such as oxygen and nitrogen.
- Said unit comprises a body having a hollow portion, formed almost rotationally symmetrically and with reduced diameter towards both axial directions.
- the periphery in the tangential direction of the unit comprises an opening for introducing liquid. Openings for vertically directed gas-liquid jets are arranged to open in a vertical direction along the axial direction of the hollow part rotational symmetry axis.
- a carrier tube of a structure connected with the opening directing the gas jet. liquid upwards, with a gap or space between them. It also comprises a liquid bubble generator container connected to the upper body to form a liquid bubble aggregate from the upward flow of the mixture.
- WO 2001/097958 entitled “Fine air bubble generator and fine air generator generating device with its generator”, discloses a small air bubble generator capable of preventing the formation of reactant and tailings aggregates.
- Said device provides for the production of large amounts of small air bubbles in water and comprises: a generator body (1a) with a hollow part in rotational symmetry; an opening for the inlet and liquid air in the tangential direction; and openings for air-liquid supply in the direction of the hollow part symmetry axis.
- US 8,292,271 entitled “Aeration unit, aeration apparatuses equipped therewith and method of aeration” discloses an aeration equipment and method.
- Said equipment is multistage, consisting of: a diffuser to produce bubbles in water; a liquid foam channel for converting air bubbles to liquid bubbles; a gas retention chamber with space for holding gas in water and a portion for accumulating newly formed bubbles under the gas retention chamber.
- US 2008/018534 entitled “Aeration method, aeration apparatuses and aeration system”, discloses a method and apparatus for aeration useful for improving the conditions of sewage treatment systems, fish farming and other aquatic organisms. , among others.
- the apparatus provides highly efficient gas dissolution in water and comprises: a gas spray section (22) for generating gas bubble particles in the water to be treated (1W), a bubble rising section (3P) for providing upward movement of the generated bubbles, in which the gas bubbles are pushed to a position above the water surface, becoming liquid bubbles or thin films; and a transfer section (5P) into which treated water (2W) can be transferred.
- EP 2558189 entitled “A microbubble generatoi” discloses a microbubble generator comprising: a pump configured to mix a liquid into a gas, forming a pressurized gas-liquid mixture; a contact chamber in hydraulic connection with the pump and configured to increase gas dissolution in said pressurized gas-liquid mixture; and a valve in hydraulic connection with the contact chamber.
- the arrangement is configured to discharge a microbubble emulsion comprising liquid and gas microbubbles.
- US 2005/0279713 entitled “System and method for dissolving gases in liquids", was published on 22December 2005.
- Said document discloses an equipment and method for dissolving gas in a liquid and comprises a saturation tank and a pressurized gas source connected to a head space of the saturation tank.
- the saturation tank comprises a pressurized tank containing at least one nozzle that allows liquid to pass into the tank. pressurized and an outlet for the liquid containing dissolved gas.
- gas-containing liquid By passing gas-containing liquid into a second fluid, the gas is released as microbubbles.
- the microbubbles assist in the flocculation of suspended particles and promote gas dissolution in the second fluid.
- the preferred gas is air, oxygen or ozone, being those applicable for use in the treatment of rivers, lagoons and industrial facilities.
- Document SI 24084 A discloses a bubble generator turbine powered by an electric motor.
- Said turbine known as Toring Turbine, provides large-scale aeration of liquids. by the effect of water ejection from the turbine blades and the consequent suction generated inside the turbine.
- the turbine is hollow and connected to a hollow shaft with holes in the region above water level where it connects with the electric motor.
- the rotation generated by the engine provides the formation of external air suction inside the hollow shaft, and the air flow is subjected to the shear force of the turbine blades, generating microbubbles.
- Said equipment has high volumetric gas delivery capacity in the liquid, but does not provide high gas dissolution rate in the liquid as it forms a mixture of macrobubbles and microbubbles.
- the area of influence of the turbine is restricted to a diameter around it, that is, several of these devices are required in lakes or large areas of water, as well as flotation devices and electrical networks are required far from the shore. .
- EP 2143483 B1 US 8,292,271, entitled "Aeration unit, aeration apparatus equipped therewith” discloses an aeration apparatus based on the principle of thin film formation of liquid.
- Said apparatus / device is considered to be closest to the equipment of the present invention, consisting of: an air diffuser for producing conventional air bubbles in water within a cylindrical tube containing a thin film liquid channel to convert Air bubbles in liquid bubbles.
- an air diffuser for producing conventional air bubbles in water within a cylindrical tube containing a thin film liquid channel to convert Air bubbles in liquid bubbles.
- What characterizes this device is the fact that above the thin film (or liquid foam) generator channel there is a gas retention chamber with space to hold the gas in the water and a part to accumulate freshly formed bubbles below the gas retention chamber.
- Said equipment has severe limitations on volumetric gas dissolution capacity in massive volumes of liquids.
- the commercially available device has 4 cm diameter in the thin film liquid forming region and maximum full aeration capacity (ie oxygen saturation) of only 20 liters of water per minute.
- the apparatus of the present invention provides a very higher gas dissolution scale, orders of magnitude greater than said prior art device.
- the examples shown in Figures 4, 13 and 17 provide, respectively, complete aeration (i.e. oxygen saturation) of 1200, 2400 and 9800 liters of water per minute.
- the equipment of the invention also provides other structural and operational advantages, as will be further detailed below.
- equipment for introducing gases into liquids is known in the art and the operating principles are basically as follows: (i) introduction of regular sized gas bubbles and use of mechanical force to facilitate their dissolution. This technique is not energy efficient and provides low gas dissolution rate; (ii) introduction of microbubbles, which due to their better area-to-volume ratio increase the rate of gas dissolution in the liquid.
- these equipments make use of the generation of high velocity liquid flows, generating a vacuum that allows the introduction of gas in the form of microbubbles, such as Venturi type devices and others that operate on pressurized water, or even in turbines as exemplified in SI 24084 A.
- the equipment of the present invention differs from those described in said documents, among others, for various technical reasons.
- the apparatus of the invention provides substantial increase in the amount and rate of gas dissolution in the liquid body, with low energy consumption, low cost, high volumetric gas dissolution capacity - some orders of magnitude greater than known counterparts.
- the equipment of the invention provides for gas stripping rather than just introducing large amounts of gas.
- a fundamental technical difference is that in the system of the invention there is no injection of gaseous species into the liquid, but gas exchange, whereas in conventional systems there is gas injection, which can lead to the serious problem of saturation with undesirable gases.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises means for changing / controlling the direction of water flow, which is yet another additional technical advantage that is not attained by prior art devices / equipment.
- the process of the present invention differs from said documents, among other technical reasons, by providing an efficient process for substantially increasing the amount and rate of dissolution of gases in the liquid body, with low energy consumption and adjustability under different circumstances. operation, climate and / or energy availability from external sources.
- the process of the invention conveniently combines the characteristics of the equipment of the invention with the characteristics of other state of the art equipment, providing substantial technical advantages.
- the inventive concept common to the various protection contexts of the present invention is a "Lung", a device specifically developed for substantially increasing the amount and rate of dissolution of gases in such liquids.
- the equipment of the invention has the ability to adjust to different operating circumstances and high energy efficiency, operating autonomously or with reduced external power supply demand.
- the equipment is particularly useful for massive gas dissolution in liquids and is therefore useful for the conservation and / or recovery of liquid bodies, improving the efficiency of effluent treatment plants, aquaculture systems, CO 2 fixation systems, among others.
- the apparatus of the invention operates on the principle of air lift in conjunction with thin film and liquid formation and has a dissolution capacity of more than 1000 L of gas per minute in the liquid, with embodiments having a complete dissolution capacity.
- gas that is, to the desired saturation, of several m 3 / s of liquid.
- the equipment operates submerged in the liquid in which it is desired to dissolve the gas of interest. From the introduction of gas into a submerged zone within the equipment, conventional gas bubbles formed rise due to the natural thrust.
- conventional gas bubbles formed rise due to the natural thrust.
- Rising bubbles pass through one or more cross-sectional area restriction zones, and then pass through a hive with an even smaller cross-sectional area than the previous zones, which promotes bubble densification and / or coalescence.
- the bubbles then pass through a section zone expansion zone. which promotes bubble expansion, formation of thin films of liquid and the explosion of such films.
- the liquid resulting from the bursting of thin-film liquid bubbles is saturated with the desired gases introduced and leaks through a channel by gravity while the remaining released gas follows its upward path.
- the rising released gas may undergo a new cycle equivalent to that described above, with subsequent recovery of new amount of liquid saturated with the desired gases.
- the gas is air and the liquid is water, but the invention is not limited to such substances.
- a rigid body containing a lower cross-sectional area in the lower region and a lower cross-sectional area in the upper region, said rigid body comprising one or more lower liquid inlet region (s); one or more upper and / or lower liquid outlet region (s); and one or more gas outlet region (s) at the top, said rigid body containing within it:
- hives having a plurality of internal channels with even smaller cross-sectional area relative to the zone of lower cross-sectional area in the upper region, the liquid in which the gas was dissolved being extravasated after passing through the hive.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises a partition wall within said rigid body, dividing it vertically at least partially into two regions.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises means for reversing the direction of the flow of liquid passing therethrough, thereby providing the choice of the direction of liquid flows in the flow.
- liquid bodies. Said flow inversion means are very simple and easy to operate, facilitating flow control and aeration processes in liquid bodies such as ponds and inlets.
- the equipment additionally includes one or more sets of external piping, connected to the inlet and / or outlet of liquid. Due to the operating principle of the equipment of the invention, the movement of liquids is made possible over long distances, providing in practice the dissolution of gases even at depths of several meters. Depending on the arrangement of the liquid pipes connected to the equipment of the invention, technical effects such as flow direction and plume formation of desirable gas-containing liquids in regions of interest are feasible, with little or no external energy consumption.
