DE102014225181A1 - Method for operating a combined heat and power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to methods for operating a combined heat and power plant (10), wherein electrical energy is stored and / or provided by means of an electrical storage unit (12) and the storage and / or provision of electrical energy by at least one predeterminable limit value (GWmin, GWmax), in particular a minimum and / or maximum limit value (GWmin, GWmax). It is proposed that the at least one predefinable limit value (GWmin, GWmax) be adapted to a mode of operation of the cogeneration plant (10). Furthermore, the invention relates to a combined heat and power plant (10).

Description

The invention relates to a method for operating a combined heat and power plant, wherein electrical energy is stored and / or provided by means of an electrical storage unit and the storage and / or provision of electrical energy by at least one predeterminable limit value, in particular a minimum and / or maximum Limit value is limited. Furthermore, the invention relates to a combined heat and power plant.

State of the art

In GB 2508577 a power generation system connected to a power grid is shown. The power generation system includes a battery in which power can be stored while limiting the storage of power through limits.

Disclosure of the invention

The inventive method for operating a cogeneration plant has the advantage that the at least one predetermined limit is adapted to a mode of operation of the cogeneration plant. As a result, both the life of the electric storage unit and the efficiency of the combined heat and power plant is increased sustainably.

The features listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements of the fuel cell device according to the invention are possible. Thus, the operation of the combined heat and power plant corresponds to a seasonally appropriate operation, in particular a winter operation or a summer operation or a transitional operation, whereby generated electric energy can be effectively used depending on the season.

In an advantageous embodiment, a storage area delimited by the at least one predefinable limit value is adapted to the mode of operation of the cogeneration installation. Thus, the efficiency of the electrical storage unit can be increased sustainably depending on the season.

Preferably, a memory area delimited by the at least one predefinable limit value is adapted to winter operation or summer operation by offsetting the memory area delimited by the at least one predefinable limit value. In this way, an adaptation to a winter operation or a summer operation can be done very easily.

Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment, a memory area delimited by the at least one predefinable limit value is adapted to transitional operation in that the memory area delimited by the at least one predefinable limit value is extended. Thus, the storage capacity of the electric storage unit can be better utilized.

Advantageously, the at least one predeterminable limit value is set to at least one value corresponding to a winter operation or to at least one value corresponding to a summer mode, wherein preferably the at least one summer mode corresponding value is greater in magnitude than the at least one winter mode corresponding value. In this way, the storage and / or provision of energy in the electrical storage unit at different seasons can be made particularly efficient, in turn, the efficiency is increased.

• a) Anpassen des mindestens einen vorgebbaren Grenzwertes an einen Sommerbetrieb, insbesondere Festlegen des mindestens einen vorgebbaren Grenzwertes auf mindestens einen einem Sommerbetrieb entsprechenden minimalen und/oder maximalen Wert,
• b) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt, b1) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt a), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt b) nicht zutreffend ist, b2) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt c), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt b) zutreffend ist,
• c) Anpassen des mindestens einen vorgebbaren Grenzwertes an einen Winterbetrieb, insbesondere Festlegen des mindestens einen vorgebbaren Grenzwertes auf mindestens einen einem Winterbetrieb entsprechenden minimalen und/oder maximalen Wert,
• d) Ermitteln ob ein Sommerbetrieb erfolgt, d1) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt c), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt d) nicht zutreffend ist, d2) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt a), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt d) zutreffend.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the method according to the invention is carried out by the following method steps:

• a) adapting the at least one predefinable limit value to a summer operation, in particular setting the at least one predefinable limit value to at least one minimum and / or maximum value corresponding to a summer operation,
• b) determining whether a winter operation takes place, b1) proceeding with method step a), if the determined from method step b) is not applicable, b2) proceeding with method step c), if the ascertained from method step b) is correct,
• c) adapting the at least one predefinable limit value to a winter operation, in particular setting the at least one predefinable limit value to at least one minimum and / or maximum value corresponding to a winter operation,
• d) determining whether a summer operation takes place, d1) proceeding with method step c), if the determined from method step d) is not applicable, d2) proceeding with method step a), if the determined from method step d) applies.

Thus, an adaptation to a season corresponding operation can be done very effectively.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one predefinable limit value is adapted to the mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant, if the operation is continued for a longer time than a predetermined time, preferably 1 to 3 days, in particular 2 days, uninterrupted. So can it is ensured that the at least one predefinable limit value is only adapted to a mode of operation corresponding to a season, such as, for example, a winter operation or a summer operation, if this actually exists.

• e) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ob ein Winterbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt, und/oder dass anstelle des Verfahrensschritts d) ein Verfahrensschritt
• f) Ermitteln ob ein Sommerbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ein Sommerbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the inventive method is carried out so that instead of the process step b) a process step

• e) determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or whether a winter operation is continuous for a predetermined time continuously, and / or that instead of the method step d) a method step
• f) Determine whether a summer operation is taking place and / or a summer operation is taking place continuously for a predetermined time without interruption.

