WO2016158561A1 - ボイラー、これを備える蒸気発生プラント、及びボイラーの運転方法 - Google Patents
ボイラー、これを備える蒸気発生プラント、及びボイラーの運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016158561A1 WO2016158561A1 PCT/JP2016/058954 JP2016058954W WO2016158561A1 WO 2016158561 A1 WO2016158561 A1 WO 2016158561A1 JP 2016058954 W JP2016058954 W JP 2016058954W WO 2016158561 A1 WO2016158561 A1 WO 2016158561A1
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- boiler
- combustion gas
- water
- economizer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
- F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/04—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler and characterised by material, e.g. use of special steel alloy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/02—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/16—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
- F22D1/18—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged otherwise than in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways and heated indirectly
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a boiler, a steam generation plant equipped with the boiler, and a method for operating the boiler.
- the exhaust gas recovery boiler may be connected to the gas turbine in order to effectively use the heat of the exhaust gas exhausted from the gas turbine.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a gas turbine plant including a gas turbine and an exhaust heat recovery boiler.
- the gas turbine plant further includes a steam turbine that is driven by steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler, a condenser that returns the steam that has driven the steam turbine to water, and a low boiling point Rankine cycle.
- the low-boiling-medium Rankine cycle includes an evaporator that evaporates a liquid low-boiling medium, a turbine that is driven by an evaporated gaseous low-boiling medium, and a condenser that condenses the low-boiling medium that drives the turbine.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle evaporator exchanges heat between the liquid boiling point medium and the steam that drives the steam turbine to evaporate the low boiling point medium while returning the steam to water. That is, this evaporator also functions as a condenser for the steam turbine.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that can more effectively use the heat in the combustion gas.
- the boiler as the first aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: A boiler outer frame in which the combustion gas flows toward the downstream side which is the exhaust outlet side, and at least a part of the boiler outer frame is installed in the boiler outer frame to heat the water with the combustion gas and generate steam An evaporator, and water that is installed in the boiler outer frame, on the downstream side of the most downstream evaporator that is the most downstream evaporator among the one or more evaporators, and sent to the most downstream evaporator A economizer that is heated by the combustion gas, and an inflow port that is installed on the downstream side of the economizer and receives water from the outside, and water that flows into the economizer through the inflow port A low-temperature heat exchanger that heats from the combustion gas.
- heat can be recovered from the low-temperature combustion gas by the low-temperature heat exchanger.
- the boiler as the second aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the low-temperature heat exchanger is installed in the boiler outer frame.
- the boiler as the third aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is:
- a flue through which the combustion gas flowing out from the boiler outer frame flows is connected to the boiler outer frame, and the combustion from the flue is connected to the flue.
- a chimney that releases gas to the atmosphere is connected, and the low-temperature heat exchanger is installed in the chimney or in the flue.
- the boiler as the fourth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the low-temperature heat exchanger is formed of a material having higher corrosion resistance to the condensate of the combustion gas than a material forming the economizer. Yes.
- the boiler as the fifth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: In the boiler according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the economizer and the low-temperature heat exchanger are flange-connected.
- the boiler as the sixth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the economizer heats the water by exchanging heat between the combustion gas and water flowing therein, while the dew point of the combustion gas It has a heat exchange capability to cool the combustion gas to a temperature higher than the temperature, and the low temperature heat exchanger exchanges heat between the combustion gas cooled by heat exchange in the economizer and water flowing inside.
- the water while the water is heated, it has a heat exchange capability of cooling the combustion gas until the combustion gas is condensed in at least a part of the low-temperature heat exchanger.
- the boiler condenses the combustion gas in a part of the low-temperature heat exchanger, the latent heat of moisture contained in the combustion gas can also be recovered.
- the boiler as the seventh aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the low-temperature heat exchanger has a heat exchange capability of cooling the combustion gas to a temperature lower than a dew point temperature of the combustion gas.
- the latent heat of moisture contained in the combustion gas can be recovered more.
- the boiler as the eighth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is:
- the boiler includes a mist separator that separates a mist in which moisture contained in the combustion gas is liquefied from the combustion gas, and the mist separator allows the combustion gas to flow. In the downstream direction, it is disposed in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger is disposed and / or downstream of the region.
- the boiler as the ninth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is:
- the low-temperature heat exchanger has a plurality of low-temperature heat exchange units arranged in the upstream / downstream direction
- the mist separator includes a plurality of the low-temperature heat exchange units in the upstream / downstream direction. It arrange
- the boiler as the tenth aspect of the invention for achieving the above object is:
- the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange units are flange-connected to each other.
- this one low-temperature heat exchange part can be easily replaced with a new low-temperature heat exchange part.
- the boiler as the eleventh aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: A boiler outer frame in which the combustion gas flows toward the downstream side which is the exhaust outlet side, and at least a part of the boiler outer frame is installed in the boiler outer frame to heat the water with the combustion gas and generate steam An evaporator and an inlet that is installed on the downstream side of the most downstream evaporator, which is the most downstream evaporator of the one or more evaporators, and receives water from the outside.
- a economizer that heats the water that flows in from the inlet and is sent to the most downstream evaporator by the combustion gas, and the economizer heats the combustion gas and the water flowing inside While exchanging the heat, the water is heated, and at the part of the economizer, the combustion gas is cooled until the combustion gas is condensed.
- heat can be recovered from the low-temperature combustion gas using a economizer.
- the combustion gas is condensed in a part of the economizer, so that the latent heat of moisture contained in the combustion gas can also be recovered.
- the boiler as the twelfth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the economizer has a heat exchange capability for cooling the combustion gas to a temperature lower than a dew point temperature of the combustion gas.
- the latent heat of moisture contained in the combustion gas can be recovered more.
- the water supply line may supply water having a temperature lower than a dew point temperature of the combustion gas into the boiler from the inlet.
- a steam generation plant as one aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: The boiler according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, and a water supply line for supplying water into the boiler from the inflow port.
- the water supply line may supply water having a temperature lower than a dew point temperature of the combustion gas into the boiler from the inlet.
- a hot water line that guides a part of the water heated by the economizer into the water supply line may be provided.
- the steam generation plant including the hot water line may include a flow rate adjusting valve that adjusts a flow rate of water flowing through the hot water line.
- the steam generation plant includes a thermometer that detects a temperature of water in the water supply line into which water from the hot water line has flowed, and the flow rate control valve is detected by the thermometer.
- the flow rate of water flowing through the hot water line may be adjusted so that the temperature falls within a predetermined temperature range.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle in which the low boiling point medium circulates repeatedly by condensation and evaporation is provided, the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle includes the liquid low boiling point medium and the liquid You may have a heater which heat-exchanges a part of water heated with the economizer, and heats the said low boiling-point medium.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle is driven using a part of the heat of the combustion gas, so that the output and efficiency of the plant can be increased.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle in which the low boiling point medium circulates repeatedly by condensation and evaporation is provided, and the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle is a liquid
- You may have the heater which heat-exchanges the said low boiling point medium and the water which flows through the said warm water line, and heats the said low boiling point medium.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle is driven using a part of the heat of the combustion gas, so that the output and efficiency of the plant can be increased.
- a steam generation plant as a thirteenth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above-described object The boiler according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, and a low-boiling-point medium Rankine cycle in which a low-boiling-point medium circulates repeatedly through condensation and evaporation, It has a heater that heats the low boiling point medium by exchanging heat between the low boiling point medium and a part of the water heated by the economizer.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle is driven using a part of the heat of the combustion gas, so that the output and efficiency of the plant can be increased.
