DE102019112270A1 - Arrangement and method for energy consumption control - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for regulating the energy flows between a building or several neighboring buildings assigned energy nodes in the form of energy sources (EQ), energy consumers (EV) and energy stores (ES), each energy node being assigned to at least one type of energy, including one Control unit (10) with data processing means and control software (11) executed thereon, power recording means for recording the power currently being generated by the energy source (s) (EQ) of an energy type, consumption recording means for recording a currently consumed power of all consumers (EV) of an energy type, storage state determination means to determine a degree of filling of the energy store (s) (ES) of an energy type and actuators, by means of which the control unit (10) via the control software (11) based on the currently generated and consumed power and the stored energy according to a specified Str ategie the energy flows of each type of energy from one or more of the energy sources (EQ) to one or more of the energy stores (ES) and / or one or more of the energy consumers (EV), and / or from one or more of the energy stores (ES) to one or more regulates several of the energy consumers (EV), with at least one energy source of two different types of energy being available, and with at least one regenerative energy source being available and at least one of the energy nodes being assigned to two types of energy and the control unit (10) being prepared for this by means of the control software (11) to convert one type of energy into another in order to optimize one's own energy consumption, and / or at least one regenerative energy source of two different types of energy is available.

Description

Field of invention

The present invention relates to an arrangement and a method for controlling the energy flows between a building or several neighboring buildings of associated energy nodes in the form of energy sources ( EQ ), Energy consumers ( EV ) and energy storage ( IT ).

Background and prior art

The expansion of renewable energies, which is being promoted as an important contribution to climate protection in many countries around the world, but is being particularly promoted in Germany, makes efficient storage of energy, especially electrical energy, indispensable due to the associated volatility and seasonality of energy input. Here, volatility is intended to refer to fluctuations on a time scale from hours to days, while seasonality refers to fluctuations on a time scale of one to several months.

The expansion of large-scale electricity storage is associated with major technical and political difficulties: the expansion of pumped storage power plants, the most efficient large-scale storage type with an efficiency of 75-80%, are geologically limited. The storage capacity currently available in Germany of only 38 GWh could, in the extreme case, if all geologically suitable sites were used, increase to a maximum of approx. 300 GWh and would therefore be far below the storage requirement of, with completely regenerative electricity production, a few tens of terawatt hours, which is in particular to compensate for seasonal fluctuations. In addition, even such an expansion would probably not be politically feasible against the expected resistance from residents and environmentalists.

Battery storage systems are just as efficient as pumped storage power plants for compensating for short-term fluctuations, but compensating for seasonal fluctuations, which makes it necessary to store electricity over a period of several months, is associated with efficiency losses due to self-discharge. The biggest problem in the implementation of large-scale battery storage systems, however, is of an economic nature, because the costs per kilowatt hour of storage volume are approximately one order of magnitude higher than with pumped storage systems, even with the costs that are expected in the future due to economies of scale.

Chemical storage systems, especially methane storage systems, in which electricity is initially used for electrolytic generation and which is then reacted with CO2 to form methane either in chemical or bioreactors, have no storage volume problems, but are energetically very inefficient with an overall efficiency of approx. 25%.

Another often propagated idea of using the batteries of electric cars as buffer storage can certainly make a contribution to balancing the daily peak loads, but balancing the seasonal fluctuations is not practicable because it would mean that the future electric car fleet would be in spring , when the combined supply of solar and wind power is at its highest, would have to be fully refueled / charged, and then should not or hardly be moved until the usual seasonal minimum of the supply in November / December. In addition, the necessary fleet size is also unrealistic: a storage volume of 10 TWh corresponds to 100 million electric cars, each with 100 kWh battery capacity. This contrasts sharply with the current number of all motor vehicles in Germany of approx. 45 million, which in view of the demographic development will tend to stagnate or even decrease in the future.

For these reasons, on the one hand, additional storage is required and, on the other hand, attempts must be made to reduce the electricity demand that is requested from the network as much as possible. Buildings that are energetically optimized and partially or completely self-sufficient play an important role here, as residential buildings in Germany are responsible for around 25% of both the total primary and electricity consumption.

An important aspect here is maximizing the self-consumption of energy generated by the building's regenerative energy sources / generators. Photovoltaic systems are probably the most common electrical energy sources installed in buildings. In addition, some buildings also have their own wind or water turbines to generate electricity for their own use or to feed into the grid. Solar thermal systems are quite widespread in terms of regenerative thermal energy sources, but a combination of photovoltaics and heat pumps is also effectively a regenerative heat source. In addition, water-bearing wood stoves are also widespread, which not only release the heat generated during combustion into the room in which they are installed, but also transfer part of the heat via a heating circuit to a hot water tank and store it temporarily and thus for hot water preparation and / or Contribute to heating other rooms.

Today's building technology knows in the form of combined heat and power plants and fuel cell heating systems that are not (necessary) regenerative, but combined sources of electrical and thermal Energy, which can contribute to an increase in efficiency in the use of primary energy. The disadvantage of these systems is the more or less fixed ratio between the electrical and thermal energy produced: depending on the system, approx. 1-4 kWh of thermal energy are generated per kWh of electrical energy. This also results in a seasonality with these systems, because in summer, when there is no heating requirement, such a combination system cannot be used or cannot be used efficiently to cover the building's own electricity needs.

Water storage tanks as thermal energy stores have long been established in central heating systems in order to avoid inefficient and stressful frequent switching on and off of the heating burner.

With the advent of electrical energy sources in building technology, there has also been a need for storage devices for electrical energy, commonly known as electricity storage. For this purpose, rechargeable batteries are often used, since they are comparatively space-saving and can be integrated into the house network with little circuit effort.

Chemical energy storage in the form of electrolysers with a coupled storage tank for hydrogen or methane are also known. They usually serve to store electricity, with the chemical energy then being converted back into electrical energy by a fuel cell. Use as thermal storage, in which the stored chemical energy is used through combustion, is conceivable and interesting as an emergency measure in the event of an interruption in the gas supply, but not recommended due to the technical and economic inefficiency in regular operation.

In order to integrate these various energy sources with their different performance parameters and poor or unpredictable temporal fluctuations into the energy infrastructure of a building, the energy flows of the individual types of energy, electrical, thermal or chemical, must be between the energy nodes of the building infrastructure, i.e. from the individual sources to the consumers and / or, if available, the energy storage systems of the building are controlled or regulated.
In most buildings today, this is done using a large number of decentralized, separate systems that only monitor a single source or the flow of energy between only two nodes. However, integrated systems for power flow control are also known.

This is how the publication describes DE 10 2014 001 535 A1 an energy management system comprising a data processing device, an internal energy store, and several connections: one to the (electricity) network, one for a regenerative electrical energy source and at least one third for an electrical consumer, as well as a measuring and a control device, the data processing device being controlled by the Control device performs an optimization of the distribution of electrical energy with regard to the target set by the user as a function of a predetermined control strategy, the recorded measured values and set operating modes and parameters such as electricity price level or feed-in tariffs. There is no provision for integrating thermal sources or coupling the electrical and thermal building infrastructure through nodes with a dual function, such as block-type thermal power stations, fuel cell heating systems, heat pumps or electrical heating elements.