In this way, the inventive method can be extended particularly effective.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the at least one predefinable limit value is adapted to the mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant, if a predeterminable minimum threshold value of the electrical storage unit is exceeded or a predefinable maximum threshold value of the electrical storage unit is exceeded. In this way, it can be ensured that the at least one predefinable limit value is only adapted if storage and / or provision of electrical energy actually takes place.

• g) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ob ein Winterbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt und ob ein vorgegebener maximaler Schwellenwert der elektrischen Speichereinheit überschritten wurde, und/oder dass anstelle des Verfahrensschritts d) ein Verfahrensschritt
• h) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ob ein Winterbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt und ob ein vorgegebener minimaler Schwellenwert der elektrischen Speichereinheit unterschritten wurde.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the inventive method is carried out so that instead of the process step b) a process step

• g) determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or whether a winter operation is continuous for a predetermined time and whether a predetermined maximum threshold value of the electrical storage unit has been exceeded, and / or that instead of the method step d) a method step
• h) Determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or whether a winter operation for a longer time than a predetermined time takes place continuously and whether a predetermined minimum threshold value of the electrical storage unit was exceeded.

In this way, the inventive method can also be extended particularly effective.

In a further advantageous embodiment, in the event of a power failure, the storage of electrical energy is not limited by the at least one predeterminable limit value. As a result, the full capacity of the electrical storage unit can be used in the event of a power failure.

The invention also relates to a combined heat and power plant comprising at least one electric storage unit which is provided to store and / or provide electrical energy, preferably electrical energy generated by the cogeneration plant, at least one heating system provided therefor is to generate heat, at least one control unit, which is associated with the at least one electrical storage unit, and at least one control unit which is associated with the at least one heating system. The combined heat and power plant is characterized in that the at least one control unit, which is assigned to the at least one electrical storage unit, and the at least one control unit, which is assigned to the at least one heating system, are communicatively connected with each other. Thus, the storage and / or provision of electrical energy can be adapted particularly advantageously to the operation of the at least one heating system.

Advantageously, a combined heat and power plant, in particular the combined heat and power plant described in the preceding paragraph, operated by a method according to the invention.

drawings

In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown schematically and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it

1 a schematic representation of a combined heat and power plant according to the invention; and

2 a schematic representation of an electrical storage unit of a cogeneration plant; and

3 a flowchart of an embodiment of erfindungsbemäßen method for operating a cogeneration plant.

description

In 1 is a schematic representation of a combined heat and power plant according to the invention 10 shown. The combined heat and power plant 10 includes an electrical storage unit 12 which is intended to store and / or provide electrical energy, in the exemplary embodiment by means of the cogeneration plant, electrical energy, a heating system 14 which is intended to generate heat, a control unit 16 which of the at least one electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, and a control unit 18 which the at least one heating system 24 assigned.

According to the invention, the combined heat and power plant is characterized 10 characterized in that the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, and the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned to transmit a predetermined limit GW _min , GW _max communication technology are connected to each other. This makes it possible for the storage and / or provision of electrical energy by means of the electrical storage unit 12 to a mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 , In the illustrated embodiment of the operation of the heating system 14 , is adjusted.

Under storage and / or provision of electrical energy by means of the electrical storage unit 12 Can also be used as charging and / or discharging the electrical storage unit 12 be understood.

The combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 includes a micro combined heat and power plant 20 for generating electrical energy and heat. The micro combined heat and power plant 20 again comprises a fuel cell stack 22 , by means of which at least one fuel cell both heat and electrical energy is generated. The combined heat and power plant 10 can also be understood as a fuel cell system.

Furthermore, the heating system includes 14 a buffer memory 24 for storing and / or providing heating water and a hot water tank 26 for storing and / or providing service water. In addition, the heating system includes 14 a peak load boiler 28 , which is the micro-cogeneration plant 20 assisted in the generation of heat when there is a high heat demand. The in the heating system 14 generated heat becomes a heating circuit 30 made available.

The in the water tank 26 stored hot water or hot water is a user via a service water pipe 32 made available. About a cold water pipe 34 gets the heating system 14 supplied to be heated cold water for domestic water use.

The combined heat and power plant 10 is usually operated by heat. The generation of heat by the heating system 14 is using the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned, regulated. That's the heating system 14 with the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned via a data connection 36 connected.

The generation of electrical energy depends on the generation of heat. The generated electrical energy can, if not by a consumer 38 is used in a power grid 40 be fed.

By the power-heat coupling system shown in the embodiment 10 But now it also allows the generated electrical energy in the electrical storage unit 12 caching and at a later time for a consumer 38 provide, rather than the electrical energy generated in the power grid 40 feed. As a result, the electrical energy generated can be used economically meaningful.

