WO2016161930A1 - 浮体单元及由浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统 - Google Patents

浮体单元及由浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统 Download PDF

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WO2016161930A1
WO2016161930A1 PCT/CN2016/078521 CN2016078521W WO2016161930A1 WO 2016161930 A1 WO2016161930 A1 WO 2016161930A1 CN 2016078521 W CN2016078521 W CN 2016078521W WO 2016161930 A1 WO2016161930 A1 WO 2016161930A1
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floating body
water
floating
support
unit
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PCT/CN2016/078521
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French (fr)
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陈佳宇
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陈佳宇
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices

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  • the invention relates to a waterline support device, in particular to a waterline support system which uses a plurality of floating body units suspended in water to be arranged at intervals, and a transmission line or a gas pipeline is arranged at the upper end of the support rod of the floating body unit.
  • Ocean energy belongs to clean energy, mainly including wind energy, wave energy, solar energy and ocean current energy.
  • the ocean can have a large amount of reserves in the total ocean water, and the energy per unit volume and unit area is small. In other words, if you want more energy, you have to get it from a large area of sea or a lot of sea water.
  • Ocean energy is renewable and can be said to be inexhaustible.
  • the ocean accounts for 70% of the Earth's surface and is the largest solar and wind energy absorber.
  • the ocean's wave energy reserves are huge.
  • the moving waves contain about 300,000 kilowatts of energy, and the global wave energy that can be developed is about 3 billion kilowatts.
  • the wind speed over the Chinese sea is estimated to be more than 7 m / s per year, that is, the wind power density is more than 200 watts per square meter.
  • the higher the wind power density the total wind energy resources are very considerable.
  • the annual average wave height is more than 2 meters. From this, it is estimated that the annual average wind power density above 70 meters is about 600 watts per square meter.
  • the wind energy and wave energy resources in China's seas are very rich and have commercial development value.
  • the floating offshore power generation platform includes a platform main body, a floating body wave energy collecting device, a sea breeze energy collecting device, and a power generating device.
  • the fluid kinetic energy collected by all energy harvesting devices can be synchronously coupled and concentrated. It is expected to realize commercial applications that are safe, long-lived, large-scale, easy to maintain, and low-cost.
  • the floating power generation platform greatly increases the available sea area.
  • the invention is difficult to manufacture and high in cost, and has a large self-weight and a limited load.
  • the main body of the platform floats on the sea surface, and the survivability against strong sea waves is low.
  • the floating wind power base station is 120 meters high and was towed by three tugs to the sea more than 20 kilometers away from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.
  • the floating wind power base station has high cost and cannot comprehensively utilize wave energy and solar energy.
  • the electrical energy produced at sea is usually transported to the mainland by underwater cables. Natural gas produced at sea is generally transported by ship to a port in the mainland after compression or cryogenic liquefaction. At present, there is no public technical solution for the production of hydrogen from the sea using pipelines to the mainland.
  • a floating body unit comprising a floating body provided with a hollow closed inner cavity, a support body and a ballast device for increasing the weight of the floating body;
  • the ballast device comprises a weighted block detachably connected to the floating body, or
  • the water inlet and outlet device for injecting or discharging water into the floating body;
  • the water inlet and outlet device comprises a pump and an inlet and outlet interface provided on the floating body unit, the inlet and outlet interface is connected with the inner cavity of the floating body, and the inlet and outlet interfaces are provided with control a valve;
  • the support body and the floating body are configured as a unitary structure, or the support body is connected and fixed to the floating body by a detachable mounting manner;
  • the floating body unit can float on the water surface; and the floating body unit is mounted or removed by a load, Or, injecting or discharging an appropriate amount of water into the body cavity of the floating body through the water inlet and drainage device,
  • the floating body unit may be sunk or
  • the support body includes a plurality of support columns disposed on the floating body, and at least one buoyancy balance support column is disposed in the support column, and the buoyancy balance support column is configured as a hollow structure, and the unit volume thereof The buoyancy generated in the water is greater than its own weight; when the floating body is suspended below the surface of the water, at least a portion of the buoyant balance support column is exposed and held on the surface of the water.
  • the floating body and the support body are respectively provided with connecting devices, and the floating body is connected to the mooring device or other floating body unit through a connecting device; the supporting body is connected to the load or other floating body unit through the connecting device.
  • the floating body is made of reinforced concrete, high-strength composite material or metal material, and the floating body is set to be spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the floating body unit is provided with a power line interface, a signal line interface, a compressed gas pipeline interface, and a hatch for accessing personnel or equipment; a water level monitoring device is provided in the floating body, and the water level monitoring device and The signal line interface circuit is connected.