- the boiler may be an exhaust heat recovery boiler using exhaust gas exhausted from a gas turbine as the combustion gas.
- the gas turbine may be provided in the steam generation plant in which the boiler is an exhaust heat recovery boiler.
- a method for remodeling a boiler as one aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: A boiler outer frame in which the combustion gas flows toward the downstream side which is the exhaust outlet side, and at least a part of the boiler outer frame is installed in the boiler outer frame to heat the water with the combustion gas and generate steam An evaporator, and water that is installed in the boiler outer frame, on the downstream side of the most downstream evaporator that is the most downstream evaporator among the one or more evaporators, and sent to the most downstream evaporator A boiler that is heated by the combustion gas, in a boiler remodeling method, wherein the combustion gas supplies water to the economizer in the outer frame of the boiler and on the downstream side of the economizer Provide a low-temperature heat exchanger that heats more.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger may be formed of a material having a higher corrosion resistance to the condensate of the combustion gas than the material forming the economizer.
- the low temperature heat exchanger may be flange-connected to the economizer.
- the operation method of the boiler as the fourteenth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: A boiler outer frame in which the combustion gas flows toward the downstream side which is the exhaust outlet side, and at least a part of the boiler outer frame is installed in the boiler outer frame to heat the water with the combustion gas and generate steam An evaporator, and water that is installed in the boiler outer frame, on the downstream side of the most downstream evaporator that is the most downstream evaporator among the one or more evaporators, and sent to the most downstream evaporator And a economizer that heats the economizer with the combustion gas. A low-temperature heat exchanger that is installed on the downstream side of the economizer and heats water sent to the economizer from the combustion gas.
- the water is heated by exchanging heat between the combustion gas and water flowing therein, and the combustion gas is cooled to a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the combustion gas.
- the economizer heat exchange process In the low-temperature heat exchanger, the water is heated by exchanging heat between the combustion gas cooled by heat exchange in the economizer and water flowing therein, while at least the low-temperature heat exchanger. A low-temperature heat exchange step for cooling the combustion gas until the combustion gas is partially condensed.
- heat can be recovered from the low-temperature combustion gas by the low-temperature heat exchanger.
- the combustion gas is condensed in a part of the low-temperature heat exchanger, so that the latent heat of moisture contained in the combustion gas can also be recovered.
- the operation method of the boiler as the fifteenth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the low temperature heat exchanger is provided with the low temperature heat exchanger in the boiler outer frame.
- the operation method of the boiler as the sixteenth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: A flue through which the combustion gas flowing out from the boiler outer frame flows is connected to the boiler outer frame, and a chimney for releasing the combustion gas from the flue to the atmosphere is connected to the flue.
- the low temperature heat exchanger is installed in the chimney or in the flue.
- the operation method of the boiler as the seventeenth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: In the boiler operating method according to any one of the fourteenth to sixteenth aspects, in the upstream and downstream direction in which the combustion gas flows, in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger is disposed and / or downstream from the region. Then, a mist separation step of separating the mist in which the moisture contained in the combustion gas is liquefied from the combustion gas is performed.
- the boiler operating method as the eighteenth aspect of the invention for achieving the above object is as follows: A boiler outer frame in which the combustion gas flows toward the downstream side which is the exhaust outlet side, and at least a part of the boiler outer frame is installed in the boiler outer frame to heat the water with the combustion gas and generate steam An evaporator, and water that is installed in the boiler outer frame, on the downstream side of the most downstream evaporator that is the most downstream evaporator among the one or more evaporators, and sent to the most downstream evaporator
- a method for operating a boiler comprising a economizer that heats the combustion gas with the combustion gas, the water is heated by exchanging heat between the combustion gas and water flowing through the economizer, The economizer heat exchange process is performed to cool the combustion gas until the combustion gas is condensed in at least a part of the economizer.
- heat can be recovered from the low-temperature combustion gas by the economizer.
- the operation method of the boiler since the combustion gas is condensed in a part of the economizer, the latent heat of moisture contained in the combustion gas can also be recovered.
- the operation method of the boiler as the nineteenth aspect according to the invention for achieving the above object is as follows:
- the Rankine cycle execution step of circulating the low boiling point medium, and the water heated in the economizer Performing the heating water introduction step leading to the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle, and the water recovery step leading to the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle and returning the water that has passed through the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle to the boiler, the Rankine cycle
- the execution step includes a heating step of heating the low boiling point medium by exchanging heat between the water introduced into the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle and the liquid low boiling point medium.
- the output and efficiency of the plant including the boiler can be increased.
- the heat in the combustion gas can be used effectively.
- the steam generation plant of this embodiment includes a gas turbine 10, a generator 41, an exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n, steam turbines 121a and 121c, generators 122a and 122c, a condenser 123, and a feed water pump 124.
- the chimney 60 is provided.
- the generator 41 generates power by driving the gas turbine 10j.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110 n generates steam by the heat of the exhaust gas EG exhausted from the gas turbine 10.
- the steam turbines 121a and 121c are driven by steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n.
- the generators 122a and 122c generate power by driving the steam turbines 121a and 121c.
- the condenser 123 returns the steam that has driven the steam turbine 121a to water.
- the water supply pump 124 returns the water in the condenser 123 to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n.
- the chimney 60 releases the exhaust gas EG that has passed through the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n to the atmosphere.
- the gas turbine 10 includes a compressor 11 that compresses air A, a combustor 21 that generates fuel gas by burning fuel F in the air compressed by the compressor 11, and a turbine that is driven by high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas.
- the compressor 11 includes a compressor rotor 13 that rotates about an axis, and a compressor casing 17 that rotatably covers the compressor rotor 13.
- the turbine 31 includes a turbine rotor 33 that rotates about an axis by combustion gas from the combustor 21, and a turbine casing 37 that covers the turbine rotor 33 rotatably.
- the turbine rotor 33 includes a rotor shaft 34 extending in an axial direction parallel to the axis, and a plurality of moving blades 35 fixed to the outer periphery of the rotor shaft 34.
- a plurality of stationary blades 38 are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the turbine casing 37.
- a combustion gas flow path through which the combustion gas from the combustor 21 passes is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the turbine casing 37 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor shaft 34.
- the combustor 21 is fixed to the turbine casing 37.
- the turbine rotor 33 and the compressor rotor 13 rotate about the same axis, and are connected to each other to form a gas turbine rotor 40.
- the gas turbine rotor 40 is connected to the rotor of the generator 41 described above.
- the steam turbines 121a and 121c include a low-pressure steam turbine 121a and a high-pressure steam turbine 121c.
- Generators 122a and 122c are connected to the low-pressure steam turbine 121a and the high-pressure steam turbine 121c, respectively.
- generator 122a, 122c is connected to each steam turbine 121a, 121c here.
- the rotors of the low-pressure steam turbine 121a and the high-pressure steam turbine 121c may be connected to each other, and one generator may be connected to a total of two steam turbines.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n includes a boiler outer frame 119, a low-pressure steam generation unit 111a1 that generates low-pressure steam LS, and a high-pressure steam generation unit 111c that generates high-pressure steam HS. At least a part of each of the low-pressure steam generation unit 111a1 and the high-pressure steam generation unit 111c is set in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the boiler outer frame 119 is connected to the exhaust port of the turbine casing 37 and the chimney 60. For this reason, the combustion gas obtained by rotating the turbine rotor 33 flows from the gas turbine 10 into the boiler outer frame 119 as the exhaust gas EG.
