WO2016169004A1 - 3d打印机打印头冷却方法及装置 - Google Patents

3d打印机打印头冷却方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016169004A1
WO2016169004A1 PCT/CN2015/077179 CN2015077179W WO2016169004A1 WO 2016169004 A1 WO2016169004 A1 WO 2016169004A1 CN 2015077179 W CN2015077179 W CN 2015077179W WO 2016169004 A1 WO2016169004 A1 WO 2016169004A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
print head
printer
cooling
housing
cavity
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PCT/CN2015/077179
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴槐
Original Assignee
吴槐
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Publication date
Application filed by 吴槐 filed Critical 吴槐
Priority to PCT/CN2015/077179 priority Critical patent/WO2016169004A1/zh
Publication of WO2016169004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016169004A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printer, in particular to a 3D printer print head cooling method and device.
  • 3D printer is a printing instrument that converts computer 3D design model data into a solid model.
  • fused deposition modeling technology is the mainstream printing technology of 3D printer.
  • the molding precision of this technology is affected by the transmission accuracy, and is also fed to a certain extent.
  • the influence of precision because the nozzle of the print head is close to the supply cavity of the print head, the high temperature when the material melts is easily transmitted to the print head cavity through the print head housing. If the temperature of the print head cavity is too high, the printed material is printed.
  • the feeding portion of the head begins to soften, which affects the accuracy of the feeding and affects the molding accuracy of the printer. If the printing material melts at the feeding portion due to the high temperature of the printing head, the melted material is easily clogged. The print head causes the printer to malfunction. How to improve the heat dissipation of the 3D printer print head without affecting the original function of the print head is a research direction.
  • Conventional 3D printers generally cool the nozzle extrusion molten material by a fan.
  • the fan is fixed to the side of the nozzle, and the wind blows the molten material directly. Therefore, the fan needs to form an angle with the print head, and the print head drives the fan during the printing process. Synchronous movement, such a fan design increases the space occupied by the print head during operation. In the design of the folding 3D printer, if the space occupation can be reduced, the portability of the folding 3D printer can be effectively enhanced.
  • the patent of the publication No. 203 651 217 U discloses a multi-field heat sink of a 3D printer, which dissipates heat from the outer casing of the print head by a fan, but the heat dissipation method is only for the outer surface of the print head, not inside the cavity of the print head housing When the heat dissipation airflow is formed, when the wall of the print head housing is thick, the heat inside and outside of the print head housing is uneven, and overheating may still occur inside the print head.
  • the workpiece forming plate of the printing platform of the existing 3D printer is fixed by screws.
  • the fixing method mainly has the following problems: First, 3D During the long working period, the screw is easily loosened due to the moving vibration of the working platform, and finally the sway of the workpiece forming plate greatly affects the molding quality of the product. Secondly, if the workpiece is directly formed on the workpiece forming plate after the workpiece is formed, It is easy to damage other parts such as the printer print head or the guide rail, and the way the workpiece forming plate is screwed and fixed causes the trouble of disassembling the workpiece forming plate. At the same time, the flatness of each workpiece forming plate cannot be adjusted due to the screw connection fixing, thereby causing adjustment. Maintenance is difficult.
  • the invention provides a 3D printer print head cooling method and device, which can effectively enhance the heat dissipation of the print head of the 3D printer and reduce the space occupation of the print head during operation.
  • the invention adopts the following scheme: a 3D printer print head cooling method, comprising a print head and a cooling device matched therewith, the cooling method adopts an air cooling method, and the cooling gas sent by the air cooling device is in the print head housing After the cavity is directly dissipated, it is redirected by the air duct and transmitted to the bottom of the print head nozzle to dissipate heat from the printed portion.
  • the print head is axially slid at an edge of the printer, and the air-cooling device is integrated on the print head, and the motor-driven wire feeding mechanism is disposed in the cavity of the print-head housing.
  • a cooling fan of the alignment material conveying mechanism is disposed on one axial side of the housing cavity, and a print head nozzle is disposed at a lower portion of the housing cavity, and the housing cavity is provided with an air guiding duct directed to the nozzle of the printing head;
  • the print head housing cavity forms a wind channel cofferdam with a wire input positioning plate, a motor outer wall and a wall shell, and the wire input positioning plate is disposed at an upper part of the housing cavity, and the plate is provided with a positioning hole for inputting the wire material.
  • the outer wall of the motor is opposite to the cooling fan, and the other two sides and the bottom of the housing cavity are surrounded by a wall shell.
  • the bottom end surface of the wall shell is provided with a wind guiding hole communicating with the air guiding duct, and the cooling fan is blown into the cavity of the printing head housing. The airflow flows out of the air duct under the restriction of the air duct cofferdam.
  • a fan through hole is disposed at a sidewall of the printhead housing cavity, and the cooling fan is fixed to the fan through hole in an easy-disassembling structure.
  • the air guiding duct has a beginning end communicating with the print head housing cavity, and the end extension is adjacent to the nozzle, and the end air outlet is directed below the nozzle discharge opening.
  • a nozzle is connected to the upper end of the nozzle of the print head, and the throat extends into the cavity of the print head housing, the beginning of the throat is adjacent to the wire conveying mechanism, the end is fixedly connected with the nozzle, and the throat of the print head housing cavity is further
  • the tube wall is connected to the heat dissipating block, and the heat dissipating block is formed by a metal material, and the heat dissipating block is adjacent to the air guiding duct.
  • the heat dissipating block is fixed on the bottom end surface of the housing cavity, and the housing wall adjacent to the throat tube and the heat dissipating block is provided with a micro venting hole; the number of the air guiding duct is 2, and is distributed in the throat tube side.
  • a dustproof net is disposed at the cooling fan.
  • cooling fan is provided with a fan failure alarm device.
  • an LED lighting lamp is disposed on a side of the air guiding duct; a rack gear is disposed outside the print head housing to mount a toothed belt, and the printing head is driven by the toothed belt to slide at the printer slider.
  • a printing platform is disposed under the print head, the printing platform includes a moving table disposed on the transverse moving rail, and the moving table is provided with a workpiece forming plate for placing the formed workpiece,
  • a fixing member for fixing the workpiece forming plate is disposed on both sides of the moving table, the fixing member includes a base block supporting the workpiece forming plate and a stopper disposed upwardly on the outer side of the base block, and the inner side of the block extends with a ridge. The lower edge of the rib is fastened to the upper edge of the corresponding side of the workpiece forming plate.
  • the base block is provided with an upwardly convex protrusion, and the side of the workpiece forming plate has a notch that cooperates with the protrusion.
  • a sliding support seat working with the guide rail is disposed under the moving table, the bottom of the fixing member is connected to the support base via a spring, and a height adjusting bolt is further inserted between the fixing member and the support base.
  • a nut for mating with the height adjustment bolt is embedded in the middle of the seat.
  • a laterally disposed pressure handle is further extended on the outer side of the block.
  • the upper surface height of the inner end of the base block is higher than the upper surface of the outer side end of the base block.
  • a peripheral edge of the moving table is provided with a downwardly extending bevel
  • a side of the supporting seat is provided with a convex hull
  • a slot of the movable table is provided with a slot corresponding to the convex hull.
  • the surface of the workpiece forming plate is higher than the upper surface of the convex portion.