- the equipment of the invention makes use of the pre-existing flow of liquids (as in the case of river flow or unevenness in any liquid body) as a propelling force for gas dissolution.
- said driving force is responsible for liquid movement, gas injection / suction or both, in which case the equipment of the invention operates without external power supply or with reduced external power supply.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises: (i) one or more liquid-dissolving gas device (s), selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film liquid generators, or combinations thereof; and / or (ii) one or more subsystem (s) for energetically optimizing gas introduction / dissolution in the liquid.
- liquid-dissolving gas device selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film liquid generators, or combinations thereof.
- the subsystem (s) for energetically optimizing the introduction / dissolution of gas in the liquid are selected from: (iia) one or more pump drive control systems operating in accordance with the availability of energy and / or its cost, or according to climatic, biological or geophysical cycles; (iib) one or more available kinetic or potential energy utilization system (s), including gravity, existing gas and / or liquid flows, such as water gap, river or boat engine flow, booster pumps and / or pneumatic devices; (iic) one or more power generation subsystem (s), such as wind, solar, tidal flow, or chemical transformation, among others; or (iid) one or more ex situ microorganism enrichment subsystems, which provides a reduction in energy demand for gas dissolution in the liquid in question.
- the process of the invention makes use of the equipment of the invention.
- the apparatus and process of the invention provide: high increase in the rate of gas dissolution in liquids and / or the total amount of gases dissolved in liquids; the reduction of energy consumption, or the need for external power supply for the dissolution of gases in a liquid body; adjusting the equipment to environmental conditions or circumstantial needs, or both at the same time.
- the process of the invention is particularly useful for the revitalization, conservation and / or bathing of open liquid bodies such as ponds, rivers, lagoons and inlets, as well as in increasing the productivity, quality and / or environmental efficiency of aquaculture processes. .
- the invention is useful for the removal of undesirable organic fillers dissolved or dispersed in liquid bodies.
- the process of the invention is also useful for dissolving other gases in liquids, such as factory-produced CO 2 which is conveniently dissolved by the equipment and process of the invention for fixing this carbon source and / or its biotransformation and other substances of interest. economic. Still other gases or combinations thereof are conveniently dissolved on a large scale with the equipment and / or process of the invention, including ozone and mixing thereof with air and / or other gases.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates the inventive concept, in its different embodiments and applications, indicating: (i) Lung, one or more equipment (s) of the invention for the massive dissolution of gases in liquids; B is an air or liquid pump which is optional and used in some embodiments; One or more device (s) selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film liquid, or combinations thereof, which is optional and used in some embodiments; F is a flotation device which is optional and used in some embodiments, which may be a boat; (ii) SEE, one or more system (s) for energetically optimizing the introduction / dissolution of gas in the liquid selected from: (iia) one or more pump drive control systems operating in accordance with energy availability and / or its cost, or according to climatic, biological or geophysical cycles; (iib) one or more available kinetic or potential energy utilization system (s), including existing gravity, air or liquid flows, such as boats, booster pumps, pneumatic devices; (iic) one or more power generation subsystem (s), such as wind, solar
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an equipment embodiment of the invention.
- equipment (20) for the massive dilution of gases in liquids visualized in "exploded" version, which operates by the air lift principle;
- a gas pump (21) injects gas into the interior of the equipment through a perforated tube (22); the bubbles formed in the liquid rise and pass through one or more cross-sectional area restriction zones (23, 24), then pass through a hive (or hive) (25), which is provided with a internal channel series (26) with even smaller cross-sectional area compared to the lower areas (23, 24).
- the passage of bubbles through said hive provides the formation of thin films of liquid, at least in part due to the coalescence of bubbles.
- the formation of thin films of liquid provides both liquid saturation with incoming gas and removal of gases that were previously in the liquid (also known as stripping).
- the equipment of the invention is also very useful for desaturating certain gases from the liquid, i.e. removing unwanted gases in the liquid by replacing them with desired gases.
- B) The same equipment is shown, but in solid version. Shown are: the gas inlet (21), the gas outlet (22), liquid inlets (23) and a schematic representation of the optional partition wall (25).
- C) the cross-sectional side view of the hive is shown in one embodiment in which the area of each inlet section of liquids and gases (bottom, 1, 2 cm 2 ) is larger than the area of each outlet section of liquids and gases (upper part, 1 cm 2 ).
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the equipment of the present invention.
- equipment in the form of pyramidal trunk with dimensions of 60 X 44 X 100 cm, respectively height, width and length.
- the upper part is 15 cm wide.
- This pyramidal trunk configuration provides stability in beds or watercourses and also the rise of conventional air bubbles blown into the machine, it passes through the reduced cross-section and subsequent passage through the honeycomb through which the bubbles coalesce and form thin films of liquid.
- the liquid bubbles in the film rupture after passing through the hive, so that the liquid saturated with fresh gases leaks through the side duct as indicated. The remaining gases are released from the upper opening.
- This embodiment of equipment of the invention provides for complete saturation of desirable gases (or aeration) in the liquid at 1200 liters per minute (only one side) or up to 2400 liters of liquid per minute (operating on both sides).
- the equipment operates with two blowers, each CV-51 M model (SNatural) and 0.5 CV flow capacity of 1200 liters of air per minute, pressure of 1200 mm water column, by blowing air through a tube 100mm perforated on each side of the partition wall with 1mm holes.
- B) there is shown a schematic representation of this embodiment of the equipment of the invention in exploded version, showing the water inlet ducts (33) and the perforated duct (31) as well as the liquid outlets at the top.
- C) a perspective view of this embodiment of the equipment of the invention is shown, showing at the top the area where two hives are located (one on either side of the central separation wall) each containing 7 cm deep and wide, and 100 cm in length. In this embodiment, each quadrangular opening of the hive has an area of 1 cm 2 .
- D) a side cross-sectional view of this embodiment of the equipment of the invention is shown, and positions are indicated where the two perforated gas insufflation tubes (bottom) are placed, and bubbles rise. The arrows indicate the flow of liquid caused by the rise of the bubbles, which pass through the hives and leak through the sides.
- Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of an apparatus according to Figure 3, but in a configuration with a partition wall containing only one hive (45) on the right side, such that gas supply through the Right side generates rise of bubbles and thus generates an upward flow of liquid (43), which passes through the hive and spills to the left side (44).
- the equipment operates with a blower CV-51 M model (SNatural) and 0.5 CV flow capacity of 1200 liters of gas per minute, pressure of 1200 mm water column, blowing of one side of the separation wall, gases through a perforated 100cm tube (41).
- This configuration provides full gasification / aeration capacity of up to 1200 liters per minute, with right-to-left flow.
- Figure 5 shows details of the separation wall used in the middle of the equipment described in figure 4.
- A) is shown below a perforated pipe (51) for the gas supply at the bottom and, at the top, the details from the hive (53) through which the liquid and the conventional bubbles pass, forming the thin films of liquid at the end.
- the perspective view shows only one side, as used in figure 4, but the separating wall 52 may have a hive and a perforated tube on the other side as illustrated in figure 3D.
- Figure 6 shows details of another embodiment of the invention (only half of the equipment being represented), provided with an additional division (63) to provide dimensional separation of the zones of rising liquid and bubbles. Said further division is unique and arranged along the extension of the partition wall, parallel to it in one dimension and angled in another, to proportionally divide the upward flow area of liquid and bubbles. This configuration is conveniently used in conjunction with the embodiment shown in figure 4.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the equipment of the invention, which provides for the reversal of liquid flow by changing the position of the partition wall (position 1 or 2).
- Said embodiment presents a separation wall containing two perforated gas injection tubes, one on each side, only one of which is activated according to the desired flow direction, knowing that it is the upward flow of bubbles that determines the direction of liquid flow due to the principle of air lift.
- the separation wall is positioned at point 1 and gas is inflated only to the left side of the equipment, providing the flow of liquid from left to right.
- the separation wall is positioned at point 2 and the gas is inflated only on the right side of the equipment, providing the flow of liquid from right to left.
- Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of gas injection / aeration tube pivoting or rotating along its radial axis, providing for change of direction of upward flow of bubbles.
- the separating wall is in a fixed position and the gas injection tube is positioned at the lower end thereof at the bottom and aligned with the wall.
- the liquid flow is directed from left to right by rotating the gas injection tube to position 1.
- the flow of liquid is directed from right to left by turning the gas injection tube to position 2.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of the equipment, which provides for reversal of liquid flow without changing the position of the separation wall or rotation of the gas injection / aeration tube.
- Said embodiment is provided with a separating wall and a single gas injection tube (91), above which there is a changing position half rod to direct the gas to one side of the equipment, determining the direction of liquid flow.
- the half cane is positioned on the right side of the equipment to allow bubble flow only from the left side, causing liquid flow to occur from left (93) to right (94).
- the half rod is positioned on the left side of the equipment to allow the flow of bubbles only from the right side, causing the flow of liquid to occur from right (93) to left (94).
- Figure 10 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of equipment whose configuration is according to figure 3A or 9B, with It is evidenced the half cane positioned on the left side and the flow of liquid from the right (103) to the left (104).
- Figure 11 shows a schematic representation of the pipes connected to an embodiment of equipment of the present invention submerged in a water tank.
- the arrows indicate the direction of the flow of water that enters (1 13) and exits the equipment (1 14), as well as the inlet (1 1 1) and gas outlet (1 12).
- Also shown at the top are left (11) and right (16) valves that provide flow change or bidirectional flow when both are open.
- the flow direction changing system is distinct from that described in FIGS. 9-10, being made by sliding plates that close either side of the equipment next to the central separation plate.
- Figure 12 shows in more detail the separating sliding plates indicated in figure 11.