- the exhaust gas EG passes through the boiler outer frame 119, and is discharged from the exhaust port 119e of the boiler outer frame 119 through the chimney 60 to the atmosphere.
- the exhaust port side of the boiler outer frame 119 is the downstream side of the flow of the exhaust gas EG, and the opposite side is the upstream side.
- the low-pressure steam generation part 111a1 is disposed downstream of the high-pressure steam generation part 111c.
- the low-pressure steam generator 111a1 includes a low-pressure economizer 112a that heats water, a low-pressure evaporator (most downstream evaporator) 113a that steams water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a, and a low-pressure evaporator 113a.
- a low-pressure superheater 114a that superheats the generated steam to generate low-pressure steam LS.
- the low pressure steam generator 111a1 of the present embodiment further includes a low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low pressure superheater 114a, the low pressure economizer 112a, and the low temperature heat exchanger 115a are all installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the evaporation drum which is a part of the low-pressure evaporator 113a is installed outside the boiler outer frame 119.
- the heat transfer tube, which is another part of the low-pressure evaporator 113a is installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the elements constituting the low-pressure steam generator 111a1 are arranged in the order of the low-pressure superheater 114a, the low-pressure evaporator 113a, the low-pressure economizer 112a, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a toward the downstream side.
- the upstream end of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a is flange-connected to the low pressure economizer 112a. That is, a flange is provided at the end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a on the low-pressure economizer 112a side, and a flange is also provided on the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a-side end of the low-pressure economizer 112a.
- An inlet 115i for receiving water from the outside is formed at the downstream end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is made of a material having higher corrosion resistance against the condensate of the combustion gas than the material forming the low-pressure economizer 112a.
- the low-pressure economizer 112a is made of, for example, carbon steel.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is formed of an alloy containing a metal that enhances corrosion resistance, such as chromium or nickel, such as stainless steel.
- the high-pressure steam generator 111c includes a high-pressure pump 116c that pressurizes water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a, a high-pressure economizer 112c that heats water pressurized by the high-pressure pump 116c, and a high-pressure economizer 112c. It has a high-pressure evaporator 113c that turns heated water into steam, and a high-pressure superheater 114c that superheats the steam generated in the high-pressure evaporator 113c to generate high-pressure steam HS.
- the high pressure superheater 114c and the high pressure economizer 112c are both installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the evaporation drum which is a part of the high-pressure evaporator 113c is installed outside the boiler outer frame 119.
- the heat transfer tube which is another part of the high-pressure evaporator 113c, is installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the high-pressure pump 116c is installed outside the boiler outer frame 119.
- the elements constituting the high-pressure steam generator 111c are arranged in the order of the high-pressure superheater 114c, the high-pressure evaporator 113c, and the high-pressure economizer 112c toward the downstream side.
- the low-pressure economizer 112a is connected to a low-pressure water line 117 that guides the water heated here to the low-pressure evaporator 113a.
- the low-pressure water line 117 is branched on the way. This branched line is connected to the high-pressure economizer 112c as a low-pressure water branch line 117c.
- the low-pressure water branch line 117c is provided with a high-pressure pump 116c.
- the condenser 123 and the inlet 115i of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a are connected by a water supply line 131.
- the water supply line 131 is provided with the above-described water supply pump 124.
- the low pressure superheater 114a and the steam inlet of the low pressure steam turbine 121a are connected by a low pressure steam line 132 that sends the low pressure steam LS from the low pressure superheater 114a to the low pressure steam turbine 121a.
- the steam outlet of the low-pressure steam turbine 121 a and the condenser 123 are connected to each other so that the low-pressure steam LS that drives the low-pressure steam turbine 121 a is supplied to the condenser 123.
- the high pressure superheater 114c and the steam inlet of the high pressure steam turbine 121c are connected by a high pressure steam line 138 that sends the high pressure steam HS from the high pressure superheater 114c to the high pressure steam turbine 121c.
- a high pressure steam recovery line 139 is connected to the steam outlet of the high pressure steam turbine 121c.
- the high pressure steam recovery line 139 merges with the low pressure steam line 132.
- the low-pressure water branch line 117c is branched on the high-pressure economizer 112c side from the high-pressure pump 116c. This branched line is connected as a low-pressure water circulation line 118c at a position closer to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a than the water supply pump 124 in the water supply line 131.
- the low-pressure water circulation line 118c is provided with a flow rate adjustment valve 126 that adjusts the flow rate of water flowing therethrough.
- a thermometer 127 for detecting the temperature of the water flowing therethrough is provided at a position closer to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a than the connection position with the low-pressure water circulation line 118c.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 126 adjusts the flow rate of the water flowing through the low-pressure water circulation line 118c according to the temperature of the water detected by the thermometer 127.
- the hot water line that guides a part of the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112a into the water supply line 131 includes a part of the low pressure water line 117, a part of the low pressure water branch line 117c, and a low pressure water circulation line 118c. .
- the compressor 11 of the gas turbine 10 compresses the air A and supplies the compressed air A to the combustor 21.
- the combustor 21 is also supplied with fuel F.
- the fuel F is combusted in the compressed air A, and high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is generated.
- This combustion gas is sent from the combustor 21 to the combustion gas passage in the turbine 31 to rotate the turbine rotor 33.
- the generator 41 connected to the gas turbine 10 generates power by the rotation of the turbine rotor 33.
- the combustion gas that has rotated the turbine rotor 33 is exhausted from the gas turbine 10 as exhaust gas EG, and is released from the chimney 60 to the atmosphere via the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n recovers heat contained in the exhaust gas EG in a process in which the exhaust gas EG from the gas turbine 10 passes through the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n.
- water is supplied from the water supply line 131 to the most downstream low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the water supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a includes, in some cases, a part of the water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a in addition to the water from the condenser 123.
- a part of the water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a flows into the water supply line 131 via the low-pressure water branch line 117c and the low-pressure water circulation line 118c.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 126 provided in the low-pressure water circulation line 118c supplies water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a within a range where the temperature of the water detected by the thermometer 127 does not exceed the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG. Send to water supply line 131. Therefore, water having a temperature lower than the dew point of the exhaust gas EG is supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is about 45 to 50 ° C., for example. However, this dew point temperature is an example, and if the physical property of the fuel F combusted in the combustor 21 of the gas turbine 10 is changed, the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG may be higher than 50 ° C. or 45 It may be lower than ° C. When the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is about 45 to 50 ° C., for example, water of 35 to 40 ° C. is supplied to the low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a heats water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and water flowing inside, and cools the exhaust gas EG (low-temperature heat exchange step).
- water having a temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a temperature higher than the dew point temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG is cooled until the exhaust gas EG is condensed in at least a part of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a, for example, locally in the surface of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas EG that has passed through the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is, on average, equal to or higher than its dew point temperature. That is, the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a heats the water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing inside, until the exhaust gas EG is condensed in at least a part of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a. It has a heat exchange capability for cooling the exhaust gas EG.