  • the supporting seat has a stepped section, the moving table edge is fastened to a side above the supporting seat step surface, the spring is disposed on the supporting seat step surface, and the moving table surface is screwed with the supporting seat.
  • the height adjusting bolt is disposed at a middle portion of the convex portion, and the spring is provided with a pair and disposed on both sides of the height adjusting bolt.
  • the invention also adopts the following other solution: a 3D printer print head cooling device, the cooling device adopts an air-cooling method, and the cooling gas sent by the air cooling device directly guides the cavity of the print head housing body, and then leads The air duct is redirected and transferred to the printhead nozzle to dissipate heat from the printed area.
  • the print head is axially slid at an edge of the printer, and the air-cooling device is integrated on the print head, and the motor-driven wire feeding mechanism is disposed in the cavity of the print-head housing.
  • a cooling fan of the alignment material conveying mechanism is disposed on one axial side of the housing cavity, and a print head nozzle is disposed at a lower portion of the housing cavity, and the housing cavity is provided with an air guiding duct directed to the nozzle of the printing head;
  • the print head housing cavity forms a wind channel cofferdam with a wire input positioning plate, a motor outer wall and a wall shell, and the wire input positioning plate is disposed at an upper part of the housing cavity, and the plate is provided with a positioning hole for inputting the wire material.
  • the outer wall of the motor is opposite to the cooling fan, and the other two sides and the bottom of the housing cavity are surrounded by a wall shell.
  • the bottom end surface of the wall shell is provided with a wind guiding hole communicating with the air guiding duct, and the cooling fan is blown into the cavity of the printing head housing. The airflow flows out of the air duct under the restriction of the air duct cofferdam.
  • a fan through hole is disposed at a sidewall of the printhead housing cavity, and the cooling fan is fixed in an easy-to-remove structure Set at the fan through hole.
  • the air guiding duct has a beginning end communicating with the print head housing cavity, and the end extension is adjacent to the nozzle, and the end air outlet is directed below the nozzle discharge opening.
  • a nozzle is connected to the upper end of the nozzle of the print head, and the throat extends into the cavity of the print head housing, the beginning of the throat is adjacent to the wire conveying mechanism, the end is fixedly connected with the nozzle, and the throat of the print head housing cavity is further
  • the tube wall is connected to the heat dissipating block, and the heat dissipating block is formed by a metal material, and the heat dissipating block is adjacent to the air guiding duct.
  • the heat dissipating block is fixed on the bottom end surface of the housing cavity, and the housing wall adjacent to the throat tube and the heat dissipating block is provided with a micro venting hole; the number of the air guiding duct is 2, and is distributed in the throat tube side.
  • a dustproof net is disposed at the cooling fan.
  • cooling fan is provided with a fan failure alarm device.
  • an LED lighting lamp is disposed on a side of the air guiding duct; a rack gear is disposed outside the print head housing to mount a toothed belt, and the printing head is driven by the toothed belt to slide at the printer slider.
  • a printing platform is disposed under the print head, the printing platform includes a moving table disposed on the transverse moving rail, and the moving table is provided with a workpiece forming plate for placing the formed workpiece,
  • a fixing member for fixing the workpiece forming plate is disposed on both sides of the moving table, the fixing member includes a base block supporting the workpiece forming plate and a stopper disposed upwardly on the outer side of the base block, and the inner side of the block extends with a ridge. The lower edge of the rib is fastened to the upper edge of the corresponding side of the workpiece forming plate.
  • the base block is provided with an upwardly convex protrusion, and the side of the workpiece forming plate has a notch that cooperates with the protrusion.
  • a sliding support seat working with the guide rail is disposed under the moving table, the bottom of the fixing member is connected to the support base via a spring, and a height adjusting bolt is further inserted between the fixing member and the support base.
  • a nut for mating with the height adjustment bolt is embedded in the middle of the seat.
  • a laterally disposed pressure handle is further extended on the outer side of the block.
  • the upper surface height of the inner end of the base block is higher than the upper surface of the outer side end of the base block.
  • a peripheral edge of the moving table is provided with a downwardly extending bevel
  • a side of the supporting seat is provided with a convex hull
  • a slot of the movable table is provided with a slot corresponding to the convex hull.
  • the surface of the workpiece forming plate is higher than the upper surface of the convex portion.
  • the supporting seat has a stepped section, the moving table edge is fastened to a side above the supporting seat step surface, the spring is disposed on the supporting seat step surface, and the moving table surface is screwed with the supporting seat.
  • the height adjusting bolt is disposed at a middle portion of the convex portion, and the spring is provided with a pair and is disposed at a height adjustment Both sides of the bolt.
  • the fan of the present invention is directly disposed at the fan through hole of the print head, and the blown cooling airflow is sent to the material extruding end of the nozzle by the air guiding duct after flowing through the cavity, and the extruded molten material is cooled to accelerate the same. Curing and solidifying, the heat dissipation of the print head body and the cooling of the printing material can be completed by only one fan. This design directly reduces the space occupied by the fan, and the space occupied by the print head is reduced, which is advantageous for the folding of the folding 3D printer. And portability is further enhanced.
  • the invention adopts a cooling fan for active heat dissipation, and the wind direction faces the print head cavity.
  • the wind pressure generated by the fan can cause the sent cold air to form a pressure difference inside and outside the cavity of the print head housing, that is, the air inside the cavity of the print head housing.
  • the pressure is greater than the outside of the print head, which allows the heat-dissipating airflow to flow into the other space communicating with the outside of the printhead housing cavity, such as the printing material input hole and the nozzle hole, while effectively flowing the heat-dissipating airflow.
  • the difference in pressure between the inside and the outside also causes the hot air formed by the molten deposition material at the nozzle outlet to be easily introduced into the print head cavity.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a printhead air cooling unit.
  • Figure 2 is a front cutaway view of the printhead air cooling unit.
  • Figure 3 is a three dimensional schematic view of a printhead air cooling device.
  • Figure 4 is a side view showing the operation of the print head air-cooling device when it is driven by a belt.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a 3D printer having the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fitting of the fixing member at A in Figure 5 and the workpiece forming plate.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the fixing member block (provided with a projection).
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the second embodiment of the fixing member block (provided with an inclined angle).
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the top view of Figure 5.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fixing member and the workpiece forming plate of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 9.
  • a 3D printer print head cooling method includes a print head and a cooling device matched therewith.
  • the cooling device adopts an air cooling method, and the cooling gas sent by the air cooling device is in the print head housing. After the cavity is directly dissipated, it is redirected by the air guiding duct 23 and transmitted to the lower side of the nozzle 1 to dissipate heat from the printing portion.
  • the print head is axially slidably disposed on the printer slider by the earrings 21, and the air-cooling device is integrated on the print head, and the motor is driven in the printhead housing cavity 22.
  • a cooling fan 2 is disposed on one axial side of the alignment material conveying mechanism 6, and a lower portion of the housing cavity 22 is provided with a print head nozzle 1, and the housing cavity 22 is provided with an air guiding duct 23 directed to the print head nozzle 1. .
