WO2016138885A1 - Procédé de commande de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité d'immeuble et unité de distribution décentralisée d'énergie - Google Patents

Procédé de commande de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité d'immeuble et unité de distribution décentralisée d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016138885A1
WO2016138885A1 PCT/DE2015/000092 DE2015000092W WO2016138885A1 WO 2016138885 A1 WO2016138885 A1 WO 2016138885A1 DE 2015000092 W DE2015000092 W DE 2015000092W WO 2016138885 A1 WO2016138885 A1 WO 2016138885A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
heat
consumption
power
central control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2015/000092
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael KUBESSA
Marek PREISSNER
Martin Bauer
Florian MÜLLER
Original Assignee
Vng - Verbundnetz Gas Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Vng - Verbundnetz Gas Ag filed Critical Vng - Verbundnetz Gas Ag
Priority to PCT/DE2015/000092 priority Critical patent/WO2016138885A1/fr
Publication of WO2016138885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016138885A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Electricity, gas or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/40—Display of information, e.g. of data or controls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/12—Energy storage units, uninterruptible power supply [UPS] systems or standby or emergency generators, e.g. in the last power distribution stages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the energy consumption of a building unit with all, the building unit associated power and heat consumers as energy consumers, comprising at least one central control unit, which via at least one communication network information about individual energy consumers, individual energy producers, and individual energy storage for electrical energy and receives for heat energy.
  • low-energy houses which can be operated energy-neutral through their construction and the presence of photovoltaic systems and a combined heat and power plant over the year with the changing weather seasons.
  • These low-energy houses usually produce a surplus of electrical energy in summer, which these houses feed into the public power grid.
  • these houses either produce too little heat energy, so that energy must be taken from the public grid, or these houses generate a surplus of heat energy by combined heat and power plants, because the generation of requested electrical energy from fossil fuels associated with a high waste heat share.
  • a low-energy house By optimizing the rated output of the energy producers used, a low-energy house can be operated on a balance-sheet basis and based on its own energy consumption in relation to the public electricity grid over the year. Since electrical energy and also heat energy can not be stored indefinitely and in the order of magnitude of the requirements of the public energy supply, the energy-neutral operation of a low-energy house over one calendar year is advantageous in terms of energy costs for the individual operator. However, sub-annual operation with periods of energy consumption from the public grid and times of energy release into the public grid does not meet the requirement of reducing the energy requirements for larger communities or even a whole country. The energy surplus that a low-energy house produces at a time does not find enough takers in this same period
  • German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2010 045 282 A2 discloses a method for managing energy resources.
  • the method described therein relies on remote control to manage the energy demand and power generation of a variety of properties.
  • the decentralized control is intended to compensate the energy demand of one property by generating energy through another property.
  • the decentralized control intervenes on the power consumption of peak load consumers by their operation is switched off at certain times, such as. Air conditioners or refrigerators.
  • this method can not compensate for a variety of properties usually similar energy demand profile, as they result, for example, for the low-energy house described above.
  • Object of the invention Is to control the energy consumption and the energy production of a building unit so that an electrically neutral as possible energy-neutral operation is possible, the term "electrically neutral" means that neither electrical energy is taken from a public power network nor delivered to this.
  • the energy supply should be based as far as possible on the use of fossil or regenerative fuels as well as on wind energy and photovoltaics.
  • a secondary condition to be considered here is the coupling of the generation of electrical energy and of thermal energy and their different availability from different energy sources.
  • the power of the photovoltaic power generation depends on the available area for photovoltaic elements for capturing sunlight. Sunlight is only available during the day and usually in summer with higher power than in winter.
  • Households use about 66% of their energy for heating, 16% for hot water, 7% for cooking, 5% for refrigeration, 4% for computers and television and only 1% for other consumers.
  • the profile of energy consumption varies widely throughout the day, week and year, but to a large extent is predictable.
  • an energy store for electrical energy and for thermal energy can be present in each case, so that the excessively generated energy at a time can be temporarily stored.
  • the dimensioning of the memory is a very significant cost factor. Storage for electrical energy, batteries, are expensive. Due to the very different requirements of electrical energy and heat energy throughout the day, the week and throughout the year, the dimensioning always only fits in with an average energy consumption profile.
  • the above-mentioned object according to the invention is achieved by receiving prognostic data on weather and / or events affecting energy consumption via at least one communication network, calculating the energy consumption required over a defined period of time and the consumption profile from the prognosis data and from historical consumption data, la- the individual energy storage by the individual energy generator, the charge is triggered by the central control unit in time before the calculated energy consumption. Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims to claim 1.