The storage and / or provision of electrical energy by means of the electrical storage unit 12 is through the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, regulated. So is the electric storage unit 12 with the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned via a data connection 42 connected.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the electrical storage unit is 12 to a battery 44 with a battery management system 46 , Thus, the generated electric energy by means of the battery 44 stored and / or provided. However, it is also conceivable that the electrical storage unit has a plurality of batteries.

The battery management system 46 provides information or data on the state of charge SOC of the battery 44 and transmits them to the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 assigned. The state of charge can, for example, via a measurement of the battery 44 voltage or over the balance of the battery 44 flowing current can be determined.

In the embodiment shown, it is the battery 44 to a lithium-ion battery. But it is also conceivable that it is the battery 44 is a lead, nickel-cadmium, metal-hydride, sodium-sulfur or other battery.

In addition, the combined heat and power plant exhibits 10 an energy flow direction sensor 48 on. This is, based on an input of electrical energy into the power grid 40 , Electricity in front of a service connection box 49 arranged, with the house connection box 49 a Electricity interface between the combined heat and power plant 10 and the power grid 40 represents.

The energy flow direction sensor 48 measures the direction of energy flow between the combined heat and power plant 10 and the power grid 40 , In addition, the energy flow sensor 48 communication technology via a data connection 50 with the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is associated, connected.

Depending on the signal of the energy flow direction sensor 48 becomes electrical energy by means of the electric storage unit 12 saved or not. Will electrical energy used in the micro-cogeneration system 20 is generated in the power grid 40 fed, so will the performance of the battery 44 as long as their power capability and their SOC limit lowered until the energy flow direction sensor 48 again measures the value zero. Will electrical energy from the mains 40 related, the power of the battery 44 raised within their capacity and their SOC limit until the energy flow direction sensor 48 again measures the value zero. It will be under a positive power of the battery 44 a provision of electrical energy, ie a discharge understood, while a negative power storage of electrical energy, ie a charging process is understood. Instead of the value zero, another defined setpoint for the energy flow direction sensor can also be used 48 be set.

Furthermore, the electric storage unit 12 for storage and / or provision of electrical energy in terms of electricity with an inverter 52 connected. The positive and negative connection of the battery 44 are through two wires 54 . 56 with the inverter 52 connected.

The inverter 52 is in turn current-technical over further lines 58 . 59 . 60 with the micro-cogeneration system 20 and a potential consumer 38 connected. If now electrical energy by means of the battery 44 is to be stored, then an electrical energy to be stored can be converted from an alternating current to a direct current. But for a consumer 38 For example, in a building, electrical energy may be provided, the electrical energy to be supplied may be converted from a direct current to an alternating current. Accordingly, the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, communication technology via a data connection 62 with the inverter 52 connected.

As already mentioned, the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, according to the invention with the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned, communication technology connected. The connection between the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, and the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned, by means of a data connection 64 accomplished.

Instead of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max , it is also conceivable that information is transferred that the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is enabled to determine the predetermined limit values GW _min , GW _max . In particular, information about the season (summer, winter, spring, autumn) can be transmitted, which is the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 has been determined on the basis of an integrated calendar or an outside temperature. Furthermore, the outside temperature itself or the current date can be transmitted, so that the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 assigned to the electrical storage unit 12 can determine the season.

It is also conceivable that it is in the control units 16 . 18 is about control units.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the data connections 36 . 42 . 50 . 64 realized by a respective data bus. It is also conceivable that the data connections 36 . 42 . 50 . 64 be realized by at least one conventional signal lines, network connections, Internet connections, wireless connections (radio, WLAN, NFC, Bluetooth, etc.) or other connections that allow transmission of desired data. It is also conceivable that individual components, such as the control units 16 . 18 , are arranged on at least one circuit board and the data connections 36 . 42 . 50 . 64 , in particular the data connection 64 between the control units 16 . 18 on which at least one board run. It is also a highly integrated solution conceivable in which the control units 16 . 18 are merged together and possibly realized in a computer-like system as a software solution.

In 2 is a schematic representation of the electrical storage unit 12 the combined heat and power plant 10 shown. The combined heat and power plant 10 is operated so that electrical energy by means of the electric storage unit 12 stored and / or provided and the storage and / or provision of electrical energy by at least one predetermined limit, in the embodiment a minimum and maximum limit GW _min , GW _max , is limited.

According to the invention, the method is characterized in that the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max , ie the minimum and maximum predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max , are adapted to a mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant. This will both the life of the electrical storage unit 12 as well as the efficiency of the combined heat and power plant 10 sustained increase.

The operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 corresponds to an operation corresponding to a season, in the exemplary embodiment a winter operation or a summer operation or a transitional operation. A switch to a particular operation can either be done manually by a user of the cogeneration system 10 specifies that a certain operation is present, or automatically, when a measured outside temperature exceeds or falls below a predetermined temperature value, for example, 22 ° C.