- On the left (A) is shown the open position that allows gases to pass on both sides of the equipment;
- In the center of the figure (B) is shown the position that provides the gas passage only on the right side of the equipment;
- To the right of the figure (C) is shown the position of the sliding plates that provides the gas passage only on the left side of the equipment.
- Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the equipment of the invention, two gasification / supply ducts being shown near the inner central region of the equipment, two valved pipes (one on the left, one on the right, one on the right). 137) for aerated liquid overflow and a five-valve system in the gas supply pipes (131) for controlling the supply direction and consequently the flow of liquid.
- Figure 14 shows in A) details of the gasification / air supply pipes (141) in perspective view without the rest of the equipment described in figure 13.
- B details of the valve system for the supply lines are shown. air supply.
- the equipment With valve 5 closed and valves 1 -2, 3-4 open, the equipment operates with two gas blower pumps (pump 1, B1, and pump 2, B2), the liquid flow being upward on both sides of the equipment, which operates at At its maximum capacity, the liquid containing the dissolved gas being spilled through the side pipes 6 and 7 shown in figure 13.
- valve 5 With valve 5 open, at least four modes of operation are possible: (i) with valves 1, 2 and 4 open and valve 3 closed, only pump 1 inflates gas and feeds both sides of the equipment; (ii) with valves 2, 3 and 4 open and valve 1 closed, only pump 2 inflates gas and feeds both sides of the equipment; (iii) with valves 1 and 4 open and valves 2 and 3 closed, only pump 1 inflates and feeds the right side of the equipment while the left side serves for overflow (in which case valves 6 and 7 shown in (iv) With valves 3 and 2 open and valves 1 and 4 closed, only pump 2 inflates gas and feeds the left side of the equipment, while the right side serves for overflow (in which the valves 6 and 7 shown in Figure 13.
- valve arrangement provides a great deal of flexibility in operation, safety in the event of failure of one of the pumps and also reversal of liquid flow at the operator's choice with simple valve changes.
- automatic, pneumatic and / or electronic control systems of these valves are readily implementable from the present description.
- Figure 15 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of equipment of the invention which is provided with three consecutive stages of hives for the formation of thin films.
- A) the side sectional view (only half of the equipment) is shown and in B) the perspective view of the equipment as a whole.
- the rise of the bubbles causes the airlift effect, causing the liquid volume equivalent to the rising gas volume to be dragged upwards. Consequently, in this three-stage embodiment, for every 1200 liters of air blown into the equipment, 3600 liters of water flow through the equipment and are completely saturated with oxygen, without requiring additional energy (compared to the one-stage configuration). Thus, with 0.5HP of air pump power in half of the equipment, 3600 liters of water per minute is completely saturated with oxygen. For double-sided and two-pump equipment (or one pump with double capacity), the equipment of this embodiment provides, with 1 HP of air pump power in the equipment, 7200 liters of water per minute fully saturated with oxygen. .
- Figure 16 shows two schematic side sectional representations of other embodiments of the invention (shown only the left half), both with three successive stages of thin film formation.
- the water inlets to be aerated are made through the central region of the equipment, unlike the embodiment of figure 15, in which this is done from the sides.
- Figure 17 illustrates yet another embodiment of equipment of the invention, which shows a side sectional view of only half of the equipment.
- the equipment provides, with 0.5HP of air pump power in half of the equipment, complete oxygen saturation of 4800 liters of water per minute).
- the equipment of this embodiment provides, with 1 HP of air pump power in the equipment, 9600 liters of water per minute completely saturated with oxygen.
- a larger embodiment comprising a 52.5 cm wide, 7 cm deep and 200 cm long hive (or two half size hives each) and the rigid body having a 200 cm long conical trunk shape , 100cm high and 150cm wide, has full aeration capacity, or complete saturation of water with air oxygen, of 1 m 3 / s of water. Therefore, the energy demand is of the order of 10HP or 7.5kW when one or more blower (s) powered by external electric power is used.
- This configuration provides for the dissolution of 38, 6 g O2 / S, 138.9 02 kg / h, or 3.33 O 2 ton / day, which is equivalent to a daily organic load (BOD) of sewage from a population 62 thousand inhabitants (base of 54 grams per day of BOD per inhabitant, by IMHOFF in 2000).
- BOD daily organic load
- Figure 18 shows a schematic representation of a process embodiment of the invention, in which an equipment according to figure 4 is installed in a fish growing tank. Details of the piping installations (181, 183, 184) and the position of the equipment in relation to the water level (185) are shown.
- FIG 19 shows a schematic representation of a process embodiment of the invention, in which an overhead view is shown of an apparatus according to Figure 4, but having a complete aeration (saturation) capacity of 1,000. liters per minute of water, arranged in a water tank.
- the equipment of this embodiment includes 5 water inlet pipes 193 and 5 water outlet pipes 194, each pipe carrying or receiving 200 liters of water per minute.
- the operator chooses which side a liquid stream will be formed at and at what time.
- the inventive apparatus provides processes in which flow reversal is a useful step in the process, such as aeration of tidal liquid bodies and / or influence of localized organic charge inlets, as well as to facilitate the clearing of equipment or parts thereof. with plastics and other solid materials that may come into contact with the equipment, in which case the equipment is "self-cleaning", providing substantial process control advantages.
- Figure 20 shows a schematic representation of a gas exchange process in an aquaculture cultivation tank, viewed from above.
- the representation shows an equipment according to figure 4, with complete gas dissolution capacity (saturation with the desired gases) of 1000 liters per minute of water, installed in a 40m x 30m aquaculture tank.
- Points 1-10 indicate the start or end positions of the pipes connecting to the equipment of the invention.
- the inlets and outlets are chosen to maximize the liquid homogenization of the tank by alternating the locations where the (not still gasified) liquid is sucked and the already gasified liquid is discharged.
- point 1 is the discharge site of suction gasified liquid from point 7; point 2 is the place of suction water not yet carbonated, and the discharge of carbonated water is made in point 6; point 3 is the discharge place of suctioned carbonated liquid from point 10; point 4 is the place of suction of water not yet carbonated, being the discharge of carbonated water made in point 9; point 5 is the place of discharge of suctioned carbonated liquid from point 8.
- Fig. 21 shows a schematic representation of another arrangement of piping connected to equipment used in a process embodiment of the present invention.
- the arrows indicate the direction of water flow in and out of the equipment.
- Figure 22 schematically illustrates a process embodiment of the invention in which a 1000L liquid body receives gas dissolution.
- an arrangement of two gas-to-liquid dissolution devices one being a BT-50 (Riverforest Corporation) microbubble generator (222) in hydraulic connection to a 0.5 HP liquid pump (223) ( WEG), and a model FBT-50 micro-bubble and thin film liquid generating device (Riverforest Corporation) hydraulically connected to a 0.5 HP (WEG) liquid pump (225); and
- an ex situ microorganism enrichment subsystem (226) B Braun
- FIG 23 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the equipment of the invention consisting of a floating unit (230), also represented by the symbol comprising: an air pump (231) piped to one or more devices (s). ) (232) liquid film thinner (s); a water pump (233) piped to one or more micro-bubble and / or thin-film forming device (s) (234), said device (s) (234) provided ) air inlet next to the liquid surface, the liquid inlet pipe (235) in the pump (233) being also indicated; a pump drive controller (236), optionally connected to a diesel electricity generator; a solar panel (237) connected to the controller (236) and / or pumps (231, 233); a power generation wind turbine (238) connected to the controller (236) and / or pumps (231, 233); is a schematic representation of the water line (239).
- Fig. 24 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the equipment of the invention consisting of another floating unit (240) comprising: an air pump (241) piped to one or more device (s) (242) liquid film thinner (s); an ex-situ micro-organism enrichment subsystem (243), substantially increasing the amount of microorganisms previously present in the liquid body and reintroducing them (244), providing a reduction in the amount of energy required for aeration in the liquid body required for the growth of microorganisms (ex-situ growth saves energy and provides faster growth).
- Figure 25 shows a schematic representation of the ex situ microbial enrichment subsystem 250 shown in Figure 23 or 24 for subsequent or concomitant introduction of the microorganisms cultured therein to the liquid body.
- reactor (250) for ex-situ enrichment of microorganisms air inlet (251) in the reactor; air filter (252), optionally also including an air bubble generator; gas outlet (253) from the reactor; agitator motor (254); stirring paddles (255); output (256) of fermented must in the reactor, rich in microorganisms; fluid inlet (257) for temperature control in the reactor jacket; temperature control fluid outlet (258) in the reactor jacket; and probe (259) indicating physicochemical parameters in the reactor, optionally being connected to the fluid inlet control for temperature control and / or to another reactor control element.
- Figure 26 shows a graph showing the oxygen saturation curve in water (without salinity) according to temperature, also indicating the minimum limits of oxygen in the liquid body and its associated phenomena.
- the ordinates are values of dissolved oxygen concentration in water in mg / L (or ppm); in abscissa temperatures are given in degrees Celsius.
- (261) indicates the saturation or maximum dissolution curve of oxygen in water at different temperatures;
- (262) indicates the minimum recommended dissolved oxygen concentration for fish farming;
- (263) indicates the minimum recommended dissolved oxygen concentration for water treatment;
- (264) indicates the dissolved oxygen concentration below which unpleasant odor formation occurs in the liquid body.
- Figure 27 shows a schematic representation of a process embodiment of the invention, in which the equipment and process for recovering / revitalizing the Bom Jesus Cove on Fund ⁇ o Island is depicted. Shown in A) is a picture of Fund ⁇ o Island, the arrow indicating the location of Bom Jesus Cove; in B) a schematic representation of the Bom Jesus Cove, in which a schematic representation of an equipment embodiment of the invention provides for increased oxygen dissolution rate, increased total amount of dissolved oxygen in the liquid body and substantial energy reduction to this end, being in addition adjustable to the conditions of tide and other climatic conditions. According to data from INEA (2014), the most critical region of the entire Guanabara Bay in terms of organic load is around the island of Fund ⁇ o.
