WO2016147245A1

WO2016147245A1 - Floating wind power generation system and floating combined power generation system

Info

Publication number: WO2016147245A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/057431
Authority: WO
Inventors: 向井　寛; 茂久舩橋; 守木村
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2015-03-13
Filing date: 2015-03-13
Publication date: 2016-09-22

Abstract

Provided is a floating wind power generation system such that vibration and tilting of a floating body and a wind turbine are effectively suppressed and high power generation efficiency is achieved. The system is characterized by comprising: a floating body that is moored offshore or in a river by means of a mooring body; a wind turbine that is disposed on the floating body and generates electric power by receiving wind; a state detection means for detecting a state of the floating body or the wind turbine; and resistance bodies that are disposed on an underwater section of the floating body and are subjected to drag from water flow. The system is further characterized in that the resistance bodies are disposed such that the positions of the resistance bodies on the floating body can be changed, and the positions of the resistance bodies are controlled in accordance with a detection value of the state detection means.

Description

Water wind power generation system and water combined power generation system

The present invention relates to a wind power generation facility, and more particularly to suppression of vibration and inclination of a wind power generation facility installed on a floating body moored offshore or in a river.

Conventionally, wind power generation facilities have been built mainly on the ground, but recently, construction on the coast and offshore has been started for reasons such as securing land accompanying the increase in size. On the ocean, especially when installing wind power generation facilities on a floating body moored on the ocean, since the rigidity of the installation base is low compared to the ground, problems due to the swinging and tilting of the wind power generation facilities have become obvious, Problems such as a reduction in power generation efficiency arise.

For example, when the amount of oscillation increases, a huge fluctuating stress acts on the tower and the blade, which causes a reduction in the life of the equipment. Further, with the inclination, there is a problem that the projected area of the windmill with respect to the main wind flow is reduced and the power generation amount is reduced. Various countermeasures have been studied for these problems.

As a background art in this technical field, for example, there is a technique such as Patent Document 1. Patent Document 1 discloses a “wind power generator equipped with a pitch angle control mechanism for controlling the pitch angle of a wind turbine blade based on a blade pitch angle command”.

According to the wind power generator disclosed in Patent Document 1, vibration can be suppressed by capturing vibration from the nacelle acceleration information and performing feedback control on the blade pitch angle.

Patent Document 2 discloses “a method for reducing vibration of an offshore wind turbine including one or more underwater propulsion devices”.

According to the method of reducing the vibration of the offshore wind turbine of Patent Document 2, the vibration of the windmill is measured, and based on the result, the propulsion device provided in the floating body can be driven to suppress the vibration.

Japanese Patent No. 4599350 JP-T-2014-500909

As described above, in a wind power generation facility installed on a floating body moored offshore or in a river, it is necessary to effectively suppress vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill.

However, in Patent Document 1 described above, the initial vibration generated in the windmill can be suppressed, but the energy used for vibration suppression is minute, and it is difficult to suppress large vibrations that have developed to some extent and the inclination of the floating body.

In Patent Document 2, the problem of vibration and inclination can be solved by increasing the propulsive force, but energy for obtaining the propulsive force is required.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a floating wind power generation system with high power generation efficiency by effectively suppressing vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill in a wind power generation facility installed on a floating body moored offshore or in a river. There is.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combined power generation system with high power generation efficiency by effectively suppressing vibration and inclination of a floating body and a windmill in a wind power generation facility installed on a floating body moored offshore or in a river. It is to provide.

In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention provides a floating body moored offshore or in a river by a mooring body, a windmill installed on the floating body and generating power by receiving wind, and the state of the floating body or the windmill. A state detecting means for detecting a water flow, and a resistor provided in an underwater portion of the floating body for receiving resistance to water flow, the resistor being provided so that a position in the floating body can be changed, and the detection of the state detecting means The position of the resistor is controlled according to the value.

A floating body moored offshore or in a river by a mooring body, a water turbine provided in an underwater portion of the floating body and generating power by receiving a water flow, a windmill installed on the floating body and receiving wind to generate power, and the floating body, Alternatively, a state detection unit that detects a state of the windmill is provided, and the position of the water turbine is controlled according to a detection value of the state detection unit.

According to the present invention, in a wind power generation facility installed on a floating body moored offshore or in a river, a floating wind power generation system with high power generation efficiency can be realized by effectively suppressing the vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill.

In addition, according to the present invention, in a wind power generation facility installed on a floating body moored offshore or in a river, it is possible to effectively suppress the vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill, and realize a combined power generation system with high power generation efficiency. .

