WO2016138885A1

WO2016138885A1 - Method for controlling the energy consumption of a building unit, and decentralized energy supply unit

Info

Publication number: WO2016138885A1
Application number: PCT/DE2015/000092
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael KUBESSA; Marek PREISSNER; Martin Bauer; Florian MÜLLER
Original assignee: Vng - Verbundnetz Gas Ag
Priority date: 2015-03-02
Filing date: 2015-03-02
Publication date: 2016-09-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the energy consumption of a building unit (1), including all electrical loads (2, 3, 4) and heat loads (5, 6) associated with the building unit as energy loads, in which method at least one central control unit (16) obtains information about individual energy loads, individual energy generators, and individual energy stores for electrical energy and for heat energy by means of at least one communication network and controls both the energy generation and the energy consumption on the basis of said information. The following are provided according to the invention: receipt (step 1) of forecast data (17) about weather and/or events affecting the energy consumption by the at least one central control unit (16) by means of at least one communication network, calculation (step 2) of the energy consumption required over a defined time period and of the consumption profile from the forecast data (17) and from historical consumption data (18) by the at least one central control unit (16), and charging (step 3) of the individual energy stores by the individual energy generators, wherein the charging and discharging are triggered by the central control unit (1) before the calculated energy consumption. By means of the invention, a building can be operated in an electrically neutral manner with respect to the public electrical power grid.

Description

Method for controlling the energy consumption of a

Building unit and decentralized power supply unit

The invention relates to a method for controlling the energy consumption of a building unit with all, the building unit associated power and heat consumers as energy consumers, comprising at least one central control unit, which via at least one communication network information about individual energy consumers, individual energy producers, and individual energy storage for electrical energy and receives for heat energy.

To optimize the total energy demand of buildings together with the building associated electrical energy consumers and heat energy consumers, it is known to design so-called low-energy houses, which can be operated energy-neutral through their construction and the presence of photovoltaic systems and a combined heat and power plant over the year with the changing weather seasons. These low-energy houses usually produce a surplus of electrical energy in summer, which these houses feed into the public power grid. In winter, however, these houses either produce too little heat energy, so that energy must be taken from the public grid, or these houses generate a surplus of heat energy by combined heat and power plants, because the generation of requested electrical energy from fossil fuels associated with a high waste heat share. By optimizing the rated output of the energy producers used, a low-energy house can be operated on a balance-sheet basis and based on its own energy consumption in relation to the public electricity grid over the year. Since electrical energy and also heat energy can not be stored indefinitely and in the order of magnitude of the requirements of the public energy supply, the energy-neutral operation of a low-energy house over one calendar year is advantageous in terms of energy costs for the individual operator. However, sub-annual operation with periods of energy consumption from the public grid and times of energy release into the public grid does not meet the requirement of reducing the energy requirements for larger communities or even a whole country. The energy surplus that a low-energy house produces at a time does not find enough takers in this same period

| Confirmation copy Other building units usually synchronously generate an energy surplus or have an energy requirement.

German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2010 045 282 A2 discloses a method for managing energy resources. The method described therein relies on remote control to manage the energy demand and power generation of a variety of properties. The decentralized control is intended to compensate the energy demand of one property by generating energy through another property. In this case, the decentralized control intervenes on the power consumption of peak load consumers by their operation is switched off at certain times, such as. Air conditioners or refrigerators. However, this method can not compensate for a variety of properties usually similar energy demand profile, as they result, for example, for the low-energy house described above.

From the German patent application DE 100 03 914 A1 a method is known to distribute locally generated thermal energy and also electrical energy among a larger number of consumers as needed. According to the teaching of this publication, in addition to the public power grid with high-quality electric power, another power grid with low-quality power with respect to variable voltage and variable frequency is to be provided, via which an electric current produced in excess by a local producer can be used by other consumers to generate heat energy. This method, too, is based on the hoped-for statistical averaging of power consumption and energy demand, which generally does not occur to such an extent that the sum of locally producible electricity and heat balances with the current consumption of electric power and heat of other consumers.