  • the air guiding duct 23 of the present invention is disposed at the printing head, and the beginning end thereof communicates with the print head housing cavity 22, the end extension is adjacent to the nozzle 1, and the end air outlet is directed below the discharge opening of the nozzle 1, and the conventional heat dissipation
  • the guiding tube of the invention makes the cooling airflow more concentrated, and the airflow outputted by the guiding tube can concentrate the cooling of the molten material extruded by the nozzle 1, and the curing speed of the molten material can be further improved, thereby improving the printing precision and printing. The efficiency is very favorable.
  • the print head housing cavity forms a duct cofferdam with the wire input positioning plate 31, the motor outer wall 32 and the wall shell 33, and the wire input positioning plate 31 is disposed at the upper part of the housing cavity.
  • the plate is provided with a positioning hole 34 for inputting the wire.
  • the outer wall 32 of the housing is opposite to the cooling fan 2.
  • the other two sides and the bottom of the housing cavity 22 are surrounded by a wall shell 33.
  • the bottom end surface of the wall shell 33 is provided with a wind guide.
  • the hole communicates with the air guiding duct 23, and the cooling airflow blown into the cavity of the print head housing by the cooling fan 2 mainly flows out from the air guiding duct 23 under the restriction of the air duct coaming, ensuring that the air guiding duct 23 is at the printing portion below the nozzle 1.
  • the heat dissipation has sufficient airflow, and such a structure ensures the strength of the print head housing, and the print head is easy to disassemble and facilitate maintenance.
  • the gap between the windshield cofferdams can promote the flow inside and outside the air to facilitate heat dissipation. It also reduces the print head volume as a whole, which is beneficial to improve the portability of the foldable 3D printer.
  • a fan through hole 3 is defined in a sidewall of the printhead housing cavity 22, and the cooling fan 2 is fixed to the fan through hole 3 in an easily detachable structure, and is specifically fixed on the easy-disassembled structure. Since the diameter of the cooling fan 2 is large, the diameter of the fan through hole 3 is also large, which allows easy maintenance of the components inside the housing cavity 22 through the fan through hole 3 after the fan is removed. Increased maintenance efficiency.
  • the air guiding duct 23 has a beginning end communicating with the print head housing cavity 22, the end end is adjacent to the nozzle 1, and the end air outlet 24 is directed below the nozzle 1 discharge opening.
  • the upper end of the print head nozzle 1 is connected with a throat 9 which extends into the print head housing cavity 22, the beginning of the throat 9 is adjacent to the wire feed mechanism 6, and the end and the nozzle 1
  • the fixed connection, the wall of the throat 9 in the printhead housing cavity 22 is connected to the heat sink 8
  • the heat sink 8 is formed of a metal material
  • the heat sink 8 is adjacent to the air duct 23. Since the heat conduction rate of the metal is fast, the heat of the melting portion below the nozzle 1 is transmitted to the throat pipe 9 through the nozzle 1, and can be quickly transferred to the heat sink block 8. Since the wind direction of the cooling fan 2 is toward the wire feeding mechanism 6, the blowing is cold.
  • the air can be cooled to cool the heat sink block 8, so that the temperature of the throat pipe 9 connected to the heat sink block 8 is lowered, so that the printed material is not overheated during the conveyance from the wire feed mechanism 6 to the nozzle 1, and the print head
  • the wind pressure formed by the cooling fan 2 in the housing cavity 22 can squeeze cold air into the throat 9 to further enhance the heat dissipation effect.
  • the beginning end of the air guiding duct 23 is adjacent to the heat dissipating block 8, so that the cooling airflow in the cavity 22 is mostly concentrated on the side of the heat dissipating block 8, which enhances the flow of gas around the heat dissipating block 8, which can make the heat dissipating block
  • the heat on 8 can be quickly taken away.
  • the heat dissipating block 8 is fixed on the bottom end surface of the housing cavity, and the housing wall adjacent to the throat tube 9 and the heat dissipating block 8 is provided with a micro venting hole 4, and the housing cavity 22 is
  • the air generates an air flow from the inside to the outside at the micro venting hole 4 under the action of the wind pressure, which facilitates the air flow at the heat dissipating block 8 and the throat pipe 9, that is, facilitates the heat dissipation of the throat pipe 9 and the heat dissipating block 8;
  • the number of 23 is 2, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the throat 9, so that the molten material extruded by the nozzle 1 is dissipated by the cooling airflow in two directions, the material is formed and cured more uniformly, and the curing speed is faster.
  • the cooling fan 2 is provided with a dustproof net, which can filter dust, and the heat dissipation airflow is cleaned at the dustproof net before entering the printhead housing cavity 22, so that the printhead housing cavity 22 It is not easy to collect dust inside.
  • the cooling fan 2 is provided with a fan failure alarm device.
  • the alarm can be promptly issued, so that the user can timely remove the obstacle, thereby further improving the reliability of the present invention.
  • the side of the air guiding duct 23 is provided with an LED illumination lamp 35, so that the user can more clearly observe the cooling and solidifying process of the molten material to accurately evaluate the working effect of the cooling device;
  • the external gear rack 41 is arranged to install the transmission belt, and the printing head is driven by the toothed belt to slide at the sliding bar of the printer.
  • the transmission design has small occupied space and accurate positioning, and the external vibration can be absorbed by the transmission belt during the transmission process, and the positioning accuracy is accurate. It is unaffected, so that the printing accuracy is not easily affected by external shocks.
  • the external cold air is blown into the printhead housing cavity 22 through the fan through hole 3, and the external cold air flows through the wire feeding mechanism 6 and the heat dissipation block 8 to dissipate heat therefrom, and from the air guiding duct 23
  • the shell chamber 22 is discharged from the air duct 23 to the nozzle 1 below the print head, and is sent out from the end outlet 24 of the air duct 23, and the molten material extruded from the nozzle 1 is cooled and solidified.
  • the cooling fan 2, the fan through hole 3, the print head housing cavity 22 and the air guiding duct 23 together form a duct, the fan through hole 3 is a duct inlet, and the end outlet 24 of the air duct 23 is an air duct outlet for cooling
  • the cold air blown by the fan 2 forms a wind pressure in the print head housing cavity 22, promoting the flow of air in the housing cavity 22, and accelerating the heat discharge in the housing cavity 22.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the assembly of the entire 3D printer workpiece forming plate 100.
  • a printing platform is disposed under the printing head, and the printing platform includes a moving table. 110, the workpiece forming plate 100 is placed on the moving table 110, and the moving table 110 moves in the axial direction of the guide rail 120.
  • a support base 20 is disposed under the moving table 110.
  • the upper surface of the support base 20 extends beyond the movable table surface 110, and the support base 20 is fixedly connected to the mobile table 110.
  • the middle of the support base 20 is provided with a through hole 210 for being sleeved on the slide rail 120.
  • the support base 20 has a stepped cross section, and the mobile platform 110 has a downwardly extending turn on the circumference.
  • the side (111, 112), the front side or the rear side of the support base 20 is provided with a convex hull 220, and the front side or the rear side of the moving platform 111 is provided with the convex hull 220. Closed slot.
  • the side edge 112 of the side of the moving table 110 is fastened to the side above the supporting step surface, and the moving table 110 is screwed to the support base 20.
  • the step of the support base 20 exceeds both sides of the moving table 110, and the bottom of the fixing member 30 for fixing the workpiece forming plate 100 is connected to the surface of the step of the support base 20 by a spring 40.
