WO2016142568A1 - Análogos de ferruginol como agentes antivirales - Google Patents
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- WO2016142568A1 WO2016142568A1 PCT/ES2016/070164 ES2016070164W WO2016142568A1 WO 2016142568 A1 WO2016142568 A1 WO 2016142568A1 ES 2016070164 W ES2016070164 W ES 2016070164W WO 2016142568 A1 WO2016142568 A1 WO 2016142568A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/05—Phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C39/12—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
- C07C39/17—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings containing other rings in addition to the six-membered aromatic rings, e.g. cyclohexylphenol
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to antiviral compounds derived from abietans, specifically ferruginol analog compounds, for use against viruses of the Flaviviridae and Herpesviridae families, mainly against the various dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1-4) and human herpesviruses type 1 (HHV-1) and type 2 (HHV-2).
- viruses of the Flaviviridae and Herpesviridae families mainly against the various dengue virus serotypes (DENV 1-4) and human herpesviruses type 1 (HHV-1) and type 2 (HHV-2).
- Dengue virus is a virus wrapped on the surface of which is the envelope protein (E) which acts as a ligand to bind to cell receptors during cell infection. Its genome is a simple RNA chain, which codes for a single polyprotein that, after being olivized by viral and cellular proteases, will give rise to 3 structural and 7 non-structural proteins important for the replicative process. To date, four serotypes have been described (DENV-1 to DENV-4).
- DENV is transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (aegypty and albopictus species). Epidemiologically it is the most abundant arbovirosis around the world, since they are circulating with less and less ecological restrictions, both the virus and the vector, in more than one hundred countries in the tropical belt and close to the tropics, both in the Old and New World; causing a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from dengue with or without alarm signs to severe dengue, which can be fatal because it alters capillary permeability and induces plasma extravasation. In addition, there are reports of the disease with unusual manifestations, such as cardiomyopathy, liver failure and neurological disorders.
- Human herpesviruses type 1 and type 2 (HHV-1 and HHV-2), are viruses wrapped with double-stranded DNA, which produce lesions mainly at the level of the oral and genital cavity; additionally, they exert latency in sensory neurons, causing periods of reactivation of the infection throughout the host's life. Although this disease and its recurrences are usually self-limited in immunocompetent individuals, some severe complications can occur frequently, such as keratoconjunctivitis, meningitis and encephalitis, particularly in newborns and immunocompromised individuals such as transplanted and immunodeficient individuals.
- herpes may occur in an unusual manner and with a higher recurrence rate; In these individuals the appearance of herpetic vesicles is a cofactor for the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), given the exposure of the skin when the herpetic vesicles are broken. It is known that there is a synergism between HHV and HIV (Nagot et al., 2007). Of the human herpesviruses, HHV-2 is the most common causative agent of genital ulcers in the world, which is detected in 60-90% of people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV / AIDS).
- HIV Human Immunodeficiency virus
- HHV-2 infection may increase susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.
- proteins encoded by HHV-2 bind to integrated HIV-1 DNA in coinfected cells and promote direct transcription of HIV-1
- asymptomatic or symptomatic reactivation of HHV-2 causes an increase in viral load in blood and genital tract of HIV-1 (Schacker et al., 2002); Additionally, the risk of HIV-1 transmission is increased 4 times in people with symptomatic genital ulcer disease caused by HHV-2.
- HHV-2 therapy for 8-12 weeks significantly reduces HIV-1 viral load levels by 2.5 to 5 copies / ml_ (Nagot et al., 2007).
- CD4 T cells that infiltrate the site of the HHV lesion have a high expression of CCR5, in the proximity of dendritic cells expressing CD123, a receptor capable of transferring the HIV virus to healthy CD4 T cells. This could represent a greater local replication of HIV and a risk for its systemic dissemination, which may depend on the extent and duration of local inflammation caused by the patient's immunity.
- the Human Immunodeficiency virus in addition, is capable of modifying the form of presentation of herpetic infections, resulting in the appearance of unclassical clinical modalities. (Nagot et al., 2007).
- the interaction between HHV-1 and HHV-2 viruses and HIV-1 constitutes a major health problem for our countries and for the world, because they could increase the incidence of AIDS from cases infected with human herpesviruses.