From the publication of the international PCT application WO 2010/077914 A3 an energy storage near a consumer is known, which can be loaded by a remote control unit at a first time and discharged at a second time by the local consumer. It is provided that the remote control unit shifts the consumption of local electrical consumers in time. Furthermore, it is envisaged to store heat or cooled drinking water as an energy store thereby, in which the cooled Use water for consumption as a coolant or the heat storage as a heating source at times in which the average electrical energy consumption of a large number of consumers is high. This system largely corresponds to storage heaters, the type of storage of energy by heat or cold storage, but also by chemical storage or mechanical energy storage is provided. This type of storage is limited to the supply of decentralized electrical energy.

Object of the invention Is to control the energy consumption and the energy production of a building unit so that an electrically neutral as possible energy-neutral operation is possible, the term "electrically neutral" means that neither electrical energy is taken from a public power network nor delivered to this. The energy supply should be based as far as possible on the use of fossil or regenerative fuels as well as on wind energy and photovoltaics.

A secondary condition to be considered here is the coupling of the generation of electrical energy and of thermal energy and their different availability from different energy sources.

In the generation of electrical energy, it should be noted that the power of the photovoltaic power generation depends on the available area for photovoltaic elements for capturing sunlight. Sunlight is only available during the day and usually in summer with higher power than in winter.

When generating electricity from wind turbines, it has to be taken into account that the power of wind is also different during the day and during the year.

Finally, it should be noted that the production of electricity with the help of a combined heat and power plant with the generation of electricity is accompanied by the generation of heat energy. The efficiency of power generation with combined heat and power plants is greater, the larger the combined heat and power plant is, but at most the same size as the heat efficiency. For combined heat and power plants of the same size as residential or smaller industrial buildings, the efficiency of electricity production is always lower than the efficiency of heat generation. This means that the generation of electricity always produces a larger amount of heat.

Households use about 66% of their energy for heating, 16% for hot water, 7% for cooking, 5% for refrigeration, 4% for computers and television and only 1% for other consumers. The fact that by far the largest share of energy is used in a household and also in small or medium-sized commercial buildings or schools for heat comes to the fore when using the waste heat of a combined heat and power plant. However, the profile of energy consumption varies widely throughout the day, week and year, but to a large extent is predictable.

Would the units for generating electrical energy and heat energy dimensioned so that both an expected peak load of electrical energy demand and an expected peak load of the expected heat demand can be covered, it would result from the situation of the above-mentioned low-energy house, namely in that, when generating electric current, excess heat would be produced and, conversely, that an excess of electrical energy would be generated when heat is generated. The excessively generated energy would have to be diverted or discarded with the problem of lack of acceptance.

To bypass the respective energy surplus, an energy store for electrical energy and for thermal energy can be present in each case, so that the excessively generated energy at a time can be temporarily stored. However, the dimensioning of the memory is a very significant cost factor. Storage for electrical energy, batteries, are expensive. Due to the very different requirements of electrical energy and heat energy throughout the day, the week and throughout the year, the dimensioning always only fits in with an average energy consumption profile.

The above-mentioned object according to the invention is achieved by receiving prognostic data on weather and / or events affecting energy consumption via at least one communication network, calculating the energy consumption required over a defined period of time and the consumption profile from the prognosis data and from historical consumption data, la- the individual energy storage by the individual energy generator, the charge is triggered by the central control unit in time before the calculated energy consumption. Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims to claim 1.

According to the invention, it is provided that the energy consumption of a building together with the building associated energy consumers due to external forecast data and based on forecast data based on historical consumption data, is predicted and the charge of the energy storage, even the energy even for a limited time with low Loss loss, the predicted energy consumption is connected upstream. It can be loaded with comparatively low power over a longer period, for example, at night or between meals, an energy storage. The case with low power also resulting heat is cached in a heat storage. Since a building always consumes heat in the form of hot water and in winter for heating purposes, so an electrical energy storage can be charged without the resulting heat must be discarded unused.