  • the spring 40 may be fixedly connected by the upper and lower ends, or a groove for accommodating the spring may be disposed on the bottom surface of the fixing member 30 to achieve the connection.
  • the fixing member 30 includes a base block 310 supporting the side of the workpiece forming plate.
  • the block 310 is provided with an upwardly convex protrusion 311, and the workpiece forming plate 100 has a notch 101 which cooperates with the convex portion 311.
  • the convex portion 311 cooperates with the notch 101 to prevent the workpiece forming plate 100 from moving .
  • the notch 101 and the convex portion 311 are in a rectangular shape.
  • a trapezoidal shape or other irregular shape may be employed in practical applications.
  • the outer side of the base block 310 of the fixing member 30 is provided with an upwardly disposed stopper 320, and the stopper 320 extends toward a side of the workpiece forming plate 100 with a rib 321 extending.
  • the lower edge of the rib 321 is fastened to the upper surface of the workpiece forming plate 100.
  • a laterally disposed pressing handle 322 is further disposed on the outer side of the stopper 320.
  • the design of the pressing handle 322 can also prevent the interference between the blocking block 320 and the printing head.
  • the invention also has the height of one end of the base block close to the workpiece forming plate higher than the end of the base block away from the workpiece forming plate, and the solution can make The opposite moments are generated at the edges of the workpiece forming plates to achieve locking of the workpiece forming plate 100, and the application thereof will be described below based on the embodiments.
  • the base block 310 is provided with a protrusion 312 near one end of the workpiece forming plate.
  • the rib 321 When the workpiece forming plate 100 is fixed, the rib 321 generates a downward force on the workpiece forming plate 100, and the protrusion 312 forms a workpiece.
  • the plate 100 generates an upward force, thereby forming a moment to achieve locking of the workpiece forming plate 100.
  • the base block 310 is inclined from the end of the base block near the workpiece forming plate toward the end of the base block away from the workpiece forming plate.
  • the rib 321 exerts a downward force on the workpiece forming plate 100.
  • the inclined upper surface of the base block generates an upward force on the workpiece forming plate 100, thereby forming a moment to achieve locking of the workpiece forming plate 100.
  • the ribs 321 are disposed on both sides of the convex portion 311.
  • the base block 310, the convex portion 311, the stopper 320, and the rib 321 are integrated.
  • a height adjusting bolt 50 is further disposed between the fixing member 30 and the support base 20, and a slot for placing the nut is formed in the middle of the support base 20, and the slot is embedded.
  • a nut 230 for mating with the height adjustment bolt, and embedding the nut 230 in the middle prevents the nut 230 from coming out downward when the bolt rotates.
  • the height adjusting bolt 50 is disposed in the middle of the convex portion 311, and the convex portion 311 is provided with a sinking groove for receiving the height adjusting bolt 50.
  • the lower end of the height adjusting bolt 50 penetrates through the fixing member 30 and extends into the hole.
  • the lower edge of the nut of the height adjusting bolt 50 cooperates with the upper surface of the sinking groove, and is fixed by the fixing member 30 by bolting to overcome the spring force of the spring 40, and the spring 40 is disposed in pairs in height adjustment. Bolts 50 on both sides.
  • the upper surface of the workpiece forming plate 100 in the present invention is higher than the upper surface of the convex portion 311, and the collision of the print head with the convex portion during positioning or operation can be effectively prevented.