  • the energy consumption of a building together with the building associated energy consumers due to external forecast data and based on forecast data based on historical consumption data is predicted and the charge of the energy storage, even the energy even for a limited time with low Loss loss, the predicted energy consumption is connected upstream. It can be loaded with comparatively low power over a longer period, for example, at night or between meals, an energy storage. The case with low power also resulting heat is cached in a heat storage. Since a building always consumes heat in the form of hot water and in winter for heating purposes, so an electrical energy storage can be charged without the resulting heat must be discarded unused.
  • the system of energy producers and consumers is always kept in a stationary state by the central control unit, wherein the state of charge of the energy storage depends on the simultaneous energy input and energy drain. In an extreme situation, it may result in that, for example, more electrical energy is available in the electrical energy storage devices than is necessary and less heat is present in the thermal energy storage than is required by the forecasted heat requirement.
  • a Um heading rasp is provided in the central control unit, in which the electrical energy of the electrical energy storage is used for the generation of heat in the thermal energy storage.
  • an electric auxiliary heater is provided in the hot water pipe.
  • the dimensioning of the electrical energy storage can be comparatively large and the dimensioning of the heat energy storage comparatively low fail.
  • To load the electrical energy storage is used on a very slow loading to accumulate the accumulated heat by always accumulating in a building heat demand.
  • It is the task of the central control unit to always balance the stationary state of the energy storage for electrical energy and heat energy. Of course, this balancing does not work without forecasting data. Therefore, the central control unit receives weather forecast data, but also data about events that affect the energy demand. Such events can be football broadcasts, which usually involves an increased demand for electricity, but also data on holidays, such as Christmas, where traditionally more and more elaborate cooking is done.
  • forecasting data based on historical data may predict an increase in electricity demand if, on Saturdays, a weekend Increased power consumption due to a vacuum cleaner or the use of machinery (hobby workshop) is predictable.
  • the central control unit is characterized by a prioritization of a power-neutral operation of the power generator, in which neither electrical energy passed into an external network nor electrical energy is removed from this.
  • Energy is generated from wind, sunlight, terrestrial heat (heat pumps) and / or fossil fuels, eg. As natural gas, LPG, oil, hydrogen, coal, secondary fuels or by renewable fuels, eg. Biogas, bio natural gas, vegetable fuels, hydrogen and synthetic natural gas (SNG).
  • the advantage of the method presented here is the charging of an electrical energy store for a reuse operation planned by the central control unit, in which the stored electrical energy is stored at a later time by transferring it to heat in the heat storage for use as heat. It is thus constructed according to the invention, a system of mutually subordinate energy storage, wherein the electrical energy storage is the first-rate memory, which is maintained in a steady state.
  • the charge is effected by the electric current of a cogeneration plant, a photovoltaic plant and / or by wind power.
  • the unloading is done by forecasting low electricity consumption and unpredicted peak loads. Overcharging is avoided by a re-storage in a heat storage.
  • the charge of the electrical storage is preferably done by a combined heat and power plant, which stores its heat in the heat storage.
  • the electric storage is charged by solar energy.
  • the power consumers To actively intervene in the power consumption of the building and the building associated consumers, it is therefore possible to equip the power consumers with a smart communication network-based power switch, which are associated with the individual energy consumers, as a retrofit kit, the information about the connected power consumers via a communication network sends to the central control unit, wherein the information on the energy consumers comprise data selected from the group consisting of: identification number, expected consumption duration, expected consumption profile, priority, expected change in the consumption duration and the consumption profile in case of deferring the energy consumption by the central control unit, acceptance of a power control alternately on / off, waste heat output and current power consumption. This data allows the central control unit to turn on the individual power consumer at the right time to control the total power consumption.
  • the power consumer has a high priority, such as a computer that can not be easily issued, this power consumer remains on.
  • a washing machine may be turned on at variable times using the consumption profile of a preselected wash program very predictable. If it is possible to deduce from weather forecast data that the morning is very sunny, the central control unit can collect electrical charge from a photovoltaic system in the morning and stop the washing machine in the afternoon, when rain has been forecast.
  • Another consumer such as a refrigerator, changes its electrical consumption profile when power is restored.
  • a refrigerator can be temporarily switched off, but due to the heating of the refrigerator, it is expected that after about one hour of elimination, the power consumption will later be higher to compensate for the warming again.