The system of energy producers and consumers is always kept in a stationary state by the central control unit, wherein the state of charge of the energy storage depends on the simultaneous energy input and energy drain. In an extreme situation, it may result in that, for example, more electrical energy is available in the electrical energy storage devices than is necessary and less heat is present in the thermal energy storage than is required by the forecasted heat requirement. In this case, a Umspeicherprozess is provided in the central control unit, in which the electrical energy of the electrical energy storage is used for the generation of heat in the thermal energy storage. However, it may alternatively be provided that, for example, to generate hot water for morning showers, an electric auxiliary heater is provided in the hot water pipe.

An energy production, even an energetic full supply, from fossil or regenerative fuels for the simultaneous production of electrical energy and heat energy, where needed from generated or already stored Electric energy Heat for immediate demand or for the storage of heat is produced, at first glance seems to be absurd, because high-quality energy in the form of electrical energy is devalued into low-value energy. However, this concept of deliberate energy degradation has proved to be advantageous when it is the task to always balance different energy storage devices in a stationary state so that sufficient energy of the desired shape is available during peak load periods in electrical power consumption and heat absorption. It is not in the generation of one form of energy (for example, electrical energy) with the load inevitably produced as a by-product other form of energy (for example, heat) accepted that the by-product must be discarded unused or fed into the public network, where also There is low demand and therefore prices are low.

Since it is possible due to thermodynamic laws, to convert electrical energy into heat with very high efficiency, but to transform back into electrical energy with very little efficiency, the dimensioning of the electrical energy storage can be comparatively large and the dimensioning of the heat energy storage comparatively low fail. To load the electrical energy storage is used on a very slow loading to accumulate the accumulated heat by always accumulating in a building heat demand. It is the task of the central control unit to always balance the stationary state of the energy storage for electrical energy and heat energy. Of course, this balancing does not work without forecasting data. Therefore, the central control unit receives weather forecast data, but also data about events that affect the energy demand. Such events can be football broadcasts, which usually involves an increased demand for electricity, but also data on holidays, such as Christmas, where traditionally more and more elaborate cooking is done.

For example, forecasting data based on historical data may predict an increase in electricity demand if, on Saturdays, a weekend Increased power consumption due to a vacuum cleaner or the use of machinery (hobby workshop) is predictable.

A very high increase in heat demand takes place in the morning or in the evening, when - depending on the individual rhythm of life - hot water is needed for showering or bathing.

The central control unit is characterized by a prioritization of a power-neutral operation of the power generator, in which neither electrical energy passed into an external network nor electrical energy is removed from this. Energy is generated from wind, sunlight, terrestrial heat (heat pumps) and / or fossil fuels, eg. As natural gas, LPG, oil, hydrogen, coal, secondary fuels or by renewable fuels, eg. Biogas, bio natural gas, vegetable fuels, hydrogen and synthetic natural gas (SNG).

Since it is always possible to convert the stored electrical energy into heat, it is advantageously provided to prioritize the charging of an energy storage device for electrical energy with photovoltaic power generation as a function of the weather forecast data in relation to calculated energy consumption data. This means that in the case of a predicted increased consumption of electrical energy, the electrical energy store is charged as much as possible with solar energy or with wind energy, in order to avoid an overflow of the heat accumulator, in which heat would have to be discarded unused. Even if this could lead to a crowded accumulator, this is acceptable, because the electrical excess can be re-stored in the heat storage.

The advantage of the method presented here is the charging of an electrical energy store for a reuse operation planned by the central control unit, in which the stored electrical energy is stored at a later time by transferring it to heat in the heat storage for use as heat. It is thus constructed according to the invention, a system of mutually subordinate energy storage, wherein the electrical energy storage is the first-rate memory, which is maintained in a steady state. The charge is effected by the electric current of a cogeneration plant, a photovoltaic plant and / or by wind power. The unloading is done by forecasting low electricity consumption and unpredicted peak loads. Overcharging is avoided by a re-storage in a heat storage. In winter, when there is an increased heat consumption, the charge of the electrical storage is preferably done by a combined heat and power plant, which stores its heat in the heat storage. In summer, however, when solar power is available and there is less heat demand, the electric storage is charged by solar energy.

