WO2016166904A1 - 枠体、レドックスフロー電池用セルフレーム及びレドックスフロー電池 - Google Patents
枠体、レドックスフロー電池用セルフレーム及びレドックスフロー電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016166904A1 WO2016166904A1 PCT/JP2015/073427 JP2015073427W WO2016166904A1 WO 2016166904 A1 WO2016166904 A1 WO 2016166904A1 JP 2015073427 W JP2015073427 W JP 2015073427W WO 2016166904 A1 WO2016166904 A1 WO 2016166904A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04276—Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
- H01M8/04283—Supply means of electrolyte to or in matrix-fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/20—Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2459—Comprising electrode layers with interposed electrolyte compartment with possible electrolyte supply or circulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8694—Bipolar electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a frame used for a redox flow battery cell, a cell frame for a redox flow battery, and a redox flow battery.
- the present invention relates to a frame for a redox flow battery cell that can improve the heat dissipation of the electrolyte in a slit provided in the frame and suppress the temperature rise of the electrolyte.
- a redox flow battery (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “RF battery”) is known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Applications of redox flow batteries include load leveling applications, applications such as instantaneous voltage drop compensation and emergency power supplies, and smoothing of natural energy output such as solar power generation and wind power generation that are being introduced in large quantities. Can be mentioned.
- An RF battery is a battery that performs charge and discharge using an electrolyte containing a metal ion (active material) whose valence is changed by oxidation and reduction in the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte.
- FIG. 10 shows an operation principle diagram of a vanadium RF battery 300 using a vanadium electrolyte containing V ions as an active material in the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte.
- a solid line arrow in the battery cell 100 in FIG. 10 indicates a charging reaction, and a broken line arrow indicates a discharging reaction.
- the RF battery 300 includes a cell 100 separated into a positive electrode cell 102 and a negative electrode cell 103 by an ion exchange membrane 101 that transmits hydrogen ions.
- a positive electrode 104 is built in the positive electrode cell 102, and a positive electrode electrolyte solution tank 106 for storing the positive electrode electrolyte is connected via conduits 108 and 110.
- the negative electrode cell 103 contains a negative electrode 105 and is connected to a negative electrode electrolyte tank 107 for storing the negative electrode electrolyte via conduits 109 and 111. Then, the electrolytes stored in the tanks 106 and 107 are circulated and circulated to the cell 100 (the positive electrode cell 102 and the negative electrode cell 103) by the pumps 112 and 113 to perform charging and discharging.
- the RF battery 300 normally has a configuration including a cell stack in which a plurality of cells 100 are stacked.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cell stack.
- a cell stack 10S illustrated in FIG. 11 is formed by laminating a plurality of cell frames 20, a positive electrode 104, an ion exchange membrane 101, and a negative electrode 105 each having a bipolar plate 21 provided inside a rectangular frame-shaped frame body 22.
- the laminate is sandwiched between two end plates 250 and tightened.
- the frame body 22 has an opening formed inside thereof, and the cell frame 20 is configured by fitting the bipolar plate 21 into the opening of the frame body 22.
- a recess (chamber) 24 is formed inside the frame body 22 by the inner peripheral surface of the frame body 22 and the surface of the bipolar plate 21, and the positive electrode 104 is disposed on one surface side of the bipolar plate 21.
- a negative electrode 105 is arranged on the side.
- An electrode (positive electrode 104 or negative electrode 105) is accommodated in a chamber 24 formed inside the frame 22, and an internal space of the chamber 24 surrounded by the bipolar plate 21, the frame 22, and the ion exchange membrane 101 is formed. It constitutes a cell (positive electrode cell or negative electrode cell).
- a pair of positive and negative electrodes 104 and 105 are arranged between adjacent cell frames 20 with an ion exchange membrane 101 interposed therebetween, thereby making one cell (single cell). 100 will be formed.
- the circulation of the electrolytic solution in the cell stack 10S is performed by the manifold 200 formed through the frame body 22 and the slit 210 formed on the surface of the frame body 22 and connecting the manifold 200 and the chamber 24.
- the positive electrode electrolyte is stored in the chamber 24 in which the positive electrode 104 is accommodated through the liquid supply slit 211 formed on the one surface side (paper surface side) from the liquid supply manifold 201. , Flows through the chamber 24, and is discharged to the drainage manifold 203 through the drainage slit 213.
- the negative electrode electrolyte is supplied from the liquid supply manifold 202 to the chamber in which the negative electrode 105 is accommodated via the liquid supply slit 212 formed on the other surface side (the back side of the paper) of the frame body 22, and the liquid discharge slit.
- the liquid is discharged from the chamber to the drainage manifold 204 through 214.
- an annular seal member 50 such as an O-ring or a flat packing is disposed along the outer edge portion of the frame body 22 in order to suppress leakage of the electrolytic solution.