In the utility model DE 20 2011 005 048 U1 is an electrical energy distribution device for a building with a building's own power source comprising a control device, an active power measuring device arranged between the house network and the public network, the measurement results being transmitted to the control device and a consumer control for supplying a consumer of the house network, the control device via the consumer control controls the consumer depending on the measured active power in order to activate it in particular when electricity is being fed into the public network from the house network. This increases self-consumption, which may not always be advantageous in terms of costs, but in any case is advantageous from an environmental point of view. A coupling between the thermal and electrical infrastructure is not disclosed here either.

In the European patent specification EP 2 830 184 B1 discloses a power management apparatus for a building with a local electrical power source, comprising a power generation estimation unit, a storage unit, an extraction unit, a calculation unit, a simulator and a schedule creation unit. These should be used to estimate an expected amount of energy generated and a likely to be expected future temporal course of the load depending on the previously observed estimate, simulate the expected costs and operate the energy source according to a cost-optimized operating schedule. Energy storage in the form of a rechargeable battery and a fuel cell are also integrated.
Control or regulation of the thermal energy balance is also not provided here.

The disclosure document DE 10 2010 017 264 A1 proposes a system for controlling the energy balance of a building with at least one local power generator and several local power consumers, each comprising a measuring device for determining the current power output of the power generator or power consumption of the consumer. A control device controls the consumers depending on the measured values and, in particular, activates additional consumers if there is an excess of electrical power. In addition, it is proposed in some embodiments to incorporate a power storage device and, depending on the ratio of generated and consumed power, to use it as a power generator or power consumer. A specific control strategy or target variable to be optimized is not disclosed. It is also proposed to use the control device for monitoring the thermal energy balance of the building without specifying how the internal energy consumption can be optimized in this case. A local regenerative thermal energy source or a coupling of the thermal and electrical infrastructure is not disclosed here.

Technical task

• - eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Energieknoten miteinander zu verbinden,
• - unter effizientem Einsatz aller Energieknoten den Eigenverbrauch des/r Gebäude/s oder eine andere Zielgröße wie die Energiekosten oder den Einspeiseerlös zu optimieren, und
• - hierbei robust ist und wirtschaftlich zu arbeiten.

The present invention has therefore set itself the task of further developing the known systems for controlling or regulating the energy consumption of one or a small number of spatially adjacent buildings in such a way that they are capable

• - to connect a large number of different energy nodes with one another,
• - to optimize the building's own consumption or another target value such as energy costs or feed-in revenue using efficient use of all energy nodes, and
• - is robust and economical to work.

Solution of the task

This object is achieved by an arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 9, a method according to one of Claims 10 to 16.

As stated there, the basic principle of the arrangement for energy control as well as the method implemented by it is given by the fact that control software, which is executed on data processing means of a control unit, uses power recording and consumption recording means for each type of energy, a currently generated and a currently consumed power as well A current storage level of all energy stores via storage level determination means. Depending on the results and the target variable to be optimized, the energy flows from the sources to the consumers or stores or from the stores to the consumers are controlled or regulated by means of actuators. If the self-consumption of renewable local energy sources is to be maximized as a target value, any excess power of one type of energy is used by controllable consumers, stored or converted into another form of energy, for example from electrical to chemical or thermal. When energy costs are minimized, energy generated at low tariff times is preferably stored or fed into a public grid rather than being consumed directly. The internal implementation of the decision on how the energy is to be used is implemented by the control software using a control algorithm that uses priorities assigned to each energy node and dependent on the target variable to be optimized.

It is essential for the arrangement according to the invention for energy consumption control that it is used for the integrated control or regulation of at least two types of energy and that it integrates existing regenerative energy sources into the energy infrastructure of the building or the group of buildings - adjacent or in close proximity to one another - that self-consumption or another target value, such as a feed-in tariff or the total energy costs, is optimized. In particular, the energy consumption control regulates both the electrical and the thermal infrastructure. In addition, other forms of energy can also be incorporated, such as chemical energy in the form of high-energy compounds such as H2 or CH4.

According to one aspect, the arrangement according to the invention integrates two or more regenerative energy sources of at least two different types of energy and controls the energy flows from these sources to the building-internal consumers and stores in order to optimize a predetermined target value. The regenerative energy sources can generate electrical energy, such as a photovoltaic system, a water or a wind turbine. Or there are regenerative heat sources, such as a solar thermal system, a water-bearing wood stove or heat pumps or heating rods operated with regenerative electricity.

The control procedure provides for each of the types of energy, by means of power recording. and consumption recording means to record the currently generated and consumed total power, as well as to determine the storage status of any energy storage devices that may be present and, on the basis of this data, to take actions via the existing actuators that help to optimize the selected target function.

In order to maximize the self-consumption of a regenerative local power source, the generated power would be supplied to consumers that can be controlled in descending priority. This prioritization system is implemented by assigning a certain priority value to each consumer. Certain meaningful values are preprogrammed, but can also be changed by the user of the system via input means of the control unit of the self-consumption control according to the invention.

By default, the highest priority would be assigned to pure local consumers such as a washing machine, dishwasher, electric stove or other household appliance that is flexible in its usage time, since immediate consumption means the most efficient use. In addition to the priority value, a user of the system could specify which of these consumers are actually available for such a centrally controlled flexible mode of use and pre-program times for each of the devices in which it can run or must run or may not run, as well as a priority . If the user does not specify any priority, the control unit sets a standard value. If this consumer is assigned the highest priority, an available consumer (marked as “can run” or “must run”) would first be activated (“can run”) or operated with locally generated electricity (“must run”).

Locally generated electricity, which cannot be used directly by local consumers, would only be passed on to electricity storage. These function as consumers when charging, but as a source when discharging. For example, the current or the electrical energy could be used to charge a rechargeable battery or to operate an electrolyzer. The latter generates hydrogen gas, which can be stored or liquefied directly in a pressure tank or converted further into methane. Methane has a lower specific energy compared to hydrogen, but the advantage of being easier to store (long-term). The stored chemical energy would be converted back into electrical energy via a fuel cell.

The electricity storage units can in turn be prioritized among each other, e.g. a battery has a higher priority than a hydrogen or methane storage unit. The latter is the standard prioritization sequence preset in the control algorithm, which is based on the fact that battery storage systems are more efficient than hydrogen or methane storage systems. Again, the user is free to change this preset order. The same priority can also be assigned to both, in which case the electrical energy generated per time would be distributed to all storage units with the same priority and only power exceeding the common maximum input power would be passed on to storage units with the next lower priority.

If all storage capacities for electrical energy are fully exhausted, the control algorithm of the consumption control according to the invention assigns a generated power that exceeds the current consumption to electricity consumers with the next lower priority. By default, these would be heat pumps or heating rods as so-called conversion consumers, which convert the electrical energy into thermal energy and initially direct (pure) thermal consumers and / or thermal consumers according to a prioritization scheme provided for the thermal infrastructure of the building in a manner similar to that provided for the electrical system by the control algorithm Save would be fed.

Due to their higher efficiency, heat pumps heating rods are preferred according to the pre-set priorities if there is a heating requirement, the building itself can still be used as a temperature store and / or the heat pump is capable of feeding a heat store.