If the outside temperature falls below the predetermined temperature value, then the cogeneration plant is 10 or the heating system 14 operated in a winter operation. If the outside temperature exceeds the preset temperature value, then the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 operated in a summer operation. However, if it is not possible to make a long-term distinction between winter and summer operation, for example in autumn or spring, when at night, due to lower temperatures, winter operation and during the day, due to higher temperatures, a summer operation, the Combined heat and power plant operated in a transitional operation.

When the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 is in a winter operation, then, among other things, both the hot water production and the generation of heat for the heating circuit 30 active. Is the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system in a summer operation, so among other things only the dhw is active.

Is the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 in a winter operation, a larger amount of heat is generated compared to a summer operation. Accordingly, a larger amount of electrical energy is then generated in a winter operation than in a summer operation.

The regulation of the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 on a winter operation, a summer operation or a transitional operation is by the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the regulation by the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned is made.

The control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned, transmits the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, by means of the data connection 64 Information about the operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 is operated. But it is also conceivable that information is transmitted, which contain a statement about whether the heating system 14 is in a heating mode or not. Furthermore, it is conceivable that information about a status of the process water treatment can be transmitted. It is also conceivable that information is transmitted, whether the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 is in a vacation mode.

In the embodiment shown, the transmission of information takes place by means of the data connection 64 then, when a change of the mode of operation takes place. For example, if the combined heat and power plant 10 or the heating system 14 is switched from a summer mode to a winter mode. However, it is also conceivable that an information transmission takes place at regular intervals, for example every hour.

The adaptation of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to the mode of operation of the cogeneration plant 10 or the heating system 14 done by the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 assigned.

The adaptation of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to a mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 is accomplished by a memory area bounded by the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max 70 to the mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 is adjusted, reducing the efficiency of the electrical storage unit 12 is sustainably increased depending on the season.

This is how the memory area becomes 70 adapted to a winter operation or summer operation by the memory area limited by the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max 70 in the exemplary embodiment, a memory area corresponding to a summer mode 72 or a storage area corresponding to a winter operation 74 , is offset. Thereby An adaptation to a summer operation or a winter operation can be done particularly easily.

However, if it can not be clearly distinguished at a season, whether a summer operation or a winter operation is present, then the limited by the predetermined limits GW _min , GW _max memory area 70 adapted to a transition operation, in the exemplary embodiment of a transition operation corresponding memory area 76 in that the memory area limited by the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max 70 is extended. Due to the expansion, the storage capacity of the electrical storage unit 12 be used more effectively for a transitional operation.

In the embodiment, as already mentioned, the adaptation to a transitional operation is then made when at night, due to lower temperatures, a winter operation and during the day, due to higher temperatures, a summer operation would be present. This can be the case, for example, in autumn or spring.

The control unit 16 , which is associated with the electrical storage unit, evaluates the information that they have on the operation of the cogeneration system 10 or the heating system 14 receives, and adapts the specifiable limits GW _min , GW _max to the operation of the cogeneration plant 10 or the heating system 14 at.

The adaptation of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to a mode of operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 According to the invention, at least one of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to at least one value corresponding to winter operation, in the exemplary embodiment to one of two values corresponding to a winter operation SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, W} , or at least one summer operation corresponding value, in the exemplary embodiment to one of two summer operation corresponding values SOC _{, S} , SOC _{max, S} , is set, wherein the summer operation corresponding values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{max, S in} terms of magnitude are greater than the winter operation corresponding values SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, W.} Therefore, SOC _{min, W} ≦ SOC _{min, S} and SOC _{max, W} ≦ SOC _{max, S.}

Under a predefinable limit GW _min , GW _max is therefore one of the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} to understand which of the combined heat and power plant can be specified or specified. These are specified by a maintenance technician or a user. For example, the specifiable values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} via a control panel of the cogeneration plant 10 or the heating system 14 , which is not depicted, can be specified. However, it is also conceivable that the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} during manufacture or during the installation of the cogeneration plant 10 be specified. However, it is also conceivable that the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W are} automatically given due to changing average outside temperatures. A specification of the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} can, for example, by one of the control units 16 . 18 within the combined heat and power plant 10 and / or by means of an internet connection, by means of a telephone connection or by means of a computer. The predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max and the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} can also be understood accordingly as parameters.

The values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} are, after the cogeneration plant 10 be specified, in the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned stored. But it is also conceivable that they are in another control unit of the combined heat and power plant 10 , for example in the control unit 18 , which is assigned to the heating system, are stored. Likewise, it is also conceivable that they are stored in a separate memory unit and / or via an Internet connection and / or a telephone connection to a control unit of the combined heat and power plant 10 be transmitted.

As already indicated, the values SOC _{, S} , SOC _{, W} , SOC _{, S} , SOC _{, W} are two minimum values SOC _{, S} , SOC _{, W} and two maximum values, SOC _{, S} , SOC _{max, W} , These each correspond to a summer operation or a winter operation, which is indicated here by the corresponding indices.