- antiherpetic treatment can accelerate the healing process, reduce pain and delay or prevent recurrent outbreaks.
- the treatment is used only during the outbreak. This is called “episodic therapy.”
- outbreaks are often very frequent and require long-term treatment to prevent recurrences. This is called “suppressive therapy.”
- AISMED herpes
- Acyclovir It has been studied and used for many years as a treatment for oral and genital herpes and has been shown to be safe and effective. Acyclovir is available in topical creams, pills and in an intravenous formulation. Most experts agree that the cream is not very effective and that the pills are better for mild to moderate outbreaks, or for long-term suppressive therapy. Intravenous acyclovir is used to treat severe outbreaks or for episodes in which internal organs are affected (especially HHV infection in the central nervous system). The oral dose used to treat outbreaks is 400 mg three to four times a day, usually for 7 to 10 days.
- This dose can be doubled if the herpetic vesicles do not respond to treatment. Taking 400 mg of the medication three times a day or 800 mg of the medication twice a day, for longer periods of time, could prevent the reactivation of outbreaks. But usually, this is recommended only in patients who have a history of frequent reactivations. People who receive intravenous acyclovir should have renal function checked at least once a week during intravenous treatment.
- Valaciclovir is a "pro-drug" of Acyclovir and has been specifically approved for the treatment of herpes in HIV positive people. Unlike acyclovir, valacyclovir needs to be processed in the cell by the enzyme valacyclovir hydroxylase that transforms it into acyclovir and valine, to generate its active ingredient (acyclovir) (Li et al., 2008). This causes larger amounts of acyclovir to be present at the site of action that is intracellular, thus allowing a lower oral dose (by mouth), during medication. For mild to moderate herpetic outbreaks, valacyclovir is taken by mouth only once a day (1000 mg every day).
- valacyclovir For episodic therapy, valacyclovir is taken for 7 to 10 days. However, the medicine can be taken every day for a longer time, using half the dose needed to treat the outbreaks (500 mg every day). As with acyclovir, valacyclovir rarely causes side effects.
- Penciclovir It is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections, it has low toxicity and good selectivity. Because penciclovir is poorly absorbed when administered orally, it is used more as a topical treatment, and is the active ingredient in cold sore medications - Denavir (NDC 0135-0315-52), Vectavir and Fenivir. Famciclovir is a prodrug of penciclovir with improved oral bioavailability. (Mansfield Dale, 2005)
- Famciclovir (Famvir): It is an active antiviral drug by mouth. It is the 6-deoxylated analogue of penciclovir that is used topically and intravenously. Usually, 500 mg of the medication is taken orally for 7 to 10 days. The daily dose of 250 mg taken for longer periods of time is considered safe and effective as a preventive therapy for the reactivation of herpetic outbreaks (Patel, 2002; Mansfield Dale, 2005).
- herpetic outbreaks do not respond to acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, probably due to the development of drug-resistant forms of HHV-1 and HHV-2. It has been seen that HIV positive patients with a weakened immune system (usually with a T-cell count less than 100), who have received long-term acyclovir for the treatment and prevention of reactivation of herpetic outbreaks, develop resistance to Herpes medications Because acyclovir is similar to valacyclovir and famciclovir, simply switching to either of these two medications is generally not effective.
- foscarnet which is the conjugate base of HOOC-PO3H2 phosphonoformic acid
- IV intravenously
- herpes and dengue viruses require components of the cytoskeleton, such as actin microtubules and microfilaments during various stages of their replicative cycle (mainly at the entrance, transport and release of viral particles) it is possible that the ferruginol analogs reported in The present invention 1 and 2 induce the disruption of these cellular pathways involved in viral propagation.
- Lin et al. (Lin et al., 201 1) reported that chebulgic acid and punicalagina, two hydrolysable tannins isolated from Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae), inhibit HHV-1 cell-to-cell dissemination, verified 24 hours after treatment using a fluorescent plate assay in the presence of anti-HHV-1 neutralizing antibodies.
- Lin et al. (Lin et al., 201 1) reported that chebulgic acid and punicalagina, two hydrolysable tannins isolated from Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae), inhibit HHV-1 cell-to-cell dissemination, verified 24 hours after treatment using a fluorescent plate assay in the presence of anti-HHV-1 neutralizing antibodies.