- JP 2013-80613 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-246061
- a shunt current flows through the electrolyte in the slit and a loss due to the shunt current (shunt current loss) occurs. Due to the shunt current, the electrolytic solution may generate heat, and the temperature of the electrolytic solution may increase. For example, when the RF battery is on standby, since the electrolytic solution remains in the slit, the temperature of the electrolytic solution is likely to rise in the slit as compared with the operation in which the electrolytic solution is circulated. When the temperature of the electrolytic solution rises, precipitates may be generated in the electrolytic solution, which may lead to a decrease in battery performance such as deterioration of the electrolytic solution.
- the frame may be damaged by the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution, such as the frame being softened and deformed by the heat. Therefore, in order to suppress the temperature rise of the electrolytic solution in the slit, it is desired to improve the heat dissipation of the electrolytic solution.
- the slit In a frame used for a conventional RF battery cell, generally, the slit has a substantially square cross-sectional shape. Conventionally, sufficient examination has not been made on the cross-sectional shape of the slit from the viewpoint of improving the heat dissipation of the electrolytic solution in the slit.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and one of the objects of the present invention is to improve the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit and to increase the temperature of the electrolyte solution in the frame of the redox flow battery cell. It is in providing the frame which can suppress this.
- a frame according to an aspect of the present invention is a frame used for a redox flow battery cell, an opening formed inside the frame, a manifold through which an electrolyte flows, the manifold and the opening And a slit that forms a flow path for the electrolyte between the manifold and the opening.
- the slit has a pair of side walls opposed to each other in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the electrolyte solution, and a width at which the distance between the side walls becomes narrower in the depth direction at least in part of the depth direction of the slit. It has a narrow part.
- a cell frame for a redox flow battery includes the frame according to an aspect of the present invention and a bipolar plate fitted into an opening of the frame, and the frame and the bipolar plate A chamber is formed inside the frame.
- the redox flow battery according to one aspect of the present invention includes the cell frame for a redox flow battery according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the above frame body can improve the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit, and can suppress the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution.
- the cell frame for redox flow battery and the redox flow battery can improve the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit provided in the frame constituting the cell and can suppress the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a frame according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a schematic front view of a cell frame provided with the frame concerning Embodiment 1.
- 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional shape of a slit in a frame body according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional shape of the slit in the frame which concerns on Embodiment 2.
- FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional shape of the slit in the frame which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional shape of the slit in the frame which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the cross-sectional shape of the slit in the frame which concerns on Embodiment 5.
- FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the modification of the cross-sectional shape of a slit. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another modification of the cross-sectional shape of a slit. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows another modification of the cross-sectional shape of a slit. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other modification of the cross-sectional shape of a slit. It is an operation
- the present inventors examined the cross-sectional shape of the slit that can improve the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit and suppress the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution. Tried.
- the “cross-sectional shape of the slit” means a cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the flow direction of the electrolytic solution, and is represented by a closed region surrounded by the wall surface and the opening constituting the slit.
- the “cross section of the slit” means a cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the electrolytic solution.
- the cross-sectional shape of the conventional slit is substantially square as described above, and a bottom wall parallel to the surface of the frame body and a pair extending in a direction perpendicular to the bottom wall from the surface of the frame body and facing each other in parallel. It is a shape which has a side wall. That is, in the conventional slit, the interval between the side walls is substantially constant over the entire depth direction of the slit, and the angle formed between the side wall and the bottom wall is a right angle (90 °).
- “Slit depth direction” means a direction perpendicular to the surface of the frame from the slit opening toward the bottom in the cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the electrolyte (that is, the thickness direction of the frame). Means.
- the cross-sectional shape of the slit is a shape having a narrow portion in which the interval between the side walls becomes narrow in the depth direction.
- the slit In the slit, at least one of the side walls is inclined with respect to the depth direction in the narrow portion, and convection of the electrolyte moving along the side wall is promoted when convection occurs in the electrolyte in the slit.
- the slit having such a cross-sectional shape can improve the heat dissipation of the electrolytic solution because the convection of the electrolytic solution is promoted as compared with the conventional slit whose side walls are opposed to each other and parallel to the depth direction. It is thought that the temperature rise of electrolyte solution can be suppressed.
- a frame according to an aspect of the present invention is a frame used for a cell of a redox flow battery, wherein an opening formed inside the frame, a manifold through which an electrolyte flows, and the manifold And a slit for connecting the opening and forming a flow path for the electrolyte between the manifold and the opening.
- the slit has a pair of side walls opposed to each other in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the electrolyte solution, and a width at which the distance between the side walls becomes narrower in the depth direction at least in part of the depth direction of the slit. It has a narrow part.
- the convection of the electrolytic solution is promoted because the slit has a narrow part in which the interval between the side walls becomes narrow in the depth direction in at least a part of the slit in the depth direction in the cross section. .
- the narrow portion at least one of the side walls is inclined with respect to the depth direction, and convection of the electrolyte moving along the inclined surface of the side walls can be promoted. As a result, the heat dissipation effect of the electrolyte solution by convection is improved.