  • a waterline support system consisting of a floating body unit includes a plurality of floating body units arranged in a row at intervals in the water, the support body of the floating body unit is provided as a support rod, and the upper end of the support rod is provided with a connector for installing or erecting a pipeline;
  • the floating body floats on the water surface or is suspended under the water surface, and the upper end of the support rod is held on the water surface; the floating body is fixed to the bottom by an anchor chain or a cable.
  • the floating body is suspended under the water surface, and the sum of the total weight of the floating body unit and its own weight is less than the buoyancy received, so that the anchor chain or the cable is straightened and subjected to an upward pulling force.
  • the upper end of the floating body unit support rod is connected to the power line through a connector.
  • the upper end of the floating body unit support rod is connected to the gas transmission pipe through a connector; and the reinforcing wire rope is connected between the adjacent floating body unit support rods.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts a floating body unit suspended in water as a supporting base of a water pipeline, and a power transmission line or a gas transmission pipeline is arranged at an upper end of the support member of the floating body unit, and the system can be used for the sea.
  • the electricity and gas energy produced is transported to the mainland through pipelines erected over the sea.
  • the floating body unit of the invention has relatively low manufacturing cost, high strength, is convenient for standardization, mass production and implementation, and the floating body is suspended under the sea surface, is less affected by wind and waves, and has the ability to withstand the adverse sea conditions, thereby ensuring the overall facilities of the sea. safe operation.
  • the invention provides a new and feasible way for transporting marine energy, and provides an economically viable solution for large-scale, commercial development and utilization of marine energy and marine resources.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • the floating body unit comprises a floating body 1 provided with a hollow closed inner cavity, a support body 2 and a ballast device for increasing the weight of the floating body body; the ballast device comprises a detachable connection with the floating body 1 The weight 3, or an inlet and outlet device for injecting or discharging water into the floating body 1.
  • Drainage device The utility model comprises a pump and an inlet and outlet interface provided on the floating body unit, the inlet and outlet interface is connected with the inner cavity of the floating body 1 , and the inlet and outlet interface is provided with a control valve.
  • the support body 2 and the floating body 1 are configured as a unitary structure, or the support body 2 is connected and fixed to the floating body 1 by a detachable mounting manner; the floating body unit can float on the water surface 5; the floating body unit can be loaded or removed by loading, or By injecting or discharging an appropriate amount of water into the inner cavity of the floating body 1 through the water inlet and outlet device, the floating body unit can be sunk or raised; when the floating body 1 is submerged and suspended under the water surface 5, at least a part of the supporting body 2 is exposed. And keep it on the water.
  • the support body 2 is set as a buoyancy balance support column, and the buoyancy balance support column is set as a hollow structure, and the buoyancy generated per unit volume in water is greater than its own weight; the floating body 1 is suspended under the water surface. At least a portion of the buoyancy balance support post is exposed and held on the water surface.
  • the floating body 1 and the support body 2 are respectively provided with connecting means, and the floating body is connected to the mooring device or other floating body unit through the connecting device; the supporting body 2 is connected to the load or other floating body unit through the connecting device.
  • the connecting device comprises a screw, a nut connecting mechanism, a rotating auxiliary connecting mechanism, an elastic connecting mechanism, a sliding rail connecting mechanism, and further comprises a connecting ring, a connecting hole and a connecting hook.
  • the floating body of the present invention is made of reinforced concrete, high-strength composite material or metal material, and the floating body is set to be spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, cubic or rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the floating body 1 is formed in a spherical shape and made of reinforced concrete.
  • the floating body unit is provided with a power line interface, a signal line interface, a compressed gas pipeline interface, and a door for personnel or equipment to enter and exit; the floating body 1 is provided with a water level monitoring device, and the water level monitoring device is connected with the signal line interface circuit.
  • the positioning or connection manner of the floating body unit in the water in this embodiment includes one or more of the following: 1 the floating body is fixed to the bottom by an anchor chain or a cable; 2 the floating unit is connected to the fixing in the water through the anchor chain or the cable and Fixed; 3 floating body is detachably connected to several weights; 4 floating body unit is connected and fixed with the fixture in the water through the rigid connecting member.
  • a waterline support system consisting of a floating body unit, comprising a plurality of water-series support systems arranged in sequence
  • the floating body unit, the support body 2 of the floating body unit is provided as a support rod, and the upper end of the support rod is provided with a connector for installing or erecting the pipeline; the floating body 1 floats on the water surface or is suspended under the water surface, and the upper end of the support rod is maintained on the water surface
  • the floating body 1 is fixed to the bottom of the water by a chain or cable 4.