  • the refrigerator can be switched on again by switching on a combined heat and power plant.
  • the increased power consumption in the evening goes hand in hand with the increased heat production for, for example, an evening bath.
  • a consumer such as an electric aquarium heater
  • waste heat output can be a parameter that is transmitted. The operation of an electric kitchen oven for baking heats up the kitchen very much, so that heating at this time is completely unnecessary.
  • calculated characteristic curves can be used to characterize the heat loss of the building unit.
  • the central control unit measures the heat demand for a predetermined period in a learning mode, and from the temperature measured in relation to the heat call, the central control unit determines the heat curve of the house to improve the forecast of the heat demand.
  • the system presented here is particularly well-suited for buildings that are very predictable in terms of energy consumption, such as commercial offices, schools, hospitals or educational institutions that have regular operations.
  • energy consumption such as commercial offices, schools, hospitals or educational institutions that have regular operations.
  • FIG. 1 is a sketch of a building unit with all, the building unit associated electricity and heat consumers as energy consumers,
  • Fig. 2 is a sketch of a central control unit, the at least one
  • Communication network receives information about individual energy consumers, individual energy producers, and individual energy stores for electrical energy and heat energy, and uses this information to control both energy production and energy consumption,
  • FIG. 6 shows a categorization of various energy consumers with respect to requirements for energy quality and acceptance of a time delay control and power limitation.
  • a building unit 1 is shown, with all, the building unit
  • I associated power consumers such as electric light 2 representative of lighting in the building, a TV 3, representing entertainment and communications electronics, computers and media, and a refrigerator 4, representative of all electrically operated kitchen utensils and kitchen appliances and washing machines.
  • the building unit 1 associated heat consumers such as a sauna heater, or a ventilation system, on the heat exchanged with the outside inevitably ab- or imported, are outlined as a radiator 5, representing all the temperature and the Domestic climate influencing heat consumers, as well as a shower 6, representative of all hot water applications to the building unit 1 including a possible hot water supply for washing machines with hot water.
  • the building unit 1 has a combined heat and power plant 10, which is connected both to a heat storage 1 and to a storage 12 for electrical energy, such as a large lead-acid battery or a rechargeable Li-ion battery.
  • the electrical energy generated by the combined heat and power plant 10 is converted via a power switch 12c either by a rectifier 12a into direct current and used to charge the memory 12 or fed via a line 12b directly into the house network, finally, by the power switch 12a and a parallel feed the electrical energy in the memory 12 and in the home network possible.
  • the electrical charge in the storage 12 for electrical energy is converted to the call from the memory 12 by an inverter 12d in alternating current and then forwarded to the home network.
  • the resulting in the generation of electrical power heat of the cogeneration unit 10 is stored via a line 1 1 a with flow and return in a heat storage 1 1, this heat storage 1 1 can be configured as a generic stratified storage.
  • I I is retrieved by a radiator 5 or by hot water consumers, here represented by a shower 6th
  • the communication network 15 is here provided by communication devices 15a that can communicate via different media (this can be done by radio, light, sound, wired / electrical signals), here only for example: a wireless network (WLAN).
  • WLAN wireless network
  • An advantageous alternative is also the connection of the individual communication network participants on the home network itself using known technologies, which is known for example under the name PowerLine.
  • the central control unit 16 itself acquires data via a communication network from a remote forecast source 17, which provides weather data, as well as data about events that can influence the power consumption of the building unit 1.
  • this information can be program information, such as large football broadcasts, where experience has shown that the energy consumption of the private household increases sharply.
  • this information may be data about an impending strike, so that the building unit 1 is unscheduled unused or data about events in the building unit 1 announcing an unscheduled use of the building unit 1.
  • Schools on the other hand, can announce holidays that indicate unscheduled use or bridging days that result in the building's Unit 1 not being used.
  • the central control unit 16 calculates the energy consumption to be expected from the synopsis of forecast weather data from forecast source 17, from recognized patterns from historical consumption data 18, which are correlated with days of the week, calendar days and seasons, and also with the data relating to energy consumption from external sources and the consumption profile of the building unit 1 and triggers the control of the power switches 12c, switch 12e and the combined heat and power plant, the charge of the energy storage 1 1 and 12, wherein the energy storage 1 1, 12, if possible so charged that both for the heat consumption as Also enough energy stored in connection with the energy generated by the cogeneration plant 10 for the calculated period is available for the power consumption to cover the peak loads.