- the heat dissipation of the electrolytic solution in the slit can be improved and the temperature rise of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed, so that the deposition of the electrolytic solution component can be suppressed. Further, the softening and deformation of the frame body due to the influence of the heat of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed.
- the “narrow portion” is a portion where the interval between the side walls continuously changes so as to gradually narrow toward the depth direction of the slit (from the opening side to the bottom side).
- at least one of the side walls may be inclined with respect to the depth direction, one side wall may be inclined with respect to the depth direction, and the other side wall may be along the depth direction. Both side walls may be inclined with respect to the depth direction.
- “Along the depth direction” means substantially parallel to the depth direction (that is, perpendicular to the surface of the frame from the opening side toward the bottom side).
- the narrow portion may be at least part of the depth direction of the slit, the narrow portion is formed in a part of the depth direction, and the other portion has a substantially constant sidewall distance. Also good.
- the distance between the side walls from the opening to the middle position in the depth direction may be substantially constant, and a portion having the same width as the opening may exist.
- the number of narrow portions may be one or plural. It is preferable that the narrow portion is formed over the entire depth direction.
- the slit has a bottom wall, and the bottom wall has a flat surface parallel to the surface of the frame.
- the circumferential length of the slit is Can be long. If the perimeter of the slit becomes longer, the contact area with the electrolytic solution is increased correspondingly, and heat transfer from the electrolytic solution to the slit wall surface increases, so that the heat dissipation effect of the electrolytic solution by heat conduction is improved. Therefore, the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit can be further improved, and the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution can be further suppressed.
- the “peripheral length of the slit” means the peripheral length in a cross section orthogonal to the flow direction of the electrolyte, and in the cross section, the peripheral length of the wall surface constituting the slit (the total length of the side wall and the bottom wall), and the opening portion It is expressed as the total length of the width.
- an angle formed by at least one of the side walls and the bottom wall is 91 ° or more and 120 ° or less.
- the angle between the side wall and the bottom wall is a right angle (90 °), as in a conventional slit having a square cross section, convection along the corner between the side wall and the bottom wall is difficult to occur, and in the vicinity of the corner, It is difficult to dissipate heat from the electrolyte due to convection. Since the angle formed by the side wall and the bottom wall is 91 ° or more, the electrolyte solution easily convects along the inclined surface of the side wall at the corner portion of the side wall and the bottom wall, and the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the corner portion. Is promoted.
- the cross-sectional area of the slit is constant because the angle between the side wall and the bottom wall is 120 ° or less, the circumferential length of the slit is not too long, and the pressure loss when the electrolyte flows is excessively large. Can be suppressed. Since the pressure loss decreases as the cross-sectional area of the slit increases or the peripheral length of the slit decreases, the pressure loss can be reduced as the cross-sectional area is the same. In addition, when the angle formed between the side wall and the bottom wall is 120 ° or less, the depth of the slit does not become too shallow, and it is easy to form the slit.
- the slit may be formed at the same time when the frame is formed by injection molding, or may be formed by cutting. Further, if the angle formed between the side wall and the bottom wall is 120 ° or less, the width of the opening of the slit does not become too wide, the width of the frame can be reduced, and the size of the frame can be reduced.
- the angle formed between the side wall and the bottom wall is preferably 95 ° or more and 110 ° or less, for example.
- the radius of curvature of the corner may be 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, and further 0.2 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less.
- At least one of the side walls has an inclined surface inclined with respect to the depth direction, and the inclined surface is a flat surface.
- the inclined surface of the side wall in the narrow part is a flat surface, it is easy to form with high precision, such as when the slit is formed by cutting.
- At least one of the side walls has an inclined surface inclined with respect to the depth direction, and the inclined surface is a curved surface.
- the inclined surface of the side wall in the narrow portion is a curved surface, the convection of the electrolyte moving along the inclined surface is more easily promoted, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrolyte due to the convection is further improved.
- the slit has a bottom wall, and the bottom wall has a curved surface protruding in the depth direction of the slit.
- the bottom wall has a curved surface protruding in the depth direction of the slit, so that the electrolyte solution easily convects along the curved surface of the bottom wall, and heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the bottom wall is promoted.
- One form of the frame described in (7) is that the entire side wall and the bottom wall are formed in a curved shape.
- the entire surface of the side wall and the bottom wall is curved, that is, the entire wall surface of the slit is formed into a curved surface, so that the electrolyte solution can easily convect along the wall surface (side wall and bottom wall) of the slit, and heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution by convection is possible. Efficiency is further improved.
- the interval between the side walls at an arbitrary position in the depth direction of the slit is equal to or less than the interval between the side walls on the opening side than the position. It is done.