- Figure 28 shows a schematic (non-scaled) representation of an embodiment of the invention in which the equipment and process of the invention are used for increasing the dissolved oxygen level and water quality of a pond. river or aquaculture tank. Shown are: three units of the inventive equipment (280), each with an aeration capacity of 2400 L of water per minute, placed in the liquid body; schematic representation of an air pump (281) having a 7200 L air per minute air insufflation capacity, optionally including a pump drive / adjustment controller (282) for times of aeration demand in the liquid body; the air pipe (283) connecting the air pump (281) to the equipment (280) for massively diluting air in the liquid; and an energy generating wind turbine (284).
- Fig. 29 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of the invention, in which the equipment and process of the invention are used for increasing the dissolved oxygen level and water quality of a river next to a highway or avenue. Shown are: three units of the inventive equipment (290), each with an aeration capacity of 2400 L of water per minute, placed in the liquid body; a schematic representation of an air pump or air compressor (291) with a 7200 L air per minute supply capacity, optionally including a pump / compressor drive / adjustment controller (292) for times of aeration demand in the liquid body; the air tubing (293) that connects the air pump / compressor (291) to the equipment (290) for massively diluting air into the liquid; and a power generating spine (294) to power the pump (291).
- the spine 294 is optionally a pneumatic spine that feeds the compressor 291 directly with air.
- Figure 30 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of the invention in which the power of the boat propulsion engine is harnessed for the generation of microbubbles and / or thin films of liquid, thus dispensing with the use of other pumps or other sources of energy.
- This embodiment of the invention enables in practice the conversion of boats and ships into oxygen return units to the liquid bodies in which they sail. Indicated in: A) a boat (300) with an inboard motor and (301) the hydrodynamic flow generated in the posterior region of the boat, ie after the propulsion effect.
- an inboard motor boat (300) comprises a microbubble and / or thin film liquid generating device (302) attached to the back of the boat propeller, to take advantage of the hydrodynamic flow generated by boat movement.
- the movement of The liquid inside the device causes a suction and there is a breath above the surface of the liquid through which air enters the device 302 causing microbubbles and / or thin films of liquid to flow into the water 303, aerating it.
- the inventive concept common to the various protection contexts of the present invention is equipment specifically developed for substantially increasing the amount and rate of dissolution of gases in such liquids.
- the equipment of the invention has the ability to adjust to different operating circumstances and high energy efficiency, operating autonomously or with reduced external power supply demand.
- the equipment is particularly useful for massive gas dissolution in liquids and is therefore useful for the conservation and / or recovery of liquid bodies, improving the efficiency of effluent treatment plants, aquaculture systems, CO 2 fixation systems, among others.
- the equipment of the invention operates on the principle of air lift in conjunction with thin and liquid film formation and has the ability to dissolve more than 1000 L of gas per minute in the liquid, with no defined scaling limit, since the sizing only depends on the equipment configuration.
- the equipment operates submerged in the liquid in which it is desired to dissolve the gas of interest. From the introduction of gas into a submerged zone within the equipment, conventional gas bubbles formed rise due to the natural thrust.
- conventional gas bubbles formed rise due to the natural thrust.
- Rising bubbles pass through one or more cross-sectional area restriction zones, and then pass through a hive with an even smaller cross-sectional area than the previous zones, which promotes bubble densification and / or coalescence. Then the bubbles pass through an expansion zone of the cross-sectional area, which promotes bubble expansion, formation of thin liquid films and the explosion of such films.
- the liquid resulting from the bursting of thin-film liquid bubbles is saturated with the desired gases introduced and leaks through a channel by gravity while the remaining released gas follows its upward path.
- the rising released gas may undergo a new cycle equivalent to that described above, with subsequent recovery of new amount of liquid saturated with the desired gases.
- the gas is air and the liquid is water, but the invention is not limited to such substances.
- Equipment for mass dilution of gases in liquids comprises:
- a rigid body containing a lower cross-sectional area in the lower region and a lower cross-sectional area in the upper region, said rigid body comprising one or more lower liquid inlet region (s); one or more upper and / or lower liquid outlet region (s); and one or more gas outlet region (s) at the top, said rigid body containing within it:
- hives having a plurality of internal channels with even smaller cross-sectional area relative to the zone of lower cross-sectional area in the upper region, the liquid in which the gas was dissolved being extravasated after passing through the hive.
- the rigid body of the equipment of the invention further comprises a partition wall within it, dividing the rigid body vertically at least partially into two regions.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises means for reversing the direction of the flow of liquid passing therethrough.
- said means for reversing the flow direction is selected from: rotating a perforated pipe to one or another internal area of the equipment of the invention; use of a position-changing physical barrier to divert the flow of gases to one or another internal area of the equipment of the invention; use of a perforated pipe in each internal area of the equipment, selectively actuating one, the other or both areas by means of valves; or combinations thereof.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises one or more outer pipe assemblies connected to the liquid inlet and / or outlet.
- the equipment of the invention additionally comprises a means of suction or injection of gases into its interior, whose driving force is a flow of liquids or a slope in any liquid body.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises: (i) one or more liquid-dissolving gas device (s) selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film films, or combinations thereof; and / or (ii) one or more subsystem (s) for energetically optimizing gas introduction / dissolution in the liquid.
- liquid-dissolving gas device selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film films, or combinations thereof
- subsystem s for energetically optimizing gas introduction / dissolution in the liquid.
- said subsystem (s) for energetically optimizing the introduction / dissolution of gas in the liquid is selected from: (iia) one or more flow control systems. driving pumps, operating according to the availability of energy and / or its cost, or according to climatic, biological or geophysical cycles; (iib) one or more available kinetic or potential energy utilization system (s), including gravity, existing gas and / or liquid flows, such as water gap, river or boat engine flow, repression and / or pneumatic devices; (iic) one or more power generation subsystem (s) such as wind, solar, tidal flow, or transformation chemistry, among others; and / or (iid) one or more ex situ microorganism enrichment subsystems, which provides the reduction of energy demand for gas dissolution in the liquid in question.
- the equipment of the invention further comprises means for flotation and / or one or more gas and / or liquid pumps.
- the process for the mass dilution of gases in liquids of the invention comprises the use of the equipment of the invention.
- the process of the invention comprises dissolving oxygen from air; of CO 2 ; ozone and / or other gases; and combinations thereof.
- the process of the invention further comprises: (i) the use of one or more liquid gas dissolution device (s), selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film, or combinations of the same. same; and / or (ii) the use of one or more subsystem (s) to energetically optimize gas introduction / dissolution in the liquid.
- liquid gas dissolution device selected from microbubble, nanobubble, thin film, or combinations of the same. same
- subsystem s
- the equipment of the invention provides much more flexibility of operation and a significant increase in the amount and rate of gas dissolution in the liquid body, and consequently in the organic charge removal capacity.
- the amount of oxygen present in the air (21% by volume, 23% by weight) and the density of air (approximately 1.2 kg / m 3 ) determine that each cubic meter of air has 276g of O 2.
- 8.3 mg / L is the oxygen saturation limit dissolved in fresh water at 25 ° C; and 6.6 mg / L in seawater (35 ppm salinity), as shown in tables 1 and 2 below, respectively.
- each cubic meter of air fully dissolved in water represents the dissolution of 276g of oxygen.
- the equipment of the invention is connected to an air pump; said pump may be continuously supplied with power from a wind turbine, or it may be powered / supplied at times of low demand (for example, at night, when dissolved oxygen concentration in ponds tends to decrease) so as to harness energy that would not be used by the electrical system.
- the equipment of the invention operates independently and sustainably, ie without external energy input, providing continuous or semi-continuous dissolution of gases in liquids without external source energy consumption.
- the equipment of the invention comprises pump drive control subsystem one operating according to fluid dynamics and / or cycles.
- pump drive control subsystem one operating according to fluid dynamics and / or cycles.
- Such an embodiment described in more detail in at least one example in the "Detailed Description of the Invention" section, is particularly useful for increasing efficiency and / or reducing energy consumption for dissolving gases in open liquid bodies, as is the case. of lagoons, coves, bays and the like.
- the equipment of the invention comprises an ex situ microbial culture enrichment subsystem for subsequent or concomitant reintroduction into said liquid body.
- This embodiment provides the selection of specific microorganisms already present in the liquid body's ecological system, their enrichment and reintroduction into the liquid body, thereby reducing or avoiding unwanted environmental impact or risk, and reducing the energy required for gas dissolution. in the liquid body to be recovered due to the higher efficiency and speed of recovery of the liquid body.
- the equipment and process of the invention provide conditions for organisms present in the liquid body to have high metabolic activity under aerobic conditions, providing accelerated degradation or conversion of the organic charge without the introduction of exogenous substances or organisms.
- Such embodiments independently of one another provide, among other advantages: higher rate (rate) of oxygen dissolution in liquid bodies; higher capacity (quantity) of gas introduction into liquids; low energy consumption for dissolving oxygen in the liquid body and / or substantially reducing the need for external power supply; adjustment to environmental conditions; or both.
- the invention also provides for the selection of aeration regimes compatible with the biological cycle (s) to be promoted; the strategy of use and reintroduction of specific microorganisms to act in the liquid body; the selection of concentration ranges of microorganisms to act on the liquid body; selecting the time when such organisms are added; the high rate of change in the concentration of microorganism (s) in the liquid body, which makes it possible to adjust the remediation process according to the changes in organic load of the incoming material in the liquid body; high metabolism rate of ex-situ cultured microorganisms adapted to local ecological conditions to degrade and / or transform undesirable substances in the liquid body. These factors, either alone or combined, they reduce the recovery times of the liquid body; substantially increased performance of bioremediation systems.