- the water heated by the low temperature heat exchanger 115a flows into the low pressure economizer 112a. Also in the low pressure economizer 112a, the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing inside are subjected to heat exchange, thereby heating the water and cooling the exhaust gas EG (a economizer heat exchange process). In the low pressure economizer 112a, water having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a higher temperature. Further, in the low pressure economizer 112a, the exhaust gas EG is cooled to a temperature higher than its dew point temperature. Therefore, the exhaust gas EG having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature flows into the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- a part of the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112a is further heated by the low pressure evaporator 113a to become steam.
- This steam is further heated by the low-pressure superheater 114a and supplied as low-pressure steam LS to the low-pressure steam turbine 121a via the low-pressure steam line 132.
- the steam that has driven the low-pressure steam turbine 121 a returns to water in the condenser 123.
- the water in the condenser 123 is boosted by the feed water pump 124 and sent to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110n through the feed water line 131.
- the other part of the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112a is pressurized by the high pressure pump 116c.
- a part of the water pressurized by the high-pressure pump 116c is supplied to the water supply line 131 through the low-pressure water circulation line 118c as described above.
- the other part of the water pressurized by the high-pressure pump 116c is sent to the high-pressure economizer 112c via the low-pressure water branch line 117c.
- the high pressure economizer 112c heats the water sent from the high pressure pump 116c by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas EG.
- the water heated by the high pressure economizer 112c is further heated by the high pressure evaporator 113c to become steam.
- This steam is further heated by the high-pressure superheater 114c to become high-pressure steam HS.
- the high-pressure steam HS is supplied to the high-pressure steam turbine 121c via the high-pressure steam line 138, and drives the high-pressure steam turbine 121c.
- the steam that has driven the high-pressure steam turbine 121c is supplied to the low-pressure steam turbine 121a via the high-pressure steam recovery line 139 and the low-pressure steam line 132, and drives the low-pressure steam turbine 121a.
- the steam that has driven the low-pressure steam turbine 121a returns to water in the condenser 123 as described above.
- heat can be recovered from the low-temperature exhaust gas EG by the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the exhaust gas EG is condensed in a part of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a, so that the latent heat of moisture contained in the exhaust gas EG can also be recovered. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heat in the exhaust gas EG can be used effectively, and the efficiency of the steam generation plant can be increased.
- the efficiency of the existing boiler is increased by additionally installing the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a described above. Can do.
- the exhaust gas EG is condensed in a part of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is made of stainless steel or the like having high corrosion resistance against the condensate of the exhaust gas EG, corrosion of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a due to the condensate can be suppressed.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is flange-connected to the low-pressure economizer 112a, the connection between the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a and the low-pressure economizer 112a can be easily released.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a can be easily replaced with a new low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a can be easily replaced with a new low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- 112a can be a general material. By carrying out like this, the location which uses an expensive material with high corrosion resistance is limited to the low temperature heat exchanger 115a, and it can prevent corrosion, reducing cost.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is formed of a material having high corrosion resistance such as stainless steel, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is flange-connected to the low-pressure economizer 112a.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a is formed of a material having high corrosion resistance such as stainless steel, the low temperature heat exchanger 115a does not need to be flange-connected to the low pressure economizer 112a.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is flange-connected to the low-pressure economizer 112a, the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a may not be formed of a material having high corrosion resistance such as stainless steel.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a cools the exhaust gas EG having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature to a temperature equal to or higher than the dew point temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature or the exhaust gas EG having a temperature equal to or higher than the dew point temperature may be cooled to a temperature lower than the dew point temperature by the low temperature heat exchanger.
- the heat transfer area of this low-temperature heat exchanger is the low-temperature heat exchange of this embodiment It is necessary to make it larger than the heat transfer area of the vessel 115a.
- the latent heat of moisture contained in the exhaust gas EG can be recovered more than in this embodiment.
- the steam generation plant of this embodiment is an integrated low-temperature heat exchanger 115a and low-pressure economizer 112a in the steam generation plant of the first embodiment, which is a low-pressure economizer 112d. Is the same as in the first embodiment. For this reason, the low-pressure steam generation part 111a2 in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 110o of this embodiment has the low-pressure economizer 112d, the low-pressure evaporator 113a, and the low-pressure superheater 114a, and has an independent low-temperature heat exchanger as equipment. Not done.
- an inlet 112i that receives water from the outside is formed.
- the water supply line 131 is connected to the inflow port 112i.
- a low-pressure water circulation line 118c is also connected to the water supply line 131.
- This low-pressure water circulation line 118c constitutes a part of the hot water line that guides a part of the water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112d into the water supply line 131, as in the first embodiment.
- the low-pressure water circulation line 118c is provided with a flow rate adjustment valve 126 that adjusts the flow rate of water flowing therethrough.
- a thermometer 127 for detecting the temperature of the water flowing therethrough is provided at a position closer to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a than the connection position with the low-pressure water circulation line 118c.
- water is supplied from the water supply line 131 to the most downstream low-pressure economizer 112d.
- the water supplied to the low pressure economizer 112d includes, in some cases, a part of the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112d in addition to the water from the condenser 123.
- a part of the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112d flows into the water supply line 131 through the low pressure water branch line 117c and the low pressure water circulation line 118c.
- the flow rate adjustment valve 126 provided in the low-pressure water circulation line 118c supplies water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112d within a range where the temperature of the water detected by the thermometer 127 does not exceed the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG. Send to water supply line 131. Therefore, water having a temperature lower than the dew point of the exhaust gas EG is supplied to the low pressure economizer 112d.
- the low-pressure economizer 112d heats water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing therein, while cooling the exhaust gas EG (a economizer heat exchange process).
- water having a temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a temperature higher than the dew point temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG is condensed until the exhaust gas EG is condensed in at least a part of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a, for example, locally in the surface of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a. Cool down.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas EG that has passed through the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is, on average, equal to or higher than its dew point temperature. That is, the low pressure economizer 112d heats water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing therein, while the exhaust gas EG is condensed in at least a part of the low pressure economizer 112d. It has a heat exchange capability for cooling the exhaust gas EG. Therefore, the heat transfer area of the low pressure economizer 112d of this embodiment is larger than the heat transfer area of the low pressure economizer 112a in the steam generation plant of the first embodiment.
- a part of the water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112d is further heated by the low-pressure evaporator 113a to become steam as in the steam generation plant of the first embodiment. This steam is further heated by the low-pressure superheater 114a and supplied as low-pressure steam LS to the low-pressure steam turbine 121a via the low-pressure steam line 132.
- the other part of the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112d is pressurized by the high pressure pump 116c.
- a part of the water pressurized by the high-pressure pump 116c is supplied to the water supply line 131 through the low-pressure water circulation line 118c as described above.
- the other part of the water pressurized by the high-pressure pump 116c is sent to the high-pressure economizer 112c via the low-pressure water branch line 117c.
- heat can be recovered from the low-temperature exhaust gas EG by the low-pressure economizer 112d.
- the exhaust gas EG is condensed in a part of the low-pressure economizer 112d, so that the latent heat of moisture contained in the exhaust gas EG can also be recovered. Therefore, also in this embodiment, the heat in the exhaust gas EG can be used effectively, and the efficiency of the steam generation plant can be increased.
- the low-pressure economizer 112d cools the exhaust gas EG having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature to a temperature equal to or higher than the dew point temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature may be cooled to a temperature lower than the dew point temperature by a low pressure economizer.