- Ekblad et al. Antivir. Chem. Chemother.
- Diterpenoid abietanos are widely distributed in the plant kingdom presenting a wide range of biological activities.
- Ferruginol a diterpenoid phenol isolated from plants belonging to the Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae families, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal and antimicrobial, acaricidal, cardioactive, antioxidant, antiplasmodium, antileishmania and nematicide (González et al., 2012), anticancer, immunomodulator (Takei et al., 2005), anti- / Acanf 7 amoe£> a (Kuzma et al., 2015), antimalaric and antiulcer (González et al., 2014), among other.
- the present invention describes the antiviral activity: anti-DENV and anti-herpetic activity, both in strains resistant to existing treatments such as acivlovir (ACV) and ACV sensitive; taking into account that HHV cause infection at the skin and mucous level; hence, with the abietano-type derivatives, pharmaceutical forms such as topical creams and gels with anti-herpetic activity can be prepared. Similarly, systemic pharmaceutical forms can be created to treat both viruses, specifically dengue virus.
- the present invention aims to find new antiviral candidates that act on cellular and / or molecular targets instead of acting on virus-specific structural and non-structural viral proteins, so that their action against the virus does not depend on mutability.
- the abietanos derivatives synthesized from dehydroabyethylamine of the invention have excellent activity against dengue serotype virus 2 (DENV-2) and against human herpesviruses type 1 (HHV-1) and 2 (HHV-2).
- DENV-2 dengue serotype virus 2
- HHV-1 and 2 HHV-2
- the most active compounds have an action on the viral cycle in post-infective stages, and due to the dramatic reduction in the size of lysis plaques, its effect is considered to be related to the alteration of some cellular mechanism involved in dissemination. of infection to neighboring cells.
- the present invention relates firstly to a compound, ferruginol analogue, of formula (I)
- R 1 , R 2 R 3 and X can independently have the following meaning: - R 1 can be CH 2 -phthalimido, CH 2 -succinimido, CH 2 -maleimido, CH 2 -NHCOCH 3 , CH 2 - NHCOCFs, CHO, CH 2 OH, (Ci-Ce) carboxy ester, CH 3 and where R 1 can have any stereochemistry,
- R 2 may be H, OH, F, Cl, Br, N0 2 , NH 2 , (Ci-C 6 ) alkylamino, di (Ci-C 6 ) alkylamino, (Ci-C6) alkylamide, di (Ci-C6 ) alkylamide,
- - R 3 can be H, OH,
- - X may be H 2 , O, OH, NOH, where X may have any stereochemistry in the appropriate case, such as when it is OH, including any stereoisomer, such as epimers and isomers in position 4, with the proviso that no the conditions that give rise to the following compounds are met:
- the compounds, ferruginol analogs, of formula (I) are useful as an antiviral drug against enveloped viruses.
- the compounds, ferruginol analogs, of formula (I) of the invention are especially useful against viruses of the Herpesviridae or Flaviviridae family.
- the compounds of formula (I) are more preferably useful against herpes virus and dengue virus, and more preferably even against viral strains HHV-1 and HHV-2 and dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2 ).
- the compounds, ferruginol analogs, of formula (I) of the invention are preferably used in the post-infection stage.
- a more preferred embodiment still relates to a ferruginol analogue of formula (I) of 2, which have a formula:
- compounds 1 and 2 are especially useful against viruses of the Herpesviridae or Flaviviridae family. Preferably among the viruses of these families, compounds 1 and 2 are useful against viruses selected from herpes virus and dengue virus.
- compounds 1 and 2 refers to viruses selected from herpes simplex type 1 and herpes simplex type 2.
- compounds 1 and 2 are useful against dengue virus, especially dengue virus belonging to strain DENV-2.
- Compounds 1 and 2 of the invention are preferably used in the post-infection stage.
- An especially preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) in which R 1 is phthalimido, R 2 is OH, X is H2 - for use against dengue virus type DENV-2 (compound 1).
- a further especially preferred embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I) in which R 1 is -CHO, R 2 is OH, X is H2 (compound 2) for use against dengue serotype 2 virus (DENV- 2) .