- the present invention provides a solution to the problem of the high amount of energy required for dissolution of gases in liquids, makes this process much to avoid the formation of undesirable gases and by providing their removal (such as methane, H 2 S and others) through the equipment of the invention.
- the equipment of the invention provides an efficient and advantageous approach to bioremediation of liquid bodies.
- the process of the invention is applicable, among others, to the conservation and / or recovery of lakes, rivers, lagoons, coves, beaches and mangroves.
- FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the equipment of the present invention.
- equipment in the form of pyramidal trunk with dimensions of 60 X 44 X 100 cm, respectively height, width and length. The upper part is 15 cm wide.
- This pyramidal trunk configuration provides stability in beds or watercourses and also the rise of conventional air bubbles blown into the machine, it passes through the reduced cross-section and subsequent passage through the honeycomb through which the bubbles coalesce and form thin films of liquid.
- the liquid bubbles in the film rupture after passing through the hive, so that the liquid saturated with fresh gases leaks through the side duct as indicated.
- the remaining gases are released from the upper opening.
- This embodiment of equipment of the invention provides full saturation of desirable gases (or aeration) in the liquid of up to 2400 liters of liquid per minute.
- the machine operates with two blowers, each CV-51 M model (SNatural) and 0.5 CV flow capacity of 1200 liters of air per minute, pressure of 1200 mm water column, blowing air through a 100mm perforated pipe on either side of the partition wall with 1mm holes.
- CV-51 M model SNatural
- 0.5 CV flow capacity 1200 liters of air per minute
- pressure of 1200 mm water column blowing air through a 100mm perforated pipe on either side of the partition wall with 1mm holes.
- B) there is shown a schematic representation of this embodiment of the equipment of the invention in exploded version, showing the water inlet ducts (33) and the perforated duct (31) as well as the liquid outlets at the top. aerated (34) and waste gas (32).
- C) a perspective view of this embodiment of the equipment of the invention is shown, showing at the top the area where two hives are located (one on either side of the central separation wall) each containing 7 cm deep and wide, and 100 cm in length. Each quadrangular opening of the hive has an area of 1 cm 2 .
- D) a side cross-sectional view of this embodiment of the equipment of the invention is shown, and positions are indicated where the two perforated gas insufflation tubes (bottom) are placed, and rising of the bubbles. The arrows indicate the flow of liquid caused by the rise of the bubbles, which pass through the hives and leak through the sides.
- the equipment of this embodiment or any of its embodiments provides much more flexibility of operation and a significant increase in the amount and rate of gas dissolution in liquid, and consequently in the ability to remove unwanted organic charge.
- the amount of oxygen present in the air (21% by volume, 23% by weight) and the density of air (approximately 1.2 kg / m 3 ) determine that each cubic meter of air has 276g of O 2.
- 8.3 mg / L is the oxygen saturation limit dissolved in fresh water at 25 ° C.
- This embodiment of the equipment of the invention (a thin film forming stage, injection of 1200 liters of air per minute) provides a saturation capacity of 1200 liters of water per minute, which is equivalent to dissolving up to 9 liters of water per minute. , 6 g O2 per minute at the energy cost of 0.5 HP.
- Example 2 Equipment for mass dilution of gases in liquids provided with means for changing the flow direction of liquids.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of an apparatus according to Fig. 3, but in a configuration with a partition wall containing only one hive (45) on the right side, so that the gas supply on the right side generates bubbles rise and thus generates an upward flow of liquid (43), which passes through the hive and leaks to the left side (44).
- the equipment operates with a model CV-51 M (SNatural) blower of 0.5 HP and with a flow capacity of 1200 liters of gas per minute, pressure of 1200 mm of Column cWater, by inflating gas from one side of the separation wall through a perforated 100cm tube (41).
- CV-51 M SNatural blower of 0.5 HP and with a flow capacity of 1200 liters of gas per minute, pressure of 1200 mm of Column cWater, by inflating gas from one side of the separation wall through a perforated 100cm tube (41).
- This configuration provides full gasification / aeration capacity of up to 1200 liters per minute, with right-to-left flow.
- Figure 5 shows details of the separation wall used in the middle of the equipment described in figure 4.
- A) is shown below a perforated pipe (51) for the gas supply at the bottom and, at the top, the details from the hive (53) through which the liquid and the conventional bubbles pass, forming the thin films of liquid at the end.
- the perspective view shows only one side, as used in figure 4, but the separating wall 52 may have a hive and a perforated tube on the other side as illustrated in figure 3D.
- Figure 6 shows details of another embodiment of the invention (only half of the equipment being represented), provided with an additional division (63) to provide dimensional separation of the zones of rising liquid and bubbles. Said further division is unique and arranged along the extension of the partition wall, parallel to it in one dimension and angled in another, to proportionally divide the upward flow area of liquid and bubbles. This configuration is conveniently used in conjunction with the embodiment shown in figure 4.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the equipment of the invention, which provides for the reversal of liquid flow by changing the position of the partition wall. (position 1 or 2).
- Said embodiment presents a separation wall containing two perforated gas injection tubes, one on each side, only one of which is activated according to the desired flow direction, knowing that it is the upward flow of bubbles that determines the direction of liquid flow due to the principle of air lift.
- the separation wall is positioned at point 1 and gas is inflated only to the left side of the equipment, providing the flow of liquid from left to right.
- the separation wall is positioned at point 2 and the gas is inflated only on the right side of the equipment, providing the flow of liquid from right to left.
- Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of gas injection / aeration tube pivoting or rotating along its radial axis, providing for change of direction of upward flow of bubbles.
- the separating wall is in a fixed position and the gas injection tube is positioned at the lower end thereof at the bottom and aligned with the wall.
- the liquid flow is directed from left to right by rotating the gas injection tube to position 1.
- the flow of liquid is directed from right to left by turning the gas injection tube to position 2.
- Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of the equipment, which provides for the reversal of liquid flow without changing the position of the separation wall or rotation of the gas injection / aeration tube.
- Said embodiment is provided with a separating wall and a single gas injection tube (91), above which there is a changing position half rod to direct the gas to one side of the equipment, determining the direction of liquid flow.
- the half cane is positioned on the right side of the equipment to allow bubble flow only from the left side, causing liquid flow to occur from left (93) to right (94).
- the half cane is positioned on the left side of the equipment to allow bubbles to flow only through the right side, causing fluid flow to occur from right (93) to left (94).
- Figure 10 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of equipment the configuration of which is in accordance with Figure 3A or 9B, showing the half rod positioned on the left side and the flow of liquid from the right (103) to the left. (104).
- Figure 11 shows a schematic representation of the pipes connected to an embodiment of equipment of the present invention submerged in a water tank.
- the arrows indicate the direction of the flow of water that enters (1 13) and exits the equipment (1 14), as well as the inlet (1 1 1) and gas outlet (1 12).
- Also shown at the top are left (11) and right (16) valves that provide flow change or bidirectional flow when both are open.
- the flow direction changing system is distinct from that described in FIGS. 9-10, being made by sliding plates that close either side of the equipment next to the central separation plate.
- Figure 12 shows in more detail the separating sliding plates indicated in Figure 11.
- On the left (A) is shown the open position that allows gases to pass on both sides of the equipment;
- In the center of the figure (B) is shown the position that provides the gas passage only on the right side of the equipment;
- To the right of the figure (C) is shown the position of the sliding plates that provides the gas passage only on the left side of the equipment.
- Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the equipment of the invention, two gasification / insufflation ducts are shown next to the inner central region of the equipment, two valved pipelines (one on the left, one on the right, one on the right). 137) for aerated liquid overflow and a five-valve system in the gas supply pipes (131) for controlling the supply direction and consequently the flow of liquid.
- Figure 14 shows in A) details of the gasification / air supply pipes (141) in perspective view without the rest of the equipment described in figure 13. In B) details of the valve system for the supply lines are shown. air supply.
- valve 5 With valve 5 closed and valves 1 -2, 3-4 open, the equipment operates with two gas blower pumps (pump 1, B1, and pump 2, B2), the flow of liquid being upward on both sides of the valve. equipment, which operates at its maximum capacity, the liquid containing the dissolved gas being spilled through the side pipes 6 and 7 shown in figure 13.
- valve 5 With valve 5 open, at least four modes of operation are possible: (i) with valves 1 2 and 4 open and valve 3 closed, only pump 1 inflates gas and feeds both sides of the equipment; (ii) with valves 2, 3 and 4 open and valve 1 closed, only pump 2 inflates gas and feeds both sides of the equipment; (iii) with valves 1 and 4 open and valves 2 and 3 closed, only pump 1 inflates and feeds the right side of the equipment while the left side serves for overflow (in which case valves 6 and 7 shown in (iv) With valves 3 and 2 open and valves 1 and 4 closed, only pump 2 inflates gas and feeds the left side of the equipment, while the right side serves for overflow (in which the valves 6 and 7 shown in Figure 13.
- valve arrangement provides a great deal of flexibility in operation, safety in the event of failure of one of the pumps and also reversal of liquid flow at the operator's choice with simple valve changes.
- automatic, pneumatic and / or electronic control systems of these valves are readily implementable from the present description.
- Figure 15 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of equipment of the invention which is provided with three stages. consecutive hives for thin film formation.
- A) the side sectional view (only half of the equipment) is shown and in B) the perspective view of the equipment as a whole.
- the rise of the bubbles causes the airlift effect, causing the liquid volume equivalent to the rising gas volume to be dragged upwards. Consequently, in this three-stage embodiment, for every 1200 liters of air blown into the equipment, 3600 liters of water flow through the equipment and are completely saturated with oxygen, without requiring additional energy (compared to the one-stage configuration). Thus, with 0.5HP of air pump power in half of the equipment, 3600 liters of water per minute is completely saturated with oxygen. For double-sided and two-pump equipment (or one pump with double capacity), the equipment of this embodiment provides, with 1 HP of air pump power in the equipment, 7200 liters of water per minute fully saturated with oxygen. .