  • the spring 40 functions to support the fixing member 30, and at the same time, the height adjustment can be conveniently realized due to the flexibility of the spring 40, which is advantageous for maintenance; in addition, due to the bendability of the spring 40, when the workpiece forming plate 100 is removed, It is only necessary to sway the fixing member 30 outward (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 11) to realize the detachment of the workpiece forming plate 100 from the fixing member, which is very convenient.
  • the fixing member and the workpiece forming plate have mutually matching notches and protrusions to limit the lateral displacement of the workpiece forming plate during the operation of the 3D printer, and at the same time, the lower edge of the ridge is fastened to the workpiece forming plate.
  • the surface affects the forming quality by overcoming the vibration of the workpiece forming plate in the up and down direction.
  • the fixing member utilizes the characteristics of the spring. When it is necessary to disassemble, it is only necessary to tilt to the outside to realize the disassembly of the workpiece forming plate, which is convenient for taking the workpiece after molding.
  • the lower workpiece forming plate is used for picking up operations.
  • the design of the fixing member utilizes the abutting of the ridge and the elevation of the base toward the end of the workpiece forming plate to generate a moment at the edge of the workpiece forming plate, thereby further improving the locking of the fixing member to the workpiece forming plate. Tightening to ensure that it does not vibrate and loosen under the long-term operation of the 3D printer.
  • the fixing member also has the function of adjusting the height of the workpiece forming plate.
  • the height of the workpiece forming plate can be adjusted by the cooperation of the spring and the height adjusting bolt to facilitate the adjustment of the workpiece forming plate and improve the adjustment precision to improve the product forming effect.
  • the surface of the workpiece forming plate is higher than the upper surface of the convex portion, which can effectively prevent the printing head from being positioned or working with the convex portion A collision occurs.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其包括打印头和与之配套的冷却装置，该冷却装置采用风冷方式，风冷装置送出的冷却气体在对打印头座壳腔体（22）进行直接散热后，经导风管道（23）重定向，传输至打印头喷嘴（1）下方对打印部位进行散热。该冷却方法改善了3D打印机打印头的散热，使得打印头的工作占用空间减小，并有助于提升折叠式3D打印机的便携性。还公开了一种3D打印机打印头冷却装置。

Description

3D打印机打印头冷却方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及打印机，尤其是一种3D打印机打印头冷却方法及装置。
背景技术
3D打印机是把计算机三维设计模型数据转化为实体模型的打印器具，目前熔融沉积造型技术是3D打印机的主流打印技术，此技术的成型精度除受传动精度影响外，也在一定程度上受到供料精度的影响，由于打印头的喷嘴距打印头供料腔体很近，材料熔融时的高温易通过打印头外壳传至打印头腔体内，如打印头腔体温度过高，则打印材料在打印头的供料部处就会开始软化，使供料精度受到影响进而影响到打印机的成型精度，而且如果打印材料因打印头高温在供料部处产生融化现象，则融化后的材料很容易堵塞打印头，使打印机产生故障。如何在不影响打印头原有功能的前提下，改善3D打印机打印头的散热，是一个研究方向。
传统3D打印机对喷嘴挤出熔融材料的冷却一般也通过风扇进行，风扇固定于喷嘴侧面，其风向直吹熔融材料，因此风扇需与打印头间形成一夹角，打印头在打印过程中带动风扇同步运动，这样的风扇设计增大了打印头工作时的空间占用，在折叠式3D打印机的设计中，如能减小这部分空间占用，将可有效地增强折叠式3D打印机的便携性。
公开号203651217U的专利中公开了一种3D打印机的多场散热装置，其通过风扇对打印头的外壳进行散热，但这种散热方式仅针对打印头外表面，未在打印头座壳腔体内部形成散热气流，当打印头外壳的壁较厚时，易使打印头外壳内外冷热不均，打印头内部仍可能出现过热现象。
同时，打印平台的平面度和稳定性设计也直接关系着成型精度，现有的3D打印机的打印平台的工件成型板都是采用螺丝固定的方式固定，该固定方法主要存在以下问题：首先，3D打印机在长时间的工作过程中螺丝容易因工作平台的移动震动而发生松脱，最终导致工件成型板的晃动大大影响产品的成型质量；其次，工件成型后若直接在工件成型板上操作取件容易损坏打印机打印头或导轨等其他器件，而工件成型板螺纹连接固定的方式又导致拆卸工件成型板十分麻烦；同时，由于采用螺纹连接固定的方式无法调节各个工件成型板的平面度，造成调节维护困难。
此外，随着3D技术的普及如何减小打印机的空间占用实现便捷的收放已形成趋势，然而便捷的收放的设计往往影响到打印机各个部件的稳定性和精度，如何方便拆装实现便捷携带也是3D打印机的未来需求。
发明内容
本发明提出一种3D打印机打印头冷却方法及装置，能有效强化3D打印机的打印头散热，同时减小了打印头工作时的空间占用。
本发明采用以下一种方案：一种3D打印机打印头冷却方法，包括打印头和与之配套的冷却装置，所述冷却方法采用风冷方式，风冷装置送出的冷却气体在对打印头座壳腔体进行直接散热后，经导风管道重定向，传输至打印头喷嘴下方对打印部位进行散热。
进一步的，所述打印头以耳环套置于打印机滑杆处轴向滑移，所述风冷装置集成于打印头上，所述打印头座壳腔体内设有电机驱动的线料传送机构，座壳腔体的轴向一侧设有对准线料传送机构的冷却风扇，座壳腔体的下部设有打印头喷嘴，座壳腔体设有指向打印头喷嘴的导风管道；所述打印头座壳腔体以线料输入定位板、电机外壁和壁壳形成风道围堰，所述线料输入定位板设于座壳腔体上部，板上设有供线料输入的定位孔，电机外壁与冷却风扇相对，座壳腔体其余两侧面和底部围以一壁壳，壁壳的底部端面设有导风孔与导风管道相通，冷却风扇吹入打印头座壳腔体的气流在风道围堰的限制下从导风管道流出。
进一步的，所述打印头座壳腔体侧壁处设有风扇通孔，所述冷却风扇以易拆卸结构固定于风扇通孔处。
