WO2016147269A1 - ハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016147269A1 WO2016147269A1 PCT/JP2015/057577 JP2015057577W WO2016147269A1 WO 2016147269 A1 WO2016147269 A1 WO 2016147269A1 JP 2015057577 W JP2015057577 W JP 2015057577W WO 2016147269 A1 WO2016147269 A1 WO 2016147269A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- filter
- motor generator
- regeneration
- power running
- Prior art date
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
- B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
- B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
- B60W20/16—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/188—Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
- B60W30/1886—Controlling power supply to auxiliary devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
- F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
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- B60W2710/083—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/30—Auxiliary equipments
- B60W2710/305—Auxiliary equipments target power to auxiliaries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
- E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
- E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
- Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
- Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
- Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for a hybrid construction machine, and more specifically, controls the power at the time of regeneration of a diesel particulate filter in a hybrid construction machine having a generator motor for generating power and generating power assist for the engine and engine.
- the present invention relates to a control device for a hybrid construction machine.
- a diesel particulate filter (hereinafter simply referred to as “filter”) is used as an exhaust gas aftertreatment device for collecting PM (diesel particulate) contained in exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
- PM diesel particulate
- filter regeneration a process called “filter regeneration” is performed in which the accumulated PM is burned and removed by raising and maintaining the catalyst temperature in the filter to a predetermined value or more.
- the engine is operated when the temperature of the battery is lower than a preset temperature, and a warm-up operation is performed.
- a method for warming up a hybrid construction machine wherein a heat is generated by operating a generator to charge / discharge the capacitor (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- filter regeneration in hybrid construction machines does not require any special operation from the operator, and “continuous regeneration” is automatically performed during construction machine operation. For some reason, the amount of accumulated PM continues to increase.
- manual regeneration There are two types of processing, “manual regeneration”, which is executed in the event that it has occurred. “Manual regeneration” requests, for example, an operation of “stopping the operation of the hybrid construction machine, raising the gate lock lever, and pressing the filter regeneration switch” to the operator. For this reason, the hybrid construction machine remains in the idle state while “manual regeneration” is being performed.
- Patent Document 1 The technique described in Patent Document 1 described above is based on the assumption of “manual regeneration”, and “filter regeneration” is a mode in which the motor generator generates power when there is a margin in the amount of power stored in the power storage device. (Regenerative operation) and increasing the engine load to maintain the exhaust gas at a high temperature, and when the power storage amount of the power storage device is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, reducing the load to generate power with the motor generator, An example in which the load applied to the engine by the hydraulic pump is increased is shown. On the other hand, there is no mention of control of the power running operation of the motor generator during filter regeneration or “continuous regeneration”.
- Patent Document 2 shows a method of appropriately distributing and controlling engine power and motor generator power for the problem of “filter regeneration” in such a hybrid vehicle.
- this method is effective in a hybrid system in which power can be supplied by each of the engine and the motor generator.
- the motor generator is mechanically connected to the engine, and power is supplied only by the motor generator. It is difficult to adopt a hybrid construction machine that is difficult to operate because it is difficult to operate with the engine stopped.
- Patent Document 2 Even if the method of Patent Document 2 can be applied to construction machines by some device, power is supplied only from either the engine or motor generator in the normal travel mode, or only from the engine in the special travel mode. Therefore, there is a possibility that sufficient power cannot be supplied to the hydraulic pump. As a result, the operation of the vehicle body becomes sluggish, which may give the operator a feeling of strangeness.
- the present invention has been made based on the above-described matters, and an object of the present invention is to control a hybrid construction machine capable of continuing filter regeneration without impairing operability as much as possible regardless of the state of the vehicle body or the power storage device.
- a device is provided.
- a first invention includes an engine, a motor generator driven by the engine and capable of generating electric power, a hydraulic pump driven by a total torque of the engine and the motor generator, and the hydraulic pressure A plurality of hydraulic actuators driven by pressure oil discharged from a pump; a power storage device that accumulates the power generated by the motor generator and supplies power for driving the motor generator; the power storage device and the motor power generation A command signal is sent to the inverter for controlling the power running operation or regenerative operation of the motor generator, an inverter for transferring power to and from the machine, a filter for collecting particulate matter in the exhaust gas of the engine
- the control unit includes a filter regeneration determination unit that determines a request for regeneration of the filter, and A torque command value calculation unit for calculating a normal torque command for the dynamic generator, a normal torque command for the motor generator calculated by the torque command value calculation unit, and a regeneration of the filter determined by the filter regeneration determination unit
- the power running operation of the motor generator is limited, so that the load borne by the engine can be maintained or increased, and the exhaust gas temperature of the engine is increased / maintained. It can be done easily. Further, in a situation where sufficient power cannot be supplied only by the engine, sufficient power can be supplied to the hydraulic pump using power assist by the motor generator. Thus, the normal operability can be maintained even during filter regeneration.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a hybrid excavator provided with a first embodiment of a control device for a hybrid construction machine of the present invention. It is the schematic of the actuator drive system provided with 1st Embodiment of the control apparatus of the hybrid construction machine of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the control system of the motor generator in 1st Embodiment of the control apparatus of the hybrid construction machine of this invention. It is a rotation speed-torque map for demonstrating an example of the calculation method of the power running possible amount calculating part in 1st Embodiment of the control apparatus of the hybrid construction machine of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a hybrid excavator provided with a first embodiment of a control apparatus for a hybrid construction machine according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 includes a first embodiment of a control apparatus for a hybrid construction machine according to the present invention.