This leads to a further aspect of the present energy consumption control, namely that it creates a coupling between the various energy infrastructures even with only one single regenerative energy source in the manner described above by means of conversion nodes, i.e. energy nodes that are assigned to at least two different types of energy, and this is created by the control unit and which is integrated through this implemented control strategy in such a way that the desired target variable optimization takes place.

Two examples of such conversion nodes are the aforementioned heat pumps and heating rods, which convert electrical energy into thermal energy (el-> th). Others are block-type thermal power stations and fuel cell heating systems, both of which convert chemical into thermal plus electrical energy (ch-> th, el) as well as the aforementioned electrolysers or hydrogen or methane storage (el-> ch). The gas generated and stored by the latter can not only be converted into electricity again via a fuel cell, as stated above, but also burned in a gas burner or converted into a combination of heat and electricity in a block-type thermal power station or a fuel cell heating system.

Through these conversion nodes it is possible to use excess energy that is not directly consumed a form of energy with lower entropy, i.e. in particular electrical energy, but also chemical energy, to be converted into another form of energy that can be stored more easily or longer or for which there is a direct need for consumption.

With the help of the present invention, the energy flows of a single building with one or more local energy producers can be controlled or regulated, but also that of several buildings that are spatially close to one another and equipped with a common energy infrastructure.

The arrangement according to the invention overcomes the problem existing in the systems known from the prior art that the two subnetworks of the electrical and thermal building infrastructure exist separately next to one another and an effective and efficient coupling does not take place. The invention thus makes it possible to increase the degree of self-consumption significantly above the value that can be achieved with the known systems.

Advanced training

Advantageous developments of the present invention are to be presented below. They can be implemented individually or in combination as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the control software comprises an object-oriented control algorithm which accesses a database in which data objects are stored, each of which represents one of the energy nodes of the energy infrastructure of the building / s. For this purpose, the data objects include the type of energy as object data, or, in the case of conversion nodes, the types of energy to which the node is assigned, the function of the node as a (pure) source / generator, storage device or (pure) consumer in each of its types of energy and as well as data points that are assigned to Measurement devices and actuators correspond, which monitor or control the function of the energy node or the energy flows from and to the node or the internal state of the node. The data objects also include a control algorithm for each energy node, which maps the functionality of the node as a generator, memory or consumer.

The measuring device can be a flow meter such as a gas flow, electricity or heat meter, or a condition meter for monitoring the state of charge or the safe function such as temperature sensors of a heat storage device or a rechargeable battery, pressure sensors of a heat or gas storage device or landing status monitoring of a rechargeable battery .
Actuators of the energy consumption control according to the invention are switching or control outputs to which the energy nodes are connected and via which a node can be switched on or off or also gradually regulated.

The database is preferably implemented as a separate module, in particular as a table or several tables, which are directly accessible and editable. In this way, changes to the energy infrastructure, i.e. the addition or removal of energy nodes, or the creation of a new connection between two existing nodes, by adding or deleting data objects or adding the data points recorded for an object or the control algorithm, can be comparatively simple and the control software can be adapted quickly, in particular by the user himself. This can quickly create new functionality through the database system in the form of element extensions of the individual tables. In order to make this particularly convenient and easy, the data points, i.e. measuring devices and actuators, for the devices / energy nodes of various device manufacturers are made available to the user via a gateway, where they can be downloaded and integrated into his database.

Furthermore, all data points, that is to say measuring devices or actuators, are preferably summarized in groups in the database, a group comprising all data points which are assigned to a specific energy node or a functionally connected group of energy nodes.

In practice, the data points are addressed via a specific bus system, which is specified by the design of the energy node to be controlled. The control unit of the energy flow control according to the invention is therefore preferably designed such that all common bus systems are supported. This includes in particular KNX, MODBUS, RTU / TCP, EnOcean. The bus system used for a data point is preferably also stored in the data object representing the energy node and can be configured there individually for each data point.

The object data of the data objects furthermore preferably also include a priority value which is taken into account by the control algorithm for the preferred consideration in the acceptance (energy producer or storage) or allocation (consumer, storage).

In addition to the object data of the data objects, the control software preferably also takes operating modes into account when controlling or regulating the energy flows. The operating modes can be activated manually by the user or can also be preset according to a schedule. The different control strategy in the individual operating modes can preferably be implemented in whole or in part by adapting the priority values assigned to the individual energy nodes.

The control software of the energy consumption control according to the invention is preferably based on Linux, i.e. uses some or all of the modules of the open source software Linux.

The at least two types of energy that are managed by the energy consumption controller of the present invention preferably include electrical and thermal energy. That means there are thermal and electrical energy nodes.

One or more heat sources are available at the thermal energy nodes of the building energy infrastructure in the form of a non-regenerative heat source such as a peak load burner for gas or oil, a combination generator such as a combined heat and power unit ( CHP ) or a fuel cell heater, a regenerative heat source such as a solar thermal system or a water-bearing wood stove or a conversion node such as a heating rod or a heat pump. There are also one or more heat consumers, such as a building heating system with one or more heating circuits, hot water preparation and / or a swimming pool / pool. In addition, one or more heat storage tanks such as a hot water storage tank ( WWS ) or a latent heat storage ( Lumbar spine ) to be available.

At electrical energy nodes there are one or more generators / generators in the form of regenerative generators such as a photovoltaic system, a water turbine or a wind turbine and / or combined generators such as a block-type thermal power station or a fuel cell heater and / or a non-regenerative generator such as a diesel generator. Furthermore, there are one or more electrical loads in the form of one or more household appliances, lighting and / or data processing or communication devices. In addition, one or more electricity storage devices such as a rechargeable battery, a hydrogen or methane storage device, and / or a compressed air storage device can preferably be present.

The connection to the public power grid can also be part of the energy infrastructure and be represented by a data object. In terms of functionality, the grid connection would be a storage device, because it can function both as a power source and as a power consumer (grid feed-in). The priority of the “consumer” functionality can be set to a high value to maximize feed-in tariffs or minimize electricity costs. The priority as a power source is generally set to a lower value than that of all other existing (local) power generators, regardless of whether the target value is to maximize self-consumption or minimize energy costs.

In some embodiments of the invention, the drive battery of an electric vehicle ( EV ) Part of the electrical energy infrastructure of the building and for this purpose a data object in the database of the control software according to the invention. Depending on the user settings, the EV battery can be declared as a pure consumer in order to always ensure the highest possible charge level of the EV battery, or it can be declared as a store for electrical energy and thus used to satisfy the needs of the other consumers. Particularly preferably, the user can configure a minimum charge state of the EV battery, up to which it can be discharged in the course of meeting the needs of the other building-internal consumers. If this lower threshold is reached, the EV battery is no longer discharged by the control software. The minimum charge level can be selected as a function of time and at one time be a value below 100%, approximately 70%, and at another time it can be set to a higher value, approximately 90% or 100%, so that the full range of the electric vehicle is then used Available.

Particularly preferably, some or all of the thermal and / or electrical loads can be (remotely) controlled so that they can be included in the energy consumption strategy of the consumption control proposed here.