进一步的，所述导风管道其始端与打印头座壳腔体相通，末端下延与喷嘴相邻，其末端出风口指向喷嘴出料口下方。
进一步的，所述打印头喷嘴上端连有喉管，喉管伸入打印头座壳腔体内，喉管始端与线料传送机构相邻，末端与喷嘴固定连接，打印头座壳腔体内的喉管管壁与散热块相连，所述散热块以金属材料成型，散热块与导风管道相邻。
进一步的，所述散热块固定于座壳腔体底部端面上，与喉管和散热块相邻处的座壳壁开有微型通风孔；所述导风管道数量为2，分布于喉管两侧。
进一步的，所述冷却风扇处设有防尘网。
进一步的，所述冷却风扇设有风扇故障告警装置。
进一步的，所述导风管道侧面设有LED照明灯；所述打印头座壳外部设有齿条以安装齿形传动带，打印头由齿形传动带带动在打印机滑杆处滑移。
进一步的，所述打印头下方设置有打印平台，所述打印平台包括设置于横置移动导轨上滑移的移动台面，所述移动台面上设置有用于置放成型工件的工件成型板，所述移动台面两侧设有用于固定工件成型板的固定件，所述固定件包括承托工件成型板的基块及基块外侧向上设置的挡块，所述挡块内侧面延伸有凸条，所述凸条下沿扣于工件成型板相应侧部的上边缘。
进一步的，所述基块上设有一向上凸起的凸部，所述工件成型板旁侧具有与凸部相配合的槽口。
进一步的，所述移动台面下方设有与导轨配合工作的滑动支撑座，所述固定件底部与支撑座经弹簧连接，所述固定件与支撑座之间还贯穿有一高度调节螺栓，所述支撑座中部内嵌有用于与高度调节螺栓相配合的螺母。
进一步的，所述挡块外侧还延伸有横向设置的压柄。
进一步的，所述基块内侧端的上表面高度高于基块外侧端上表面。
进一步的，所述移动台面周部设有向下延伸的拐边，所述支撑座侧部设有凸包，所述移动台面拐边上设有与凸包相配合的槽孔。
进一步的，所述工件成型板上表面高于凸部上表面。
进一步的，所述支撑座截面呈阶梯状，所述移动台面拐边扣于支撑座阶面上方的侧部，所述弹簧设置于支撑座阶面上，所述移动台面与支撑座螺纹连接。
进一步的，所述高度调节螺栓设置于凸部中部，所述弹簧设有一对且设置于高度调节螺栓两侧。
本发明还采用以下另一种方案：一种3D打印机打印头冷却装置，所述冷却装置采用风冷方式，风冷装置送出的冷却气体在对打印头座壳腔体进行直接散热后，经导风管道重定向，传输至打印头喷嘴下方对打印部位进行散热。
进一步的，所述打印头以耳环套置于打印机滑杆处轴向滑移，所述风冷装置集成于打印头上，所述打印头座壳腔体内设有电机驱动的线料传送机构，座壳腔体的轴向一侧设有对准线料传送机构的冷却风扇，座壳腔体的下部设有打印头喷嘴，座壳腔体设有指向打印头喷嘴的导风管道；所述打印头座壳腔体以线料输入定位板、电机外壁和壁壳形成风道围堰，所述线料输入定位板设于座壳腔体上部，板上设有供线料输入的定位孔，电机外壁与冷却风扇相对，座壳腔体其余两侧面和底部围以一壁壳，壁壳的底部端面设有导风孔与导风管道相通，冷却风扇吹入打印头座壳腔体的气流在风道围堰的限制下从导风管道流出。
进一步的，所述打印头座壳腔体侧壁处设有风扇通孔，所述冷却风扇以易拆卸结构固 定于风扇通孔处。
进一步的，所述导风管道其始端与打印头座壳腔体相通，末端下延与喷嘴相邻，其末端出风口指向喷嘴出料口下方。
进一步的，所述打印头喷嘴上端连有喉管，喉管伸入打印头座壳腔体内，喉管始端与线料传送机构相邻，末端与喷嘴固定连接，打印头座壳腔体内的喉管管壁与散热块相连，所述散热块以金属材料成型，散热块与导风管道相邻。
进一步的，所述散热块固定于座壳腔体底部端面上，与喉管和散热块相邻处的座壳壁开有微型通风孔；所述导风管道数量为2，分布于喉管两侧。
进一步的，所述冷却风扇处设有防尘网。
进一步的，所述冷却风扇设有风扇故障告警装置。
进一步的，所述导风管道侧面设有LED照明灯；所述打印头座壳外部设有齿条以安装齿形传动带，打印头由齿形传动带带动在打印机滑杆处滑移。
进一步的，所述打印头下方设置有打印平台，所述打印平台包括设置于横置移动导轨上滑移的移动台面，所述移动台面上设置有用于置放成型工件的工件成型板，所述移动台面两侧设有用于固定工件成型板的固定件，所述固定件包括承托工件成型板的基块及基块外侧向上设置的挡块，所述挡块内侧面延伸有凸条，所述凸条下沿扣于工件成型板相应侧部的上边缘。
进一步的，所述基块上设有一向上凸起的凸部，所述工件成型板旁侧具有与凸部相配合的槽口。
进一步的，所述移动台面下方设有与导轨配合工作的滑动支撑座，所述固定件底部与支撑座经弹簧连接，所述固定件与支撑座之间还贯穿有一高度调节螺栓，所述支撑座中部内嵌有用于与高度调节螺栓相配合的螺母。
进一步的，所述挡块外侧还延伸有横向设置的压柄。
进一步的，所述基块内侧端的上表面高度高于基块外侧端上表面。
进一步的，所述移动台面周部设有向下延伸的拐边，所述支撑座侧部设有凸包，所述移动台面拐边上设有与凸包相配合的槽孔。
进一步的，所述工件成型板上表面高于凸部上表面。
进一步的，所述支撑座截面呈阶梯状，所述移动台面拐边扣于支撑座阶面上方的侧部，所述弹簧设置于支撑座阶面上，所述移动台面与支撑座螺纹连接。
进一步的，所述高度调节螺栓设置于凸部中部，所述弹簧设有一对且设置于高度调节 螺栓两侧。
本发明的风扇直接设于打印头的风扇通孔处，吹出的冷却气流在流经腔体后又由导风管道送至喷嘴的材料挤出端，对挤出的熔融材料进行冷却以加速其固化凝结，仅用一个风扇即可完成打印头本体散热和打印材料冷却，这样的设计直接减小了风扇的占用空间，使得打印头工作时的占用空间得以降低，有利于折叠式3D打印机折叠度和便携性的进一步提升。
本发明采用冷却风扇进行主动散热，且风向朝向打印头腔体，风扇产生的风压可使送入的冷空气在打印头座壳腔体内外形成压力差，即打印头座壳腔体内的空气压力大于打印头外，这使散热气流在从导风管流出的同时，也能进入打印头座壳腔体与外部相通的其它空隙内，如打印材料输入孔、喷嘴孔等，有效地改善散热，而且其内外气压差也使喷嘴出口处熔融沉积材料所形成的热空气不易传入打印头腔体内。
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
附图说明
附图1是打印头风冷装置的正面示意图。
附图2是打印头风冷装置的正面剖切示意图。
附图3是打印头风冷装置的三维示意图。
附图4是打印头风冷装置经传动带传动时的侧面工作示意图。
附图5是具有本发明结构的3D打印机示意图。
附图6是图5中A处固定件与工件成型板配合结构示意图。
附图7是固定件基块结构实施例一(设置有凸起)结构示意图。
附图8是固定件基块结构实施例二(设置有倾斜角度)结构示意图。
附图9是图5俯视状态示意图。
附图10是图9中固定件与工件成型板配合结构示意图。
附图11是图9中B-B剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1～4所示，一种3D打印机打印头冷却方法，包括打印头和与之配套的冷却装置，所述冷却装置采用风冷方式，风冷装置送出的冷却气体在对打印头座壳腔体进行直接散热后，经导风管道23重定向，传输至打印头喷嘴1下方对打印部位进行散热。
在本实施例中，所述打印头以耳环21套置于打印机滑杆处轴向滑移，所述风冷装置集成于打印头上，所述打印头座壳腔体22内设有电机驱动的线料传送机构6，座壳腔体22 的轴向一侧设有对准线料传送机构6的冷却风扇2，座壳腔体22的下部设有打印头喷嘴1，座壳腔体22设有指向打印头喷嘴1的导风管道23。本发明的导风管道23设于打印头处，其始端与打印头座壳腔体22相通，末端下延与喷嘴1相邻，其末端出风口指向喷嘴1出料口下方，与传统的散热风扇相比，本发明的导向管使冷却气流更为集中，导向管输出的气流能集中对喷嘴1挤出的熔融材料进行冷却，熔融材料的固化速度能进一步得以提升，对提高打印精度和打印效率十分有利。
在本实施例中，所述打印头座壳腔体以线料输入定位板31、电机外壁32和壁壳33形成风道围堰，所述线料输入定位板31设于座壳腔体上部，板上设有供线料输入的定位孔34，电机外壁32与冷却风扇2相对，座壳腔体22其余两侧面和底部围以一壁壳33，壁壳33的底部端面设有导风孔与导风管道23相通，冷却风扇2吹入打印头座壳腔体的冷却气流在风道围堰的限制下主要从导风管道23流出，保证导风管道23对喷嘴1下方打印部位处的散热有充足的气流，而且这样的构造在保证打印头壳体强度的同时，使得打印头易于拆解，便于维护，风道围堰各围挡件之间的缝隙能促进空气内外流动便于散热，也在整体上减小了打印头体积，有利于提升折叠式3D打印机的便携性。
在本实施例中，所述打印头座壳腔体22侧壁处设有风扇通孔3，所述冷却风扇2以易拆卸结构固定于风扇通孔3处，具体是以易拆卸结构固定于打印机外壳侧壁，由于冷却风扇2的直径较大，因此风扇通孔3的直径也较大，这使得对座壳腔体22内部件的简易维护可以在拆下风扇后通过风扇通孔3进行，提升了维护效率。
在本实施例中，所述导风管道23其始端与打印头座壳腔体22相通，末端下延与喷嘴1相邻，其末端出风口24指向喷嘴1出料口下方。
在本实施例中，所述打印头喷嘴1上端连有喉管9，喉管9伸入打印头座壳腔体22内，喉管9始端与线料传送机构6相邻，末端与喷嘴1固定连接，打印头座壳腔体22内的喉管9管壁与散热块8相连，所述散热块8以金属材料成型，散热块8与导风管道23相邻。由于金属导热速度较快，喷嘴1下方熔融部的热量经喷嘴1传至喉管9后，能迅速转至散热块8上，由于冷却风扇2风向朝向线料传送机构6，因此吹入的冷空气可以连带对散热块8进行冷却，从而使得与散热块8相连的喉管9温度得以降低，使打印材料在从线料传送机构6送至喷嘴1的运送过程中不至过热，而且打印头座壳腔体22内由冷却风扇2形成的风压可以把冷空气挤入喉管9内，进一步增强散热效果。所述导风管道23始端与所述散热块8相邻，使腔体22内的冷却气流大部分集中于散热块8旁侧排出，这加强了散热块8周围的气体流动，能使得散热块8上的热量能迅速被带走。