- a hybrid excavator 1 includes an articulated front device 1A having a boom 1a, an arm 1b, and a bucket 1c that rotate in a vertical direction, and a vehicle body 1B having an upper swinging body 1d and a lower traveling body 1e. I have.
- the base end of the boom 1a of the front device 1A is supported by the front part of the upper swing body 1d so as to be rotatable in the vertical direction.
- the boom 1a, the arm 1b, the bucket 1c, the upper swing body 1d, and the lower travel body 1e are a boom cylinder 3a, an arm cylinder 3b, a bucket cylinder 3c, a swing motor generator 16 (see FIG. 2), and left and right travel motors 3e, Each is driven by 3f.
- the hydraulic actuators 3a to 3c, 3e, and 3f that drive the boom 1a, the arm 1b, the bucket 1c, and the lower traveling body 1e are referred to as hydraulic working units.
- the operations of the boom 1a, the arm 1b, the bucket 1c, and the upper swing body 1d are instructed by hydraulic operation signals (control pilot pressure) of the operation lever devices 4a and 4b (see FIG. 2), and the operation of the lower traveling body 1e is not shown. This is instructed by a hydraulic operation signal (control pilot pressure) of the operation pedal device.
- the actuator drive system in this embodiment shown in FIG. 2 includes a hydraulic drive unit and an electric drive unit.
- the hydraulic drive unit includes operation lever devices 4a and 4b, a travel operation pedal device (not shown), a direction switching valve 5, a variable displacement hydraulic pump 6, an engine 7, a hydraulic oil tank 8, and a shuttle. And a valve block 9.
- the operation lever devices 4a and 4b and the operation pedal device are used to open the operation of the pressure reducing valves (remote control valves) provided in the operation lever devices 4a and 4b and the operation pedal device with the primary pressure generated by the discharge oil of a pilot pump (not shown). Depending on the degree, the pressure is reduced to the secondary pressure to generate a control pilot pressure (hydraulic operation signal). The generated control pilot pressure (hydraulic operation signal) is sent to the pressure receiving portion of the direction switching valve 5 to switch the spool of the direction switching valve 5 from the neutral position.
- the pressure reducing valves remote control valves
- the generated control pilot pressure is sent to the pressure receiving portion of the direction switching valve 5 to switch the spool of the direction switching valve 5 from the neutral position.
- the direction switching valve 5 is, for example, an open center type spool valve disposed in the center bypass line, and is switched by a control pilot pressure supplied to the pressure receiving portion.
- the flow (direction and flow rate) of the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 6 is controlled, and the driving of the hydraulic actuators 3a to 3c, 3e, 3f is controlled.
- the hydraulic pump 6 is rotationally driven by an engine 7 and a motor generator 10 described later.
- the shuttle valve block 9 includes a hydraulic operation signal other than a hydraulic operation signal for instructing a turning operation among hydraulic operation signals (control pilot pressure) generated by the operation lever devices 4a and 4b, and a hydraulic pressure generated by an operation pedal device (not shown). An operation signal is input.
- the shuttle valve block 9 selects and outputs the hydraulic pressure operation signal having the highest pressure among these input signals.
- a pipe that connects the operation lever device 4a and the shuttle valve block 9 is provided with a pressure sensor 17 that detects a hydraulic operation signal (control pilot pressure) of the operation lever device 4a.
- the pressure sensor 18 for detecting a hydraulic operation signal (control pilot pressure) of the operation lever device 4b is provided in the pipe connecting the two.
- the hydraulic pump 6 is a variable displacement pump and has a positive control regulator 6a.
- a hydraulic operation signal output from the shuttle valve block 9 is guided to the regulator 6a.
- the positive control regulator 6a is configured such that the operation amount (required flow rate) of the operation levers and pedals as the operation members of the operation lever devices 4a and 4b and the operation pedal device increases and the hydraulic operation signal increases as the hydraulic operation signal increases.
- the tilt angle (capacity) of the swash plate is increased. As a result, the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 6 increases.
- the regulator 6a reduces the swash plate tilt angle (capacity) of the hydraulic pump 6 as the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 6 increases so that the absorption torque of the hydraulic pump 6 does not exceed a preset maximum torque.
- a torque limit control function is provided.
- the hydraulic pump 6 is provided with a tilt angle sensor 6b that detects the tilt angle (capacity) of the swash plate.
- a pressure sensor 21 for detecting the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 6 is provided in the discharge pipe connecting the hydraulic pump 6 and the direction switching valve 5.
- the hydraulic load can be estimated according to the turning angle (pump capacity). These correspond to “load calculation means” in the present embodiment.