- the distance between the side walls is equal to or smaller than the width of the opening throughout the depth direction of the slit, and is widest at the opening and narrowest at the bottom. Since the distance between the side walls becomes narrower from the opening toward the bottom and there is no portion that becomes wider in the depth direction, it is easy to form a slit. For example, the distance between the side walls at a position that is half the depth of the slit from the bottom is narrower than the opening, or the distance between the side walls is gradually narrowed at a position closer to the bottom than a quarter of the depth of the slit from the bottom. It is mentioned that.
- a cell frame for a redox flow battery includes the frame according to any one of (1) to (9) above and a bipolar plate that is fitted into an opening of the frame.
- a chamber is formed inside the frame by the frame and the bipolar plate.
- the frame according to one aspect of the present invention since the frame according to one aspect of the present invention is provided, in the frame constituting the cell of the redox flow battery, the heat dissipation of the electrolytic solution in the slit can be improved, and the temperature of the electrolytic solution is increased. Can be suppressed. Therefore, precipitation of the electrolytic solution component can be suppressed, and softening and deformation of the frame body due to the influence of the heat of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed.
- a redox flow battery according to an aspect of the present invention includes the cell frame for a redox flow battery described in (10) above.
- the cell frame according to one aspect of the present invention since the cell frame according to one aspect of the present invention is provided, in the frame constituting the cell, the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit can be improved, and the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution can be suppressed. . Therefore, precipitation of the electrolytic solution component can be suppressed, and softening and deformation of the frame body due to the influence of the heat of the electrolytic solution can be suppressed.
- the frame body 22 illustrated in FIG. 1 has a rectangular frame shape having a pair of long pieces 22L facing each other and a pair of short pieces 22S connecting the ends of the long pieces 22L, and an opening 22o is formed inside thereof. ing. A bipolar plate 21 to be described later is fitted into the opening 22o.
- the frame body 22 may be formed of plastic or rubber such as vinyl chloride resin, polypropylene, polyethylene, fluorine resin, or epoxy resin.
- the frame body 22 is formed on the surface of the manifold 200 (manifolds 201 to 204) through which the electrolyte solution flows and passes through the front and back surfaces, and forms a flow path for the electrolyte solution between the manifold 200 and the opening 22o.
- Slit 210 slits 211 to 214.
- the manifold 200 and the slit 210 can be formed at the same time when the frame 22 is formed by injection molding, for example.
- Manifold slit The manifolds 201 and 202 are formed on one long piece 22L (the lower long piece in FIG. 1) of the frame 22, and the manifolds 203 and 204 are the other long piece 22L (the upper long piece in FIG. 1). ).
- the slits 211 and 213 are formed on one surface side of the frame body 22, and the slits 212 and 214 are formed on the other surface side of the frame body 22.
- One end of each slit 211 to 214 is connected to each manifold 201 to 204, and the other end is connected to the opening 22o.
- Each slit 211 to 214 is formed inside each manifold 201 to 204 and the frame body 22, respectively.
- the opening 22o is connected.
- the cell frame 20 illustrated in FIG. 2 includes a frame body 22 and a bipolar plate 21 that is fitted into the opening 22o (see FIG. 1) of the frame body 22.
- a frame body 22 is formed so as to sandwich the peripheral portion of the bipolar plate 21 from the front and back, and the frame body 22 is integrated with the outer periphery of the bipolar plate 21 by injection molding or the like.
- a recess is formed by the frame body 22 and the bipolar plate 21.
- a chamber 24 in which an electrode (not shown) is accommodated inside the frame body 22 is formed by the inner peripheral surface of the frame body 22 and the surface of the bipolar plate 21.
- FIG. 2 only the chamber 24 on one side (the front side of the drawing) of the cell frame 20 is illustrated, but the chamber is also formed on the other side (the back side of the drawing).
- a positive electrode is housed in a chamber on one surface side of the cell frame 20
- a negative electrode is housed in a chamber on the other surface side
- a positive electrode is disposed on one surface side of the bipolar plate 21, and a negative electrode is disposed on the other surface side (see FIG. 11).
- the bipolar plate 21 can be made of plastic carbon.
- the manifolds 201 and 203 are a supply manifold and a discharge manifold for the positive electrode electrolyte
- the slits 211 and 213 are a supply slit for the positive electrode electrolyte and It is a drainage slit
- Manifolds 202 and 204 are a supply manifold and a drainage manifold for the negative electrode electrolyte
- slits 212 and 214 are a supply slit and a drainage slit for the negative electrode electrolyte.
- Each liquid supply slit 211, 212 extending from each liquid supply manifold 201, 202 is connected to the lower edge of the chamber 24 (opening 22o (see FIG. 1)), and each liquid discharge slit extending from each liquid discharge manifold 203, 204. 213 and 214 are connected to the upper edge of the chamber 24 (opening 22o). That is, the electrolytic solution is introduced into the chamber 24 from the lower side of the chamber 24, and the electrolytic solution is discharged from the upper side of the chamber 24.