In preferred embodiments, the control unit is accommodated in a housing. A compact design, which generally blends in well with the existing infrastructure, is implemented using a cuboid housing, preferably with a square base. The side length of the square is preferably between 300 and 1000 mm, particularly preferably between 500 and 700 mm. The height of the housing is preferably between 500 and 2500 mm, particularly preferably between 1200 and 2000 mm, even more preferably between 1500 and 1700 mm.

On the outside of the housing, data interfaces of the control unit are led to the outside, which are used as data inputs for the measurement data of the connected measurement devices (e.g. Electricity or heat meters, temperature or pressure sensors, charge level monitoring) and data outputs for control data to the actuators (remote switches / controllers of the energy nodes or energy distributors) are used. Digital data interfaces for both measurement and control data and analog interfaces are preferably provided at least as measurement data or signal inputs.

In addition, connections for direct and / or alternating current are also preferably present, particularly particularly preferably interfaces for 48V direct current and / or single-phase 220-240V alternating current or three-phase 380 V three-phase current. Particularly preferably, some or all of the connections are capable of both emitting and absorbing energy, that is to say they can serve as an input as well as an output.

In specific embodiments, at least one variable connection is provided which can output both direct and alternating current and whose operating mode is set by the control unit as a function of the configuration of the connected energy node. For this purpose, a data interface is preferably assigned to the variable connection, via which the control unit can query the correct setting in the connected device and adapt the data object representing the device accordingly. Alternatively or additionally, the data object can also be configured by the user.

Embodiments of the control unit according to the invention comprise one or more electric charging stations.

In some embodiments of the invention, the control unit comprises one or more internal energy nodes. If the control unit is housed in a housing, these internal nodes are preferably housed in the same housing. The internal energy nodes can comprise one or more rechargeable batteries each with an assigned battery management system, one or more power distributors for direct or alternating current, and / or one or more rectifiers and / or inverters.

In particular, two inverters are integrated, by means of which direct current generated regeneratively, for example via a photovoltaic system, and, at the same time, direct current taken from a power storage device can be converted into alternating current. The inverters preferably output three-phase alternating current and are designed for an output of at least 1 kW, preferably at least 5 kW, even more preferably between 5 to 20 kW.

An internal rechargeable battery is also preferably accommodated in the housing. This can be a lead-acid, silver-zinc or a lithium-ion battery, but is particularly preferably a lead-crystal battery. The latter is characterized by a high cycle stability of at least 3600 cycles, a long service life even at higher ambient temperatures, a wide operating temperature window from -40 to +65 degrees Celsius, environmentally friendly disposal and no need for ventilation due to the absence of gas formation and fire or Risk of explosion. The internal battery preferably has a capacity of more than 1 kWh, even more preferably of more than 5 kWh, and particularly preferably between 5 and 10 kWh.

In embodiments of the invention, the arrangement according to the invention is also capable of providing an emergency power supply for all or some of the connected consumers by means of the electrical energy stored in an internal and / or possibly further connected external power storage device. If a failure of the grid power is registered, the grid connection is blocked and the existing electrical load is taken over by the existing power storage. In order for this to happen as quickly as possible, a quickly switchable power storage device is necessary. An internal battery storage or a combination of (internal) high-performance capacitor and internal and / or external battery storage is ideal for this. A hydrogen or methane storage system, in which the electrical energy is recovered via a fuel cell, is poorly suited for this purpose due to the slow start times.

In the embodiments in which important components of the arrangement such as control unit, battery storage, inverter are accommodated as described in a housing with corresponding (data) interfaces and power connections, some of the power connections can be classified as prioritized connections and an emergency power supply can be limited to these connections . Important consumers that should continue to run in the event of a power failure, such as data processing devices such as PCs or servers, would then be connected to these connections. Less important consumers, which do not necessarily have to continue running in the event of a mains power loss, could be connected to the non-prioritized connections.

The status of a connection can preferably be set as prioritized / not prioritized via the configuration of the control software and thus changed at any time. Particularly preferably, the status could also be activated automatically or by the control unit dynamically adapted at the request of the consumer. For example, currently active consumers such as a printer in the printing process, a running washing machine and / or a running dryer could be prioritized until they have completed their task or reached a stable intermediate state before they are deactivated by the control unit to save memory reserves. by removing the priority status from their connection.

The control unit particularly preferably comprises, in particular internally in a housing, safety means for protecting all power lines, that is to say those lines via which electrical energy with a power of more than just a few watts is transmitted.

Modbus TCP / RTU, KNX, WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS , LAN, BACnet, EnOcean and Z-Wave are supported.

Wireless data interfaces in the form of a WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS or Bluetooth interfaces are preferably also available.

Via this, but also via LAN interfaces that are also available in some versions, the control unit can be configured via an external data processing device such as a PC, laptop, tablet or smartphone. Alternatively or additionally, the control unit also has a display and / or input means, for example a touch-sensitive display or a display and a keyboard, via which the user can change configuration settings directly on the control unit.

The method according to the invention for energy flow control preferably provides a control strategy implemented by the control software in order to optimize a predetermined target variable. The target variable to be optimized can particularly preferably be selected by the user and set when configuring the control software.

This target variable can be the total gross energy costs. The locally generated energy would then be used in such a way that as little energy as possible would have to be purchased. Energy produced by the building's own or local energy producers at a time of low energy costs would tend to be stored rather than consumed, and the current energy demand would be met from public sources if and to the extent that an estimate of the total consumption for a calculation period by the control software shows that the locally generated energy is not sufficient to meet demand. In times of high energy costs, the demand would then be covered as far as possible by locally generated energy, whether currently generated or previously stored.

The target variable can also be the total net energy costs. The control software would proceed in a similar way to minimizing the gross energy costs, but with the difference that a feed-in tariff is also taken into account. In this case, the control software does an opportunity cost calculation in which the achievable cost savings through meeting the demand with local energy at high tariff times are weighed against the achievable profit with feed-in instead of storage.

In preferred embodiments, the target variable that is to be optimized by the control software within the framework of the control strategy carried out is the degree of self-consumption of the locally regeneratively generated energy. This can be maximized by using the generated energy as directly as possible or, if this is not possible, storing it for later consumption. Electrical energy can be converted into thermal energy and consumed or stored in this form. Feeding into the public network, currently only known for electricity, but also conceivable for the other forms of energy thermal and chemical energy, only takes place according to the invention if excess energy is still available after integrating all direct consumption and storage capacities of all types of energy.

The optimization of the self-consumption of a regenerative thermal energy source such as a solar thermal system, a water-bearing wood stove or a heat pump and / or heating elements operated with regenerative electricity is preferably carried out according to the invention, taking into account at least the four operating modes "present", "absent", "vacation" and "currently" back".

In the "present" mode, if the measurement of the current heat production shows an excess over the current consumption, the control unit prioritizes the increase in the current consumption. For this purpose, a heating circuit pump is preferably switched on or the pump output is increased and the target temperature of the heating elements in the building is increased via remote-controlled temperature regulators. This serves to use the building as a heat reservoir. In order to prevent the room temperature in the building from increasing to unpleasant values, the target temperature increase made by the control unit can be set to certain absolute values, for example a value between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, in particular 24 degrees Celsius, or relative values, for example between +2 to + 10, in particular +3 degrees above the value set locally on the thermostat.