  • the electrical energy either from the combined heat and power plant 10 itself or from the memory 12 for electrical energy via a switch 12e and to use for an electric heater 19 in the heat storage 1 1 to generate more heat. It is the goal of the central control unit 16 to charge the two energy stores 1 1 and 12 in accordance with the calculated consumption profile, wherein as a secondary condition the fact must be taken into account that electrical energy in the memory 12 is virtually lost in heat for heat storage 1 1 but it is not possible to transform heat into memory 1 1 back into electrical energy without very large losses.
  • the task of the central control unit 16 which is described below, is to balance the charge of the heat accumulator 11, the electrical energy accumulator 12, and the energy consumption calculated from forecast data over a predetermined period of time by charging the accumulators 11 and 12 before to maintain expected energy consumption.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sketch of a central control unit 16 in which the central control unit 16 receives information about individual energy consumers 2, 3, 4 and 5, 6 via at least one communication network, shown here as communication network subscribers identified as "ID".
  • ID communication network subscribers
  • the central control unit 16 receives information about individual energy producers 10, 1 1, optionally an additional photovoltaic system 20 and / or a wind turbine 21, represented here by a power indicator 10 a, and information about individual energy storage 1 1, 12 for electrical energy and heat energy , Shown here by a thermometer group 1 1 a for the heat storage 1 1 and a charge indicator 12f for a memory 12 for electrical energy.
  • the central control unit 16 retrieves weather forecast data from a forecast source 17 in order to calculate the heat consumption of the building unit 1 and also to provide the charge of the memory 12 for electrical energy from photovoltaic power or from the electric power of a cogeneration power plant 10.
  • Still further data for the control are historical consumption data 18, which are correlated for example with calendar days, weekdays and seasons.
  • typical consumption patterns in the historical consumption data 18 can reveal the energy requirement to be calculated.
  • the central control unit 16 controls the power generation as well as the power consumption.
  • the central control device 16 is connected to remotely operable switches 13, which control the individual energy consumers, energy producers and energy storage depending on the type, regulate in the power, reset the consumption or prefer to make the charge of energy storage at a given time ,
  • the central control unit 16 can be a program installed on a generic PC, which is connected to the individual elements to be controlled via known network technology, but it is also possible to connect the central control unit 16 to the energy consumers via own bus systems. where as additional data digital thermometer the temperatures of individual rooms and the outside temperature are read out.
  • a generic heating system from the inventory in the system and to take over digital thermometer the heating control by the inventory heating is simulated via a thermometer a higher temperature in a room, so that the existing heating does not heat when the energy consumption by the central control device 16 should be reset.
  • an intelligent intermediate plug 14 shown in FIG. 3 can be provided, which can be individually addressed, programmed and switched by the central control unit.
  • the intelligent adapter 14 is addressed via a communication network, wireless, wired or via the building electricity network, it is programmed, whether it is an energy consumer who can accept a deferral of energy consumption or not, whether the energy consumer can be power controlled (dimmable ) or not, and a further number of parameters to characterize the energy consumer, such as expected consumption time at power-up, expected consumption profile at power-on, priority of the consumer, expected change in fuel consumption and consumption profile when power consumption is deferred by the central control unit, acceptance of power control by alternate switch on / off, waste heat output for inclusion in the calculation of the necessary heat output in the building unit, identification number, current power consumption.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow chart for the reception of prognosis data, the calculation of the energy consumption and the charge of individual energy stores.
  • the flowchart begins after its start with step 1, the receiving of forecast data on weather and / or energy-related events via at least one communication network by the at least one central control unit. These data are processed internally via rules.
  • step 2 by calculating the energy consumption required over a defined period of time and the consumption profile from the prognosis data and from historical consumption data by the at least one central control unit. This step preferably takes place at the beginning of a day.
  • step 3 the charging of the individual energy storage by the individual power generator, the charge is triggered by the central control unit in time before the calculated energy consumption.
  • this sequence is repeated iteratively to adapt the consumption profile to changing conditions dictated by the receipt of forecast data and energy consumer data, power generator data, and energy storage data.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sketch of a cascade energy store.
  • a combined heat and power plant 10 converts energy from fossil or regenerative fuels into an approximately constant ratio of electrical energy 30 to thermal energy 31 within certain limits.
  • a ratio of 1: 3 of electrical energy 30 to heat energy 31 can be achieved, and only with larger combined heat and power plants with respect to power does the ratio of electrical energy 30 to heat energy 31 shift to a ratio of approximately 1: 1 .