- a rectification unit (not shown) is formed along the edge at the lower edge and the upper edge of the chamber 24.
- the rectifying unit diffuses the electrolyte introduced from the liquid supply slits 211 and 212 along the lower edge of the chamber 24, and discharges the electrolyte discharged from the upper edge of the chamber 24 to the drain slits 213 and 214. It has a function to aggregate. By this rectifying portion, the electrolyte solution flows in the chamber 24 from the lower edge portion of the chamber 24 toward the upper edge portion.
- positive and negative electrolytes known electrolytes can be used.
- a positive / negative electrolytic solution a combination of a V-based electrolytic solution containing V ions as a positive electrode and negative electrode active material, a Fe / Cr-based electrolytic solution containing Fe ions as a positive electrode active material, and Cr ions as a negative electrode active material
- a Ti / Mn electrolyte containing Mn ions as the positive electrode active material and Ti ions as the negative electrode active material.
- a plastic protection plate 40 that protects the ion exchange membrane may be disposed at a portion of the frame body 22 where the slits 211 to 214 are formed.
- the protection plate 40 is disposed on the surface of the long piece 22L of the frame 22 so as to cover the slits 211 to 214, and each protection plate 40 has a through-hole or notch at a position corresponding to each manifold 201 to 204. Is formed.
- the protection plate 40 disposed on one surface side of the frame 22 in which the slits 211 and 213 for the positive electrode electrolyte are formed is connected to the manifolds 201 and 203 for the positive electrode electrolyte.
- a circular through hole is formed, and rectangular notches are formed in the manifolds 202 and 204 for the negative electrode electrolyte.
- rectangular cutouts are formed with respect to the manifolds 201 and 203 for the positive electrode electrolyte.
- the protective plate 40 prevents the slits 211 to 214 from coming into contact with the ion exchange membrane. Can be prevented from being damaged.
- FIG. 2 only the protective plate 40 that covers the slits 211 and 213 formed on one surface side of the frame body 22 is illustrated, but a protective plate is also disposed on the other surface side of the frame body 22, and the slits 212, 214 is covered with a protective plate.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional shape of the slit 210 in the frame (cell frame) according to the first embodiment.
- the slit 210 has a pair of side walls 31 opposed to each other in a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the electrolyte solution, and a width at which the distance between the side walls 31 is narrowed in the depth direction at least in part of the depth direction of the slit 210. It has a narrow portion 310.
- the cross-sectional shape of the slit 210 of the first embodiment will be described in more detail.
- the slit 210 of the first embodiment has a bottom wall 32 that connects lower ends (bottom side) of the pair of side walls 31.
- the bottom wall 32 has a flat surface parallel to the surface of the frame body 22.
- the pair of side walls 31 are inclined with respect to the depth direction, and the interval between the side walls 31 is gradually narrowed toward the depth direction (from the opening 33 to the bottom wall 32).
- Each side wall 31 has an inclined surface from the opening 33 to the bottom wall 32, and the inclined surface is a flat surface.
- the inclination angle ⁇ with respect to the depth direction of each side wall 31 (inclined surface) is substantially equal.
- the narrow portion 310 is formed over the entire depth direction, and the cross-sectional shape of the slit is such that the opening 33 is a long side and the bottom wall 32 is a short side.
- the shape (specifically, isosceles trapezoidal shape).
- the interval between the side walls 31 at an arbitrary position in the depth direction is equal to or less than the interval between the side walls 31 on the opening 33 side than the position. That is, the interval between the side walls 31 is equal to or smaller than the width of the opening 33 over the entire depth direction, and is widest at the opening 33 and narrowest at the bottom wall 32 side.
- the angle ⁇ of the corner portion 34 formed by the side wall 31 and the bottom wall 32 is more than 90 ° and less than 180 °, for example, 91 ° to 120 °, preferably 95 ° to 110 °. Can be mentioned.
- the inclination angle ⁇ with respect to the depth direction of the side wall 31 (inclined surface) is, for example, 1 ° to 45 °, further 30 ° or less, preferably 5 ° to 20 °.
- the width w of the opening 33 is, for example, 0.1 mm or more, particularly 0.5 mm or more and 20 mm or less, and further 1.0 mm or more and 8.0 mm or less.
- the depth h (the length in the depth direction from the opening 33 to the bottom wall 32) is, for example, not less than 0.1 mm, particularly not less than 0.5 mm and not more than 10 mm, more preferably not less than 1.0 mm and not more than 5.0 mm. It is done.
- the frame body 22 (cell frame 20) according to the first embodiment has a narrow portion 310 at least in the depth direction of the slit 210, and convection of the electrolytic solution that moves along the inclined surface of the side wall 31. Can be promoted. Since the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrolyte solution by convection is improved, the heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the slit can be improved, and the temperature rise of the electrolyte solution can be suppressed. As a result, precipitation of the electrolyte component can be suppressed.