At the same time or preferably, the storage capacity of a heat store, such as a hot water store in the heating system or a latent heat store, can also be used to store the excess heat energy for future consumption. Latent heat storage units have the advantage of a lower rate of heat loss, since the temperature difference between the interior of the storage unit and the environment is lower.

Heat production by non-regenerative heat sources such as gas or oil burners is blocked in the event of an excess.
But even if there is a deficit, the control unit limits the non-regenerative heat production to the difference between the heat demand of all consumers (building heating, hot water, swimming pool, etc.) and the regeneratively generated heat output.

In the "absent" operating mode, the target temperature of the building heating is reduced for all non-regenerative sources so that these are only rarely switched on or not at all if sufficient regeneratively generated heat is available. In this mode, hot water and swimming pool heating are exclusively generated using regenerative heat. I.e. if there is none, no hot water is provided or no swimming pool heating is operated.

In the "Vacation" operating mode, the target temperature of the building heating for all non-regenerative heat generators is reduced to a minimum "frost protection" level. This means that these sources are running just enough to prevent the pipes from freezing at low temperatures. The hot water generation is also operated in this mode with excess regenerative heat.

In the fourth operating mode “just back”, a normal heating and hot water situation is restored as quickly as possible using non-regenerative heat generators.

The self-consumption of the electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic system is preferably done according to the method of the invention by dividing the day into three sub-areas between three times, a first, a later second and an even later third time, the period between the third and the first time (of the next day) corresponds to a nighttime during which no energy production from the photovoltaic system is to be expected.
During this night time, a power storage device, such as a rechargeable battery, is used to cover the electrical consumption in the building, with a maximum output power that is less than or equal to a maximum output power of the power storage device and is gradually discharged until either a certain amount lower discharge threshold or the first time and thus the end of the night time has been reached. If one of these criteria occurs, the discharge is stopped and as soon as photovoltaic power is available again, the recharging is started. According to the invention, this is continued until a first charging threshold is reached for the first time. Then, until the second time is reached at the end of the first part of the day, alternating discharging up to a further discharge threshold, which is usually selected higher than the nightly discharging threshold, and subsequent recharging up to a second charging threshold, which is usually selected to be the same or lower is than the first. As a result of this procedure, the charge level of the power storage unit shows a sawtooth-shaped time curve during the second part of the day. When the second time is reached, any discharging of the storage unit is stopped and the photovoltaic current is used exclusively for charging, so that the electricity storage unit ideally reaches its upper charging threshold precisely at the third time.

The times are preferably adjusted by the control software depending on the geographical location of the building to the seasonal change in day length. In addition, an adaptation based on current weather forecasts can particularly preferably also take place. If, for example, the passage of cloud cover is predicted towards the end of the day, the control software can move the second time of the day forward in order to ensure, as far as possible, that the electricity storage system will be fully charged at the end of the day.

Embodiments

Further properties, features and advantages of the present invention emerge from the exemplary embodiments presented below with reference to the figures. These are only intended to illustrate the present invention and in no way restrict the general principle of the invention as recited in the independent claims.

• 1: Eine schematische Übersicht über eine erste Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung mit elektrischen und thermischen Energieknoten.
• 2A: Eine schematische Übersicht des elektrischen Teils einer weiteren Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung.
• 2B: Eine schematische Übersicht des thermischen Teils der Ausführungsform aus 2A.
• 3: Eine perspektivische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Regeleinheit mit Gehäuse und integriertem Batteriespeicher.
• 4: Einen beispielhaften zeitlichen Verlauf des Ladestands einer Speicherbatterie zur Speicherung von durch eine Photovoltaikanlage erzeugter elektrischer Energie bei Einsatz einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Energiefluss-Steuerungsverfahrens

Show it:

• 1 : A schematic overview of a first embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention with electrical and thermal energy nodes.
• 2A : A schematic overview of the electrical part of a further embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention.
• 2 B : A schematic overview of the thermal part of the embodiment from FIG 2A .
• 3 : A perspective view of a control unit according to the invention with housing and integrated battery storage.
• 4th : An exemplary time profile of the charge level of a storage battery for storing electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic system when using an embodiment of the energy flow control method according to the invention

1 shows a schematic overview of a first embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, which comprises both electrical and thermal energy nodes in the form of sources, stores and consumers.
The nodes of the building's energy infrastructure G are sorted by type of energy (electrical or thermal) and function (source / generator, storage, consumer) around the central control unit 10 arranged. The control unit 10 includes data processing means on which the control software 11 is executed, which in turn is the control algorithm 12 and the database 13 includes. The control unit 10 also has various data interfaces for connecting the power or condition recording means and the actuators required for control / regulation in the form of circulating pumps, power distributors, rectifiers or inverters, remote-controlled consumers and temperature regulators.

The connections between the energy nodes in this embodiment and with the control unit 10 is indicated by different types of directed lines, the direction of the arrows corresponding to the direction of transmission and dotted lines, on the other hand, symbolizing energy transmission. Only the schematic energy flows are shown, but not complete electricity / heat cycles.

The energy sources or producers can be found on the left EQ . Here is a photovoltaic system as an electrical source / generator PV , a wind turbine WT , a power connection N and the electric generator KQel a combination source KQ , such as a block-type thermal power station or a fuel cell heating system. As heat sources, the thermal part of the combination source KQth , a peak load burner SLB , a solar thermal system ST , a water-bearing wood stove HO and a heat pump WP available, the latter being sorted to the power consumers on the right for reasons of clarity. The energy stores are shown in the middle column. Above the control unit 10 are an (external) rechargeable battery as power storage B1 and a hydrogen storage H2 and below the control unit the heat storage in the form of a hot water storage tank WWS and a latent heat store Lumbar spine available. An integrated rechargeable battery is located within the control unit as an additional power storage device B0 indicated.

On the right side of the figure are the (pure) consumers. Above as an electrical / electricity consumer, an electric stove EV1 , a washing machine EV2 and lighting EV3 , below the heat consumer building heating WV1 , Water heating WV2 and a swimming pool SB .
Radiant heating is another electrical consumer SH shown, two heating elements HS1 and HS2 and the already mentioned heat pump WP available. These are all examples of conversion nodes that convert the energy form demanded in the building, here electrical, into another, here thermal, and thus create a coupling between the electrical and thermal sub-networks of the energy infrastructure.

An electric vehicle is schematically positioned between the purely electrical consumers and the power storage EF shown, which at a charging station supplied with AC voltage by the control unit LS is loaded. The vehicle EF can as pure consumption or, provided the charging station LS also supports a reversal of the direction of electricity, operated as electricity storage. For this purpose, the control unit either receives information on the state of charge of the vehicle battery directly from the vehicle EF or derives this from known vehicle parameters and the consumption data of the charging station LS from.

The direct current generated by the photovoltaic system is used by the control unit 10 depending on the measured current demand either via the inverter DCAC fed into the house network and thus made accessible to the (electricity) consumers connected there, or it is via the current transformer DCDC the control unit 10 fed to which the energy is then used to charge the internal battery B0 , the external battery B1 or to operate the electrolyzer Tbsp of the hydrogen storage system H2 can use.