- a motor generator 10 mechanically connected to the engine 7, a vehicle body controller 11, inverters 12 and 13, an engine controller 14, a battery 15, A turning motor generator 16, a rotation speed sensor 19 for detecting the rotation speed of the engine 7, and a battery controller 21 are provided.
- the motor generator 10 is mechanically connected between the hydraulic pump 6 and the engine 7.
- the motor generator 10 is driven by the function of a generator that converts the motive power of the engine 7 into electric energy (electric power) and outputs the electric energy (electric power) to the inverter 12, and the electric energy (electric power) supplied from the inverter 12. And has a function as an electric motor for assisting driving.
- the inverter 12 converts AC power generated by the motor generator 10 into DC power and outputs the DC power to the battery 15, and when the motor generator 10 functions as a motor.
- the DC power from the battery 15 is converted to AC power and supplied to the motor generator 10.
- the turning motor generator 16 drives and brakes the upper turning body 1d via a drive mechanism (not shown).
- the turning motor generator 16 functions as an electric motor driven by the electric energy (electric power) supplied from the inverter 13 and the rotational power at the time of braking of the upper-part turning body 1d into electric energy (electric power) to convert it to the inverter 13. Function as a generator to output to the.
- the inverter 13 converts the regenerated AC power into DC power and outputs it to the battery 15, and when the turning motor generator 16 functions as an electric motor. Converts the DC power from the battery 15 into AC power and supplies it to the turning motor generator 16.
- the upper swing body 1 d is configured to be driven / brake only by the turning motor generator 16, but instead of the turning motor generator 16, the hydraulic pump 6
- a hydraulic swing motor that is driven / brake by the pressure oil may be used, or an electric / hydraulic combined swing device that uses the swing motor generator 16 and the hydraulic swing motor together.
- the battery 15 supplies power to the motor generator 10 and the turning motor generator 16 via the inverters 12 and 13. Further, the battery 15 stores electric energy generated by the motor generator 10 and the turning motor generator 16.
- the battery 15 is provided with a battery sensor 25 that detects the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery 15, and the voltage, current, and temperature signals of the battery 15 detected by the battery sensor 25 are input to the battery controller 20. .
- the battery controller 20 estimates the amount of stored electrical energy, that is, the so-called remaining power storage, based on each input detection signal. Moreover, the battery controller 20 outputs a charge / discharge request value to the vehicle body controller 11 as necessary.
- the engine controller 14 inputs an actual rotational speed signal of the engine 7 detected by the rotational speed sensor 19 and a target rotational speed signal from the vehicle body controller 11 described later, and calculates the rotational speed deviation thereof.
- the engine controller 14 calculates a target fuel injection amount based on this rotational speed deviation, and outputs a corresponding control signal to the electronic governor 7 a provided in the engine 7.
- the electronic governor 7 a is operated by this control signal, injects fuel corresponding to the target fuel injection amount, and supplies it to the engine 7.
- the target rotational speed is set using the encon dial 22 with a value set by the operator according to the work content.
- the target rotational speed signal set by the encon dial 22 is input to the vehicle body controller 11 and is output from the vehicle body controller 11 to the engine controller 14.
- a filter 23 is provided in the exhaust gas pipe of the engine 7 as a post-processing device.
- a differential pressure sensor 24 for detecting the differential pressure of the filter 23 is provided before and after the filter 23 in the exhaust gas pipe line.
- the differential pressure signal of the filter 23 detected by the differential pressure sensor 24 is input to the engine controller 14 and also output to the vehicle body controller 11.
- the vehicle body controller 11 estimates the amount of PM collected based on the value of the differential pressure signal, and determines whether to perform filter regeneration.
- the vehicle body controller 11 includes a control arithmetic circuit, and performs the following four controls related to the motor generator 10 in this control arithmetic circuit.
- the motor generator 10 When the hydraulic load (pump absorption torque) of the hydraulic pump 6 is large and sufficient power cannot be supplied only by the power of the engine 7, the motor generator 10 is operated in a power running manner to supply sufficient power to the hydraulic pump 6. This assist operation is called power assist.
- the motor generator 10 is operated to perform a power running operation. The rotation speed is quickly matched with the target rotation speed. This assist operation is called acceleration assist.
- Regenerative control is performed to generate surplus power, and control to store the generated surplus power in the battery 15 is performed.
- the inverter 12 is controlled to control the motor generator 10.
- the power of the battery 15 is supplied to the motor generator 10 to operate the motor generator 10 as an electric motor, and the hydraulic pump 6 is assisted.
- Control during filter regeneration The vehicle body controller 11 determines whether or not to perform filter regeneration, and performs various restriction controls on the control contents (1) to (3) during filter regeneration.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the motor generator control system in the first embodiment of the control device for the hybrid construction machine of the present invention.
- the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same parts, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the vehicle body controller 11 is composed of 15 calculation units. These calculation units are a calculation group 300a that controls the motor generator in a normal state, and a calculation group 300b that performs effective power running limitation during filter regeneration. And a plurality of calculation units that calculate signals to be input to these calculation groups, and a motor generator control unit 315 that outputs a command signal to the inverter 12.