In addition to the passive control of the charge of energy storage for a measured electricity and heat consumption and its forecast, it is also possible to actively intervene in the power consumption. But not every electricity consumer can be switched on and off as desired. Heating and cooling applications, such as electric heaters, aquarium heaters, refrigerators or air conditioners Due to the long follow-up times and long-lasting control loops (temperature drops or rises only very slowly), a delayed on or off switching. Other power consumers, such as lamps, need to be turned on immediately if needed without delay. To actively intervene in the power consumption of the building and the building associated consumers, it is therefore possible to equip the power consumers with a smart communication network-based power switch, which are associated with the individual energy consumers, as a retrofit kit, the information about the connected power consumers via a communication network sends to the central control unit, wherein the information on the energy consumers comprise data selected from the group consisting of: identification number, expected consumption duration, expected consumption profile, priority, expected change in the consumption duration and the consumption profile in case of deferring the energy consumption by the central control unit, acceptance of a power control alternately on / off, waste heat output and current power consumption. This data allows the central control unit to turn on the individual power consumer at the right time to control the total power consumption. If the power consumer has a high priority, such as a computer that can not be easily issued, this power consumer remains on. For example, a washing machine may be turned on at variable times using the consumption profile of a preselected wash program very predictable. If it is possible to deduce from weather forecast data that the morning is very sunny, the central control unit can collect electrical charge from a photovoltaic system in the morning and stop the washing machine in the afternoon, when rain has been forecast. Another consumer, such as a refrigerator, changes its electrical consumption profile when power is restored. Thus, a refrigerator can be temporarily switched off, but due to the heating of the refrigerator, it is expected that after about one hour of elimination, the power consumption will later be higher to compensate for the warming again. If, for example, a washing machine is to be operated in the afternoon and it is possible to deduce from historical consumption data that there is an increased need for heat in the evening, the refrigerator can be switched on again by switching on a combined heat and power plant. The increased power consumption in the evening goes hand in hand with the increased heat production for, for example, an evening bath. But it is also possible to operate a consumer, such as an electric aquarium heater, in the alternating cycle to reduce the heating power for a certain time or it is possible to dim an outdoor lighting by pulse operation at high frequency for a certain time. After all, in a kitchen, for example, waste heat output can be a parameter that is transmitted. The operation of an electric kitchen oven for baking heats up the kitchen very much, so that heating at this time is completely unnecessary.

To optimize the calculation of the energy consumption, calculated characteristic curves can be used to characterize the heat loss of the building unit. In this case, the central control unit measures the heat demand for a predetermined period in a learning mode, and from the temperature measured in relation to the heat call, the central control unit determines the heat curve of the house to improve the forecast of the heat demand.

The inclusion of a pattern recognition of the energy consumption profile based on time of day, day of the week and calendar day to predict the expected energy consumption profile is finally a key factor to calculate the energy consumption profile, while other events, such as a very typical energy consumption curve can be used as a pattern yourself Derive a non-standard power consumption, such as turning on infrequently used consumers, such as a private tanning bed or the light on a not frequently used dining table.