- the heat transfer area of the low pressure economizer is set to the low pressure economizer of the present embodiment. It is necessary to make it larger than the heat transfer area of the vessel 112d. In this way, when the exhaust gas EG is cooled to below the dew point temperature with a low-pressure economizer, the latent heat of moisture contained in the exhaust gas EG can be recovered more than in this embodiment.
- the steam generation plant of this embodiment is obtained by adding a low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 that is driven by using the heat of water heated by the low pressure economizer 112a to the steam generation plant of the first embodiment.
- Rankine cycle is a cycle that drives a turbine with steam.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 is a cycle in which the turbine 152 is driven using a medium having a lower boiling point than water (hereinafter referred to as a low boiling point medium).
- Examples of the low boiling point medium include the following substances. ⁇ Organic halogen compounds such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, monochlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and perfluorodecalin ⁇ Alkanes such as butane, propane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane and decane ⁇ Cyclic alkanes such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane Aromatic compounds-Refrigerants such as R134a and R245fa-Combinations of the above
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 includes an evaporator (heater) 151 that heats and evaporates a liquid low boiling point medium, a turbine 152 that is driven by the evaporated low boiling point medium, a condenser 153, and a low boiling point medium pump 154. And.
- a generator 159 that generates electric power by driving the turbine 152 is connected to the turbine 152.
- the condenser 153 cools and condenses the low boiling point medium that has driven the turbine 152.
- the condenser 153 is a kind of heat exchanger, and exchanges heat between a low boiling point medium and a cooling medium such as water.
- the low boiling point medium pump 154 returns the low boiling point medium condensed by the condenser 153 to the evaporator 151.
- the evaporator (heater) 151 is also a kind of heat exchanger, and exchanges heat between the liquid low-boiling-point medium and the liquid water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a.
- a low-pressure water circulation line 118c is connected to the evaporator 151 of the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150. Specifically, the heating water inlet of the evaporator 151 is connected to the low-pressure economizer 112a side of the low-pressure water circulation line 118c, and the heating water outlet of the evaporator 151 is connected to the water supply line 131 side of the low-pressure water circulation line 118c. .
- a flow rate adjustment valve 126 is provided between the evaporator 151 and the water supply line 131 in the low-pressure water circulation line 118c.
- a part of the water heated by the low-pressure economizer 112a is pressurized by the high-pressure pump 116c and then supplied to the evaporator 151 of the low-boiling-point medium Rankine cycle 150 via the low-pressure water circulation line 118c (introduction of heated water) Process).
- the evaporator 151 heat is exchanged between the liquid low boiling point medium and the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112a, the low boiling point medium is heated, and the low boiling point medium is evaporated (heating step).
- the water is cooled and flows out from the heating water outlet of the evaporator 151.
- the water that flows out from the heating water outlet of the evaporator 151 flows into the water supply line 131 through the low-pressure water circulation line 118c. This water is mixed with the water from the condenser 123, flows through the water supply line 131, and returns to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a (water recovery step).
- the low boiling point medium evaporated in the evaporator 151 drives the turbine 152 that is a component of the low boiling point Rankine cycle 150.
- the low boiling point medium that has driven the turbine 152 is sent to the condenser 153.
- heat exchange is performed between the low boiling point medium and the cooling medium, and the low boiling point medium is cooled and condensed.
- the condensed low boiling point medium is sent to the evaporator 151 by the low boiling point medium pump 154 and exchanges heat with water in the evaporator 151 as described above.
- the low boiling point medium circulates in the low boiling point Rankine cycle 150 (Rankine cycle execution step).
- the output and efficiency of the plant can be increased by driving the low-boiling-point medium Rankine cycle 150 using the heat of the exhaust gas EG.
- this embodiment adds the low boiling-point medium Rankine cycle 150 to 1st embodiment of a steam generation plant, even if it adds the low boiling-point medium Rankine cycle 150 to 2nd embodiment of a steam generation plant. Good.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 illustrated here is the most basic aspect of the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle of another aspect may be adopted.
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 in the above embodiment causes the low boiling point medium condensed in the condenser 153 and the low boiling point medium driving the turbine 152 to exchange heat, and the condensed low boiling point medium is heated.
- a vessel may be added.
- a plurality of evaporators 151 may be connected in series or in parallel to the condenser 153, and a turbine 152 may be provided for each of the plurality of evaporators 151.
- This embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a is installed in the chimney 60.
- a flue 61 is connected to the downstream end of the boiler outer frame 119.
- a chimney 60 is connected to the downstream end of the flue 61.
- the exhaust gas EG from the boiler outer frame 119 passes through the chimney 61 and the chimney 60 and is released from the chimney 60 to the atmosphere.
- a water supply line 131 is connected to the inlet 115i of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a in the present embodiment, as in the first and third embodiments.
- the upstream end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is connected to the low-pressure economizer 112a in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the connection between the upstream end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a and the low-pressure economizer 112a may be a flange connection as in the first and third embodiments, but may be a weld connection. .
- this low-temperature heat exchanger 115a may be formed of a material having higher corrosion resistance than the material forming the low-pressure economizer 112a, as in the first and third embodiments.
- water from the water supply line 131 is supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a in the chimney 60.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a heats water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG in the chimney 60 and the water flowing therein, and cools the exhaust gas EG (low temperature heat exchange step).
- water having a temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a temperature higher than the dew point temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG is cooled until the exhaust gas EG is condensed in at least a part of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a, for example, locally in the surface of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a also heats the water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing in the interior, as in the first and third embodiments, while at least the low temperature heat exchanger 115a. It has a heat exchange capability of cooling the exhaust gas EG until the exhaust gas EG is partially condensed.
- the water heated by the low temperature heat exchanger 115a flows into the low pressure economizer 112a.
- the low-pressure economizer 112a as in the above embodiments, the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing inside are heat-exchanged to heat the water while cooling the exhaust gas EG (the economizer heat exchange step). ).
- water having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a higher temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG is cooled to a temperature higher than its dew point temperature.
- this embodiment also includes the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 as in the third embodiment, by driving the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 using the heat of the exhaust gas EG, the output of the plant and Efficiency can be increased.
- the boiler outer frame 119 is extended and compared with the case where the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the boiler outer frame 119 can be omitted and the installation space for the steam generation plant can be reduced.
- This embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115 a is installed in the flue 61.
- a flue 61 is connected to the downstream end of the boiler outer frame 119.
- a chimney 60 is connected to the downstream end of the flue 61.
- the exhaust gas EG from the boiler outer frame 119 passes through the chimney 61 and the chimney 60 and is released from the chimney 60 to the atmosphere.
- a water supply line 131 is connected to the inlet 115i of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment.
- the upstream end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is connected to the low-pressure economizer 112a in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the connection between the upstream end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a and the low-pressure economizer 112a may be a flange connection as in the first and third embodiments, but may be a weld connection. .
- this low-temperature heat exchanger 115a may be formed of a material having higher corrosion resistance than the material forming the low-pressure economizer 112a, as in the first and third embodiments.
- water from the water supply line is supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a in the flue 61.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a heats water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG in the flue 61 and the water flowing therein, and cools the exhaust gas EG (low temperature heat exchange step).
- water having a temperature lower than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a temperature higher than the dew point temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG is cooled until the exhaust gas EG is condensed in at least a part of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a, for example, locally in the surface of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a also heats the water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing in the interior, as in the first and third embodiments, while at least the low temperature heat exchanger 115a. It has a heat exchange capability of cooling the exhaust gas EG until the exhaust gas EG is partially condensed.