By way of illustration is in 2 a vertical axis for schematically scaling the state of charge SOC of the electrical storage unit 12 shown.

The limit values GW _min , GW _max and the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} are percentage values, based on the maximum storage capacity of the electrical storage unit 12 ,

The maximum limit value GW _max or the maximum values SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} are usually between 70% and 100% of the maximum storage capacity of the electrical storage unit 12 , In the exemplary embodiment shown, the maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode lies at 100% and the maximum value corresponding to a winter operation SOC _{max, W} at 80%.

The minimum limit value GW _min or the minimum values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} are usually between 0% and 30% of the maximum storage capacity of the electrical storage unit 12 , In the exemplary embodiment shown, the minimum value SOC _{min, S} corresponding to a summer mode is 30% and the minimum value SOC _{min, W} corresponding to winter mode is 10%.

The maximum limit value GW _max or the maximum values SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} respectively correspond to a state of charge SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W of} the electrical storage unit 12 above which no storage of electrical energy is allowed. Is at a corresponding state of charge SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W is} the generation of electrical energy 12 through the combined heat and power plant 10 greater than the consumption of electrical energy by the consumer 38 So the excess electrical energy gets into the power grid 40 fed.

The minimum limit value GW _min and the minimum values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W} respectively correspond to a state of charge SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W of} the electrical storage unit 12 below which no provision of electrical energy is allowed. Is at a corresponding state of charge SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{min, W is} the generation of electrical energy 12 through the combined heat and power plant 10 less than the consumption of electrical energy by the consumer 38 So the needed electrical energy is taken from the power grid 40 based.

A displacement of the memory area 70 will be used according to the 2 The exemplary embodiment shown achieves that the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are} set or changed from the values SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, W} corresponding to a winter mode to the values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode or vice versa. As a result, the memory area corresponding to a summer operation is 72 to the storage area corresponding to a winter operation 74 added. In this way, an adaptation to a summer or winter operation can be done very easily.

An extension of the memory area 70 will be used according to the 1 shown embodiment accomplished in that the predetermined limits GW _min , GW _{max are set} to the values SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, S} , which are largely far apart in terms of amount. This means that the minimum predefinable limit value GW _{min is set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, W} corresponding to winter operation and the maximum predefinable limit value GW _max to the maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode. As a result, a memory area corresponding to a transient mode 76 opposite the storage area corresponding to a summer operation 72 and the storage area corresponding to a winter operation 74 extended. Alternatively, however, it is also conceivable that for a transient operation the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max are adjusted stepwise and / or continuously by setting the minimum limit value GW _min to values which amount between the minimum value SOC _min corresponding to a winter operation _{, W} and the minimum value SOC _{min, S} corresponding to a summer mode, and / or the maximum limit value GW _{max is set} to values which amount between the maximum value SOC _{max, W} corresponding to a winter mode and the maximum value SOC _max corresponding to a summer _{mode, S} are lying.

• a) Anpassen der vorgebbaren Grenzwerte GW_min, GW_max an einen Sommerbetrieb bzw. Festlegen der vorgebbaren Grenzwerte GW_min, GW_max auf den einem Sommerbetrieb entsprechenden minimalen Wert SOC_min,S und maximalen Wert SOC_max,S,
• b) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt, b1) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt a), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt b) nicht zutreffend ist, b2) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt c), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt b) zutreffend ist,
• c) Anpassen der vorgebbaren Grenzwerte GW_min, GW_max an einen Winterbetrieb bzw. Festlegen der vorgebbaren Grenzwerte GW_min, GW_max auf den einem Winterbetrieb entsprechenden minimalen Wert SOC_min,W und maximalen Wert SOC_max,W,
• d) Ermitteln ob ein Sommerbetrieb erfolgt, d1) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt c), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt d) nicht zutreffend ist, d2) Fortfahren mit Verfahrensschritt a), wenn das Ermittelte aus Verfahrensschritt d) zutreffend ist.

In 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of erfindungsbemäßen method for operating a cogeneration plant 10 shown in detail. The process according to the invention takes place with the following process steps:

• a) adaptation of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to a summer operation or determination of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to summer operation
• b) determining whether a winter operation takes place, b1) proceeding with method step a), if the determined from method step b) is not applicable, b2) proceeding with method step c), if the ascertained from method step b) is correct,
• c) adaptation of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to a winter operation or definition of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to the minimum value SOC _{min, W} corresponding to winter operation and maximum value SOC _{max, W} ,
• d) determining whether a summer operation takes place, d1) proceeding with method step c), if the determined from method step d) is not applicable, d2) proceeding with method step a), if the determined from method step d) is correct.

Thus, an adaptation to a mode of operation corresponding to a season can be carried out particularly effectively, since there is always a query of the mode of operation.