- the present invention also relates to a compound, ferruginol analog, of formula (II)
- R 1 can be CH2-phthalimido, CH2-succinimido, CH2-maleimido, CHO, CH2OH, and where R 1 can have any stereochemistry
- R 2 can be F, Cl, Br, NO2, NH2, (Ci-C6) alkylamino, di (Ci-C6) alkylamino, (d-C6) alkylamide, di (Ci-C6) alkylamide
- R 3 can be H, OH
- X can be H2, O, OH, NOH, where X can have any stereochemistry in the appropriate case, such as when it is OH, and including the epimers and isomers in position 4, and with the proviso that the conditions that are not met give rise to the following compounds:
- the compounds of formula (II) of the invention can be prepared by conventional reactions, which do not represent an inventive effort for a person skilled in the art (aromatic nitration reaction, nitro to amine group reduction, Schiemann reaction and Sandmeyer reaction) .
- R 1 is (+) - CH 2 -phthalimido, (+) - CH 2 -succinimido or (+) - CH 2 -maleimido
- R 2 is F, Cl, Br, N0 2 , di (C-C6) alkylamino, (Ci-C6) alkylamide, di (Ci-C6) alkylamide
- R 3 is H
- X is H 2
- a compound of formula (I) or (II) of the invention where X is O can be prepared from a precursor in which X is OH by a conventional oxidation reaction in organic chemistry.
- Figure 1 shows the effect of compounds 1 and 2 on the infectivity of HHV-1, HHV-2 and DENV-2 in Vero cells.
- Figures 1A and 1 B show the results of reducing the size of the viral plaque of compound 1 in the presence of a strain of Acyclovir-sensitive HHV-1 (CDC Atlanta)
- Figures 1 C and 1 D show the results of reducing the size of the viral plaque of compound 2 in the presence of an HHV-2 strain sensitive to Acyclovir (VR-734).
- Figures 1 E and 1 F show results of compound 1 on reducing the size of viral plaque against HHV-1 (strain 29R) resistant to Acyclovir.
- Figure 1 G and 1 H show results of compound 1 on the reduction of viral plaque size against DENV-2 (New Guinea strain).
- the results of the bars are expressed as an average of the plaque area size (in mm) of 80 plaques formed in cells treated with compounds 1 and 2 with respect to untreated viral controls.
- the images show the representation of the image analysis using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software, during treatment with compounds 1 and 2. Statistically significant differences were observed in all experiments p ⁇ 0.001 (***). Two independent experiments were carried out in duplicate for each compound and for each virus.
- DMEM Minimum Modified Essential Medium of Eagle Dulbecco
- MTT technique 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Bovine Fetal Serum (SFB) and the antibiotic penicillin / streptomycin / neomycin (PSN) were purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
- Acyclovir was obtained from the Biogen laboratory. Ribavirin was obtained from Calbiochem (USA).
- Paclitaxel, doxorubicin, amphotericin B and itraconazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. Terbinafine was obtained from Laboratories Recalcine, Santiago, Chile.
- Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
- Vero cells African green monkey kidney cells ATCC CCL-81 were maintained at 37 ° C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, in the logarithmic phase of growth in DMEM, supplemented with 5% inactivated SFB, ⁇ g / mL of penicillin / streptomycin, 2 ⁇ g / mL of neomycin, vitamins (choline chloride, calcium D-pantothenate, folic acid, nicotinamide, pyridoxal hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride and i-inositol), non-essential amino acids and glutamine at 1 %. These cells were used to amplify viruses, perform cytotoxicity tests and antiviral assays.
- the C6 / 36HT cells (A. albopictus cells), used to perform the dengue virus expansion were maintained at 34 ° C in a 10% CO2 atmosphere of SFB, in addition to the conditions described above.
- human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cell lines (HeLa ATCC CCL2), acute T leukemia cells (Jurkat ATCC TIB-152) and human promonocytic cell line (U937 ATCC CRL) were used -1593.2), as well as the Vero cell line (not tumor).
- Vero and HeLa cells were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 5% SFB.
- Jurkat and U937 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (supplemented with 10% SFB), 100 units / mL of penicillin, 100 ⁇ g / mL of neomycin and maintained at 37 ° C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2.