- the water heated by the low temperature heat exchanger 115a flows into the low pressure economizer 112a.
- the low-pressure economizer 112a as in the above embodiments, the exhaust gas EG and the water flowing inside are heat-exchanged to heat the water while cooling the exhaust gas EG (the economizer heat exchange step). ).
- water having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG is heated to a higher temperature.
- the exhaust gas EG is cooled to a temperature higher than its dew point temperature.
- this embodiment also includes the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 as in the third embodiment, by driving the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 using the heat of the exhaust gas EG, the output of the plant and Efficiency can be increased.
- the boiler outer frame 119 is extended and compared with the case where the low temperature heat exchanger 115a is installed in the boiler outer frame 119.
- the extension work of the boiler outer frame 119 can be omitted, and the installation space for the steam generation plant can be reduced.
- the fourth embodiment and the present embodiment are both modifications of the third embodiment.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is installed in the flue or the chimney. May be.
- This embodiment is a modification of the third embodiment.
- the heating water outlet and the feed water line 131 in the evaporator 151 of the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 are connected by the low pressure water circulation line 118c.
- the line between the low pressure economizer 112a and the low temperature heat exchanger 115a and the heated water outlet in the evaporator 151 of the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 are connected by a low pressure water circulation line 118d.
- the liquid low boiling point medium and the water heated by the low pressure economizer 112a are subjected to heat exchange, so that the low boiling point medium is Heat and evaporate the low boiling point medium (heating step).
- the water is cooled and flows out from the heating water outlet of the evaporator 151.
- the water flowing out from the heating water outlet of the evaporator 151 flows into the low pressure economizer 112a through the low pressure water circulation line 118d (water recovery step).
- the water heated by the low temperature heat exchanger 115a also flows into the low pressure economizer 112a.
- the evaporator 151 of the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle 150 when the temperature of water after heat exchange with the liquid low boiling point medium is close to the inlet temperature of the low pressure economizer 112a, the low temperature is reduced as in this embodiment.
- the water after heat exchange with the liquid low boiling point medium is preferably returned between the low pressure economizer 112a and the low temperature heat exchanger 115a. This is because the amount of heat recovered in the low temperature heat exchanger 115a increases.
- the boilers in the steam generation plant of each embodiment described above are all exhaust heat recovery boilers.
- the boiler does not have to be an exhaust heat recovery boiler, but may be one that burns fuel by itself and generates combustion gas.
- the steam generation plant of this embodiment is a plant provided with such a boiler.
- the steam generation plant of this embodiment includes a boiler 110p, a steam turbine 121p that is driven by steam generated by the boiler 110p, a generator 122p that generates power by driving the steam turbine 121p, and steam that has driven the steam turbine 121p. And a water supply pump 124 for returning the water in the condenser 123 to the boiler 110p.
- the boiler 110p includes a boiler outer frame 119p, a burner 118p that injects fuel into the boiler outer frame 119p, a low-temperature heat exchanger 115p that heats water using combustion gas generated by the combustion of the fuel, and the low-temperature heat exchanger
- the economizer 112p that further heats the water heated by 115p, the evaporator 113p that converts the water heated by the economizer 112p into steam (the most downstream evaporator), and the steam generated by the evaporator 113p is superheated.
- a superheater 114p is a superheater 114p.
- the superheater 114p, the economizer 112p, and the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p are all installed in the boiler outer frame 119p.
- the evaporation drum which is a part of the evaporator 113p is installed outside the boiler outer frame 119p.
- the heat transfer tube which is another part of the evaporator 113p is installed in the boiler outer frame 119p.
- the superheater 114p, the evaporator 113p, the economizer 112p, and the low temperature heat exchanger 115p are arranged in this order toward the downstream side.
- the upstream end of the low temperature heat exchanger 115p is flange-connected to the economizer 112p as in the first embodiment of the steam generation plant.
- An inlet 115i for receiving water from the outside is formed at the downstream end of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p is also made of a material having higher corrosion resistance against the condensate of the combustion gas than the material forming the economizer 112p.
- the condenser 123 and the inlet 115i of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p are connected by a water supply line 131.
- the water supply line 131 is provided with the above-described water supply pump 124.
- the boiler may be any type of boiler as long as it is a boiler having a steam generator and a economizer, without being a waste heat recovery boiler. Therefore, for example, the exhaust heat recovery boiler in each embodiment of the gas turbine plant described above may be used.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p described above is additionally provided to increase the efficiency of the existing boiler. be able to.
- the combustion gas having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature is cooled to a temperature equal to or higher than the dew point temperature by the low temperature heat exchanger 115p.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p may cool the combustion gas having a temperature higher than the dew point temperature or the combustion gas having a temperature equal to or higher than the dew point temperature to below the dew point temperature.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p may be installed in the flue or the chimney as in the fourth and fifth embodiments.
- the economizer 112p and the low-temperature heat exchanger 115p may be integrated as in the second embodiment of the steam generation plant.
- a low boiling point medium Rankine cycle may be added as in the third to sixth embodiments of the steam generation plant.
- a low-pressure water circulation line warm water line
- the low boiling point medium Rankine cycle is provided in this line.
- An evaporator is provided.
- a low-pressure water circulation line hot water line
- a low-boiling-point medium Rankine cycle evaporator or the like is provided in the low-pressure water circulation line.
- the boiler 110n of the present embodiment is a modification of the boiler of the first embodiment.
- the boiler 110n of this embodiment includes a mist separator 141 that separates mist from the exhaust gas EG.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a of this embodiment is also installed in the boiler outer frame 119 and downstream of the flow of the combustion gas with respect to the low pressure economizer 112a, as in the first embodiment.
- the upstream end of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a is flange-connected to the low pressure economizer 112a.
- This low-temperature heat exchanger 115a has a plurality of low-temperature heat exchange portions 115ap arranged in the upstream and downstream direction of the flow of the combustion gas.
- the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange parts 115ap are flange-connected.
- a flange is provided at the downstream end of one low temperature heat exchange section 115ap, and a flange is provided at the upstream end of another low temperature heat exchange section 115ap disposed downstream of the one low temperature heat exchange section 115ap. And both flanges are connected by bolts.
- the mist separator 141 is arranged in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is arranged in the upstream / downstream direction. Specifically, it is arrange
- the mist separator 141 is further disposed on the downstream side of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the mist separator 141 is an inertial collision type mist separator.
- the mist separator 141 has a plurality of collision plates 142. Each collision plate 142 is different in the vertical position of the upstream end and the vertical position of the downstream end. That is, each collision plate 142 is inclined with respect to the upstream and downstream directions.
- the plurality of collision plates 142 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction with an interval in the vertical direction.
- a plurality of collision plates 142 are arranged in the vertical direction.
- the plurality of collision plates 142 may be arranged in a direction intersecting the flow of the exhaust gas EG in the boiler outer frame 119, for example, may be arranged in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the flow of the exhaust gas EG. .
- each collision plate 142 is different in the horizontal position of the upstream end and the horizontal position of the downstream end.
- the mist separator 141 is constituted by a plurality of collision plates 142.
- the mist separator 141 may have any form as long as it has a member that plays a role as a collision plate for catching the mist.
- an inertial collision type mist separator is employed, but other types of mist separators may be employed.
- a drain line 145 is connected to a portion of the bottom wall of the boiler outer frame 119 and located below the mist separator 141.