  • the floating body 1 is suspended under the water surface, and the sum of the total weight of the floating body unit and its own weight is less than the buoyancy received, so that the anchor chain or the cable 4 is straightened and subjected to an upward pulling force.
  • the upper end of the floating body unit support rod is connected to the power transmission line 7 through a connector.
  • the upper end of the floating body unit support rod is connected to the gas transmission pipe 8 through a connector, and the reinforcing wire rope 6 is connected between the adjacent floating body unit support rods.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
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Abstract

浮体单元及由浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统，浮体单元包括浮体本体（1）、支承体（2）和压载装置，浮体单元通过安装或移去负载下沉或上升；浮体本体（1）悬浮在水下时，支承体（2）的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。管线支撑系统包括若干在水中依次间隔排列的浮体单元，支承杆上端设有用于安装或架设管线的连接器，浮体本体（1）通过缆绳（4）固定在水底，缆绳（4）拉直并承受向上的拉力。支承杆上端架设输电线（7）或输气管道（8），将海上生产的电能和气体输送到大陆。浮体本体悬浮在海面下，受风浪的影响小，具备抵御恶劣海况的能力。

Description

浮体单元及由浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统 技术领域
本发明涉及水上管线支撑装置，尤其是一种采用若干悬浮在水中的浮体单元依次间隔排列，并在浮体单元的支承杆上端架设输电线或输气管道的水上管线支撑系统。
背景技术
目前，人类利用能源的方式面临转型升级，特别是我国以燃煤为主的发电方式迫切需要用清洁能源取代。海洋能属于清洁能源，主要包括风能、波浪能、太阳能和海流能等，海洋能在海洋总水体中的蕴藏量巨大，而单位体积、单位面积所拥有的能量较小。也就是说，要想得到更多能量，就得从大面积海面或大量的海水中获得。海洋能具有可再生性，可以说取之不尽，用之不竭。
海洋占地球表面的70％，是最大的太阳能和风能吸收器。海洋的波浪能储量巨大，在每平方公里的海面上，运动着的海浪蕴藏约30万千瓦的能量，全球可供开发的波浪能约30亿千瓦。
据研究报告，中国海域上空的风速估计常年在7米/秒以上，即风能功率密度在每平方米200瓦以上，离岸越运，风能功率密度越高，总风能资源非常可观。在上海向东150公里的海域，年平均波浪高度在2米以上，由此推算，那里70米高上空年平均风能功率密度在每平方米六百瓦左右。总的来说，中国海域的风能和波浪能资源非常丰富，具有商业开发价值。
中国专利CN201210149837.3，于2012年5月2日公开了一种钢筋水泥结构 的漂浮式海上发电平台，包括平台主体、浮体式波浪能收集装置、海风能量收集装置、发电装置。所有能量收集装置收集的流体运动能量都能同步偶合、集中发电。可望实现安全、长寿命、规模化、维护方便、低成本的商业化应用。漂浮式的发电平台使可利用的海域面积大大增加。但该发明的制造难度大、成本高，其自重较大，负载受限，平台主体漂浮在海面上，抵御海上强风浪的生存能力较低。
据报道，2013年11月12日，世界第一座海上浮动式风力发电基站在日本福岛县近海投入运营。该浮动式风力发电基站高120米，被三艘拖轮拖到距离福岛第一核电站20余公里的海上，并开始发电。该浮动式风力发电基站的成本高，不能综合利用波浪能和太阳能。
目前，海上生产的电能通常采用水下电缆向大陆输送。海上生产的天然气一般是压缩或低温液化后，通过船向大陆的港口运输。海上生产的氢气目前未见采用管道向大陆输送的公开技术方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种采用若干悬浮在水中的浮体单元依次间隔排列，并在浮体单元的支承杆上端架设输电线或输气管道的水上管线支撑系统。利用该系统可以将海上生产的电能和气体能源通过海面上空架设的管线输送到大陆。
本发明的目的是通过采用以下技术方案来实现的：