- the “computation group 300a for controlling the motor generator at normal time” includes a power assist computation unit 304, an acceleration assist computation unit 307, and a torque command value computation unit 310.
- a plurality of calculation units that calculate signals to be input to the “calculation group 300a that controls the motor generator in normal time” are a hydraulic load calculation unit 301, a lever input determination unit 302, an engine output measurement unit 303, a target A rotation speed setting unit 305, a rotation speed measurement unit 306, a power storage device management unit 308, and a charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 are provided.
- the hydraulic load calculation unit 301 inputs a tilt angle (pump capacity) signal of the swash plate of the hydraulic pump 6 detected by the tilt angle sensor 6 b and a discharge pressure signal of the hydraulic pump 6 detected by the pressure sensor 21.
- the load of the hydraulic pump 6 is calculated from these signals.
- a target value of the pump volume based on the lever operation amount from the lever input determination unit 302 may be used.
- the calculated load signal of the hydraulic pump 6 is output to the power assist calculation unit 304 and a power running possible amount calculation unit 313 described later.
- the lever input determination unit 302 takes in a hydraulic operation signal (control pilot pressure) of the operation lever detected by the pressure sensors 17 and 18, an operation amount of an operation pedal (not shown), a position signal of the gate lock lever, and the like, and outputs these status signals. Are output to the hydraulic load calculation unit 301 and a power running prohibition determination unit 312 described later.
- the engine output measuring unit 303 measures the load borne by the engine 7 based on the torque signal of the engine 7 output from the engine controller 14 and the actual rotational speed signal of the engine 7.
- the measured load signal borne by the engine 7 is output to the power assist calculation unit 304 and the torque command value calculation unit 310.
- the power assist calculation unit 304 receives the load signal of the hydraulic pump 6 calculated by the hydraulic load calculation unit 301 and the load signal borne by the engine 7 measured by the engine output measurement unit 303, and determines the hydraulic pressure from these deviations. A shortage of power to be supplied to the pump 6 is calculated, and a force action force (power running torque) to be borne by the motor generator 10 is calculated. The signal of the calculated force action force (power running torque) is output to the torque command value calculation unit 310.
- the target engine speed setting unit 305 inputs a target engine speed signal set by the operator via the encon dial 22, and sets the engine target engine speed in accordance with the target engine speed signal.
- the set engine target speed signal is output to the acceleration assist calculation unit 307.
- the rotational speed measurement unit 306 inputs and uses the actual rotational speed signal of the engine 7 detected by the rotational speed sensor 19 output from the engine controller 14. Further, a motor rotation number signal used for controlling the motor generator 10 may be used. The measured rotation speed measurement signal is output to the acceleration assist calculation unit 307.
- the acceleration assist calculation unit 307 inputs the engine target rotation speed signal set by the target rotation speed setting unit 305 and the actual rotation speed signal of the engine 7 measured by the rotation speed measurement unit 306 so as to eliminate these deviations. Then, the force action force (power running torque) to be borne by the motor generator 10 is calculated. When the actual engine speed signal of the engine 7 exceeds the target engine speed signal (over rev), the acceleration assist calculation unit 307 performs the regenerative operation instead of the power running operation so as to eliminate this early. Is commanded. For these calculations, PI control may be used, or a torque table determined for the deviation may be used. The signal of the calculated force action force (power running torque) is output to the torque command value calculation unit 310.
- the power storage device management unit 308 measures the remaining power level and temperature calculated by the battery controller 20 based on the voltage, current, and temperature signals of the battery 15 detected by the battery sensor 25. Signals such as the measured remaining power and temperature are output to the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309.
- the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 receives signals such as the remaining power storage and temperature measured by the power storage device management unit 308, and calculates a charge / discharge request based on these signals.
- the basic operation of the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 is to output a charge request when the current power storage remaining amount is small with respect to the target power storage remaining amount, and when the current power storage remaining amount is larger than the target power storage remaining amount. Is to output a discharge request.
- the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 may switch the charge request as appropriate.
- the calculated charge / discharge request signal is output to torque command value calculation section 310.
- the torque command value calculation unit 310 includes a signal of power action force (power running torque) calculated by the power assist calculation unit 304, a load signal borne by the engine 7 measured by the engine output measurement unit 303, and an acceleration assist calculation unit.
- the signal of the power action force (power running torque) calculated by 307 and the charge / discharge request signal calculated by the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 are input, and the torque command value for the motor generator 10 is calculated based on these input signals. To do.
- the calculated torque command value is output to a powering operation restriction unit 314 described later.
- the “calculation group 300b that performs effective power running restriction during filter regeneration” includes a power running prohibition determination unit 312, a power running possible amount calculation unit 313, and a power running operation restriction unit 314.
- a plurality of calculation units that calculate signals to be input to the “calculation group 300b that performs effective power running restriction during filter regeneration” include a hydraulic load calculation unit 301, a lever input determination unit 302, and a filter regeneration determination unit 311. ing.