Setting the minimum predefinable limit value GW _min to a value SOC _{min, S} corresponding to a summer mode or a value SOC _{min, W} corresponding to a winter mode takes place in a method sequence according to FIG 3 , The Setting the maximum predefinable limit value GW _max to a summer operation corresponding value SOC _{max, S} or a winter operation corresponding value SOC _{max, W} takes place in a procedure according to 3 , Thus, the minimum predefinable limit value GW _min and the maximum predefinable limit value GW _{max are defined} in two separate, ie independent, procedures. This allows a transitional operation to be established.

According to method step a), the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode. However, it is also conceivable that only one of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max is set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} or maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer operation. The specification of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max on the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode takes place in two separate, ie independent, process sequences according to a method sequence 3 ,

Likewise, according to method step d), the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, W} and maximum value SOC _{max, W} corresponding to winter operation. However, it is also conceivable that only one of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max is set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, W} or maximum value SOC _{max, W} corresponding to a winter operation. The determination of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max on the minimum value SOC _{min, W} and maximum value SOC _{max, W} corresponding to a winter operation takes place, as already for the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to summer operation in accordance with method step a), in two separate, ie independent, process sequences according to a method sequence 3 ,

The specification of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max on the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode takes place in parallel. Thus, the setting of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max on the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode takes place in two separate process sequences according to a method sequence 3 , In the exemplary embodiment shown, the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode at the same time. However, it is also conceivable that the setting of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max takes place with a time offset to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to summer operation.

Likewise, the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, W} and maximum value SOC _{max, W} corresponding to a winter operation in parallel. Thus, also the setting of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max on the minimum value SOC _{min, W} and maximum value SOC _{max, W} corresponding to a winter operation takes place in two separate process sequences according to a method sequence 3 , In the exemplary embodiment shown, the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are set} to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to a summer mode at the same time. However, it is also conceivable that the setting of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max takes place with a time offset to the minimum value SOC _{min, S} and maximum value SOC _{max, S} corresponding to summer operation.

The inventive method is independent of whether the electrical storage unit 12 is connected to an AC mains or to a DC mains. Likewise, the inventive method for single and three-phase systems is applicable.

In a further embodiment which of 3 goes out, the predetermined limits GW _min , GW _max to the operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 adjusted if the operation longer than a predetermined time, preferably 1 to 3 days, in the exemplary embodiment 2 days, continuously. Thus it can be ensured that the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are} only adapted to a winter operation or a summer operation, if a corresponding operation is actually present. In the remaining time results in a transition operation, with the settings GW _max = SOC _{max, S} and GW _min = SOC _{min, W} , which as a memory area 76 schematically in 2 is shown.

• e) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ob ein Winterbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt, und/oder dass anstelle des Verfahrensschritts d) ein Verfahrensschritt
• f) Ermitteln ob ein Sommerbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ein Sommerbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt.

The inventive method is then such that starting from 2 instead of the process step b) a process step

• e) determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or whether a winter operation is continuous for a predetermined time continuously, and / or that instead of the method step d) a method step
• f) Determine whether a summer operation is taking place and / or a summer operation is taking place continuously for a predetermined time without interruption.

In this way, the inventive method can be extended particularly effective.

If it is not found over the given time, preferably 1 to 3 days, in the exemplary embodiment 2 days, that a summer or winter operation is uninterrupted, which may be the case in autumn or spring for example, predeterminable limit values GW _min , GW _max will apply adapted to transitional operation, such as memory area 76 in 2 shown. This can for example also by a procedure according to 3 respectively.

In a further embodiment which of 2 goes out, the predetermined limits GW _min , GW _max to the operation of the combined heat and power plant 10 adapted if a predeterminable minimum threshold value SW _{min of} the electrical storage unit is exceeded or a predefinable maximum threshold value SW _{max of} the electrical storage unit is exceeded. In this way, it can be ensured that the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are} only adapted when storage and / or provision of electrical energy has actually taken place.

• g) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ob ein Winterbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt und ob ein vorgegebener maximaler Schwellenwert SW_max der elektrischen Speichereinheit überschritten wurde, und/oder dass anstelle des Verfahrensschritts d) ein Verfahrensschritt
• h) Ermitteln ob ein Winterbetrieb erfolgt und/oder ob ein Winterbetrieb länger als eine vorgegebene Zeit ununterbrochen erfolgt und ob ein vorgegebener minimaler Schwellenwert SW_min der elektrischen Speichereinheit unterschritten wurde.

The inventive method is then such that starting from 2 instead of the process step b) a process step

• g) determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or whether a winter operation is continuous for a predetermined time and whether a predetermined maximum threshold SW _{max of} the electrical storage unit has been exceeded, and / or that instead of the method step d) a method step
• h) Determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or whether a winter operation for a longer time than a predetermined time takes place continuously and whether a predetermined minimum threshold value SW _{min of} the electrical storage unit has been undershot.

In this way, the inventive method can also be effectively extended.