Issues, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of the embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure (diagonal projection) which shows the whole outline | summary of the surface wind power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure (front view) which shows the whole outline | summary of the surface wind power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the fluid force which acts on the underwater resistor of the surface wind power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the fluid force which acts on the underwater resistor inclined by angle (theta). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure (diagonal projection) which shows the whole outline | summary of the surface wind power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure (diagonal projection) which shows the whole outline | summary of the surface wind power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure (front view) which shows the whole outline | summary of the combined water power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description of overlapping portions is omitted.

The water-based wind power generation system in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an overall outline of the surface wind power generation system according to the present embodiment as viewed from an oblique direction. FIG. 2 shows an overall overview of the surface wind power generation system of this embodiment as viewed from the front. 3 and 4 show a part of the underwater portion of the surface wind power generation system of this embodiment.

In each drawing, for the sake of convenience, the direction of water flow is defined as the y direction, the upward direction is defined as the z direction, and the direction perpendicular to the water flow is defined as the x direction.

1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a wind turbine blade. A plurality of blades 1 are connected to a hub to constitute a rotor. A rotor composed of a plurality of blades 1 and a hub rotates by receiving wind.

A pitch angle control mechanism (not shown) is provided at the connecting portion between each blade 1 and the hub. With this pitch angle control mechanism, the mounting angle of each blade (blade) 1 to the hub is controlled, and the pitch angle is controlled so that each blade (blade) can receive wind efficiently.

2 is a nacelle, and the nacelle 2 rotatably supports a hub to which blades (blades) 1 are connected, and includes a speed increaser, a generator, and the like. The rotational energy of the hub is converted into electric power by a generator.

3 is a tower that supports the nacelle 2 in a rotatable manner. A connecting portion between the tower 3 and the nacelle 2 is provided with a yaw control mechanism (not shown). By this yaw control mechanism, the position of the nacelle 2 on the tower 3, that is, the direction of the rotor is controlled, and the yaw control is performed so that the rotor can receive the wind to the maximum extent.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a calculation control means, which includes an acceleration detection means for detecting acceleration acting on a floating wind power generation system, that is, a floating body 8 or a windmill installed on the floating body 8, and includes a drive mechanism 6 (6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 6 d). The operation amount (drive amount) is calculated and output.

For example, the acceleration detecting means detects acceleration directly like an acceleration sensor, or wind speed information and wind direction information acting on the wing (blade) 1 and the nacelle 2, the attitude of the rotor, the rotational speed of the rotor, and the wind turbine The acceleration is predicted from the power generation amount.

Further, instead of the acceleration detection means, a displacement sensor that detects the amount of change in the position of the floating body 8 or the wind turbine installed on the floating body 8 may be used.

These are not limited to the acceleration sensor and the displacement sensor, but may be provided with other state detection means for monitoring the state of vibration or inclination of the floating body 8 or the windmill installed on the floating body 8.

Further, the state detection means such as an acceleration sensor or a displacement sensor may be provided in a place other than the calculation control means 4 and the detected information may be transmitted to the calculation control means 4.

5 is a water line, and structures below the water line 5 are located in the water. Reference numerals 6a to 6d denote drive mechanisms, which are fixed to the floating body 8, and control the postures (positions) of the underwater resistors 7a to 7d independently by the arithmetic control means 4.

The underwater resistors 7a to 7d have, for example, a plate-like structure as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the angle changes depending on the operation of the drive mechanisms 6a to 6d.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a floating body, which floats on the water such as the ocean or river, and supports the entire structure. 9 is a mooring mechanism to which a mooring wire 10 is connected. The mooring wire 10 is for mooring the floating body 8 to the ocean or a river, and the tip of the mooring wire 10 is fixed to the seabed or the riverbed. The mooring mechanism 9 is provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the floating body 8.
For example, the floating body 8 can be moored without the mooring wire 10 being wound around the floating body 8 or the like even when a vortex or turbulent flow is generated in the ocean current or river flow.

It should be noted that the offshore wind power generation system of this embodiment is premised on being installed in a location with a water current such as a sea current or a river flow, and in this embodiment, it is installed on the ocean with a sea current. The direction of is the y direction.

3 and 4, the fluid force acting on the underwater resistor 7 (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) that receives the resistance of the water flow will be described. FIG. 3 is a view of the underwater resistor 7c and the drive mechanism 6c as seen from the x direction. In FIG. 3, the ocean current flows from left to right (y direction), and the hydrodynamic force Fy acts on the underwater resistor 7c in the y direction. The fluid force Fz in the z direction hardly acts.