- the filter regeneration determination unit 311 receives the differential pressure signal of the filter 23 detected by the differential pressure sensor 24, and determines the filter regeneration request based on the input differential pressure signal, the elapsed time since the end of the previous filter regeneration, and the like. To do. As described above, the filter regeneration request includes “continuous regeneration” in which filter regeneration is automatically performed during the operation of the hybrid excavator 1 without requiring a special operation from the operator, and “hybrid excavator”. There are two regeneration requests, “manual regeneration” that requires an operation of “stopping operation 1, raising the gate lock lever, and pressing the filter regeneration switch”. The filter regeneration request signal determined by the filter regeneration determination unit 311 is output to the power running operation restriction unit 314.
- the power running prohibition determination unit 312 inputs the signals determined by the lever input determination unit 302 and determines power running prohibition based on these signals. Specifically, the motor generator 10 can be powered when the gate lock lever is raised or when it is determined that neither the operation lever device 4a or 4b nor the operation pedal device is operated by the operator. A command for limiting the amount to 0 [Nm] is output. No command is issued to limit the amount of power that can be generated. The restriction command from the power running prohibition determination unit 312 is output to the power running operation restriction unit 314.
- the power running possible amount calculation unit 313 receives the load signal of the hydraulic pump 6 calculated by the hydraulic load calculation unit 301 and calculates the power running possible amount of the motor generator 10 based on this input signal.
- the calculated power running possible amount signal is output to the power running motion restriction unit 314.
- a calculation method in the power running amount calculation unit 313 will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a rotation speed-torque map diagram for explaining an example of a calculation method of a power running amount calculation unit in the first embodiment of the control device for a hybrid construction machine of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis represents the engine speed and the vertical axis represents the engine torque.
- the characteristic of the hydraulic load in FIG. 4 is shown as one example in the present embodiment.
- the characteristic of the idle load is a characteristic determined by the engine 7, and similarly, the characteristic of the minimum reproducible torque indicates the characteristic of the minimum torque of the engine 7 that can perform the filter regeneration.
- a hatched portion surrounded by the maximum engine torque characteristic and the reproducible minimum torque characteristic indicates a filter reproducible region.
- the regeneration of the filter can be completed in a short time because the exhaust gas temperature becomes high in the area where the engine torque is large.
- the regeneration time of the filter becomes long because the exhaust gas temperature becomes low.
- the output (amount of power running) of the power running calculation unit 313 is “difference between hydraulic load and idle load”. Further, a desirable powering possible amount is “a difference obtained by subtracting the sum of the idle load and the torque margin value from the hydraulic load”. This ensures engine torque and promotes reliable filter regeneration.
- filter regeneration can be maintained even in a region where the engine torque is slightly lower than the idle load. For this reason, the power running prohibition determination unit 312 may not be provided.
- the power running operation restriction unit 314 inputs the filter regeneration request signal determined by the filter regeneration determination unit 311, and responds to the torque command to the motor generator 10 calculated by the torque command calculation unit 310.
- the powering possible amount calculated by the powering possible amount calculating unit 313 is limited to the upper limit, and when the powering prohibition determining unit 312 determines that powering is prohibited, the powering possible amount is limited to 0 [Nm]. .
- a value obtained by the power running operation restriction unit 314 is output to the motor generator control unit 315 as a final torque command to the motor generator 10.
- the motor generator control unit 315 inputs a torque command to the final motor generator 10 from the power running operation limiting unit 314, calculates a command to the inverter 12 for generating such torque, and calculates the calculated command The signal is output to the inverter 12.
- FIG. 5 is a rotation speed-torque map diagram for explaining another example of the calculation method of the power running amount calculation unit in the first embodiment of the control device for the hybrid construction machine of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis represents the engine speed and the vertical axis represents the engine torque.
- the characteristic of the hydraulic load in FIG. 5 is larger than the maximum engine torque characteristic. Other characteristics are the same as those in FIG. In FIG. 5, since the hydraulic load is sufficiently large, the power running possible amount calculated by the power running possible amount calculating unit 313 matches the maximum torque determined by the specifications of the motor generator 10.
- the power assist amount since the signal of the power action force (power assist amount) calculated by the power assist calculation unit 304 is determined by the difference between the hydraulic load and the maximum engine torque, the power assist amount becomes smaller than the power running possible amount. In such a case, since the power running amount is not limited by the power running operation restriction unit 314, the motor generator 10 performs power running according to the power assist amount described above.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the control processing contents of the motor generator during filter regeneration in the first embodiment of the control device for a hybrid construction machine of the present invention.
- the vehicle body controller 11 calculates a torque command value (step S1). Specifically, torque command value calculation unit 310 calculates a torque command value for motor generator 10 based on various input signals.
- the vehicle body controller 11 determines whether or not the filter is being regenerated (step S2). Specifically, the filter regeneration determination unit 311 determines the filter regeneration request based on the differential pressure signal of the filter 23, the elapsed time from the end of the previous filter regeneration, and the like. If it is determined that the filter 23 is not being reproduced, the process proceeds to (Step S3). Otherwise, the process proceeds to (Step S4).
- Step S3 When it is determined that the filter is not being regenerated in (Step S2), the vehicle body controller 11 does not perform power running restriction (Step S3).