- the determination of the viral titer of the herpetic strains and the dengue virus were carried out by the endpoint titration techniques (EPTT) and cytopathic effect inhibition (ICPE), respectively.
- EPTT endpoint titration techniques
- ICPE cytopathic effect inhibition
- HHV-1 CDC-Atlanta and 29R
- HHV-2 DENV-2
- PFU plaque forming unit
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- the anti-herpetic activity was determined by the End Point Titration Technique (EPTT). For this, Vero cells (2.0 x10 4 cells / well) were used, grown in 96-well dishes at 37 ° C (5% CO2) until formation ⁇ 80% of the cell monolayer. Subsequently a viral solution of 100 DICC50 was prepared, from which five serial dilutions 1: 10 are made.
- EPTT End Point Titration Technique
- a virus mixture (10 DlCCsoVcomposite was made in supplemented DMEM (2% SFB) which contained 1% and 0.5% CMC for HHV-1 and HHV-2, respectively.) This mixture was incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature and was added to the cells In parallel, four serial dilutions of the compounds were added directly on the cell monolayer, in order to determine the 100% cytotoxic concentration, that is, the one that completely destroys the cell monolayer.
- HHV-1 and HHV-2 were fixed and stained with a solution of 3.5% formaldehyde / 0.2% violet crystal and the factor of reduction of the viral titer comparing the effect of the compounds during the infection against the control of the untreated viral titer (which consisted of the five serial dilutions 1: 10 from the 100 DICC50 viral solution).
- the compounds were evaluated in a concentration range of 6.25-50 ⁇ g / mL.
- the controls included were: untreated cells, cells treated with the compounds and cells infected with HHV-1 or HHV-2.
- the positive control included in this experiment was Acyclovir. Two independent quadruplicate experiments were carried out for each virus and for each compound.
- the relevant or moderate antiviral activity of a purified natural product is one whose viral titer reduction factor (Rf) is ⁇ 1x10 3 or 1x10 2 , respectively.
- Rf viral titer reduction factor
- ICPE Cytopathic Effect
- the dishes were incubated at 37 ° C for three days, then fixed and stained with a solution of 3.5% formaldehyde / 0.2% violet crystal and the ICPE was observed under an inverted microscope.
- the compounds were evaluated at a concentration between 6.25 ⁇ g / mL and 25 ⁇ , those compounds that exerted a protective effect on the cell monolayer being considered active in the presence of infection.
- the controls included were: untreated cells, cells treated with the compounds and cells infected with DENV-2.
- the positive control included in this experiment was ribavirin. Two independent quadruplicate experiments were carried out for this trial.
- PFU Plate Forming Units
- Ferrruginol analogues 1 and 2 were evaluated in a concentration range of 0.78 ⁇ g / mL-6.25 ⁇ g / mL and 1.56 ⁇ g / mL-12.5 ⁇ g / mL, respectively for herpes tests, and in a concentration range of 0.05-1.56 ⁇ g / mL for dengue tests.
- Dextran sulfate (DEX-S) was used as a positive control in pre-infective stages.
- Acyclovir (ACV) and Ribavirin (RIBA) were used as a positive control in the post-infective stages of the HHV and DENV-2 strains, respectively.
- the EC50 values for each compound were obtained by linear regression analysis of dose-response curves, using the statistical program GraphPad Prism 5.0 and was expressed as the mean ⁇ the standard deviation of three independent tests in duplicate. To define which compounds were more selective against infected cells than towards non-infected cells, the antiviral selectivity index (SI) was calculated, defined as the ratio between inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) in Vero cells and EC50 for each virus. in Vero cells.
- SI antiviral selectivity index
- Vero, HeLa, Jurkat U937 cells Inhibition of cell growth and / or cytotoxicity was evaluated in Vero, HeLa, Jurkat U937 cells, using the MTT technique (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (Sigma, New Jersey, USA) according to the protocol described by Zapata et al. (Zapata et al., 2013) with some modifications.
- Vero and HeLa cells 2.0 x 10 4 cells / well
- Jurkat and U937 cells (3.0 x 10 4 cells / well) were grown in 96-well round bottom plates.
- IC50 concentration of the compounds that inhibit 50% growth
- the selectivity index (IS) defined as the IC50 in Vero cells over the IC50 in HeLa, Jurkat or U937 was calculated.