The system presented here is particularly well-suited for buildings that are very predictable in terms of energy consumption, such as commercial offices, schools, hospitals or educational institutions that have regular operations. The more irregular the energy consumption, for example in small apartments, the more difficult the prognosis for charging energy storage devices becomes. For little predictable energy consumption profiles, it has proven to be advantageous if the energy storage can be operated on pre-selection with predetermined programs. In this case, a homeowner would preselect an evening cooking event in the morning before leaving the home by choosing a predetermined schedule to load the power store accordingly.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. It shows:

1 is a sketch of a building unit with all, the building unit associated electricity and heat consumers as energy consumers,

Fig. 2 is a sketch of a central control unit, the at least one

Communication network receives information about individual energy consumers, individual energy producers, and individual energy stores for electrical energy and heat energy, and uses this information to control both energy production and energy consumption,

3 is an intelligent intermediate switch for retrofitting electrical consumers from the stock,

4 shows a flowchart for the reception of forecast data, the calculation of the energy consumption and charge of individual energy stores,

5 shows a sketch of a cascade storage for energy,

6 shows a categorization of various energy consumers with respect to requirements for energy quality and acceptance of a time delay control and power limitation. In Figure 1, a building unit 1 is shown, with all, the building unit

I associated power consumers, such as electric light 2 representative of lighting in the building, a TV 3, representing entertainment and communications electronics, computers and media, and a refrigerator 4, representative of all electrically operated kitchen utensils and kitchen appliances and washing machines.

The building unit 1 associated heat consumers, such as a sauna heater, or a ventilation system, on the heat exchanged with the outside inevitably ab- or imported, are outlined as a radiator 5, representing all the temperature and the Domestic climate influencing heat consumers, as well as a shower 6, representative of all hot water applications to the building unit 1 including a possible hot water supply for washing machines with hot water.

For energy supply, the building unit 1 has a combined heat and power plant 10, which is connected both to a heat storage 1 and to a storage 12 for electrical energy, such as a large lead-acid battery or a rechargeable Li-ion battery. The electrical energy generated by the combined heat and power plant 10 is converted via a power switch 12c either by a rectifier 12a into direct current and used to charge the memory 12 or fed via a line 12b directly into the house network, finally, by the power switch 12a and a parallel feed the electrical energy in the memory 12 and in the home network possible. The electrical charge in the storage 12 for electrical energy is converted to the call from the memory 12 by an inverter 12d in alternating current and then forwarded to the home network.

The resulting in the generation of electrical power heat of the cogeneration unit 10, however, is stored via a line 1 1 a with flow and return in a heat storage 1 1, this heat storage 1 1 can be configured as a generic stratified storage. The heat of the heat storage

I I is retrieved by a radiator 5 or by hot water consumers, here represented by a shower 6th

All energy consumers 2, 3, 4 as well as energy consumers 5, 6 and the energy storage 1 1, 12, the combined heat and power plant 10, power switch 12 c are on a Communication network 15 connected to a central control unit 16. The communication network 15 is here provided by communication devices 15a that can communicate via different media (this can be done by radio, light, sound, wired / electrical signals), here only for example: a wireless network (WLAN). An advantageous alternative is also the connection of the individual communication network participants on the home network itself using known technologies, which is known for example under the name PowerLine.

The central control unit 16 itself acquires data via a communication network from a remote forecast source 17, which provides weather data, as well as data about events that can influence the power consumption of the building unit 1. In private households, this information can be program information, such as large football broadcasts, where experience has shown that the energy consumption of the private household increases sharply. In commercial buildings, this information may be data about an impending strike, so that the building unit 1 is unscheduled unused or data about events in the building unit 1 announcing an unscheduled use of the building unit 1. Schools, on the other hand, can announce festivities that indicate unscheduled use or bridging days that result in the building's Unit 1 not being used. The central control unit 16 calculates the energy consumption to be expected from the synopsis of forecast weather data from forecast source 17, from recognized patterns from historical consumption data 18, which are correlated with days of the week, calendar days and seasons, and also with the data relating to energy consumption from external sources and the consumption profile of the building unit 1 and triggers the control of the power switches 12c, switch 12e and the combined heat and power plant, the charge of the energy storage 1 1 and 12, wherein the energy storage 1 1, 12, if possible so charged that both for the heat consumption as Also enough energy stored in connection with the energy generated by the cogeneration plant 10 for the calculated period is available for the power consumption to cover the peak loads. Since the ratio of generated electrical energy to thermal energy is approximately constant within certain limits when generating energy by the combined heat and power plant 10, it is advantageous if additional voltage sources are available to the memory 12 for electrical energy and the heat storage 1 1 for To charge heat energy with variable ratio, in order to avoid that energy must be discarded unused, such as when the charge of the memory 12 for electrical energy excess heat is obtained, which can not be used or stored. Possible additional voltage sources are a photovoltaic system 20 and also a wind power plant 21.