- the power generator operation limiter 314 is not limited, and the motor generator 10 is controlled according to the torque command value calculated by the torque command value calculator 310.
- Step S2 when it is determined in (Step S2) that the filter is being regenerated, the vehicle body controller 11 determines whether the regeneration is manual regeneration or continuous regeneration (Step S4). Specifically, the filter regeneration determination unit 311 determines. If it is determined that manual regeneration is performed, the process proceeds to (Step S6). If it is determined that continuous regeneration is performed, the process proceeds to (Step S5).
- Step S5 the vehicle body controller 11 determines whether or not the hybrid excavator 1 is idle (Step S5). Specifically, the lever input determination unit 302 determines that the vehicle is idle when the lever operation is not performed for a certain period of time or when the gate lock lever is raised. If it is determined that the engine is idling, the process proceeds to (Step S6). If it is determined that the engine is not idling (load operation is performed), the process proceeds to (Step S7).
- Step S6 the vehicle body controller 11 limits the power running amount to a minimum (Step S6). Specifically, this corresponds to the case where the power running operation restriction unit 314 inputs the manual regeneration signal from the filter regeneration determination unit 311 and the case where the power running prohibition signal from the power running prohibition determination unit 312 is input during idling.
- the torque command value from the command value calculation unit 310 is limited.
- Step S7 the vehicle body controller 11 determines whether or not the power running command is greater than the hydraulic load. Specifically, the power running amount calculation unit 313 of the controller 11 calculates the power running amount based on the hydraulic load calculated by the hydraulic load calculation unit 301 and outputs the power running amount to the power running operation restriction unit 314. The power running operation limiting unit 314 makes the determination by comparing the power running command calculated by the torque command value computing unit 310 with the power running possible amount (hydraulic load reference). If it is determined that the power running command is greater than the hydraulic load (power running possible amount), the process proceeds to (Step S8), and otherwise the process proceeds to (Step S3).
- Step S7 If it is determined in (Step S7) that the power running command is not larger than the hydraulic load (power running possible amount), the vehicle body controller 11 does not perform power running restriction (Step S3).
- the torque of the engine 7 can be kept within the reproducible region, so that the power running restriction is not performed.
- Step S7 When it is determined in (Step S7) that the power running command is larger than the hydraulic load (a possible power running amount), the vehicle body controller 11 limits the power running command to less than the hydraulic load (Step S8). Specifically, the power running operation restriction unit 314 is executed by limiting the power running command calculated by the torque command value calculation unit 310 to the power running possible amount calculated based on the hydraulic load.
- the power running operation of the motor generator 10 is limited, so the load borne by the engine 7 Can be maintained or increased, and the exhaust gas temperature of the engine 7 can be easily raised / maintained. Further, in a situation where the engine 7 alone cannot supply sufficient power, it is possible to supply sufficient power to the hydraulic pump 6 using power assist by the motor generator 10. Thus, the normal operability can be maintained even during filter regeneration.
- the control device for a hybrid construction machine of the present invention it is performed when the PM accumulation amount becomes a predetermined value or more because the filter 23 cannot be continuously regenerated.
- the power running possible amount of the motor generator 10 is limited to a predetermined value or less, so that the load applied to the engine 7 should be maintained at a value that allows the filter regeneration to continue even in manual regeneration performed in an idle state. Can do.
- the power storage device battery 15
- the power storage device can be discharged even in an idle state during manual regeneration of the filter 23. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate overcharge of the power storage device (battery 15), warm up the battery by self-heating, and the like.
- the hybrid construction machine idle A load equivalent to time can be applied to the engine 7. This can prevent the regeneration of the filter 23 from being interrupted during the continuous regeneration.
- the 10 power running possible amount of a motor generator is changed according to a hydraulic pump load, the situation where the supply power to the hydraulic pump 6 is insufficient can be avoided.
- the power running possible amount of the motor generator 10 is the same value as that at the time of manual regeneration. Therefore, it is possible to continue filter regeneration in an idle state without distinguishing between manual regeneration and continuous regeneration of filter regeneration. Thus, the normal operability can be maintained even during filter regeneration.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an actuator drive system provided with a second embodiment of the control device for a hybrid construction machine according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an electric diagram of the second embodiment of the control device for the hybrid construction machine according to the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the control system of a generator. 7 and 8, the same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 are the same parts, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the second embodiment of the control device for a hybrid construction machine according to the present invention shown in FIG. 7 is composed of almost the same equipment as the first embodiment, but differs in the following configuration.
- the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that an electric heater 26 and an inverter 27 that controls electric power supplied to the electric heater 26 are newly provided in the vicinity of the filter 23.
- an electric heater 26 and an inverter 27 are added to the schematic diagram of the actuator drive system provided with the first embodiment of the control device for the hybrid construction machine shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, signal lines and some of the components are omitted from FIG.
- the electric heater 26 generates heat by the electric power generated by the motor generator 10 or the electric power supplied from the battery 15 that is a power storage device, raises the temperature of the filter 23, and promotes filter regeneration. Used for.
- the charge / discharge request signal is input from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 to the torque command value calculation unit 310.