一种浮体单元，包括设有中空密闭内腔的浮体本体、支承体和用于增加浮体本体承载重量的压载装置；所述压载装置包括与浮体本体可拆卸连接的配重块，或，用于向浮体本体内注入或排出水的进排水装置；所述进排水装置包括泵和设在浮体单元上的进排水接口，进排水接口与浮体本体的内腔连通，进排水接口设有控制阀；所述支承体与浮体本体设为整体结构，或，支承体通过可拆卸的安装方式与浮体本体连接和固定；所述浮体单元能够浮在水面上；浮体单元通过安装或移去负载，或，通过所述进排水装置向浮体本体内腔中注入或排出适量的水， 可以使浮体单元下沉或上升；当浮体本体淹没并悬浮在水面下时，所述支承体的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述支承体包括若干设在浮体本体上的支承柱，所述支承柱中至少设有一根浮力平衡支承柱，该浮力平衡支承柱设为中空结构，其单位体积在水中产生的浮力大于其自身的重量；所述浮体本体悬浮在水面下时，浮力平衡支承柱的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体本体和支承体分别设有连接装置，浮体本体通过连接装置与系泊装置或其它浮体单元连接；所述支承体通过连接装置与负载或其它浮体单元连接。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体本体由钢筋混凝土、高强度复合材料或金属材料制成，浮体本体设为球形、圆柱形、椭圆形、立方体或长方体结构。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体单元设有电源线接口、信号线接口、压缩气体管道接口以及用于人员或设备出入的舱门；浮体本体内设有水位监测装置，水位监测装置与所述信号线接口电路连接。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体单元在水中的定位或连接方式包括下述的一种或一种以上：①浮体本体通过锚链或缆绳固定在水底；②浮体单元通过锚链或缆绳与水中的固定物连接和固定；③浮体本体上可拆卸连接若干配重块；④浮体单元通过刚性连接构件与水中的固定物连接和固定。
一种由浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统，包括若干在水中依次间隔排列的浮体单元，所述浮体单元的支承体设为支承杆，支承杆的上端设有用于安装或架设管线的连接器；所述浮体本体浮在水面上或悬浮在水面下，支承杆的上端保持在水面上；浮体本体通过锚链或缆绳固定在水底。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体本体悬浮在水面下，浮体单元承载的全部重量与其自重之和小于所受到的浮力，从而使所述锚链或缆绳拉直并承受向上的拉力。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体单元支承杆的上端通过连接器与输电线连接。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述浮体单元支承杆的上端通过连接器与输气管道连接；相邻浮体单元支承杆之间连接有加强钢丝绳。
本发明的有益效果是：相对于现有技术，本发明采用悬浮在水中的浮体单元作为水上管线的支撑基础，在浮体单元支承杆的上端架设输电线或输气管道，利用该系统可以将海上生产的电能和气体能源通过海面上空架设的管线输送到大陆。
本发明浮体单元的制造成本相对较低，强度高，便于标准化、大批量制造和实施，浮体本体悬浮在海面下，受风浪的影响小，具备抵御恶劣海况的能力，从而能够保证海上整体设施的安全运行。本发明为输送海上能源另辟蹊径，为大规模、商业化开发利用海洋能源与海洋资源提供了经济可行的解决方案。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图中：1、浮体本体，2、支承体，3、配重块，4、缆绳，5、水面，6、钢丝绳，7、输电线，8、输气管道。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
如图1所示，浮体单元，包括设有中空密闭内腔的浮体本体1、支承体2和用于增加浮体本体承载重量的压载装置；压载装置包括与浮体本体1可拆卸连接的配重块3，或，用于向浮体本体1内注入或排出水的进排水装置。进排水装置 包括泵和设在浮体单元上的进排水接口，进排水接口与浮体本体1的内腔连通，进排水接口设有控制阀。支承体2与浮体本体1设为整体结构，或，支承体2通过可拆卸的安装方式与浮体本体1连接和固定；浮体单元能够浮在水面5上；浮体单元通过安装或移去负载，或，通过所述进排水装置向浮体本体1内腔中注入或排出适量的水，可以使浮体单元下沉或上升；当浮体本体1淹没并悬浮在水面5下时，支承体2的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。
本实施例中，所述支承体2设为一根浮力平衡支承柱，该浮力平衡支承柱设为中空结构，其单位体积在水中产生的浮力大于其自身的重量；浮体本体1悬浮在水面下时，浮力平衡支承柱的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。浮体本体1和支承体2分别设有连接装置，浮体本体通过连接装置与系泊装置或其它浮体单元连接；支承体2通过连接装置与负载或其它浮体单元连接。所述连接装置包括螺杆、螺母连接机构，转动副连接机构，弹性连接机构，滑动导轨连接机构，还包括连接环、连接孔以及连接钩。