If more electrical energy is available than necessary, for example when heating the heat accumulator 1 1, without charging capacity is still available in the memory 12 for electrical energy, can also be provided, the electrical energy either from the combined heat and power plant 10 itself or from the memory 12 for electrical energy via a switch 12e and to use for an electric heater 19 in the heat storage 1 1 to generate more heat. It is the goal of the central control unit 16 to charge the two energy stores 1 1 and 12 in accordance with the calculated consumption profile, wherein as a secondary condition the fact must be taken into account that electrical energy in the memory 12 is virtually lost in heat for heat storage 1 1 but it is not possible to transform heat into memory 1 1 back into electrical energy without very large losses. Yet another constraint is that when heat and electric power are generated by the cogeneration unit 10, generation of both forms of energy is associated with each other. Although the generator of cogeneration unit 10 may be turned off to generate only heat, then cogeneration unit 10 may only be operated in low heat "idle." On the other hand, cogeneration unit 10 can not only generate electrical energy without adding significant amounts of heat The central control device 16 takes into account this asymmetry of energy production and calculates a strategy between charge of the energy storage before calculated energy extraction and immediate generation of electric current and heat.In the calculation of the strategy, heat is usually added steadily and in larger quantities The energy stores have the task, the energy the in excess, if another form of energy needs to be generated, it will be buffered for later retrieval.

The task of the central control unit 16, which is described below, is to balance the charge of the heat accumulator 11, the electrical energy accumulator 12, and the energy consumption calculated from forecast data over a predetermined period of time by charging the accumulators 11 and 12 before to maintain expected energy consumption.

FIG. 2 shows a sketch of a central control unit 16 in which the central control unit 16 receives information about individual energy consumers 2, 3, 4 and 5, 6 via at least one communication network, shown here as communication network subscribers identified as "ID".

Furthermore, the central control unit 16 receives information about individual energy producers 10, 1 1, optionally an additional photovoltaic system 20 and / or a wind turbine 21, represented here by a power indicator 10 a, and information about individual energy storage 1 1, 12 for electrical energy and heat energy , Shown here by a thermometer group 1 1 a for the heat storage 1 1 and a charge indicator 12f for a memory 12 for electrical energy.

In addition, the central control unit 16 retrieves weather forecast data from a forecast source 17 in order to calculate the heat consumption of the building unit 1 and also to provide the charge of the memory 12 for electrical energy from photovoltaic power or from the electric power of a cogeneration power plant 10.

Still further data for the control are historical consumption data 18, which are correlated for example with calendar days, weekdays and seasons.

Also, typical consumption patterns in the historical consumption data 18 can reveal the energy requirement to be calculated.

From the above information and externally provided data on events that may affect energy consumption, the central control unit 16 controls the power generation as well as the power consumption. To the energy consumers, the energy producers and the energy storage too Control, the central control device 16 is connected to remotely operable switches 13, which control the individual energy consumers, energy producers and energy storage depending on the type, regulate in the power, reset the consumption or prefer to make the charge of energy storage at a given time ,

In the simplest case, the central control unit 16 can be a program installed on a generic PC, which is connected to the individual elements to be controlled via known network technology, but it is also possible to connect the central control unit 16 to the energy consumers via own bus systems. where as additional data digital thermometer the temperatures of individual rooms and the outside temperature are read out.

In a particular embodiment of the invention can be provided to include a generic heating system from the inventory in the system and to take over digital thermometer, the heating control by the inventory heating is simulated via a thermometer a higher temperature in a room, so that the existing heating does not heat when the energy consumption by the central control device 16 should be reset.