- the side wall 31 is inclined with respect to the depth direction, the entire side wall 31 is an inclined surface, and the narrow portion 310 is formed over the entire depth direction.
- the electrolyte solution is easy to convect, and the heat dissipation effect of the electrolyte solution by convection is high. Furthermore, since the angle ⁇ formed between the side wall 31 and the bottom wall 32 is 91 ° or more and 120 ° or less, the electrolyte solution easily convects along the inclined surface of the side wall 31 at the corner portion 34, and in the vicinity of the corner portion 34. Heat dissipation from the electrolyte can be promoted.
- the slit 210 of the first embodiment has a trapezoidal cross section (specifically, isosceles trapezoidal shape), and has the same cross-sectional area as that of a conventional slit having a square cross section.
- the circumference becomes longer. Therefore, the contact area with the electrolytic solution is increased, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrolytic solution due to heat conduction is improved.
- the cross-sectional shape of the slit 210 is an isosceles trapezoid
- the pair of side walls 31 constituting the narrow portion 310 are inclined with respect to the depth direction
- the interval between the side walls 31 faces the depth direction.
- the narrowing form As a modification of the first embodiment, one of the pair of side walls 31 may be inclined with respect to the depth direction, and the other side wall 31 may be along the depth direction. Further, the inclination angle ⁇ of each side wall 31 may be different.
- Embodiment 2 In Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 4, the corner
- the corner portion 34 is formed into a curved surface, so that the electrolyte solution easily convects along the corner portion 34 and heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the corner portion 34 is promoted.
- the radius of curvature r of the corner portion 34 is, for example, from 0.1 mm to 10 mm, and further from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the inclined surface of the side wall 31 which comprises the narrow part 310 is a curved surface.
- the inclined surface of the side wall 31 is a curved surface, the convection of the electrolyte moving along the inclined surface can be further promoted, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the electrolyte due to the convection is further improved.
- the shape of the curved surface include an arc shape and an elliptic arc shape.
- the bottom wall 32 has a curved surface protruding in the depth direction.
- the electrolyte solution easily convects along the curved surface of the bottom wall 32 and heat dissipation of the electrolyte solution in the vicinity of the bottom wall 32 is promoted.
- Embodiment 5 In Embodiment 5 shown in FIG. 7, the whole surface of the side wall 31 and the bottom wall 32 is formed in the curved surface shape.
- the entire surfaces of the side wall 31 and the bottom wall 32 are curved, that is, the entire wall surface of the slit 210 is formed into a curved surface, the electrolytic solution easily convects along the wall surface (side wall 31 and bottom wall 32), and electrolysis by convection occurs. The heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid is further improved.
- Examples of the cross-sectional shape of the slit 210 include a semicircular shape and a semi-elliptical shape. In the case of the slit 210 shown in FIG.
- the form having the bottom wall 32 has been described.
- the cross-sectional shape of the slit is a triangular shape having the bottom as the apex and the opening 33 as the base (specific example). , Isosceles triangle shape).
- the entire surface of the side wall 31 is an inclined surface, and the form which has the narrow part 310 over the whole depth direction was demonstrated,
- a part of side wall 31 is an inclined surface and the depth direction
- the narrow portion 310 may be formed in a part of the side wall, and the interval between the side walls 31 may be substantially constant in the other part.
- the upper end (opening 33 side) of the side wall 31 is inclined, and a form having a narrow portion 310 on the opening 33 side, or as shown in FIG.
- the form which has the narrow part 310 in the bottom wall 32 side inclines the lower end (bottom wall 32 side) of the side wall 31 is mentioned. In the case of FIG.
- the interval between the side walls 31 is constant in the portion closer to the bottom wall 32 than the narrow portion 310, and in the case of FIG. 8B, in the portion from the opening 33 to the narrow portion 310, The interval between the side walls 31 is equal to the width of the opening 33.
- the center of the side wall 31 may incline and the narrow part 310 may be formed in the middle of the depth direction.
- the number of the narrow portions 310 is not limited to one and may be plural.
- the form which has the narrow part 310 in the opening part 33 side and the bottom wall 32 side is mentioned, for example.
- the inclination angle of the side wall 31 (inclined surface) in each narrow portion 310 may be the same or different.
- a redox flow battery including the cell frame according to the embodiment described above will be described.
- the cell frame When the cell frame is applied to a redox flow battery, it is used in the form of a cell stack (see FIG. 11) in which a plurality of cell frames, positive electrodes, ion exchange membranes, and negative electrodes are stacked. And it is mentioned that a redox flow battery is set as the structure provided with this cell stack.