- Figure 16 shows two schematic side sectional representations of other equipment embodiments of the invention (shown only left half), both with three successive stages of thin film formation.
- the water inlets to be aerated are made through the central region of the equipment, unlike the embodiment of figure 15, in which this is done from the sides.
- A) an embodiment is shown in which the divisions and water passages are made at an angle and in B) such elements are more rounded.
- Figure 17 illustrates yet another embodiment of equipment of the invention, which shows a side sectional view of only half of the equipment. In this embodiment four successive stages of thin film formation are shown which (for the same dimensions as shown in Figure 3) provides, with 0.5HP of air pump power in half of the equipment, complete oxygen saturation of 4800 liters. of water per minute.
- the equipment of this embodiment provides, with 1 HP of air pump power in the equipment, 9600 liters of water per minute completely saturated with oxygen. .
- the equipment of this embodiment provides 14% dissolution of the injected air on each side, ie for 1200 liters of injected air per minute on each side of the equipment, 4800 liters per minute of water is saturated with oxygen.
- the apparatus of this embodiment therefore provides for the dissolution of up to 76.8 g O 2 per minute and oxygen saturates 9600 liters of water per minute at the energy cost of 1 HP.
- the equipment of the invention provides for the adjustment of gas dissolution in the liquid in proportion to the oxygen demand at the site and / or the desired recovery time - the same being true for larger areas. Consequently, those skilled in the art will know from the teachings herein that the equipment not only promotes the increase of efficiency and competitiveness of companies operating in the environmental sanitation segment, but also the revitalization of areas whose economic activity is partially or partially stagnant. completely due to environmental degradation.
- Fig. 22 schematically illustrates a process embodiment of the invention in which a 1000L liquid body receives gas dissolution with: (i) an apparatus (220) according to Fig. 3 connected to a compressor (221) clean air (Schulz); (ii) an arrangement of two gas-to-liquid dissolution devices, one being a BT-50 (Riverforest Corporation) microbubble generator (222) in hydraulic connection to a 0.5 HP liquid pump (223) ( WEG), and a model FBT-50 micro-bubble and thin film liquid generating device (Riverforest Corporation) hydraulically connected to a 0.5 HP (WEG) liquid pump (225); and (iii) an ex situ microorganism enrichment subsystem (226) (B Braun), which provides the additional reduction in energy demand for gas dissolution in the liquid in question, since ex situ enrichment does not require additional inlet gasification. situ.
- B Braun ex situ microorganism enrichment subsystem
- Laboratory tests with equipment of this embodiment of the invention indicate a 70% air dissolution efficiency with the equipment and may be higher depending on operating conditions. Under these conditions, the equipment of the invention provides for the injection of each cubic meter of air into the liquid to dissolve 193.2g of O2 (and 161.2g of O2 for high humidity air whose density is approximately 1 kg / m 3 of air).
- FIG. 29 shows an embodiment of equipment (290) used for increasing the dissolved oxygen level and water quality of a lagoon.
- equipment 290
- two 7.5 HP air pumps (291) with a capacity of 7m 3 / min air each are used.
- Said pumps are controlled by a drive device that switches the power supply of a 2MW wind turbine (94) from the mains to the pumps, preferably during times of low grid power demand and therefore higher power availability.
- Pipe-connected to said air pumps (291) seven devices (290) of the invention, with a capacity of 2000 L / min (each) of air / oxygen dissolution in the lagoon water.
- the seven devices of the invention used in this process provide the dissolution of 65 kg of O 2 per night at an approximate energy consumption of 1 1.2 kW, ie 0.05%.
- the energy capacity of a single wind turbine such as that available at the Osório wind farm, which has a total of 75 wind turbines 2MW each, that is, the energy consumption of the equipment to operate under these conditions is only 0.00066% of the power generation capacity of the referred wind farm.
- the amount of oxygen returned to said Lagoon is equivalent to the treatment of approximately 6,500 m 3 of water (with BOD 10) per night in an 8 hour operating regime, that is, the process of the invention of this embodiment supplies all biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of a volume of 6,500m 3 per night cycle.
- BOD biochemical oxygen demand
- Intensive food production requires a substantially large amount of water, and it is known that water consumption in agriculture and livestock may compete with the use of water for human consumption.
- An alternative that has been growing substantially in the world, including Brazil, is Aquaculture, a system for the production of food grown in aquatic environments.
- fish production deserves attention because it is a source of protein and has a high capacity for scale expansion, especially in Brazil.
- FIG. 18 shows a schematic representation of a process embodiment of the invention in which an apparatus according to Figure 4 is installed in a fish growing tank (Tambaquis). Details of the piping installations (181, 183, 184) and the position of the equipment in relation to the water level (185) are shown.
- Figure 20 shows a schematic representation of a gas exchange process in an aquaculture culture tank, viewed from above.
- the representation shows an equipment according to figure 4, with complete gas dissolution capacity (saturation with the desired gases) in 1200 liters per minute of water, installed in a 40m x 30m aquaculture tank.
- Points 1-10 indicate the start or end positions of the pipes connecting to the equipment of the invention.
- the inlets and outlets are chosen to maximize the liquid homogenization of the tank by alternating the locations where the (not still gasified) liquid is sucked and the already gasified liquid is discharged.
- point 1 is the discharge site of suction gasified liquid from point 7; point 2 is the place of suction water not yet carbonated, and the discharge of carbonated water is made in point 6; point 3 is the discharge place of suctioned carbonated liquid from point 10; point 4 is the place of suction of water not yet carbonated, being the discharge of carbonated water made in point 9; point 5 is the place of discharge of suctioned carbonated liquid from point 8.
- the equipment of the invention is applied to the conservation / oxygenation of a 12,500 m 3 water tank for fish production, and comprises: two 0.5 HP air pumps with a capacity of 1, 2 m 3 / min of air in the tank each (operating in redundancy with supplementary pump (s), in case of eventual failure of one pump to replace it immediately or quickly).
- Said pump (s) are controlled by a drive device that switches the supply of two 1 kW wind turbines, model Generate 246 (Enersud); one set of 10 Yingli solar panels of 250 W each; and / or a 4kVA power diesel generator; for the pump (s).
- a device of the invention Connected by air tubing to said air pump (s) is a device of the invention with a capacity of 2400 L / min air / oxygen dissolution in the tank water. Substantial decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration is known to occur overnight.
- the apparatus of the invention operating at its maximum dissolving capacity of 2400 L / min of air, provides for the dissolution of 23.2 g of 0 2 / min, or 33.4 kg of O 2 per day. At a volume of 12,500 m 3 , it means the equivalent of dissolving 2.7 mg O 2 / L of water throughout the tank per day.
- the equipment of the invention is configured to operate on the most available energy during the cycle.
- the evaluated forced aeration conditions provided, in the worst case scenario, a 10% increase in productivity of fish farmed in tanks, a 5% improvement in feed conversion (it is known from the literature that fish farmed in waters with more dissolved oxygen have better feed conversion, ie require less feed to gain weight) and 10% reduction in growth cycle time, ie time for fish to reach desired weight.
- Fund ⁇ o Island which houses the University City, with the UFRJ, the Petrobras Research Center, and the Technology Park, has 523 hectares (over 5 million square meters) and has 508 households (2010) in the Residential Village - University City District) and is bordered on one side by the Cunha Canal, and on the other by Guanabara Bay (latitude 22 ° 51 '27, 24 "S and longitude 43ten ° 13'49.38” W) . Although in a potentially bucolic environment, its beaches and coves are heavily polluted by floating material (bottles, plastics etc), sewage and accumulated sludge. The stench around the island is striking, noticeable not only in the Fund ⁇ o Channel and the Cunha Channel, where thousands of people pass by day, but also in almost all of Fund ⁇ o Island.
- the Canal do Fund ⁇ o and Canal do Cunha regions are very silted, with a maximum depth of 0.5 m in many places. Although dredging (in 2007-2010) initially minimized the problems, the channel quickly returned to the initial situation as no further measures were put in place to improve the situation.
- the process of this embodiment of the invention provides, as it should be, at a minimum, the dissolution of more oxygen in water than the oxygen demand that arrives each day in the Cove as an organic charge from the tide (since there is no another dump point in the Cove).
- This embodiment of the process of the invention has been developed for environmental recovery of said liquid body and makes use of 20 inventive devices as illustrated in Figure 9, with full oxygen saturation capacity at 1200 L of water per minute, each connected to a 0.5 HP air pump (SNatural, model CV-51 M) capable of inflating 1200 L / min of air.
- 10 devices of the invention with full oxygen saturation capacity in 2400 L of water per minute are used, each connected to two 0.5 HP air pumps (SNatural, model CV-51 M) capable of inflating 1200 L / min air each.
- the pumps / blowers are connected to a 15 kVA electricity diesel generator.
- the power supply is aided by sixteen Model Yingli 250 solar panels with a capacity of 250W each one; and by four power generation wind turbines, Enersud Generar 246 model, with a capacity of 1 kW each.
- the equipment of this embodiment of the invention provides for the dissolution of 334 kg O2 / day, the supply equivalent to the daily removal of 334 kg BOD.
- BOD biochemical oxygen demand
- the process of the invention provides the supply of all biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of all volume entering said inlet daily, while still having the additional oxygen supply capacity sufficient for the removal of 34 kg of BOD per day (said Cove has approximately 30,000m 3 total volume.
- the process of this embodiment of the invention therefore provides for the removal of 1 ton of BOD from the Cove every 30 days.