In order to maximize its own energy consumption, the control unit in this embodiment of the invention can also use at least some of the electrical consumers, here using the example of the washing machine EV2 shown to switch on and off remotely.

The one from the wind turbine WT The alternating current generated is either via the transformer ACAC on the house mains voltage ( 240V single-phase alternating current or 380 V three-phase three-phase current) is transformed and consumed, or, if or insofar as the control unit 10 does not determine any current need, in whole or in part via the rectifier ACDC the control unit 10 fed, which then to the Charging the electrical storage B0 , B1 and or H2 used or as excess via one of the conversion nodes SH , WP , HS1 or HS2 converts into heat. The heat generated would either be consumed directly, including increasing the building heat, or in the heat storage system WWS or Lumbar spine saved. The control unit can be remotely controlled by temperature controllers RTR also the target temperature of the radiators HK influence and thereby use the building itself as a heat store.

The control unit 10 also has an alternating current output, via which it can feed inverted electrical energy taken from the connected electricity storage system into the house network.

Only if this is not possible either, since all thermal storage possibilities have been fully exhausted, the control unit throttles the power generated by braking the wind turbine or (partially) switching off the photovoltaic system.

From the mains connection N the control unit according to the invention relates to the electronic switching unit SE three-phase alternating current to cover a deficit between locally generated and consumed electrical energy, or feed excess electricity into the public grid N one. Furthermore, the switching unit SE determine the currently transmitted active power and the control unit 10 Report. The switching unit thus serves both as one of the measuring devices and as one of the actuators of the arrangement according to the invention. The power and consumption recording means for recording the currently generated and consumed electrical power, which are also part of the arrangement according to the invention, are not shown.

On the thermal side of the energy infrastructure, both the combination generator KQth as well as the gas burner SLB the required gas from a public gas connection C. . However, part of the gas requirement could also come from the regeneratively generated hydrogen in the storage facility H2 be drawn off. However, since this is very inefficient it would be to use the heat pump WP preferable. The combination source KQ generates not only electrical but also thermal energy, which initially goes to the hot water tank WWS is forwarded. Depending on the current heat demand, the control unit 10 a circulation pump ZP be switched on, which operates a heat cycle, the heat from the hot water tank for longer-term storage in the latent heat storage Lumbar spine transferred or, depending on the relative temperature, vice versa, for example by additional firing by the gas burner SLB to avoid. In order to make this practicable, the phase transition temperature of the storage medium in the latent heat storage device is selected according to a customary temperature of the hot water storage device, in particular between 35 and 75 degrees Celsius, preferably between 45 and 60 degrees Celsius.

The through the heat pump WP The heat produced goes to the hot water tank WWS fed where they are used for hot water production WV2 or the provision of heat for heating the building WV1 serves. The same applies to the first heating element HS1 . The second heating rod HS2 is, however, in the heating circuit of the swimming pool P arranged, which is thereby directly heated with electricity.

In 2A a schematic overview of the electrical energy components and flows of a second embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention provided for two spatially adjacent buildings is shown.
The various electrical energy nodes are as in 1 around the central control unit 10 arranged shown, which as indicated the control software 11 and the internal storage battery B0 includes. Arranged around the control unit, a block-type thermal power station is shown as a power node, going clockwise from the left CHP , a peak load burner SLB , a photovoltaic system PV , a solar thermal system ST , a swimming pool SB , three external rechargeable batteries connected in parallel B1 , the buildings G1 , G2 , which represent all electrical consumers present in it, as well as, in the figure at the bottom right, two electrical heating elements HS1 , HS2 and the circulation pump ZP1 whose function in the context of the thermal system will be explained below.
In the bottom left of the figure, the system has an electronic switching unit SE to the public power grid N connected.

A heat meter is used as a power and consumption recording device WZ for measuring the amount of heat produced by the combined heat and power unit CHP , the peak load burner SLB , the solar thermal system ST and the heat consumption of the swimming pool SB , as well as an EZ electricity meter and via Modbus data bus to the control unit 10 connected. The temperature sensors are used as condition detection means T1 - 4 available, of which T3 and T4 are connected to analog signal inputs of the control unit, whereas T1 the block-type thermal power station and T2 are assigned to the peak load burner. In addition, the control unit receives 10 the storage status information of the rechargeable batteries is transmitted by their respective battery management systems.

The electronic switching unit SE which are connected to the control unit via the LAN interface 10 is connected, assumes a double function as Measuring device and actuator. Further actuators of the electrical part of the system shown here are the heating rods that can be controlled by the control unit HS1 and HS2 , the circulation pump ZP1 , the block-type thermal power station and the peak load burner SLB , both of which parameters such as heating curve or target temperature by the control unit 10 can be changed, and the rechargeable batteries B0 (internal) and B1 (external).

The house network is via the AC connection AC with the control unit 10 connected, whereas the external batteries B1 , which all deliver an output voltage of 48V direct current and have a capacity of 12 kWh, in parallel to a direct current input DC are connected.

Over a WIRELESS INTERNET ACCESS The interface is the control unit wirelessly to a router MR connected to a building-internal data network and can in this way communicate with data processing devices in this data network. This enables, for example, remote maintenance or a change in the configuration setting or an update of the control software or a change or expansion of the database of the control software in which the data objects representing the nodes are stored.

2 B shows a schematic overview of the thermal components and flows of the second embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention from 2A . In contrast to 1 Not only are the heat flows shown schematically here, but also the complete heat cycles with supply and return flows.

Some nodes, measuring devices and actuators that play a role in both the electrical and thermal systems can be found in both 2A and 2 B again. This applies not only to the control unit 10 also the block-type thermal power station CHP , the peak load burner SLB , the solar thermal system ST , the pool SB , the heat and electricity meters, the temperature sensors T1 - T4 who have favourited heating rods HS1 , HS2 as well as the circulation pump.
Only the rechargeable batteries and the photovoltaic system are not relevant for thermal management. In the present figure, however, two hot water tanks have been added WWS1 and WWS2 , a solar thermal control PS and, in the thermal circuit of the swimming pool SB , the heat exchanger WT and the filter pump FP .

The hot water storage tank has an important function in the present embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, which is intended for two buildings WWS1 and WWS2 each one of the two buildings G1 and G2 assigned. Each of the hot water tanks has one of the heating elements HS1 and HS2 , by means of which locally generated electricity from the photovoltaic system or the combined heat and power plant can be used to increase the storage temperature in the event of increased heat demand or if no other internal use is possible.
However, the thermal base load is provided by the combined heat and power unit CHP provided and as shown on the two hot water tanks WWS1 and WWS2 passed on. If required and if there is insufficient local electricity to operate the heating elements, the peak load burner switches itself on SLB to. As shown, this is connected to the same water cycle as the block-type thermal power station CHP coupled. In this cycle, the heat is first sent to the second store WWS2 and only second to the first memory WWS1 delivered.