- the charge request is issued from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309. The only difference is that only the signal is input to the torque command value calculation unit 310.
- an electric heater control unit 801 is provided, and a discharge request signal is input from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309.
- the electric heater control unit 801 calculates a command to the inverter 27 according to the input discharge request signal, and outputs the calculated command signal to the inverter 27. As a result, the electric heater 26 is heated.
- the discharge request signal from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 is not input to the torque command value calculation unit 310, the discharge request signal does not affect the control of the motor generator 10. .
- the motor generator 10 does not power.
- the engine torque can always be maintained at or above the idle load, so that the operating point of the engine 7 can be prevented from deviating from the filter reproducible region.
- the motor generator 10 When a charge request signal is input from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 to the torque command value calculation unit 310, the motor generator 10 performs a regenerative operation, so the load on the engine 7 increases and the exhaust gas temperature rises. As a result, the temperature of the filter 23 can be increased.
- the motor generator 10 when a discharge request signal is output from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309, the motor generator 10 does not operate, but the filter 23 is heated by heating the electric heater 26 from the electric heater control unit 801 via the inverter 27. Can be raised.
- the discharge request and the charge request from the charge / discharge request calculation unit 309 can be executed without restriction, warming up of the power storage device (battery 15) by self-heating can be executed efficiently.
- the engine load is generated by the motor generator 10 in response to the charging request from the power storage device (battery 15). Therefore, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be raised. Further, in response to a discharge request from the power storage device (battery 15), power is supplied to the electric heater 26, so that the catalyst temperature of the filter 23 can be easily raised and maintained. As a result, filter regeneration can be performed efficiently.
- the motor generator 10 is not operated in response to a discharge request from the power storage device (battery 15).
- the exhaust gas temperature can be easily maintained at a high temperature.
- the battery can be easily warmed up by self-heating.
- a second electric heater may be provided for warming up the battery in addition to the first electric heater for filter regeneration.
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Abstract
Description
蓄電装置の暖機は電動発電機を作動させて充放電を行う。蓄電装置の充電のために電動発電機を回生させると蓄電量が増加するので、所定値まで充電できるが、蓄電装置の放電のために電動発電機を力行させるとエンジンの負荷が減るので、排気ガスの高温を維持できなくなる。また、蓄電装置の充電量が所定値以上のときには、電動発電機の回生が困難になる。これらのことにより、蓄電装置の暖機中には「フィルタ再生」を中断しなければならない可能性が生じる。
図1において、ハイブリッドショベル1は、垂直方向にそれぞれ回動するブーム1a、アーム1b及びバケット1cを有する多関節型のフロント装置1Aと、上部旋回体1d及び下部走行体1eを有する車体1Bとを備えている。フロント装置1Aのブーム1aの基端は、上部旋回体1dの前部に垂直方向に回動可能に支持されている。ブーム1a、アーム1b、バケット1c、上部旋回体1d及び下部走行体1eは、ブームシリンダ3a、アームシリンダ3b、バケットシリンダ3c、旋回用電動発電機16(図2参照)及び左右の走行モータ3e、3fによりそれぞれ駆動される。なお、ブーム1a、アーム1b、バケット1c、及び下部走行体1eを駆動する油圧アクチュエータ3a~3c,3e,3fを油圧作業部という。