- the drain line 145 opens at the position of the inner surface of the bottom wall of the boiler outer frame 119.
- the water is also supplied from the water supply line 131 to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a of this embodiment as in the above embodiments.
- Water having a temperature lower than the dew point of the exhaust gas EG is supplied to the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a heats water by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas EG and water flowing therein, and cools the exhaust gas EG (low-temperature heat exchange step).
- the water is gradually heated in the process of flowing through the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange sections 115ap arranged in the upstream and downstream direction of the combustion gas flow to the upstream side of the combustion gas flow, and passes through the uppermost low-temperature heat exchange section 115ap.
- the temperature of the water is higher than the dew point temperature of the exhaust gas EG.
- the exhaust gas EG is gradually cooled in the process of flowing downstream in the region where the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange units 115ap are arranged.
- part of the moisture in the exhaust gas EG condenses locally on the surfaces of the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange units 115ap.
- the average temperature of the exhaust gas EG gradually decreases in the process of flowing downstream in the region where the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange parts 115ap are arranged. For this reason, the amount of condensed water increases as the exhaust gas EG flows downstream in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is disposed.
- the condensed moisture flows as mist in the boiler outer frame 119, further in the downstream flue, and in the chimney 60.
- the mist in order to suppress corrosion of the boiler outer frame 119 and the flue and the like, the mist is separated from the exhaust gas EG by the mist separator 141 (mist separation step).
- the mist aggregates into a liquid film by colliding with the collision plate 142 constituting the mist separator 141.
- the liquid film flows down and flows out of the drain line 145 through the drain line 145.
- the present embodiment it is possible to reduce the amount of mist flowing in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is disposed and the amount of mist flowing downstream from the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a. For this reason, in this embodiment, the corrosion of the low temperature heat exchanger 115a, the portion where the low temperature heat exchanger 115a is disposed in the boiler outer frame 119 and the portion downstream thereof, and further the corrosion of the flue and the like are suppressed. be able to.
- the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange parts 115ap are flange-connected, even when corrosion of one low-temperature heat exchange part 115ap progresses, the one low-temperature heat exchange part 115ap can be easily replaced with a new one. It can be exchanged with a new low-temperature heat exchange unit 115ap.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a of this embodiment has the three low temperature heat exchange parts 115ap.
- the number of the low-temperature heat exchange units 115ap may be two, or four or more.
- the amount of heat recovered from the low-temperature exhaust gas EG increases as the number of low-temperature heat exchange sections 115ap arranged in the upstream and downstream direction of the combustion gas flow increases.
- positioning the mist separator 141 between each of several low temperature heat exchange part 115ap while the number of low temperature heat exchange parts 115ap increases, the collection rate of mist increases and the generated mist is collect
- the effect of preventing corrosion of the boiler outer frame 119 and the like can be enhanced.
- the installation cost increases as the number of the low-temperature heat exchange units 115ap increases. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the number of low-temperature heat exchange sections 115ap by comparing the increase in the amount of exhaust heat recovery and the effect of preventing corrosion and the increase in equipment cost.
- the low temperature heat exchanger 115a may have only one low temperature heat exchange part 115ap.
- the mist separator 141 is provided in the intermediate portion in the upstream and downstream direction of one low-temperature heat exchanging portion 115ap, and if necessary, downstream of the intermediate portion.
- the mist separator 141 is disposed between each of the plurality of low-temperature heat exchange portions 115ap, and is also disposed on the downstream side of the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a.
- the mist separator 141 may be disposed only at any one of the positions exemplified above.
- a plurality of low-temperature heat exchange parts 115ap are flange-connected.
- the low temperature heat exchange part 115ap is made of, for example, stainless steel having high corrosion resistance
- the plurality of low temperature heat exchange parts 115ap may be connected to each other by, for example, welding.
- the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is disposed in the boiler outer frame 119, and the mist separator 141 is disposed in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is disposed.
- the mist separator 141 is preferably disposed in the region where the low-temperature heat exchanger 115a is disposed.
- each of the steam generation plants of the embodiments described above includes a steam turbine.
- the steam generation plant may not include a steam turbine.
- the steam generated in the steam generation plant is used, for example, as a heating source for a reactor or the like in the chemical plant and as a heat source for heating the building.
- the heat in the combustion gas can be used effectively.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年3月31日に、日本国に出願された特願2015-073700号に基づき優先権を主張し、この内容をここに援用する。
燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、前記節炭器の前記下流側に設置され、外部から水を受け入れる流入口を有し、前記流入口から流入して前記節炭器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスより加熱する低温熱交換器と、を備える。
前記第一態様の前記ボイラーにおいて、前記低温熱交換器は、前記ボイラー外枠内に設置されている。
前記第一態様の前記ボイラーにおいて、前記ボイラー外枠には、前記ボイラー外枠から流出した前記燃焼ガスが流れる煙道が接続されていると共に、前記煙道には、前記煙道からの前記燃焼ガスを大気に放出する煙突が接続されており、前記低温熱交換器は、前記煙突内又は前記煙道内に設置されている。
前記第一から第三態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーにおいて、前記低温熱交換器は、前記節炭器を形成する材料よりも、前記燃焼ガスの凝縮液に対する耐腐食性の高い材料で形成されている。
前記第一から第四態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーにおいて、前記節炭器と前記低温熱交換器とは、フランジ接続されている。
前記第一から第五態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーにおいて、前記節炭器は、前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度より高い温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有し、前記低温熱交換器は、前記節炭器での熱交換で冷却された前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記低温熱交換器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する。
前記第一から第六態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーにおいて、前記低温熱交換器は、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度未満の温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する。
前記第一から第七態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーにおいて、前記燃焼ガス中に含まれる水分が液化したミストを前記燃焼ガスから分離するミストセパレータを備え、前記ミストセパレータは、前記燃焼ガスが流れる上下流方向で、前記低温熱交換器が配置されている領域内及び/又は前記領域よりも下流側に、配置されている。