The predeterminable minimum threshold value SW _min and the predefinable maximum threshold value SW _max are in 2 illustrated. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the predefinable maximum threshold value SW _{max is} slightly below the predefinable maximum limit value GW _max and the predefinable minimum threshold value SW _{min is} slightly above the predefinable minimum limit value GW _min . GW _max ≥ SW _max , SW _min ≥ GW _min , where SW _max ≥ SW _min .

Usually, the predeterminable minimum threshold SW _{min is} between 5% and 30% and the predefinable maximum threshold SW _{max is} between 60% and 100%. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the predefinable minimum threshold value SW _min is 25% and the predefinable maximum threshold value is 90%.

If the predefinable maximum threshold value SW _{max is} exceeded or the predefinable minimum threshold value SW _{min is} undershot, then it can be assumed that storage or provision of electrical energy by means of the electrical storage unit correspondingly takes place 12 actually done.

Furthermore, in the event of a power failure, the storage of electrical energy is not limited by the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max . As a result, the full capacity of the electrical storage unit can be used in the event of a power failure.

In an alternative embodiment, which proceeds from the figures, it is conceivable that in the case of a power failure, the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max are adapted to an emergency power operation. Thus, at least one of the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max can be set} to one of two predefinable values SOC _{max, emergency} , SOC _min, emergency, corresponding to emergency power operation. In this case, the predefinable values SOC _{max, emergency} , SOC _min, emergency corresponding to an emergency operation differ as far as possible in absolute terms, ideally SOC _{max, emergency} ≥ SOC _{max, S} and SOC _{min, emergency} ≤ SOC _{min, W.} Normally, the predefinable minimum value SOC _{min, Not} between 0% and 5% and the emergency operation corresponding predefinable maximum value SOC _{max, Not} between 95% and 100%, ideally, however, is an emergency operation corresponding predetermined minimum value SOC _{min , Emergency} at 2% and the maximum power SOC _{max, emergency} at 98%.

In a further alternative embodiment, which proceeds from the figures, it is conceivable that the predefinable maximum threshold value SW _{max is} equal to the predefinable maximum limit value GW _max or one of the predefinable values SOC _{max, S} , SOC _{max, W} and the minimum threshold value SW _{min is} equal to the predefinable minimum limit value GW _min or one of the predefinable values SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{max, W} , in which case an adaptation of the limit values GW _min , GW _max to the mode of operation of the cogeneration plant 10 then takes place when one of the predefinable thresholds SW _max , SW _{min is} reached.

In a further alternative embodiment, which starts from the figures, it is conceivable that the state of charge SOC of the electrical storage unit 12 to one for storage of the electric storage unit 12 Great Value SOC _{L is} set. This can be done, for example, when a user is absent. For example, information about the absence of a user may be sent to the control unit 16 , which is associated with the electrical storage unit, are transmitted, which then storing and / or providing electrical energy by means of the electrical storage unit 12 specifically influenced so that the state of charge SOC _{L is} reached. Corresponding information can be obtained via the data connection according to the invention 64 be transmitted. It may also be transmitted, for example, information on whether a holiday operation of the cogeneration plant 10 is present. The predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max can then be applied to the storage of the electrical storage unit 12 favorable value SOC _{L be} set. Usually, this is for storage of the electrical storage unit 12 favorable value between 10% and 40%, but ideally at 30%. The for storage of the electrical storage unit 12 favorable value may vary depending on the type of electrical storage unit 12 be adapted or can also be specified.

In a further alternative embodiment, which proceeds from the figures, it is conceivable that the data connection according to the invention 64 used to transfer operating data, such as a current state of charge, current power, number of cycles, aging state, etc., to transfer. The operating data can be sent to the control unit 18 which the heating system 14 is assigned to be transmitted. This can transmit the operating data at least to a display device or a network for display, for example on a computer, a tablet or a smartphone. Corresponding data can also be provided or stored for a fault diagnosis.

In a further alternative embodiment, it is conceivable that instead of the micro cogeneration system 20 or in addition to the micro-cogeneration unit 20 another system which generates electrical energy, for example a photovoltaic system and / or a Stirling system, is used. If a corresponding system is used, it can additionally be determined whether the expected amount of generated electrical energy for a next balance period, for example the next day or the next week, is above or below an expected consumption of electrical energy. If the expected amount of generated electrical energy is above the expected consumption, the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are} adjusted to values corresponding to winter operation SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, W} , otherwise the predefinable limit values on a summer operation are corresponding values SOC _{min , S} , SOC _{max, S} adjusted. As a result, the generated electrical energy can be efficiently used or stored and / or provided.

In a further alternative embodiment, which starts from the figures, the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max are} adapted to a winter operation, when a power value of the cogeneration plant is exceeded 10 or the heating system 14 over a predeterminable time can be assumed that a winter operation is present. Analogously, it is conceivable that the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _{max be} adapted to a summer operation, when falling below a power value of the cogeneration plant 10 or the heating system 14 can be assumed over a predeterminable time that there is a summer operation. It is likewise conceivable for the predefinable limit values GW _min , GW _max to be based on a prognosis of the heating requirement, a prognosis of the drinking water requirement, an analysis of the historical data of the heating output, and / or an analysis of the historical or current data of the state of charge of the electrical storage unit 12 be adapted to a summer operation or a winter operation. It is conceivable that the underlying algorithms are each in the control unit 16 , which is the electrical storage unit 12 is assigned, or in the control unit 18 , which is associated with the electrical heating system, are integrated.