  • This ratio of energy production is offset by the fact that the energy consumption of building units usually has a larger proportion of heat energy 31 than electrical energy 30.
  • the heat loss in winter is steady and in summer heat loss is more likely in larger individual withdrawals for the production of hot water.
  • the memory 12 can be charged for electrical energy with low power to produce heat energy 31 through the cogeneration unit 10 only to such an extent that flows through the heat storage 1 1 anyway in the building unit 1 in the form of heat.
  • the electrical charge can be additionally charged by photovoltaic power from a photovoltaic system 20 or by electricity from a wind turbine 21 to shift the ratio of electrical charge in the accumulator 12 to heat in accumulator 11 to the side of the electrical charge.
  • FIG. 6 shows a categorization of different energy consumers in relation to requirements for energy quality and acceptance of a time delay of control and power limitation.
  • Q is used to set the quality requirement for the electricity provided.
  • Such consumers which are insensitive to the power quality, such as incandescent lamps 2, can be power-controlled. For this purpose, it is possible to operate, for example by switching on and off with high frequency (dimming) outdoor lighting at half power and a proximity switch is only the full power requested.
  • Heaters 5 are also frugal in terms of energy quality. The requirement of energy through heaters, air conditioners and refrigerators can be briefly reset in favor of energy consumers with high priority, such as computers, communication electronics 3, or staircase lighting, without a significant deterioration in the efficiency is to be accepted.
  • the other axis shows the priority with respect to a time delay ( ⁇ ) of the energy requirement.
  • ⁇ time delay
  • a du- see 6 needs immediate heat, ( ⁇ is very small), however, a space heater 5 with a comparatively slow control loop in relation to a power request can be reset briefly ( ⁇ is greater).
  • a refrigerator 4 needs electrical energy that is not dimmed, so it has a high energy quality requirement but can also be reset for a short time in relation to the energy requirement.
  • washing machines that have a high energy quality requirement can be greatly varied in time if it is only important that the laundry be washed within a day.
  • Heat storage 30 electrical energy storage for electrical 31 heat energy

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commande de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité d'immeuble (1) avec tous les consommateurs de courant (2, 3, 4) et de chaleur (5, 6) associés à l'unité d'immeuble en tant que consommateurs d'énergie. Selon le procédé, au moins une unité de commande centrale (16) obtient par le biais d'au moins un réseau de communication des informations relatives aux différents consommateurs d'énergie, aux différents producteurs d'énergie et aux différents accumulateurs d'énergie pour l'énergie électrique et pour l'énergie thermique et commande à partir de ces informations aussi bien la production d'énergie que la consommation d'énergie. Le procédé selon la présente invention comprend : la réception (étape 1) de données de pronostic (17) sur les conditions météorologiques et/ou sur des événements ayant une répercussion sur la consommation d'énergie par le biais au moins d'un réseau de communication par le biais de la ou des unités de commande centrales (16) ; le calcul (étape 2) de la consommation d'énergie, nécessaire au cours d'une période de temps définie, et du profil de consommation à partir des données de pronostic (17) et à partir de données de consommation historiques (18) par le biais de la ou des unités de commande centrales (16) ; le chargement (étape 3) des différents accumulateurs d'énergie par les différents producteurs d'énergie, le chargement et le déchargement par l'unité de commande centrale (1) étant déclenchés dans le temps avant la consommation d'énergie calculée. L'invention permet d'exploiter un immeuble d'une manière neutre par rapport au réseau public de distribution électrique.
PCT/DE2015/000092 2015-03-02 2015-03-02 Procédé de commande de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité d'immeuble et unité de distribution décentralisée d'énergie WO2016138885A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2015/000092 WO2016138885A1 (fr) 2015-03-02 2015-03-02 Procédé de commande de la consommation d'énergie d'une unité d'immeuble et unité de distribution décentralisée d'énergie

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CN108805322A (zh) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-13 南京理工大学 一种私家车的充电负荷时空分布预测方法
CN109886494A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-14 华北电力大学 一种工业园区综合能源系统互动优化方法及系统
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CN112766797A (zh) * 2021-01-30 2021-05-07 广东新华建工程有限公司 光电一体化建筑供能方法及系统
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CN107036238A (zh) * 2016-10-26 2017-08-11 中华电信股份有限公司 动态预测外气与负载智慧节能控制方法
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CN112766797B (zh) * 2021-01-30 2023-12-22 新华建集团(广东)建设有限公司 光电一体化建筑供能方法及系统

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