In order to be able to absorb energy consumers from the stock into the controller, an intelligent intermediate plug 14 shown in FIG. 3 can be provided, which can be individually addressed, programmed and switched by the central control unit. For this purpose, the intelligent adapter 14 is addressed via a communication network, wireless, wired or via the building electricity network, it is programmed, whether it is an energy consumer who can accept a deferral of energy consumption or not, whether the energy consumer can be power controlled (dimmable ) or not, and a further number of parameters to characterize the energy consumer, such as expected consumption time at power-up, expected consumption profile at power-on, priority of the consumer, expected change in fuel consumption and consumption profile when power consumption is deferred by the central control unit, acceptance of power control by alternate switch on / off, waste heat output for inclusion in the calculation of the necessary heat output in the building unit, identification number, current power consumption.

FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for the reception of prognosis data, the calculation of the energy consumption and the charge of individual energy stores. The flowchart begins after its start with step 1, the receiving of forecast data on weather and / or energy-related events via at least one communication network by the at least one central control unit. These data are processed internally via rules. This is followed in step 2 by calculating the energy consumption required over a defined period of time and the consumption profile from the prognosis data and from historical consumption data by the at least one central control unit. This step preferably takes place at the beginning of a day. This is followed by the step 3, the charging of the individual energy storage by the individual power generator, the charge is triggered by the central control unit in time before the calculated energy consumption. Finally, this sequence is repeated iteratively to adapt the consumption profile to changing conditions dictated by the receipt of forecast data and energy consumer data, power generator data, and energy storage data.

FIG. 5 shows a sketch of a cascade energy store. A combined heat and power plant 10 converts energy from fossil or regenerative fuels into an approximately constant ratio of electrical energy 30 to thermal energy 31 within certain limits. In the case of smaller combined heat and power plants 10, a ratio of 1: 3 of electrical energy 30 to heat energy 31 can be achieved, and only with larger combined heat and power plants with respect to power does the ratio of electrical energy 30 to heat energy 31 shift to a ratio of approximately 1: 1 . This ratio of energy production is offset by the fact that the energy consumption of building units usually has a larger proportion of heat energy 31 than electrical energy 30. The heat loss in winter is steady and in summer heat loss is more likely in larger individual withdrawals for the production of hot water. In order to provide the calculated required electrical charge in the electrical energy store 12, it may be necessary to significantly reduce the electrical charge before the discharge. to provide by charging. In this case, the memory 12 can be charged for electrical energy with low power to produce heat energy 31 through the cogeneration unit 10 only to such an extent that flows through the heat storage 1 1 anyway in the building unit 1 in the form of heat. In summer, the electrical charge can be additionally charged by photovoltaic power from a photovoltaic system 20 or by electricity from a wind turbine 21 to shift the ratio of electrical charge in the accumulator 12 to heat in accumulator 11 to the side of the electrical charge. If, however, it is necessary to produce more heat for a calculated, later heat loss than electrical energy, as it corresponds to the ratio of energy production, which is the case in the largest proportion of time of the year, so can also electrical energy 30 from the energy storage 12 to Production heat can be used. In this case, electric power 30 from the cogeneration plant 10 for an additional electric heater 40 in the heat storage 1 1 are used via a power switch 12c or electrical energy from the memory 12 is via a direct connection from the memory 12 in memory 1 1 via a heater 40th converted into heat. In this case, the repositioning of the energy represented by arrow 32 takes place.