本发明浮体本体由钢筋混凝土、高强度复合材料或金属材料制成，浮体本体设为球形、圆柱形、椭圆形、立方体或长方体结构。本实施例优选浮体本体1设为球形，采用钢筋混凝土制成。浮体单元设有电源线接口、信号线接口、压缩气体管道接口以及用于人员或设备出入的舱门；浮体本体1内设有水位监测装置，水位监测装置与所述信号线接口电路连接。
本实施例浮体单元在水中的定位或连接方式包括下述的一种或一种以上：①浮体本体通过锚链或缆绳固定在水底；②浮体单元通过锚链或缆绳与水中的固定物连接和固定；③浮体本体上可拆卸连接若干配重块；④浮体单元通过刚性连接构件与水中的固定物连接和固定。
一种由浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统，包括若干在水中依次间隔排列的 浮体单元，浮体单元的支承体2设为支承杆，支承杆的上端设有用于安装或架设管线的连接器；浮体本体1浮在水面上或悬浮在水面下，支承杆的上端保持在水面上；浮体本体1通过锚链或缆绳4固定在水底。
本实施例浮体本体1悬浮在水面下，浮体单元承载的全部重量与其自重之和小于所受到的浮力，从而使所述锚链或缆绳4拉直并承受向上的拉力。浮体单元支承杆的上端通过连接器与输电线7连接。作为另一种实施方式，浮体单元支承杆的上端通过连接器与输气管道8连接，相邻浮体单元支承杆之间连接有加强钢丝绳6。
上述实施例仅限于说明本发明的构思和技术方案，其目的在于让本领域的技术人员了解发明的技术特征和实施方式，并不能据此限制本发明的保护范围。凡是根据本发明技术方案所作的等同替换或等效变化，都应涵盖在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种浮体单元，其特征是：所述浮体单元包括设有中空密闭内腔的浮体本体、支承体和用于增加浮体本体承载重量的压载装置；所述压载装置包括与浮体本体可拆卸连接的配重块，或，用于向浮体本体内注入或排出水的进排水装置；
    所述进排水装置包括泵和设在浮体单元上的进排水接口，进排水接口与浮体本体的内腔连通，进排水接口设有控制阀；
    所述支承体与浮体本体设为整体结构，或，支承体通过可拆卸的安装方式与浮体本体连接和固定；
    所述浮体单元能够浮在水面上；浮体单元通过安装或移去负载，或，通过所述进排水装置向浮体本体内腔中注入或排出适量的水，可以使浮体单元下沉或上升；当浮体本体淹没并悬浮在水面下时，所述支承体的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体单元，其特征是：所述支承体包括若干设在浮体本体上的支承柱，所述支承柱中至少设有一根浮力平衡支承柱，该浮力平衡支承柱设为中空结构，其单位体积在水中产生的浮力大于其自身的重量；所述浮体本体悬浮在水面下时，浮力平衡支承柱的至少一部分露出并保持在水面上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体单元，其特征是：所述浮体本体和支承体分别设有连接装置，浮体本体通过连接装置与系泊装置或其它浮体单元连接；所述支承体通过连接装置与负载或其它浮体单元连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体单元，其特征是：所述浮体本体由钢筋混凝土、高强度复合材料或金属材料制成，浮体本体设为球形、圆柱形、椭圆形、立 方体或长方体结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体单元，其特征是：所述浮体单元设有电源线接口、信号线接口、压缩气体管道接口以及用于人员或设备出入的舱门；浮体本体内设有水位监测装置，水位监测装置与所述信号线接口电路连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的浮体单元，其特征是：所述浮体单元在水中的定位或连接方式包括下述的一种或一种以上：①浮体本体通过锚链或缆绳固定在水底；②浮体单元通过锚链或缆绳与水中的固定物连接和固定；③浮体本体上可拆卸连接若干配重块；④浮体单元通过刚性连接构件与水中的固定物连接和固定。
  7. 一种由权利要求1至6任一项所述浮体单元组成的水上管线支撑系统，包括若干在水中依次间隔排列的浮体单元，其特征是：所述浮体单元的支承体设为支承杆，支承杆的上端设有用于安装或架设管线的连接器；所述浮体本体浮在水面上或悬浮在水面下，支承杆的上端保持在水面上；浮体本体通过锚链或缆绳固定在水底。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的水上管线支撑系统，其特征是：所述浮体本体悬浮在水面下，浮体单元承载的全部重量与其自重之和小于所受到的浮力，从而使所述锚链或缆绳拉直并承受向上的拉力。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的水上管线支撑系统，其特征是：所述浮体单元支承杆的上端通过连接器与输电线连接。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的水上管线支撑系统，其特征是：所述浮体单元支承杆的上端通过连接器与输气管道连接；相邻浮体单元支承杆之间连接有加强钢丝绳。
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