- the frame body and cell frame of the present invention can be suitably used as a component part of a redox flow battery.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、枠体に設けられたスリットでの電解液成分の析出を抑制するため、スリット内の電解液の放熱を改善して電解液の温度上昇を抑制できるスリットの断面形状について検討を試みた。「スリットの断面形状」とは、電解液の流通方向に直交する断面の形状を意味し、当該断面において、スリットを構成する壁面と開口部とで囲まれる閉領域で表される。以下の説明において、特に断りがない限り、「スリットの断面」とは、電解液の流通方向に直交する断面を意味する。
本発明の実施形態に係る枠体、並びにレドックフロー電池用セルフレームの具体例を、以下に図面を参照しつつ説明する。図中の同一符号は同一又は相当部分を示す。なお、本発明はこれらの例示に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
〈枠体〉
図1~図3を参照して、実施形態1に係る枠体及びセルフレームについて説明する。図1に例示する枠体22は、互いに対向する一対の長片22Lと、長片22Lの端部同士を繋ぐ一対の短片22Sとを有する矩形枠状であり、その内側に開口22oが形成されている。この開口22oには、後述する双極板21が嵌め込まれる。枠体22は、例えば塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、フッ素樹脂、エポキシ樹脂などのプラスチックやゴムで形成することが挙げられる。
マニホールド201,202は枠体22の一方の長片22L(図1では下側の長片)に形成され、マニホールド203,204は枠体22の他方の長片22L(図1では上側の長片)に形成されている。スリット211,213は枠体22の一面側に形成され、スリット212,214は枠体22の他面側に形成されている。各スリット211~214の一端はそれぞれ各マニホールド201~204に繋がり、他端は開口22oに繋がっており、各スリット211~214はそれぞれ、各マニホールド201~204と枠体22の内側に形成された開口22oとを接続する。
図2を参照して、図1に示す実施形態1に係る枠体を備えるセルフレームについて説明する。図2に例示するセルフレーム20は、枠体22と、枠体22の開口22o(図1参照)に嵌め込まれる双極板21とを備える。セルフレーム20は、双極板21の周縁部を表裏から挟むように枠体22が形成され、双極板21の外周に枠体22が射出成形などにより一体化されている。枠体22の開口22oに双極板21が嵌め込まれることで、枠体22及び双極板21により凹部(チャンバー24)が形成される。具体的には、セルフレーム20は、枠体22の内周面及び双極板21の表面により枠体22の内側に電極(図示せず)が収納されるチャンバー24が形成されている。図2では、セルフレーム20の一面側(紙面表側)のチャンバー24のみ図示しているが、他面側(紙面裏側)にもチャンバーが形成されている。セルフレーム20の一面側のチャンバーに正極電極、他面側のチャンバーに負極電極が収納され、双極板21の一面側に正極電極、他面側に負極電極が配置される(図11参照)。双極板21には、プラスチックカーボン製のものが利用できる。
セルフレーム20には、枠体22のスリット211~214が形成された部分に、イオン交換膜(図11参照)を保護するプラスチック製の保護板40が配置されていてもよい。保護板40は、各スリット211~214を覆うように枠体22の長片22Lの表面にそれぞれ配置され、各保護板40には、各マニホールド201~204に対応する位置に貫通孔又は切欠きが形成されている。図2に例示する保護板40の場合、正極電解液用のスリット211,213が形成された枠体22の一面側に配置される保護板40については、正極電解液用のマニホールド201,203に対して円形状の貫通孔が形成され、負極電解液用のマニホールド202,204に対しては矩形状の切欠きが形成されている。逆に、負極電解液用のスリット212,214が形成された枠体22の他面側に配置される保護板40では、正極電解液用のマニホールド201,203に対して矩形状の切欠きが形成され、負極電解液用のマニホールド202,204に対しては円形状の貫通孔が形成されている。この保護板40によって、セルフレーム20を用いてレドックスフロー電池のセル(図11参照)を構成したとき、各スリット211~214がイオン交換膜に接触することがなくなり、スリットの凹凸によってイオン交換膜が損傷することを防止できる。図2では、枠体22の一面側に形成されたスリット211,213を覆う保護板40のみ図示しているが、枠体22の他面側にも保護板が配置されており、スリット212,214が保護板で覆われている。
図3は、実施形態1に係る枠体(セルフレーム)におけるスリット210の断面形状を示している。スリット210は、電解液の流通方向に直交する断面において、互いに対向する一対の側壁31を有し、スリット210の深さ方向の少なくとも一部に、側壁31の間隔が深さ方向に狭くなる幅狭部310を有する。以下、実施形態1のスリット210の断面形状について、より詳しく説明する。
実施形態1に係る枠体22(セルフレーム20)は、スリット210の深さ方向の少なくとも一部に幅狭部310を有しており、側壁31の傾斜面に沿って移動する電解液の対流を促進できる。対流による電解液の放熱効率が向上するため、スリット内の電解液の放熱を改善でき、電解液の温度上昇を抑制できる。その結果、電解液成分の析出を抑制できる。特に、側壁31が深さ方向に対して傾斜し、側壁31の全面が傾斜面となっており、深さ方向の全体に亘って幅狭部310が形成されていることから、側壁31に沿って電解液が対流し易く、対流による電解液の放熱効果が高い。更に、側壁31と底壁32とのなす角度αが91°以上120°以下であることで、角部34において、側壁31の傾斜面に沿って電解液が対流し易く、角部34近傍での電解液からの放熱を促進できる。
実施形態1では、スリット210の断面形状が等脚台形状であり、幅狭部310を構成する一対の側壁31が深さ方向に対して互いに傾斜し、側壁31の間隔が深さ方向に向かって狭くなる形態を説明した。実施形態1の変形例として、一対の側壁31のうち、一方の側壁31が深さ方向に対して傾斜し、他方の側壁31が深さ方向に沿っていてもよい。また、各側壁31の傾斜角度βが異なっていてもよい。