- the volume recovery capacity increases proportionally until the entire volume of the Cove is fully recovered. All this at an approximate external energy consumption of 7.5kW / day (without the use of solar panels or wind turbines).
- the technology of the invention provides for the adjustment of gas dissolution in the liquid in proportion to the oxygen demand at the site and / or the desired recovery time - the same being true for larger areas or larger BODs.
- a four-stage apparatus of the invention according to Figure 17 comprising hives 52.5 cm wide, 7 cm deep and 200 cm long (or two half-size hives each).
- Said embodiment of equipment has full aeration capacity, or complete saturation of water with air oxygen, of 1 m 3 / s of water. Therefore, the energy demand is of the order of 10HP or 7.5kW when one or more blower (s) powered by external electric power is used.
- This configuration provides the dissolution of 38.6 g O 2 / s, 138.9 kg O 2 / h, or 3.33 tons O 2 / day.
- the process of the invention provides the supply of all biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of all volume entering said inlet daily, with the additional oxygen supply capacity remaining sufficient for the removal of 1, 8 ton of BOD per day (said Cove has approximately 30,000m 3 total volume. Considering the tide, even an equal volume of water enters and leaves the Cove each day). Under these conditions, the process of this embodiment of the invention therefore provides for the removal of 1.8 tons of BOD from the Cove per day.
- BOD biochemical oxygen demand
- the volumetric recovery capacity increases proportionally until the entire volume of Enseada is fully recovered. All this at an approximate external power consumption of 10 HP or 7.5kW (without using solar panels or wind turbines).
- the oxygen dissolution capacity is substantially greater than the organic charge-related oxygen demand entering said Cove, within a few days of the complete recovery of aerobic conditions in the Cove, it becomes an aerated water plume. surrounding it, radiating the aerobic zone to nearby areas around the island of Fund ⁇ o. This approach, given the low magnitude of energy demanded, makes it practically possible to balnealize this and other similar regions.
- the technology of the present invention not only promotes the increase of efficiency and competitiveness of companies operating in the environmental sanitation segment, but also the revitalization of areas whose Economic activity is partially or completely stagnant due to environmental degradation.
- the use of the inventive equipment and process adapted to each situation requiring aeration / oxygenation at different scales provides for the recovery of liquid bodies such as the depollution of part (s) of Guanabara Bay (and other bodies such as lagoons, lakes in parks etc). Said liquid bodies are largely favored by the equipment or process of the invention, which provides healthy and aerobic environment with low energy consumption.
- the present example also contributes to the parametric study and demonstration of proof of principle in larger bodies of water.
- the technologies described here are equally applicable to the situation in saltwater (coastal region and lagoons, crustacean farming) as well as freshwater (lakes, freshwater fish farming, wastewater).
- Rodrido de Freitas Lagoon has a volume of approximately 5 million m 3 of water, substantial reception of water from surrounding river basins and also has communication with the sea, with moments due to tides and / or control. Jardim de Alah channel, where seawater flows in or out.
- Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon is known for its fish-killing episodes, which impacts the lives of local fishermen, surrounding residents and tourism potential, and leisure and sports. This phenomenon has been the object of many studies and projects to solve this and other problems related to the contamination of its waters.
- the organic cargo that reaches the lagoon due to clandestine dumping or heavy rainfall It is not fully mobilized by the organisms that live there, resulting in the stratification of their waters. While aeration due to winds is substantial on the surface, in deeper areas the amount of dissolved oxygen drops dramatically, with several zones containing essentially anaerobic organic sludge. Depending on weather conditions, rainfall, winds and evictions, the situation may be critical or close to critical. Among several reasons, one in particular contributes to this scenario: the incompatibility between the amount of organic charge that reaches the lagoon and its ability to mobilize it, due to the low availability of dissolved oxygen, especially in the deepest zones.
- This embodiment of the process of the invention has been developed for environmental recovery of a region of said liquid body and makes use of 2 inventive devices as illustrated in figure 9 or 14, with full oxygen saturation capacity of 1200 L per minute, each connected to a 0.5 HP air pump (SNatural, model CV-51 M) capable of inflating 1200 L / min of air.
- the pumps / air blowers are connected to the power grid around the lagoon.
- the power supply to each pump is aided by four Model Yingli 250 solar panels, each with a capacity of 250W, that power a battery during the day and discharge at night to power the air pump; or by a small power generation wind turbine, model Enersud Generar 246, with a capacity of 1 kW.
- the equipment of this embodiment of the invention provides the dissolution of 1 1, 1 kg O2 / night, the supply equivalent to the daily removal of 1 1, 1 kg of BOD at an energy cost of 1 HP or 0.75kW.
- the equipment of the invention provides for the displacement of liquid from the bottom of the pond and its complete aeration, with the aerated liquid being returned to the bottom, that is precisely the most critical region and with difficulty in natural aeration, where in addition are deposited sediments, which are have little ability to mobilize due to poorly aerated environment.
- the equipment of the invention provides for changing the direction of liquid flow, so that the operator chooses which side a liquid stream will be formed at and at what time.
- This additional technical feature of the equipment of the invention provides a liquid flow reversal process, which is particularly useful in aerating this tidal liquid body, the influence of localized organic charge inlets, as well as facilitating equipment clearing. or parts thereof with plastics and other solid materials that may come into contact with the equipment, ie the equipment is "self-cleaning", providing substantial process control advantages.
- each unit of equipment of the invention when equipped with 5 inlet and 5 liquid outlet pipes, provides a large area of influence or formation of aerated water plumes according to the invention.
- pipe arrangement Using 50 m pipes in 1000L / min flow capacity equipment, 200 L / min pass through each pipe, providing an area of influence of up to 200m radius in the surrounding area. This recovery is particularly useful for the revitalization of the area and for the benefit of sports practices in its surroundings.
- An equipment with this configuration operates submerged without visual impairment, being operated preferably at night, providing the maintenance of a region of higher concentration of dissolved oxygen in its surroundings. This is made possible both by its ability to dissolve oxygen in water and by adjusting the direction of liquid flow in the pipes according to the water flow (influenced by winds and / or flow conditions in the Jardim de Alah channel). .
- This approach given the low magnitude of energy demanded, makes it practically feasible for balancing specific areas of the lagoon or the entire lagoon, depending on the quantity, equipment specification and location.
- Example 10 Liquid Body Treatment Process including selection of microorganisms from the medium itself, enrichment thereof and return to the liquid body
- One embodiment of the invention is specifically directed to solving a regulatory problem, which often makes it impossible to treat watercourses such as lakes, lagoons, rivers, canals, river or sea arms, bays, etc.
- the difficulty docorrente prohibiting the introduction of exogenous microorganisms in such bodies, on the possible and / or unknown environmental impact, is resolved by the use of the equipment of the invention together with such water bodies.
- one embodiment of the equipment of the invention consists of a floating unit.
- an air pump (231) piped to one or more liquid thin film forming device (s) (232); a water pump (233) piped to one or more micro-bubble and / or thin-film forming device (s) (234), said device (s) (234) provided ) air inlet next to the liquid surface, the liquid inlet pipe (235) in the pump (233) being also indicated; a pump drive controller (236), optionally connected to a diesel electricity generator; a solar panel (237) connected to the controller (236) and / or pumps (231, 233); a power generation wind turbine (238) connected to the controller (236) and / or pumps (231, 233); is a schematic representation of the water line (239).
- Fig. 24 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the equipment of the invention consisting of another floating unit (240) comprising: an air pump (241) connected by tubing to one or more liquid thin film forming device (s) (242); an ex-situ microorganism enrichment subsystem (243) for substantially increasing the amount of microorganisms previously present in the liquid body and reintroducing them (244), providing a reduction in the amount of energy required for aeration in the liquid body required for growth of the microorganisms.
- an air pump 241 connected by tubing to one or more liquid thin film forming device (s) (242
- an ex-situ microorganism enrichment subsystem 243 for substantially increasing the amount of microorganisms previously present in the liquid body and reintroducing them (244), providing a reduction in the amount of energy required for aeration in the liquid body required for growth of the microorganisms.
- a pump drive controller (245) optionally connected to a diesel electricity generator; a solar panel (247) connected to the controller (245) and / or the pump (241) or ex situ enrichment subsystem (243); a power generation wind turbine (248) connected to the controller (245) and / or the pump (241) or ex situ enrichment subsystem (243); is a schematic representation of the water line (249).
- reactor (250) for ex-situ enrichment of microorganisms for ex-situ enrichment of microorganisms
- air inlet (251) in the reactor for ex-situ enrichment of microorganisms
- air filter (252) optionally also including an air bubble generator
- gas outlet (253) from the reactor from the reactor
- agitator motor (254) stirring paddles (255); output (256) of fermented must in the reactor, rich in microorganisms
- probe (259) indicating physicochemical parameters in the reactor, optionally being connected to the fluid inlet control for temperature control and / or to another reactor control element.
- the concentration of the microorganism of interest is some orders of magnitude lower than that obtained in the reactor (250), which provides at least 1000 times greater enrichment of the concentration of the microorganism of interest.
- the control of the microbial population in the liquid body is done by adding the ex-situ crop content at a ratio of 1/1000 (or even lower depending on reactor operating conditions).
- this is not the only advantage of the present invention: the achievement of high titers of microorganisms outside the liquid body and their subsequent reintroduction, in high quantity and high state of metabolic activation, enhances the efficiency of the bioremediation process for the reasons already stated. indicated in this report.
- the amount of energy required to introduce gases in such a smaller volume is also substantially smaller.
- obtaining high concentrations of microorganisms in the ex situ subsystem of the inventive equipment is possible with substantial energy reduction, especially when compared to the energy required for the introduction of gases (and similar concentration of microorganisms) throughout the liquid body.
- an equipment and process for improving the water quality of effluent treatment plants is described.