On the other hand, in FIG. 4, the underwater resistor 7c is inclined at an angle θ by the drive mechanism 6c, and as a result, the fluid force Fy is decreased and the fluid force Fz is increased.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, four underwater resistors 7a to 7d are disposed at positions where the mooring mechanism 9, that is, the connecting portion between the mooring wire 10 and the floating body 8 is sandwiched. By independently adjusting the inclination angle θ, it is possible to freely create torque around the mooring mechanism 9 by the hydrodynamic force of the ocean current around the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis. It becomes possible to cancel the inclination and vibration of the windmill installed on the top with the hydrodynamic force of the ocean current.

That is, the state of the float 8 or the wind turbine installed on the float 8 is detected by the state detection means such as the displacement sensor or the acceleration sensor described above, and the underwater resistor 7 against the water flow according to the detected state. By increasing the projected area of (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), it is possible to effectively suppress the vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill.

In addition, in the present Example, although demonstrated using the example of the one mooring surface wind power generation system which moored the floating body 8 with the one mooring wire 10, the surface wind power generation system using two or more mooring wires The same effect can be obtained in. In the case of a single mooring, the movement in the y direction is restricted, whereas the movement in the x direction can be restricted by using two or more mooring wires.

Further, the suppression of vibration and inclination of the floating body or windmill by the underwater resistor described in the present embodiment is limited to an upwind type windmill in which a rotor is installed on the windward side of the nacelle as shown in FIGS. Even if it is a downwind type windmill which installs a rotor in the leeward side of a nacelle, the same effect can be acquired.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, even when two underwater resistors provided on the floating body are provided on the upper side of the floating body, the effect of generating the fluid force Fz is reduced as compared with FIGS. The vibration and inclination of the floating body and windmill can be suppressed. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, the fluid force Fz can be increased by increasing the area of one underwater resistor.

As described above, according to the surface wind power generation system of the present embodiment, it is possible to effectively suppress the vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill, and to realize a surface wind power generation system with high power generation efficiency.

In addition, since the energy of the water flow is overwhelmingly larger than the energy of the air current, it can cope with large vibrations and inclinations, and the effect is remarkable with a small amount of energy (driving force) that only changes the posture of the underwater resistor. Can get.

The water-based combined power generation system in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 shows an overall outline of the combined water power generation system of this embodiment as viewed from the front.

Although the basic structure of the combined water power generation system of the present embodiment is similar to that of the floating wind power generation system of the first embodiment, a hydro turbine 12 is used instead of the underwater resistor 7 provided in the underwater portion of the floating body 8. (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) is different from the surface wind power generation system of Example 1 in that it is provided.

In parallel with the wind power generation by the windmill installed on the floating body 8, hydroelectric power generation by the water turbine 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) is performed under the surface of the water.

The water wheel 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) is connected to the floating body 8 by a support member 13. This turbine 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) can control the pitch angle of the blades (blades) and the direction of the turbine relative to the water flow, that is, the yaw control of the turbine, similarly to the wind turbine installed on the floating body 8. It is provided in the floating body 8 so that

The water turbine 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) performs pitch angle control or yaw control in accordance with fluctuations in the flow velocity or direction of the water flow, and the operation control is performed so that the rotation speed and torque of the water turbine are within a predetermined range. Done. For example, the y-direction force acting on the water wheel is called a thrust force, and the force acting on the water wheel can be adjusted by the pitch angle.

In this embodiment, four water turbines are arranged around the mooring mechanism 9, that is, the connecting portion between the floating body 8 and the mooring wire 10. By adjusting the pitch angle of each water wheel independently, the torque around the x axis and the z axis at the position of the mooring mechanism 9 can be controlled.

Further, when the water wheel 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) rotates, torque around the y-axis is generated according to the amount of power generation. The torque around the y-axis acting on the mooring mechanism 9 is the resultant force of the four turbines, and the power generation amount can be adjusted by the pitch angle control and yaw control of each turbine 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d). It is.

As described above, the pitch angle control, yaw control of each water wheel 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d), and the amount of power generated by the water wheel 12 are adjusted, so that the mooring mechanism 9 is the center and the x axis, the y axis, and the z axis. Can be freely generated, and the inclination and vibration of the windmill provided on the floating body 8 can be canceled.