図4に示す実施形態2では、側壁31と底壁32との角部34が曲面状に形成されている。
図5に示す実施形態3では、幅狭部310を構成する側壁31の傾斜面が曲面である。
図6に示す実施形態4では、底壁32が深さ方向に突出する曲面を有する。
図7に示す実施形態5では、側壁31と底壁32の全面が曲面状に形成されている。
上述の実施形態では、底壁32を有する形態を説明したが、底壁を有さない形態、例えば、スリットの断面形状が、底部を頂点とし、開口部33を底辺とする三角形状(具体例、二等辺三角形状)であってもよい。
101 イオン交換膜
102 正極セル 104 正極電極
103 負極セル 105 負極電極
106 正極電解液用タンク
108,110 導管 112 ポンプ
107 負極電解液用タンク
109,111 導管 113 ポンプ
20 セルフレーム
21 双極板 22 枠体
22L 長片 22S 短片 22o 開口
24 チャンバー
200 マニホールド
201,202 給液マニホールド
203,204 排液マニホールド
210 スリット
211,212 給液スリット
213,214 排液スリット
31 側壁 310幅狭部
32 底壁
33 開口部 34 角部
40 保護板
50 シール部材
10S セルスタック
250 エンドプレート
300 レドックスフロー電池(RF電池)
Claims (11)
- レドックスフロー電池のセルに用いられる枠体であって、
前記枠体の内側に形成された開口と、
電解液が流通するマニホールドと、
前記マニホールドと前記開口とを接続し、前記マニホールドと前記開口との間で前記電解液の流路を形成するスリットとを備え、
前記スリットは、前記電解液の流通方向に直交する断面において、互いに対向する一対の側壁を有し、
前記スリットの深さ方向の少なくとも一部に、前記側壁の間隔が深さ方向に狭くなる幅狭部を有する枠体。 - 前記スリットは、底壁を有し、
前記底壁は、前記枠体の表面に平行な平坦面を有する請求項1に記載の枠体。 - 少なくとも一方の前記側壁と前記底壁とのなす角度が91°以上120°以下である請求項2に記載の枠体。
- 少なくとも一方の前記側壁と前記底壁との角部が曲面状に形成されている請求項2又は請求項3に記載の枠体。
- 前記幅狭部において、前記側壁の少なくとも一方は、深さ方向に対して傾斜する傾斜面を有し、前記傾斜面が平面である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の枠体。
- 前記幅狭部において、前記側壁の少なくとも一方は、深さ方向に対して傾斜する傾斜面を有し、前記傾斜面が曲面である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の枠体。
- 前記スリットは、底壁を有し、
前記底壁は、前記スリットの深さ方向に突出する曲面を有する請求項1に記載の枠体。 - 前記側壁と前記底壁の全面が曲面状に形成されている請求項7に記載の枠体。
- 前記スリットの深さ方向の任意の位置における前記側壁の間隔が、その位置よりも開口部側における前記側壁の間隔に対して同等以下である請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の枠体。
- 請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の枠体と、
前記枠体の開口に嵌め込まれる双極板とを備え、
前記枠体及び前記双極板により前記枠体の内側にチャンバーが形成されているレドックスフロー電池用セルフレーム。 - 請求項10に記載のレドックスフロー電池用セルフレームを備えるレドックスフロー電池。
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JP2016535757A JP6008224B1 (ja) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | 枠体、レドックスフロー電池用セルフレーム及びレドックスフロー電池 |
EP15880673.7A EP3113272B1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | Frame body, cell frame for redox flow battery, and redox flow battery |
US15/117,630 US10305121B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | Frame body, cell frame for redox flow battery, and redox flow battery |
CN201580014752.6A CN106471658B (zh) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | 框架本体、用于氧化还原液流电池的单元框架和氧化还原液流电池 |
KR1020167023707A KR102379880B1 (ko) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | 프레임, 레독스 플로우 전지용 셀 프레임 및 레독스 플로우 전지 |
AU2015381015A AU2015381015B2 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | Frame body, cell frame for redox flow battery, and redox flow battery |
DE212015000116.4U DE212015000116U1 (de) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-08-20 | Rahmenkörper, Zellenrahmen für eine Redox-Flussbatterie und Redox-Flussbatterie |
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