在本实施例中，所述散热块8固定于座壳腔体底部端面上，与喉管9和散热块8相邻处的座壳壁开有微型通风孔4，座壳腔体22内的空气在风压作用下于微型通风孔4处产生由内向外的气流，有利于散热块8和喉管9处的空气流动，即利于喉管9和散热块8的散热；所述导风管道23数量为2，对称分布于喉管9两侧，使喷嘴1挤出的熔融材料受到两个方向的冷却气流散热，材料成型固化更为均匀，固化速度更快。
在本实施例中，所述冷却风扇2处设有防尘网，能过滤粉尘，散热气流在进入打印头座壳腔体22前在防尘网处得以清洁，使打印头座壳腔体22内不易积尘。
在本实施例中，所述冷却风扇2设有风扇故障告警装置，当冷却风扇2产生故障时，能及时告警，让使用者及时排障，进一步提升了本发明的可靠性。
在本实施例中，所述导风管道23侧面设有LED照明灯35，使用者可以更为清晰地观察熔融材料的冷却固化过程，以精确评估冷却装置的工作效果；所述打印头座壳外部设有齿条41以安装传动带，打印头由齿形传动带带动在打印机滑杆处滑移，该传动设计的占用空间较小，定位准确，且传动过程中外界震动能被传动带吸收，定位精度不受影响，从而使打印精度不易受外界震动影响。
当冷却风扇2工作时，经风扇通孔3把外部冷空气吹入打印头座壳腔体22内，外部冷空气流经线料传送机构6和散热块8为其散热，并从导风管道23流出座壳腔体22，被导风管道23送至打印头下方喷嘴1处，从导风管道23末端出口24送出，对喷嘴1挤出的熔融材料进行冷却使之固化。
冷却风扇2、风扇通孔3、打印头座壳腔体22和导风管道23共同构成风道，风扇通孔3为风道入口，导风管道23的末端出口24为风道出口，使冷却风扇2吹入的冷空气在打印头座壳腔体22内形成风压，促进座壳腔体22内的空气流动，加速座壳腔体22内的热量排出。
如图5～11所示，在本实施例中，图5为整体3D打印机工件成型板100完成装配的图示，图中，所述打印头下方设置有打印平台，所述打印平台包括移动台面110，工件成型板100置放于移动台面110，移动台面110沿导轨120轴向进行运动。
在本实施例中，所述移动台面110下方设有一支撑座20，支撑座20上表面超出移动台面110两侧，所述支撑座20与移动台面110固定连接。
在本实施例中，所述支撑座20中部设有用于套设于滑轨120的通孔210，所述支撑座20截面呈阶梯状，所述移动台面110周部设有向下延伸的拐边(111，112)，所述支撑座20前侧部或后侧部设有凸包220，所述移动台面前部或后部的拐边111上设有与凸包220相配 合的槽孔。
在本实施例中，移动台面110侧部的拐边112扣于支撑座阶面上方的侧部，所述移动台面110与支撑座20螺纹连接。
在本实施例中，支撑座20阶面超过移动台面110两侧，所述用于固定工件成型板100的固定件30底部与支撑座20阶面上表面通过弹簧40连接。
在本实施例中，弹簧40可以采用上下两端固定连接也可以在阶面与固定件30底部对应设置容纳弹簧的凹槽，以实现连接。
在本实施例中，位于移动台面110两侧的固定件30共有四个，均布于工件成型板100的四角位置，固定件30包括承托工件成型板侧部的基块310，所述基块310上设有一向上凸起的凸部311，所述工件成型板100具有与凸部311相配合的槽口101，工作时，当凸部311与槽口101配合以防止工件成型板100移动。
在本实施例中，优选的，槽口101与凸部311呈矩状，当然，在实际应用中还可以采用梯形、或其他异型。
为了克服工件成型板发生上下方向的震动，固定件30的基块310外旁侧设有向上设置的挡块320，所述挡块320朝向工件成型板100的一面延伸有凸条321，所述凸条321下沿扣于工件成型板100的上表面。
为了便于进行按压操作，所述挡块320外侧还延伸有横向设置的压柄322，压柄322的设计同时还可以起到避免挡块320与打印头发生干涉碰撞的作用。
为了进一步提高了固定件对工件成型板的锁紧力，本发明还在基块的设计上，所述基块接近工件成型板一端的高度高于基块背离工件成型板一端，该方案可以使工件成型板两侧的边缘处产生相反力矩，从而实现对工件成型板100的锁紧，下面对其应用依据实施例作出说明。
如图7所示，基块310接近工件成型板一端设有凸起312，当工件成型板100固定时，凸条321对工件成型板100产生向下的作用力，而凸起312对工件成型板100产生向上的作用力，由此形成力矩，实现对工件成型板100的锁紧。
如图8所示，基块310由基块接近工件成型板一端向基块背离工件成型板一端向倾斜，当工件成型板100固定时，凸条321对工件成型板100产生向下的作用力，而倾斜的基块上表面对工件成型板100产生向上的作用力，由此形成力矩，实现对工件成型板100的锁紧。
在本实施例中，凸条321设置于凸部311的两侧。在本实施例中，所述基块310、凸部311、挡块320及凸条321为一体。当然在利于成型的情况下也可以采用可拆连接的方式。
为了实现固定件30的上下高度调节，所述固定件30与支撑座20之间还设有高度调节螺栓50，所述支撑座20中部开设有一用于置放螺母的开槽，开槽内嵌有用于与高度调节螺栓相配合的螺母230，将螺母230内嵌于中部可以防止当螺栓旋转时造成螺母230向下脱出。
在本实施例中，所述高度调节螺栓50设置于凸部311中部，凸部311内设有置纳高度调节螺栓50的沉槽，使用时，高度调节螺栓50下端贯穿固定件30并伸入支撑座20内，高度调节螺栓50的螺帽下沿与沉槽上表面相配合，经固定件30经螺栓连接克服弹簧40弹力，实现固定，而所述的弹簧40则成对设置于高度调节螺栓50两侧。
本发明中的工件成型板100上表面高于凸部311上表面，可有效避免打印头在定位或工作时与凸部产生碰撞。本发明中弹簧40即起到支撑固定件30的作用，同时由于弹簧40的伸缩性可方便实现高度的调节，利于维护；另外，由于弹簧40的可弯曲性，在拆卸工件成型板100时，仅需要将固定件30向外侧掰动(图11箭头方向)即可实现工件成型板100与固定件的脱离，十分方便。
本发明的打印平台优点在于：
(1)采用的固定件与工件成型板之间具有相互配合的槽口和凸部以限制工件成型板在3D打印机工作过程中发生横向位移，同时利用凸条的下沿扣于工件成型板上表面以克服工件成型板发生上下方向的震动而影响成型质量，固定件利用弹簧的特性，当需要拆卸时只需向外侧倾斜即可实现工件成型板的拆卸十分方便，这样利于在工件成型后取下工件成型板进行取件操作。
(2)在固定件的设计上利用凸条的抵顶以及基块朝向工件成型板端部的抬高面实现对工件成型板的边缘处产生力矩，进一步提高了固定件对工件成型板的锁紧力，保证其在3D打印机的长时间运行下不发生震动和松脱。
(3)由于成型板端部的抬高面的设置也对工件成型板侧部与凸条的长期磨损提供了余量补偿，大大提高了工件成型板与固定件的使用寿命。
(4)固定件还具有调节工件成型板高度的功能，利用弹簧与高度调节螺栓的配合可实现工件成型板高度的调节以利于工件成型板的调节并提高调节精度从而提高产品成型效果。
(5)支撑座通过凸包与移动台面的槽孔的配合保证了移动台面限位也便于移动台面的安装。
(6)工件成型板上表面高于凸部上表面，可有效避免打印头在定位或工作时与凸部 产生碰撞。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种3D打印机打印头冷却方法，包括打印头和与之配套的冷却装置，其特征在于：所述冷却方法采用风冷方式，风冷装置送出的冷却气体在对打印头座壳腔体进行直接散热后，经导风管道重定向，传输至打印头喷嘴下方对打印部位进行散热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述打印头以耳环套置于打印机滑杆处轴向滑移，所述风冷装置集成于打印头上，所述打印头座壳腔体内设有电机驱动的线料传送机构，座壳腔体的轴向一侧设有对准线料传送机构的冷却风扇，座壳腔体的下部设有打印头喷嘴，座壳腔体设有指向打印头喷嘴的导风管道；所述打印头座壳腔体以线料输入定位板、电机外壁和壁壳形成风道围堰，所述线料输入定位板设于座壳腔体上部，板上设有供线料输入的定位孔，电机外壁与冷却风扇相对，座壳腔体其余两侧面和底部围以一壁壳，壁壳的底部端面设有导风孔与导风管道相通，冷却风扇吹入打印头座壳腔体的气流在风道围堰的限制下从导风管道流出。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述打印头座壳腔体侧壁处设有风扇通孔，所述冷却风扇以易拆卸结构固定于风扇通孔处。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述导风管道其始端与打印头座壳腔体相通，末端下延与喷嘴相邻，其末端出风口指向喷嘴出料口下方。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述打印头喷嘴上端连有喉管，喉管伸入打印头座壳腔体内，喉管始端与线料传送机构相邻，末端与喷嘴固定连接，打印头座壳腔体内的喉管管壁与散热块相连，所述散热块以金属材料成型，散热块与导风管道相邻。