The one from the solar thermal system ST In this embodiment, however, supplied heat initially flows into the first hot water storage tank WWS1 , a temperature equalization takes place by means of the circulation pump ZP1 Recirculated heat cycle, which partly uses the same flow and return lines as the heat cycle of the combined heat and power unit and the peak load burner. The circulation pump ZP1 is controlled by the control unit 10 switched on as required, if the solar thermal system ST downstream heat meters WZ a high output heat output registered and / or the temperature sensor connected to the control unit T3 and T4 a temperature difference between the storage tanks WWS1 and WWS2 register which is above an adjustable threshold.

The control of the combined heat and power unit CHP and peak load burners SLB and solar thermal system ST can, as is known in the prior art, automatically, i.e. without direct intervention by the control unit 10 respectively. The control unit 10 can intervene indirectly and regulate these heat generator nodes by changing the heating curve, the target temperature, the operating mode or other parameters of the combined heat and power plant and / or peak load burner.

The (warm) water cycle of the swimming pool is created by the filter pump FP circulated and is by means of the heat exchanger WT thermally to that of the pump P2 operated heating circuit of the hot water storage tank WWS1 and WWS2 coupled.

In 3 is a perspective view of a control unit according to the invention with a housing.
You can see the housing 15th the control unit 10 , on its front panel 16 ergonomically favorable in the upper area an LCD display 17a , a temperature display 17b and input keys 17c are arranged. Current status data of the energy consumption control can be read out here or the configuration settings of the control software can be changed. The cuboid design with an approximately square base area of 600 x 600 mm and a height of 1600 mm allows space-saving integration into existing technical rooms.

4th illustrates by way of example the time profile of the charge level of a storage battery for storing electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic system when using an embodiment of the energy flow control method according to the invention.
The state of charge (SoC) of the battery is shown on the ordinate as a percentage of the maximum possible charge, and the time is shown on the abscissa. In the first period, the night time between the third time T3 , here 8 p.m. and the first time T1 , here 8 o'clock in the morning, there is a pure, here assumed linear, discharge down to a lower discharge threshold, here as an example 5% of the maximum charge (nightly discharge 4th ), as the photovoltaic system does not deliver any power during this time. During the second period between T1 and the second time T2 , assumed here at 6 p.m., the photovoltaic current in this embodiment of the method according to the invention is initially only used to charge the battery storage until it reaches the lower charging threshold for the first time, here 80% of the maximum charge as an example (first full charge 1 ). An alternating discharge then follows until the end of the second period 2 up to an upper discharge threshold, here assumed at an exemplary 70%, and subsequent recharging up to the lower charging threshold. Between 18th and 20th O'clock, so between T2 and T3 this process, which leads to a sawtooth-like curve of the state of charge, is ended and the photovoltaic current is used exclusively for charging up to an upper charging threshold, here at 85% of the maximum charge, for example (last full charge 3 ). Through the sawtooth-like loading-unloading 2 During the second period, more power-intensive consumers can be operated purely regeneratively without having to expose the storage battery to a full charge / discharge cycle.

List of reference symbols

10

Energy consumption control unit

11

Control software

12

Control algorithm

13

Database

15th

casing

16

Front panel

17a

LCD display

17b

Temperature display

17c

Input keys

el

electrical power

th

thermal energy

ch

chemical energy

EQ

Energy source / generator

IT

Energy storage

EV

Energy consumers

SV

Electricity consumers

SZ

Electricity meter

WQ

Heat source

WS

Heat storage

WV

Heat consumer

WZ, WMZ

Heat meter

KQ

Combination generator el / th

KQel

electrical part d. KQ

KQth

thermal part d. KQ

CHP

Block-type thermal power station

PV

Photovoltaics

WT

Wind turbine

B0, B1

rechargeable battery

H2

Hydrogen storage

Tbsp

Electrolyzer

BZ

Fuel cell

EF

Electric vehicle

LS

Charging station

WP

Heat pump

HS

Heating rod

SH

Radiant heating

SLB

Peak load burner

WWS

Hot water tank

Lumbar spine

Latent heat storage

SE

electronic switching unit

AC

AC connection

DC

DC connection

P

pump

ZP

Circulation pump

FP

Filter pump

V _L

leader

R _L

Rewind

L1, L2

power line

PS

Solar thermal control

G

building

N

public power grid

C.

public gas network

1

first full charge

2

alternating discharge-charge

3

last full charge

4th

night discharge

T1, T2, T3

first, second and third time

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 102014001535 A1 [0014]
• DE 202011005048 U1 [0015]
• EP 2830184 B1 [0016]
• DE 102010017264 A1 [0017]

Claims (16)