Similarly to the first embodiment, the state of vibration or inclination of the floating body 8 or the windmill installed on the floating body 8 is detected by a state detection unit such as a displacement sensor or an acceleration sensor, and the water turbine is changed according to the detected state. By adjusting the pitch angle control of 12 (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d), the yaw control, and the amount of power generated by the water turbine 12, the vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill can be effectively suppressed.

As described above, according to the combined power generation system of the present embodiment, the combined power generation system with high power generation efficiency is achieved by effectively suppressing the vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill and simultaneously generating power in the water. Can be realized.

As in the first embodiment, the same effect can be obtained in either the floating body moored by one mooring wire or the floating body moored by two or more mooring wires.

Further, the same effect can be obtained regardless of whether the windmill installed on the floating body is an upwind type or a downwind type windmill.

Further, the water wheel installed in the water is not limited to four water wheels as shown in FIG. 7, but a connecting part of the floating body and the mooring wire like the underwater resistor 7 (7a, 7c) in FIG. Even when two units are installed so as to sandwich them, vibration and inclination of the floating body and the windmill can be suppressed.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned Example, Various modifications are included. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wing | blade (blade), 2 ... Nacelle, 3 ... Tower, 4 ... Calculation control means, 5 ... Waterline, 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d ... Drive mechanism, 7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d ... Underwater resistance Body, 8 ... Floating body, 9 ... Mooring mechanism, 10 ... Mooring wire, 11 ... Water surface, 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d ... Water wheel, 13 ... Supporting member.

Claims

Floating bodies moored offshore or in rivers by mooring bodies;
A windmill installed on the floating body and generating electricity by receiving wind;
State detection means for detecting the state of the floating body or the windmill;
A resistor that is provided in an underwater portion of the floating body and receives resistance of water flow,
The above-mentioned resistor is provided so that the position in the floating body can be changed, and the position of the resistor is controlled according to the detection value of the state detection means.
The surface wind power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the state detection means is a displacement sensor that detects a change amount of the position of the floating body or the windmill.
The surface wind power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the state detection means is an acceleration sensor that detects an acceleration generated in the floating body or the windmill.
The water wind power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least two resistors are provided so as to sandwich a connecting portion between the mooring body and the floating body.
The surface wind power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the resistor is controlled to change a projected area of the resistor with respect to a water flow in accordance with a detection value of the state detection unit. .
The state detection means includes the floating body from at least one parameter among the wind speed acting on the windmill, the wind direction acting on the windmill, the attitude of the windmill, the rotational speed of the windmill, and the power generation amount of the windmill, or Predict the acceleration that occurs in the windmill,
The surface wind power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the position of the resistor is controlled according to the predicted acceleration.
The windmill includes a rotor that rotates by receiving wind;
A nacelle for rotatably supporting the rotor;
A tower that rotatably supports the nacelle,
The surface wind power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the position of the nacelle with respect to the tower and the position of the resistor with respect to the floating body are controlled in accordance with a detection value of the state detection means.
Floating bodies moored offshore or in rivers by mooring bodies;
A water wheel provided in an underwater portion of the floating body and generating electricity by receiving a water flow;
A windmill installed on the floating body and generating electricity by receiving wind;
A state detecting means for detecting the state of the floating body or the windmill,
A combined hydroelectric power generation system that controls the position of the water wheel according to a detection value of the state detection means.
The combined power generation system on water according to claim 8, wherein the state detection means is a displacement sensor that detects a change amount of a position of the floating body or the windmill.
The combined power generation system on water according to claim 8, wherein the state detection means is an acceleration sensor that detects acceleration generated in the floating body or the windmill.
The water turbine combined power generation system according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein at least two water turbines are provided so as to sandwich a connecting portion between the mooring body and the floating body.
11. The combined hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 8, wherein the water wheel is controlled so as to change a resistance of the water wheel with respect to a water flow in accordance with a detection value of the state detection unit.
The state detection means includes the floating body from at least one parameter among the wind speed acting on the windmill, the wind direction acting on the windmill, the attitude of the windmill, the rotational speed of the windmill, and the power generation amount of the windmill, or Predict the acceleration that occurs in the windmill,
The combined hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 8, wherein the position of the water wheel is controlled according to the predicted acceleration.
The windmill includes a rotor that rotates by receiving wind,
A nacelle for rotatably supporting the rotor;
A tower that rotatably supports the nacelle,
9. The combined hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 8, wherein the position of the nacelle with respect to the tower and the position of the water turbine with respect to the floating body are controlled in accordance with a detection value of the state detection means.