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述散热块固定于座壳腔体底部端面上，与喉管和散热块相邻处的座壳壁开有微型通风孔；所述导风管道数量为2，分布于喉管两侧。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述冷却风扇处设有防尘网。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述冷却风扇设有风扇故障告警装置。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述导风管道侧面设有LED照明灯；所述打印头座壳外部设有齿条以安装齿形传动带，打印头由齿形传动带带动在打印机滑杆处滑移。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述打印头下方设置有打印平台，所述打印平台包括设置于横置移动导轨上滑移的移动台面，所述移动台面上设置有用于置放成型工件的工件成型板，所述移动台面两侧设有用于固定工件成型板的固定件，所述固定件包括承托工件成型板的基块及基块外侧向上设置的挡块，所述挡块内侧面延伸有凸条，所述凸条下沿扣于工件成型板相应侧部的上边缘。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述基块上设有一向上凸起的凸部，所述工件成型板旁侧具有与凸部相配合的槽口。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述移动台面下方设有与导轨配合工作的滑动支撑座，所述固定件底部与支撑座经弹簧连接，所述固定件与支撑座之间还贯穿有一高度调节螺栓，所述支撑座中部内嵌有用于与高度调节螺栓相配合的螺母。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述挡块外侧还延伸有横向设置的压柄。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述基块内侧端的上表面高度高于基块外侧端上表面。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述移动台面周部设有向下延伸的拐边，所述支撑座侧部设有凸包，所述移动台面拐边上设有与凸包相配合的槽孔。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述工件成型板上表面高于凸部上表面。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述支撑座截面呈阶梯状，所述移动台面拐边扣于支撑座阶面上方的侧部，所述弹簧设置于支撑座阶面上，所述移动台面与支撑座螺纹连接。
  18. 根据权利要求12所述的3D打印机打印头冷却方法，其特征在于：所述高度调节螺栓设置于凸部中部，所述弹簧设有一对且设置于高度调节螺栓两侧。
  19. 一种3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述冷却装置采用风冷方式，风冷装置送出的冷却气体在对打印头座壳腔体进行直接散热后，经导风管道重定向，传输至打印头喷嘴下方对打印部位进行散热。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述打印头以耳环套置于打印机滑杆处轴向滑移，所述风冷装置集成于打印头上，所述打印头座壳腔体内设有电机驱动的线料传送机构，座壳腔体的轴向一侧设有对准线料传送机构的冷却风扇，座壳腔体 的下部设有打印头喷嘴，座壳腔体设有指向打印头喷嘴的导风管道；所述打印头座壳腔体以线料输入定位板、电机外壁和壁壳形成风道围堰，所述线料输入定位板设于座壳腔体上部，板上设有供线料输入的定位孔，电机外壁与冷却风扇相对，座壳腔体其余两侧面和底部围以一壁壳，壁壳的底部端面设有导风孔与导风管道相通，冷却风扇吹入打印头座壳腔体的气流在风道围堰的限制下从导风管道流出。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述打印头座壳腔体侧壁处设有风扇通孔，所述冷却风扇以易拆卸结构固定于风扇通孔处。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述导风管道其始端与打印头座壳腔体相通，末端下延与喷嘴相邻，其末端出风口指向喷嘴出料口下方。
  23. 根据权利要求20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述打印头喷嘴上端连有喉管，喉管伸入打印头座壳腔体内，喉管始端与线料传送机构相邻，末端与喷嘴固定连接，打印头座壳腔体内的喉管管壁与散热块相连，所述散热块以金属材料成型，散热块与导风管道相邻。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述散热块固定于座壳腔体底部端面上，与喉管和散热块相邻处的座壳壁开有微型通风孔；所述导风管道数量为2，分布于喉管两侧。
  25. 根据权利要求20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述冷却风扇处设有防尘网。
  26. 根据权利要求20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述冷却风扇设有风扇故障告警装置。
  27. 根据权利要求20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述导风管道侧面设有LED照明灯；所述打印头座壳外部设有齿条以安装齿形传动带，打印头由齿形传动带带动在打印机滑杆处滑移。
  28. 根据权利要求19或20所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述打印头下方设置有打印平台，所述打印平台包括设置于横置移动导轨上滑移的移动台面，所述移动台面上设置有用于置放成型工件的工件成型板，所述移动台面两侧设有用于固定工件成型板的固定件，所述固定件包括承托工件成型板的基块及基块外侧向上设置的挡块，所述挡块内侧面延伸有凸条，所述凸条下沿扣于工件成型板相应侧部的上边缘。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述基块上设有一向上凸起的凸部，所述工件成型板旁侧具有与凸部相配合的槽口。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述移动台面下方设有与导轨配合工作的滑动支撑座，所述固定件底部与支撑座经弹簧连接，所述固定件与支撑座之间还贯穿有一高度调节螺栓，所述支撑座中部内嵌有用于与高度调节螺栓相配合的螺母。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述挡块外侧还延伸有横向设置的压柄。
  32. 根据权利要求28所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述基块内侧端的上表面高度高于基块外侧端上表面。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述移动台面周部设有向下延伸的拐边，所述支撑座侧部设有凸包，所述移动台面拐边上设有与凸包相配合的槽孔。
  34. 根据权利要求29所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述工件成型板上表面高于凸部上表面。
  35. 根据权利要求31所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述支撑座截面呈阶梯状，所述移动台面拐边扣于支撑座阶面上方的侧部，所述弹簧设置于支撑座阶面上，所述移动台面与支撑座螺纹连接。
  36. 根据权利要求30所述的3D打印机打印头冷却装置，其特征在于：所述高度调节螺栓设置于凸部中部，所述弹簧设有一对且设置于高度调节螺栓两侧。
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CN112542393A (zh) * 2020-12-10 2021-03-23 温州大学 一种用于集成电路封装模具的排出装置
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CN106915075B (zh) * 2017-03-30 2023-08-04 西京学院 一种熔融沉积型3d打印机喷头冷却装置
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CN112045997A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-12-08 合肥学院 一种3d打印喷嘴控制装置
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CN114919174B (zh) * 2022-04-29 2023-06-27 南京铖联激光科技有限公司 一种3d打印机喷头冷却装置

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