- a compound with IS ⁇ 5 was considered selective.
- Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin were used as positive controls.
- the filamentous fungi Fusarium oxysporum (ATCC 48112), Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 204305), Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 204304), Aspergillus terreus (CDC 317) and dermatophytes, Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton AT 248 evaluate the antifungal activity against an inoculum of 0.2-2.5 x 10 5 CFU / mL.
- the yeasts Candida albicans (ATCC 1023) Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) and Candida tropicalis (ATCC 200956) were used to evaluate antifungal activity against an inoculum of 1-5 x 10 5 CFU / mL.
- MIC was determined after 24 h of incubation at 35 ° C and is defined as the lowest concentration that showed 90% reduction in growth. Itraconazole was used as a positive control for this trial. . In all experiments a negative control (inoculum without treatment) was included. The MIC values were expressed as the geometric mean (MG-MIC) of the tests carried out in duplicate on three different days against each species of fungi.
- RIBA NE NE NE NE + 30 a African green monkey kidney cell line (Cercopithecus aethiops) ATCC CCL-81.
- the antiviral activity of compound 1 against HHV-1, HHV-2 and DENV-2 suggests a possible broad-spectrum antiviral effect against viruses enveloped with DNA and RNA genome, such as herpes and dengue.
- Table 2 shows that compounds 1 and 2 were effective in post-infective stages.
- EC50 50% effective antiviral concentration
- IC50 Concentration of the compound that induces 50% inhibition of cell growth at 72 hours and 8 days
- DS standard deviation
- DEX-S Dextran Sulfate
- LCA Acyclovir
- RIBA Ribavirin.
- NA Not active
- NE Not evaluated. The values represent the average of three independent experiments; HHV-1 (strain CDC-Atlanta); HHV-2 (strain VR-734); DENV-2 (New Guinea strain).
- a plaque reduction test was carried out and the concentration of compounds 1 and 2 that reduced the number of viral plaques by 50% (EC50) was interpolated from dose-response curves.
- the antiviral selectivity index (IS) values were calculated by the ratio between the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) in Vero cells and EC50 of each virus (EC50 IC) (Table 2).
- the anti-viral selectivity index is defined as the effectiveness of a product to inhibit viral replication compared to the ability to induce cell death. In addition, it is useful for making bioactivity comparisons and designing more powerful compounds. Recently it has been described that values greater than 10 (Sl> 10) are considered indicative of a potential therapeutic agent that should be subjected to biopharmaceutical and pre-clinical studies (Chattopadhyay et al., 2009; FDA-CDER, 2006).
- FIG. 1B The morphological representation of the plates of HHV-1 (strains CDC-Atlanta and 29R) and DENV-2 after treatment with compound 1 and control without treatment are shown in figures 1 B, 1 F and 1 H, respectively.
- Figure 1D depicts the size of the plaque after treatment with compound 2 during infection with HHV-2, as well as the viral control without treatment. In each case, the drastic reduction in plaque size during treatment with the compounds, with respect to infection control, is evident.
- HHV-1 and HHV-2 developed in the presence of compounds 1 and 2 suggests that these granddane derivatives may prevent viral replication, HHV release, and / or cell-to-cell dispersion.
- Table 3 shows the cytotoxic activity on Vero cells, as well as on HeLa, Jurkat and U937 tumor cells of ferruginol and compounds 1 and 2.
- NA not applicable
- NE not evaluated.
- IC50 Concentration of the compound that induces 50% inhibition of cell growth at 48 hours.
- IS selectivity index defined as the IC50 in Vero cells with respect to the IC50 in Jurkat, U937 or HeLa.
- Jurkat ATCC TIB-152 human acute T-cell leukemia cell line
- U937 ATCC CRL-1593.2 human promonocytic cell line
- HeLa ATCC CRL-1958 human cervical epithelial adenocarcinoma cells
- PXT Paclitaxel
- DOX Doxorubicin. The values represent the average of two independent trials in quadruplicate.
- Ferruginol produced a dose-dependent inhibition on the growth of Jurkat, U937 and HeLa tumor cell lines and the Vero cell line, with an R 2 (linear regression coefficient)> 0.8.