前記第八態様の前記ボイラーにおいて、前記低温熱交換器は、前記上下流方向に並ぶ複数の低温熱交換部を有し、前記ミストセパレータは、前記上下流方向における複数の前記低温熱交換部の相互間のうち、少なくとも一の相互間に配置されている。
前記第九態様の前記ボイラーにおいて、複数の低温熱交換部は、互いにフランジ接続されている。
燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、外部から水を受け入れる流入口を有し、前記流入口から流入して前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、を備え、前記節炭器は、前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水との熱交換により、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記節炭器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する。
前記第十一態様の前記ボイラーにおいて、前記節炭器は、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度未満の温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する。
前記第一から第十二態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーと、前記流入口から前記ボイラー内に水を供給する給水ラインと、を備える。
前記第一から第十二態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーと、低沸点媒体が凝縮と蒸発とを繰り返して循環する低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルと、を備え、前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルは、液体の前記低沸点媒体と前記節炭器で加熱された水の一部とを熱交換させて、前記低沸点媒体を加熱する加熱器を有する。
燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、を備えるボイラーの改造方法において、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、前記節炭器の前記下流側に、前記節炭器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスより加熱する低温熱交換器を設ける。
燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、を備えるボイラーの運転方法において、前記節炭器の前記下流側に設置され、前記節炭器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスより加熱する低温熱交換器を設け、前記節炭器で、前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度よりも高い温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する節炭器熱交換工程と、前記低温熱交換器で、前記節炭器での熱交換で冷却された前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記低温熱交換器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する低温熱交工程と、を実行する。
前記第十四態様の前記ボイラーにおいて、前記低温熱交換器は、前記ボイラー外枠内に前記低温熱交換器を設置する。
前記ボイラー外枠には、前記ボイラー外枠から流出した前記燃焼ガスが流れる煙道が接続されていると共に、前記煙道には、前記煙道からの前記燃焼ガスを大気に放出する煙突が接続されており、前記煙突内又は前記煙道内に前記低温熱交換器を設置する。
前記第十四から第十六態様のいずれかのボイラーの運転方法において、前記燃焼ガスが流れる上下流方向で、前記低温熱交換器が配置されている領域内及び/又は前記領域よりも下流側で、前記燃焼ガス中に含まれる水分が液化したミストを前記燃焼ガスから分離するミスト分離工程を実行する。
燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、を備えるボイラーの運転方法において、前記節炭器で前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記節炭器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する節炭器熱交換工程を実行する。
前記第十四から第十八態様のいずれかの前記ボイラーの運転方法において、低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルで、低沸点媒体を循環させるランキンサイクル実行工程と、前記節炭器で加熱された水を前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルへ導く加熱水導入工程と、前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルに導かれ、前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルを通った水を前記ボイラーに戻す水回収工程と、を実行し、前記ランキンサイクル実行工程は、前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルに導入された前記水と液体の前記低沸点媒体とを熱交換させて、前記低沸点媒体を加熱する加熱工程を含む。
図1を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第一実施形態について説明する。
図2を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第二実施形態について説明する。
図3を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第三実施形態について説明する。
・トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン、モノクロロベンゼン、ジクロロベンゼン、パーフルオロデカリン等の有機ハロゲン化合物
・ブタン、プロパン、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、デカン等のアルカン
・シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等の環状アルカン
・チオフェン、ケトン、芳香族化合物
・R134a、R245fa等の冷媒
・以上を組み合わせたもの
図4を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第四実施形態について説明する。
図5を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第五実施形態について説明する。
図6を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第六実施形態について説明する。
図7を参照して、本発明に係るボイラー、及びこのボイラーを備える蒸気発生プラントの第七実施形態について説明する。
図8を参照して、本発明に係るボイラーの第八実施形態について説明する。
Claims (19)
- 燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、
前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、
前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、
前記節炭器の前記下流側に設置され、外部から水を受け入れる流入口を有し、前記流入口から流入して前記節炭器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスより加熱する低温熱交換器と、
を備えるボイラー。 - 請求項1に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記低温熱交換器は、前記ボイラー外枠内に設置されている、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記ボイラー外枠には、前記ボイラー外枠から流出した前記燃焼ガスが流れる煙道が接続されていると共に、前記煙道には、前記煙道からの前記燃焼ガスを大気に放出する煙突が接続されており、
前記低温熱交換器は、前記煙突内又は前記煙道内に設置されている、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記低温熱交換器は、前記節炭器を形成する材料よりも、前記燃焼ガスの凝縮液に対する耐腐食性の高い材料で形成されている、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記節炭器と前記低温熱交換器とは、フランジ接続されている、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記節炭器は、前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度より高い温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有し、
前記低温熱交換器は、前記節炭器での熱交換で冷却された前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記低温熱交換器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記低温熱交換器は、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度未満の温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記燃焼ガス中に含まれる水分が液化したミストを前記燃焼ガスから分離するミストセパレータを備え、
前記ミストセパレータは、前記燃焼ガスが流れる上下流方向で、前記低温熱交換器が配置されている領域内及び/又は前記領域よりも下流側に、配置されている、
ボイラー。 - 請求項8に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記低温熱交換器は、前記上下流方向に並ぶ複数の低温熱交換部を有し、
前記ミストセパレータは、前記上下流方向における複数の前記低温熱交換部の相互間のうち、少なくとも一の相互間に配置されている、
ボイラー。 - 請求項9に記載のボイラーにおいて、
複数の低温熱交換部は、互いにフランジ接続されている、
ボイラー。 - 燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、
前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、
前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、外部から水を受け入れる流入口を有し、前記流入口から流入して前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、
を備え、
前記節炭器は、前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水との熱交換により、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記節炭器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する、
ボイラー。 - 請求項11に記載のボイラーにおいて、
前記節炭器は、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度未満の温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する熱交換能力を有する、
ボイラー。 - 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーと、
低沸点媒体が凝縮と蒸発とを繰り返して循環する低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルと、
を備え、
前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルは、液体の前記低沸点媒体と前記節炭器で加熱された水の一部とを熱交換させて、前記低沸点媒体を加熱する加熱器を有する、
蒸気発生プラント。 - 燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、を備えるボイラーの運転方法において、
前記節炭器の前記下流側に設置され、前記節炭器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスより加熱する低温熱交換器を設け、
前記節炭器で、前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記燃焼ガスの露点温度よりも高い温度にまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する節炭器熱交換工程と、
前記低温熱交換器で、前記節炭器での熱交換で冷却された前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記低温熱交換器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する低温熱交工程と、
を実行するボイラーの運転方法。 - 請求項14に記載のボイラーの運転方法において、
前記ボイラー外枠内に前記低温熱交換器を設置する、
ボイラーの運転方法。 - 請求項14に記載のボイラーの運転方法において、
前記ボイラー外枠には、前記ボイラー外枠から流出した前記燃焼ガスが流れる煙道が接続されていると共に、前記煙道には、前記煙道からの前記燃焼ガスを大気に放出する煙突が接続されており、
前記煙突又は前記煙道内に前記低温熱交換器を設置する、
ボイラーの運転方法。 - 請求項14から16のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーの運転方法において、
前記燃焼ガスが流れる上下流方向で、前記低温熱交換器が配置されている領域内及び/又は前記領域よりも下流側で、前記燃焼ガス中に含まれる水分が液化したミストを前記燃焼ガスから分離するミスト分離工程を実行する、
ボイラーの運転方法。 - 燃焼ガスが内部を排気口側である下流側に向かって流れるボイラー外枠と、前記ボイラー外枠内に少なくとも一部が設置され、前記燃焼ガスにより水を加熱して蒸気を発生させる一以上の蒸発器と、前記ボイラー外枠内であって、一以上の前記蒸発器のうち最も前記下流側の蒸発器である最下流蒸発器の前記下流側に設置され、前記最下流蒸発器に送る水を前記燃焼ガスにより加熱する節炭器と、を備えるボイラーの運転方法において、
前記節炭器で前記燃焼ガスと内部を流れる水とを熱交換させることにより、前記水を加熱する一方で、前記節炭器の少なくとも一部で前記燃焼ガスが凝縮するまで前記燃焼ガスを冷却する節炭器熱交換工程を実行する、
ボイラーの運転方法。 - 請求項14から18のいずれか一項に記載のボイラーの運転方法において、
低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルで、低沸点媒体を循環させるランキンサイクル実行工程と、
前記節炭器で加熱された水を前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルへ導く加熱水導入工程と、
前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルに導かれ、前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルを通った水を前記ボイラーに戻す水回収工程と、
を実行し、
前記ランキンサイクル実行工程は、前記低沸点媒体ランキンサイクルに導入された前記水と液体の前記低沸点媒体とを熱交換させて、前記低沸点媒体を加熱する加熱工程を含む、
ボイラーの運転方法。
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