Arrangement for regulating the energy flows between energy nodes that are assigned to a building or several neighboring buildings and are available in the form of energy sources (EQ), energy consumers (EV) and energy stores (ES), with each energy node at least one type of energy (el, th, ch) is assigned, comprising - a control unit (10) with data processing means and, in particular Linux-based, control software (11) executed thereon, - power recording means (SE, SZ, WZ) for recording a current from the energy source (s) (EQ) Type of energy generated power, - Consumption recording means (SZ, WZ) for recording a currently consumed power of all consumers (EV) of an energy type, - Storage state determination means (T3, T4) for determining a fill level of the energy storage (ES) of an energy type, - Actuators (SE, A1, A2), by means of which the control unit (10) via the control software (11) based on the currently generated and consumed Lei stung and the stored energy according to a predetermined strategy, the energy flows of each type of energy o from one or more of the energy sources (EQ) to one or more of the energy stores (ES) and / or one or more of the energy consumers (EV), and / or o from one or more of the energy stores (ES) to one or more of the energy consumers (EV), - at least one energy source of two different types of energy (el, th, ch) being present, characterized in that - at least one regenerative energy source (PV, ST , WT, HO) and at least one of the energy nodes (CHP, KQ, HS, WP, SH, H2) is assigned two types of energy and the control unit (10) is prepared by means of the control software (11) for a conversion to optimize its own energy consumption one type of energy (el) into another (ch, th), and / or - at least one regenerative energy source (PV, WT, ST, HO) of two different E types of energy (el, th, ch) are present. Arrangement according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the control software (11) comprises a control algorithm (12) and a database (13), each energy node being represented by a data object stored in the database, which as object data includes at least - the energy type / s (el, th , ch) of the energy node, and - the function / s of the energy node as a source, consumer or memory, - data points corresponding to the measuring devices (EZ, WZ) and / or actuators (SE, A1, A2) assigned to the energy node, and - one of the Function / s of the control algorithm depicting the energy node, which preferably includes the performance data such as maximum output / input power, storage capacity. Arrangement according to Claim 2 , characterized in that in the database (13) - all data points, i.e. measuring devices (EZ, WZ) and / or actuators (SE, A1, A2), are combined in groups according to their assignment to one or more energy nodes, - each data point depending on a bus system via which the data point is in data connection with the control unit (10), the data objects are in the form of tables that are stored separately and are thus directly accessible and editable. Arrangement according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the control unit (10) is prepared to control the energy flows between the energy nodes, in addition to the object data of the data objects assigned to the energy nodes, also depending on the operating modes stored in the control software (11). Arrangement according to one of the Claims 1 - 4th , characterized in that there are thermal energy nodes which include - at least one heat source (WQ) in the form of the thermal part (KQth) of a combination generator (KQ), such as a block-type thermal power station (BHKW) or a fuel cell heater, a peak load burner (SLB), a water-bearing wood stove (HO), a solar thermal system (ST) and / or a heat pump (WP), - at least one heat consumer (WV) in the form of a heater (WV1), a hot water installation (WV2) and / or a swimming pool (SB). Arrangement according to Claim 5 , characterized in that a store for thermal energy (WWS, WWS1, WWS2, LWS) is available. Arrangement according to one of the Claims 1 - 6th , characterized in that electrical energy nodes are present, which include - at least one power source in the form of the electrical part (KQth) of a combination generator (KQ), such as a block-type thermal power station (BHKW) or a fuel cell heating system, a photovoltaic system (PV) a wind turbine (WT ), a water turbine and / or a mains connection (N), and - at least one electricity consumer (SV) in the form of a heating element (HS), a heat pump (WP), a household appliance (SV1, SV2) and / or lighting (SV3) . Arrangement according to Claim 7 , characterized in that a store for electrical energy (B0, B1, H2) is available. Arrangement according to one of the Claims 1 - 8th , characterized in that the control unit (10) is accommodated in a housing (15) and - digital data interfaces for measurement and control data, - analog data interfaces for measurement data, - input interfaces (DCin, ACin) for direct or alternating current, - output interfaces ( DCout, ACout) for direct or alternating current - combined input and output interfaces (ACio, DCio, ADCio) for direct and / or alternating current, - a rectifier (AC / DC) and / or an inverter (DC / AC), - Fuses for all power interfaces, and / or - an internal storage for electrical energy (B0) includes. Method for regulating the energy flows between a building or several neighboring buildings assigned energy nodes in the form of energy sources (EQ), energy consumers (EV) and energy stores (ES) of at least two types of energy (el, th, ch), with a central control unit (10) and Power recording means (EZ, WZ), consumption recording means and storage state determining means are present, and through the control unit with the help of actuators (A1, A2, SE) the energy flows of each energy type o from one or more of the energy sources (EQ) to one or more of the energy stores (ES ) and / or one or more of the energy consumers (EV), and / or o from one or more of the energy stores (ES) to one or more of the energy consumers (EV) are regulated in such a way that a target variable is optimized, characterized in that - at least one regenerative energy source (PV, ST, WT, HO) available and at least one of the energy nodes (CHP, HS, WP, H2) two i energy types is assigned and the control unit (10) is prepared by means of the control software (11) to convert one type of energy (el) into another (ch, th) in order to optimize its own energy consumption, and / or - at least one regenerative energy source in each case (PV, WT, ST, HO) of two different types of energy (el, th, ch) is available. Procedure according to Claim 10 , characterized in that the target variable - the net energy costs are minimized, or - the degree of self-consumption of one or more existing regenerative energy sources, in particular a solar thermal system (ST) or photovoltaic system (PV), a water-bearing wood stove (HO) and / or a wind or water turbine (WT), is maximized. Method according to one of the Claims 10 or 11 , characterized in that at least one regenerative heat source, in particular a solar thermal system (ST), at least one heat storage (WWS, WWS1, WWS2, LWS) and as a heat consumer at least one building heating system (WV1) and hot water generation (WV2) are available and the regulation of the thermal energy flows depending on at least the four operating modes "present", "absent", "vacation" and "just back", whereby in the operating mode "present" - the heat output currently provided by the regenerative heat source (ST, HO, PV + HP) - a current heat demand is determined as the sum of the demand for all heat consumers (WV1, WV2, SB), - if the measured regenerative heat output is greater than or equal to the heat demand: o a heating circuit circulation pump (HUB) of the building heating system (HZ) is switched on, and / or o the building is used as a heat store by raising the temperature of the radiators of the building's heating system that can be remotely controlled temperature controllers, in particular in steps of 1 K up to a maximum increase of + 3K above a value set manually on the room temperature controller, and / or o non-regenerative heat sources (KQth, BHKW, SLB) are blocked - provided that the measured regenerative heat output is lower when the heat demand is: - the output power of non-regenerative heat sources (KQth, BHKW, SLB) is limited to the difference between heat demand and regenerative heat output, and in the "absent" operating mode - a target temperature for non-regenerative heat sources (BHKWth, SLB ) is reduced, - the hot water generation and / or hot water circulation are fed exclusively by the regenerative heat sources, and in the "Vacation" operating mode - the target temperature for non-regenerative heat sources (BHKWth, SLB) is lowered to a frost protection level so that only a heat output sufficient to prevent icing is generated non-regeneratively and - the hot water generation and / or hot water circulation are fed exclusively by the regenerative heat sources, and in the "straight back" operating mode - a normal heating and hot water situation is restored as quickly as possible with the aid of non-regenerative heat sources. Method according to one of the Claims 10 - 12 , characterized in that at least one source for electrical energy, in particular a combination generator (KQ) such as a combined heat and power unit (BHKW) or a fuel cell heating system, a photovoltaic system (PV), a water or wind turbine (WT) and at least one storage device for electrical energy ( B0, B1, H2) are available, and - a current total output of all generators (CHP, KQel; PV, WT) is determined, - a current consumption power is measured at a central consumption point of the building (s), - if the consumption power is greater the total power generated is: o the electrical output power of a controllable generator (CHP, KQel) is increased up to a maximum value, so that the current total output corresponds to a maximum total output that can be generated, o a difference between the current consumption output and the maximum total output that can be generated up to one the first power threshold value the storage unit / s for electrical energy and nu r any remaining power required is taken from the power grid - if the consumption power is less than the total power, the difference is fed into the power grid. Method according to one of the Claims 10 - 13 , characterized in that a photovoltaic system (PV) is available as a regenerative power source and at least one storage device for electrical energy (B0, B1, H2) and through the control unit (10) - a currently generated electrical power of the photovoltaic system (PV) and a current one State of charge of the battery (s) (B0, B1) is determined, and - a current power consumption of the building (s) (G) is measured, - and at a first time of day between a first and a second time - the generated electrical power exclusively or is used for a consumption-dependent proportion to charge the electricity storage until a first upper threshold of the filling level is reached for the first time, and then until the second time the electricity storage is reached alternately o with a maximum of a predefinable output power to cover the current electricity consumption, until a first lower threshold is reached, and o then again with the full or a verb smoke-dependent portion of the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic system (PV) is charged until a second upper threshold, which is less than or equal to the first upper threshold, is reached, - at a second time of day between the second and a third time the generated electrical power the photovoltaic system is used exclusively or to a consumption-dependent proportion for charging the electricity storage until the first upper charging threshold is reached, and - at night between the third and the first time at which the photovoltaic system is not generating any electrical power, the electricity storage as long as Participate at most the predefinable output power to cover the electricity demand until a second lower threshold of the level is reached. Procedure according to Claim 14 , characterized in that the first, second and third time are adapted to the season by the control unit depending on the latitude and longitude of a location of the building (G). Method according to one of the Claims 14 or 15th , characterized in that the proportion used for charging the electrical energy store (B0, B2, H2) is selected to be higher, the higher a consumption to be expected at a point in time when the second upper charging threshold is next reached.

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