(1)油圧ポンプ6に必要な動力を供給するための制御
油圧ポンプ6の油圧負荷(ポンプ吸収トルク)が大きく、エンジン7の動力だけでは十分な動力を供給できない場合に、電動発電機10を力行動作させて油圧ポンプ6に十分な動力を供給する。このアシスト動作をパワーアシストと呼ぶ。また、エンジン7のアイドル状態からの復帰時など、エンジン7の目標回転数に対して、エンジンの実回転数の乖離が大きい場合には、電動発電機10を力行動作させて、エンジン7の実回転数を素早く目標回転数に合致させる。このアシスト動作を加速アシストと呼ぶ。
(2)エンジン7の動力を平滑化するための制御
油圧ポンプ6の油圧負荷(ポンプ吸収トルク)が急峻に増加する場合には電動発電機10を力行動作させ、油圧ポンプ6の油圧負荷(ポンプ吸収トルク)が急峻に減少する場合には電動発電機10を回生動作させることで、エンジン動力の変化率が徐変するような制御を行う。この制御によって、排気ガス中の有害物質の生成を抑制することができる。
(3)蓄電残量を管理するための制御
油圧ポンプ6の油圧負荷(ポンプ吸収トルク)が小さく、且つ、バッテリコントローラ20によって算出されるバッテリ15の蓄電残量が少ないときは、インバータ12を制御して電動発電機10を発電機として動作させる回生制御を行い、余剰の電力を発生させるとともに、発生した余剰電力をバッテリ15に蓄える制御を行う。逆に、油圧ポンプ6の油圧負荷(ポンプ吸収トルク)が大きく、且つ、バッテリコントローラ20によって算出されるバッテリ15の蓄電残量が所定量以上あるときは、インバータ12を制御して電動発電機10にバッテリ15の電力を供給して電動発電機10を電動機として動作させる力行制御を行い、油圧ポンプ6をアシスト駆動する。
(4)フィルタ再生時の制御
車体コントローラ11は、フィルタ再生実施の判断を行い、フィルタ再生中は、上記(1)~(3)の制御内容に対して各種の制限制御を実施する。
力行可能量演算部313での演算方法について図4を用いて説明する。図4は本発明のハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置の第1の実施の形態における力行可能量演算部の演算方法の一例を説明するための回転数―トルクマップ図である。
第1の実施の形態においては、充放電要求演算部309から充放電要求信号がトルク指令値演算部310に入力していたが、本実施の形態においては、充放電要求演算部309から充電要求信号のみがトルク指令値演算部310に入力される点が異なる。
Claims (6)
- エンジンと、エンジンによって駆動され発電可能な電動発電機と、前記エンジンと前記電動発電機の合計トルクで駆動される油圧ポンプと、前記油圧ポンプから吐出された圧油で駆動する複数の油圧アクチュエータと、前記電動発電機が発電した電力を蓄積し、前記電動発電機を駆動する電力を供給する蓄電装置と、前記蓄電装置と前記電動発電機との間の電力授受を行うインバータと、前記エンジンの排気ガス中の粒子状物質を捕集するフィルタと、前記電動発電機の力行動作または回生動作を制御するために前記インバータへ指令信号を出力する制御部を備えたハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置において、
前記制御部は、前記フィルタの再生の要求を判断するフィルタ再生判断部と、
前記電動発電機の通常のトルク指令を演算するトルク指令値演算部と、前記トルク指令値演算部が演算した前記電動発電機の通常のトルク指令と前記フィルタ再生判断部が判断した前記フィルタの再生の要求信号とを入力して、これらの信号に応じて前記指令信号を演算する力行動作制限部とを有し、
前記力行動作制限部は、前記フィルタの再生の要求信号があるときには、前記電動発電機の力行動作を制限する指令信号を演算する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置において、
前記フィルタの差圧を検出する差圧センサをさらに備え、
前記フィルタ再生判断部は、前記差圧センサが検出した前記フィルタの差圧信号を入力し、オペレータの操作による手動再生要求なのか、前記フィルタの差圧信号による連続再生要求なのかを判断し、
前記フィルタ再生判断部において、前記フィルタの手動再生の要求信号があると判断したとき、前記力行動作制限部は、前記電動発電機の力行動作を予め定めた所定値以下に制限する指令信号を演算する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載のハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置において、
前記油圧ポンプの負荷を演算する油圧負荷演算部と、前記油圧負荷演算部が演算した前記油圧ポンプの負荷を入力して、前記油圧ポンプの負荷に応じて前記電動発電機の力行可能量を演算する力行可能量演算部をさらに備え、
前記フィルタ再生判断部において、前記フィルタの連続再生の要求信号があると判断したときに、前記力行動作制限部は、前記電動発電機の力行動作を前記力行可能量演算部が演算した前記電動発電機の力行可能量よりも小さくする指令信号を演算する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載のハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置において、
前記複数の油圧アクチュエータの動作を指示する操作レバー装置と、前記操作レバー装置の操作信号を入力して、オペレータの操作の状態を判断するレバー入力判断部とをさらに備え、
前記フィルタ再生判断部において、前記フィルタの連続再生の要求信号があると判断し、かつ前記レバー入力判断部において、オペレータの操作有り状態であると判断したときに、前記力行動作制限部は、前記電動発電機の力行動作を前記力行可能量演算部が演算した前記電動発電機の力行可能量よりも小さくする指令信号を演算する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置において、
前記複数の油圧アクチュエータの動作を指示する操作レバー装置と、前記操作レバー装置の操作信号を入力して、オペレータの操作の状態を判断するレバー入力判断部とをさらに備え、
前記フィルタの再生の要求信号があると共に、前記レバー入力判断部において、オペレータの操作が無い状態であると判断したときに、前記力行動作制限部は、前記電動発電機の力行動作を予め定めた所定値以下に制限する指令信号を演算する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置において、
前記フィルタの近傍に設けられた電熱ヒータと、前記電熱ヒータへ供給する前記蓄電装置からの電力を制御する第2のインバータと、前記蓄電装置の電圧と温度とを検出するバッテリセンサとを備え、
前記制御部は、前記バッテリセンサが検出した前記蓄電装置の電圧と温度とを入力し、これらに基づいて前記蓄電装置の蓄電残量を演算し、前記蓄電装置に対する充電要求信号と放電要求信号を算出する充放電要求演算部と、前記放電要求信号を入力して前記電熱ヒータへ供給する電力指令信号を演算する電熱ヒータ制御部とを有し、前記充電要求信号は前記トルク指令値演算部に入力し、
前記力行動作制限部は、前記フィルタの再生の要求信号があるときであって、前記充電要求信号があるときには、前記電動発電機の回生動作の指令信号を演算し、前記電熱ヒータ制御部は、前記フィルタの再生の要求信号があるときであって、前記放電要求信号があるときには、前記電熱ヒータへ供給する電力指令信号を演算する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド建設機械の制御装置。
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