- the full saturation of the outlet water of a wastewater treatment plant is described to reduce the environmental impact on the area where the liquid is disposed of and / or to enable or improve the reuse conditions of said water.
- the process of this embodiment of the invention provides complete saturation of water with oxygen, so that water obtained after said The process is saturated, rich in oxygen, benefiting the region of Guanabara Bay where it is currently dumped. Alternatively, it also enables its reuse.
- This embodiment of the process of the invention makes use of two inventive apparatus according to FIG. 17, with four stages comprising hives 52.5 cm wide, 7 cm deep and 200 cm long (or two hives with half of the each dimension) and the rigid body having a conical trunk shape 200cm long, 100cm high and 150cm wide at the base.
- Said embodiment of equipment has full aeration capacity, or complete saturation of water with air oxygen, of 1 m 3 / s of water each equipment.
- the total energy demand is of the order of 20HP or 15kW when using one or more blower (s) powered by external electric power.
- This configuration provides the dissolution of 77.2 g O 2 / s, or 6.67 tons O 2 / day.
- the apparatus of this embodiment of the invention harnesses the available water flow and unevenness energy at the exit zone of said station. Specifically, the unevenness and / or water flow is conveniently used as a driving force for the suction or injection of gases within the inventive equipment from the Venturi effect known to those skilled in the art.
- said conventional gas bubble-forming device in the lower region of the equipment is not a perforated tube in connection with an air blower pump, but the end of a venturi tube configured to suck air from the atmosphere, harnessing the energy of the available water flow and / or water gap.
- the technology of the present invention not only promotes the increase of efficiency and competitiveness of companies operating in the environmental sanitation segment, but also the revitalization of areas whose Economic activity is partially or completely stagnant due to environmental degradation.
- the use of the inventive equipment and process adapted to each situation requiring aeration / oxygenation at different scales provides a contribution to the recovery of liquid bodies and the depollution of part (s) of Guanabara Bay. Said liquid bodies are largely favored by the equipment or process of the invention, which provides healthy and aerobic environment with low energy consumption.
- the present example also contributes as a proof of concept to an effluent treatment plant, and the same principle can subsequently be used in the effluent treatment itself, which requires a high amount of aeration and is currently a considerable energy demand.
- Estimates made from the consideration of total organic load (BOD vs. volume) indicate that the technology of the present invention provides substantial reduction of energy consumption for oxygen dissolution in this and other effluent treatment plants, where energy demand for aeration corresponds to approximately 50% of all station energy demand.
- a degraded area recovery system equipped with equipment according to the present invention is particularly useful for energy efficient operation. In addition to reducing the amount of energy required for the same treatment threshold, such equipment and This process reduces the time required for bioremediation or removal of organic charge.
- the equipment and process of the invention are adjustable to energy availability, either synchronously or antisynchronously to the power availability cycles in the electrical system supplying them.
- the inventive process enables greater flexibility in adjusting the operation according to the operating time. energy demand cycle in the electrical system to which the system is connected - as the means of adjusting the amount of energy introduced into the system will substantially alter the energy costs or operating risks of both bioremediation equipment and the electrical system in which it is supplied. connected.
- inventive concept of the present invention additionally therefore provides for adjusting the energy use of the equipment of the invention so that the moments of highest energy consumption of the equipment occur at times of higher availability or lower energy cost offered by the operator. of the bioremediation process. From the point of view of the system operator, the invention is particularly useful for reducing the amount of energy consumed and such reduction can be extended at times of peak demand, increasing safety and reducing the risk of failure in the electrical system.
- the use of the invention also provides for the reduction of energy consumption at peak times, as the equipment of the invention may have the energy consumption reduced at such times to a minimum that does not compromise the attainable organic load removal threshold. by conventional systems.
- These technical effects of the invention are highly relevant and difficult to obtain by conventional systems, bringing substantial advantages: from the point of view of the electrical system operator, the use of The invention increases the efficiency of the electrical system as a whole, notably in hydroelectric power systems based on which the energy produced is not stored, at least not adequately or substantially. The invention therefore contributes to reducing energy consumption.
- the equipment and process of the invention are used for increasing the dissolved oxygen level and water quality of a river or pond alongside a freeway or avenue. Shown are: three units of the inventive equipment (290), each with an aeration capacity of 2400 L of water per minute, placed in the liquid body; a schematic representation of an air pump or air compressor (291) with a 7200 L air per minute supply capacity, optionally including a pump / compressor drive / adjustment controller (292) for times of aeration demand in the liquid body; the air tubing (293) that connects the air pump / compressor (291) to the equipment (290) for massively diluting air into the liquid; and a speed bump (294) electric power generator to power the pump (291).
- the spine 294 is optionally a pneumatic spine that feeds the compressor 291 directly with air.
- the equipment of this embodiment of the invention has air dissolving capacity proportional to the amount of vehicles passing through the spine each period.
- Each set of equipment of this embodiment of the invention provides for the dissolution of 100 kg of O2 per day without energy consumption from external power supply. This amount of oxygen provides the equivalent of removing 100kg of BOD per day from the water per set.
- the number of sets of equipment of this embodiment of the invention is calculated at each lane (distance) to provide a return of dissolved oxygen in the liquid body. according to the desired parameter.
- the solution provided here is energy sustainable and practically does not imply operational costs (except for preventive and / or corrective maintenance).
- the capacity of the inventive equipment increases in proportion to the increase in vehicle flow, which demonstrates that the solution of the invention is not only sustainable at the moment but also tends to remain sustainable over time: the higher the vehicle flow the more Liquid body oxygenation provides the equipment of the invention.
- Example 14 Boat equipped with aeration system for energy use to conserve the waters in which it sails
- Figure 30 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of the invention in which the energy of the boat propulsion engine is used for the generation of microbubbles and / or thin films of liquid, thus eliminating the use of other pumps or other sources of energy.
- This embodiment of the invention enables in practice the conversion of boats and ships into oxygen return units to the liquid bodies in which they sail. They are indicated: In A) a boat (300) with inboard motor and (301) the hydrodynamic flow generated in the posterior region of the boat, ie after the propulsion effect. In B) a schematic representation of this embodiment of the invention is shown, in which an inboard motor boat (300) comprises a microbubble and / or thin film liquid generating device (302) attached to the back of the boat propeller, to take advantage of the hydrodynamic flow generated by boat movement.
- the movement of the liquid within the device causes a suction, taking a breath above the surface of the liquid through which air enters the device (302) causing the formation of microbubbles and / or thin films of liquid in the water (303), aerating it. .
- the inventive equipment and process is also suitable for use for dissolving CO 2 generated in industrial plants, such as cement plants. It is estimated that besides consuming around 2% of all global energy, cement companies are also responsible for 5% of CO 2 emissions worldwide.
- the production of one ton of cement generates between 600 kg and 1 ton of CO 2 , and also sulfur oxide, nitrogen-containing gases, carbon monoxide, all pollutants.
- the equipment of the invention is also useful for dissolving such gases in liquids.
- part of the cement-containing carbon dioxide-containing gases are dissolved in water in an algae cultivation tank that uses CO 2 for its growth and produces oxygen, thereby reducing the environmental impact of the cement plant. .
- Algae fix dissolved CO 2 and use it for the production of substances of economic interest.
- it is important to stress that in At room temperature CO2 is 26 times more water-soluble than O2, especially under conditions of increased content or partial pressure, as is often the case with factory emissions.
- the applicant when filing this patent application with the competent body / guarantor, seeks and intends to: (i) appoint the inventors in respect of their respective moral rights; (ii) indicate unequivocally that he is the holder of industrial secrecy and the holder of any form of intellectual property derived therefrom and the depositor wishes; (iii) describe in detail the content object of the secret, proving its existence at the physical and legal levels; (iv) establish the relationship between the examples / embodiments and the inventive concept according to the depositor's cognition and context, to clearly demonstrate the scope of his tutored and / or tutelable intangible good; (v) apply for and obtain the additional rights provided for patents if the applicant chooses to proceed with the administrative proceeding until the end.
- patent application publication under the law does not eliminate the legal status of secrecy, serving only and solely the spirit of the law to: (i) unambiguously indicate its owner / holder and inventor (s); (ii) to inform third parties about the existence of such industrial secrecy, the content for which patent protection is required and the date of its filing, from which the term of patent exclusivity will begin; and (iii) assist in the technological and economic development of the country, by authorizing the use of the secret only and exceptionally for the purpose of studies and / or development of new improvements, thereby avoiding parallel reinvestment by third parties in the development of the same good.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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BR112017023185A BR112017023185B1 (pt) | 2015-04-29 | 2016-04-28 | equipamento e processo para dissolução massiva de gases em líquidos |
US15/570,224 US10654732B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2016-04-28 | Equipment and process for massive dissolution of gases in liquids |
EP16785695.4A EP3290104B1 (en) | 2015-04-29 | 2016-04-28 | Equipment and process for massive dissolution of gases in liquids |
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BR102016003779-4A BR102016003779A2 (pt) | 2016-02-22 | 2016-02-22 | Equipment and process for the massive dilution of gases in liquids |
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WO2020093523A1 (zh) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-14 | 无锡小天鹅电器有限公司 | 微气泡发生器和衣物处理装置 |
CN109592805A (zh) * | 2019-01-24 | 2019-04-09 | 刘景典 | 一种带有多重曝气机构的自循环式曝气池 |
CN112678981B (zh) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-22 | 山东恒基农牧机械有限公司 | 一种养殖场污水多功能处理设备 |
CN115739398B (zh) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-06-21 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种实验室微纳米气泡浮选设备及其浮选方法 |
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US10654732B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 |
EP3290104B1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
PT3290104T (pt) | 2021-12-13 |
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EP3290104A4 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
BR112017023185A2 (pt) | 2018-07-31 |
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BR112017023185B1 (pt) | 2020-04-14 |
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