- Compound 2 and ferruginol showed cytotoxic activity against at least one tumor cell line at concentrations below 25 ⁇ g / mL.
- Compound 1 was not active against any tumor cell line and the Vero cell line.
- MG-CMI Geometric Average-Minimum Inhibitory Concentration.
- Fo7 ' Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 48112; Tr1: Trichophyton rubrum ATCC 28188; Tm1: Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 24198: Afu8: Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305; Afl6: Aspergillus flavus ATCC 204304; INM7: Aspergillus terreus CDC 317; Ca4: Candida albicans ATCC 10231; Cp2: Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019; INM13: Candida tropicalis ATCC
- TERB Terbinafine
- AMB Amphotericin B
- ITZ Itraconazole.
- the values represent the geometric mean of three independent experiments in duplicate.
- Compound 2 showed anti-dermatophyte activity against 7 rubrum and 7 mentagrophytes with GM-MIC values of 12.5 and 25 ⁇ g / mL, respectively.
- Compound 1 showed no activity against the strains evaluated.
- the results obtained in the present invention reveal that unlike the molecule 2 that presented anti-dermatophyte and cytotoxic activity on tumor-like cells, compound 1 could be a selective molecule against viruses enveloped as herpes and dengue, due to which had no cytotoxic effect on the HeLa, Jurkat and U937 tumor cell lines and showed no antifungal activity against any of the fungal strains evaluated.
- AISMED Herpes Simplex virus oral and genital herpes.
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces phylopodia in differentiated P19 neural cells to facilitate viral spread. Neuroscience Letters 440, 113-1 18.
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ES201530320A ES2586505B1 (es) | 2015-03-12 | 2015-03-12 | Análogos de ferruginol como agentes antivirales |
ESP201530320 | 2015-03-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2016142568A1 true WO2016142568A1 (es) | 2016-09-15 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/ES2016/070164 WO2016142568A1 (es) | 2015-03-12 | 2016-03-14 | Análogos de ferruginol como agentes antivirales |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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CO (1) | CO2017009515A2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2586505B1 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2016142568A1 (es) |
-
2015
- 2015-03-12 ES ES201530320A patent/ES2586505B1/es active Active
-
2016
- 2016-03-14 WO PCT/ES2016/070164 patent/WO2016142568A1/es active Application Filing
-
2017
- 2017-09-20 CO CONC2017/0009515A patent/CO2017009515A2/es unknown
Non-Patent Citations (6)
Title |
---|
GONZALEZ MIGUEL A ET AL.: "Antimalarial activity of abietane ferruginol analogues possessing a phthalimide group.", BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, vol. 24, no. 22, 28 September 2014 (2014-09-28), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 5234 - 5237, XP029088714, ISSN: 0960-894X * |
GONZALEZ MIGUEL A ET AL.: "Short syntheses of ()-ferruginol from ()-dehydroabietylamine.", TETRAHEDRON, vol. 68, no. 47, AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 9612 - 9615, XP028945141, ISSN: 0040-4020 * |
GONZÁLEZ MIGUEL: "A Synthetic derivatives of aromatic abietane diterpenoids and their biological activities.", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 87, 13 October 2014 (2014-10-13), PARIS, FR, pages 834 - 842, XP029019123, ISSN: 0223-5234 * |
MALKOWSKY I M ET AL.: "Synthesis and properties of optically pure phenols derived from ( )-dehydroabietylamine.", SYNTHESIS, vol. 5, 1 March 2007 (2007-03-01), pages 773 - 778, XP055309815, ISSN: 0039-7881 * |
ROA-LINARES VICKY C ET AL.: "Anti-herpetic and anti-dengue activity of abietane ferruginol analogues synthesized from ()-dehydroabietylamine..", EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY FRANCE, vol. 108, 27 January 2016 (2016-01-27), pages 79 - 88, XP029383465, ISSN: 1768-3254 * |
WEN CHIH-CHUN ET AL.: "Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus..", JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY UNITED STATES, vol. 50, no. 17, 23 August 2007 (2007-08-23), pages 4087 - 4095, XP055309833, ISSN: 0022-2623 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2586505B1 (es) | 2017-07-13 |
ES2586505A1 (es) | 2016-10-14 |
CO2017009515A2 (es) | 2018-01-16 |
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