Finally, FIG. 6 shows a categorization of different energy consumers in relation to requirements for energy quality and acceptance of a time delay of control and power limitation. Q is used to set the quality requirement for the electricity provided. Such consumers, which are insensitive to the power quality, such as incandescent lamps 2, can be power-controlled. For this purpose, it is possible to operate, for example by switching on and off with high frequency (dimming) outdoor lighting at half power and a proximity switch is only the full power requested. Heaters 5 are also frugal in terms of energy quality. The requirement of energy through heaters, air conditioners and refrigerators can be briefly reset in favor of energy consumers with high priority, such as computers, communication electronics 3, or staircase lighting, without a significant deterioration in the efficiency is to be accepted. The other axis shows the priority with respect to a time delay (ΔΤ) of the energy requirement. For example, a du- see 6 needs immediate heat, (ΔΤ is very small), however, a space heater 5 with a comparatively slow control loop in relation to a power request can be reset briefly (ΔΤ is greater). Finally, a refrigerator 4 needs electrical energy that is not dimmed, so it has a high energy quality requirement but can also be reset for a short time in relation to the energy requirement. Finally, washing machines that have a high energy quality requirement can be greatly varied in time if it is only important that the laundry be washed within a day.

E N G L I S H E S T E

Building unit 15 Communication network Light 15a Communication device Television 16 Central control unit Refrigerator 17 Forecast source

Radiator 18 historical consumption data shower 19 electric heating

20 Photovoltaic system Combined heat and power plant 21 Wind power plant

a performance indicator

Heat storage 30 electrical energy storage for electrical 31 heat energy

Energy 32 Arrow (Retrofit) a Rectifier c Power divider 40 Electrical booster heaterd Inverter

e switch

ΔΤ time resetf Charge display ΔΡ power adjustable

remote controllable switch

Q Electricity quality smart plug adapter / heat energy

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R E C H E

Method for controlling the energy consumption of a building unit (1) with all the electricity (2, 3, 4) and heat consumers (5, 6) allocated to the building unit as energy consumers,

in which at least one central control unit (16) via at least one communication network information about a) individual energy consumers,

b) individual energy producers, and

c) receives individual energy storage for electrical energy and heat energy and controls from this information, both energy production and energy consumption, characterized by

Receiving (step 1) forecast data (17) on the weather and / or energy-related events via at least one communication network by the at least one central control unit (16),

Calculating (step 2) the energy consumption required over a defined period of time and the consumption profile from the forecast data (17) and from historical consumption data (18) by the at least one central control unit 16),

Loading (step 3) of the individual energy storage by the individual power generator, wherein the charge through the central control unit (16) is triggered before the calculated energy consumption.

2. The method according to claim 1,

marked by

a prioritization of a power-neutral operation of the power generator (1 0, 20, 21), in which neither electrical energy (30) passed into an external network nor electrical energy (30) is removed from this.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,

marked by

an energetic full supply of fossil or renewable fuels for the simultaneous production of electrical energy (30) and heat energy (31), producing heat for immediate use or storage as needed from generated or already stored electrical energy (30).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

marked by

- Prioritizing the charge of an energy store (12) for electrical energy with photovoltaic power generation (20) as a function of the weather forecast data in relation to calculated energy consumption data.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,

marked by

- Loading an electrical energy storage device (1 2) for by the central control unit (16) planned Umspeicherbetrieb (32), in which the stored electrical energy (30) at a later time by transferring heat in the heat storage (1 1) for use as Heat is stored.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

wherein the information about the energy consumer comprises data selected from the group consisting of:

a) expected service life,

b) expected consumption profile,

c) priority,

d) expected change in the consumption duration and the consumption profile when the energy consumption is deferred by the central control unit,

e) acceptance of a power control by alternately on / off switching and sliding power control,

f) waste heat output,

g) identification number,

h) current power consumption.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,

marked by

- Control of communication network-based power network switches (14), which are associated with the individual energy consumers (2, 3, 4), for controlling the total energy demand.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,

marked by,

- self-optimization by incorporating calculated characteristics to characterize the heat loss of the building unit.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, marked by,

- Self-optimization by incorporating pattern recognition of the energy consumption profile based, among other things, on the time of day, the day of the week and the day of the calendar to forecast the expected energy consumption profile.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,

marked by,

- Choice of a predetermined retrieval program.