For a determination of an expected amount of generated electrical energy, it is conceivable to use a yield forecast, preferably for a photovoltaic system, for example based on weather data, weather forecasts, predictions of solar irradiation or hours of sunshine and / or predictions of typical seasonal processes. It is also conceivable a yield forecast, preferably in CHP plants with Stirling technology, engine technology and / or fuel cell technology, based on an outside temperature, information about the behavior of buildings, such as a thermal inertia, and / or information about the presence of the residents, for example from vacation features or information from a smartphone application. Likewise, it is possible to make a prediction about a lot of electrical energy coming from the power grid 40 is to be based on information from a network operator or energy supplier, for example in the form of timetables or time-dependent prices to use, so that cheap electrical energy can be exploited or electrical energy can be added to the network support.

For a determination of an expected consumption of electrical energy, it is conceivable a consumption forecast, preferably for Heat pumps and / or electric storage or direct heating, based on an outdoor temperature, weather forecasts, information about the building behavior, such as a thermal inertia, information about the presence of the residents, such as holiday functions or information from a smartphone application, and / or to use typical seasonal processes. It is also conceivable to use a consumption forecast, preferably for household appliances and / or electric vehicles, on the basis of information of a user behavior, such as an annual and / or weekly rhythm of certain uses, empirical values and / or user input. Likewise, it is conceivable to make a prediction about an amount of electrical energy that is in the power grid 40 is to be fed on the basis of information from a network operator or energy supplier, for example in the form of timetables or time-dependent prices to use, so that cheap electrical energy can be exploited or electrical energy can be added to the network support.

In a further alternative embodiment, which starts from the figures, but is not illustrated, it is conceivable that the control units 16 . 18 are summarized in a control unit.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• GB 2508577 [0002]

Claims (14)

Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ), wherein electrical energy by means of an electrical storage unit ( 12 Is stored) and / or provided and the storage and / or provision of electrical energy by at least a predeterminable limit value (GW _min, GW _max), in particular a minimum and / or maximum limit value (GW _min, GW _max), is limited, characterized in that the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) corresponds to a mode of operation of the cogeneration plant ( 10 ) is adjusted. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the operation of the cogeneration plant ( 10 ) corresponds to a season corresponding operation, in particular a winter operation or a summer operation or a transitional operation. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a by the at least one predetermined limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) limited memory area ( 70 ) on the operation of the cogeneration plant ( 10 ) is adjusted. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a by the at least one predetermined limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) limited memory area ( 70 ) is adapted to a winter operation or summer operation by the memory area bounded by the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) ( 70 ). Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a by the at least one predetermined limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) limited memory area is adapted to a transition operation by the limited by the at least one predetermined limit memory area is extended. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to at least one winter operation corresponding value (SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, W} ) or at least one summer operation corresponding Value (SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{max, S} ) is determined, wherein preferably the at least one summer operation corresponding value (SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{max, S} ) is greater in magnitude than the at least one winter operation corresponding value (SOC _{min, W} , SOC _{max, W} ). Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6 with the following method steps: a) adapting the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to a summer operation, in particular setting the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to at least one summer operation corresponding minimum and / or maximum value (SOC.sub.min _{, S} , SOC.sub.max _{, S} ), b) determining whether a winter operation is taking place, b1) proceeding with method step a) if the result obtained from method step b) is not true, b2) proceeding with C) adjusting the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to a winter operation, in particular setting the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to at least one process step c) a minimum and / or maximum value corresponding to a winter operation (SOC _{min, S} , SOC _{max, S} ), d) determining whether a summer operation is taking place, d1) proceeding with Verf step c) if the determined from method step d) is not applicable, d2) proceeding with method step a), if the determined from method step d) is correct. Method for operating a cogeneration plant ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to the operation of the cogeneration plant ( 10 ) is adjusted if the mode of operation is longer than a predetermined time, preferably 1 to 3 days, in particular 2 days, continuously. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that instead of the process step b) a process step e) determining whether a winter operation is carried out and / or winter operation for more than a predetermined time continuously, and / or that instead of the process step d) a process step f) Determining whether a summer operation takes place and / or a summer operation for more than a predetermined time takes place uninterrupted takes place. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one predefinable limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) to the operation of the power-heat Coupling system ( 10 ) is adjusted if a specifiable minimum threshold (SW _min ) of the electrical storage unit ( 12 ) or a predefinable maximum threshold value (SW _max ) of the electrical storage unit ( 12 ) is exceeded. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to claim 7, characterized in that instead of the method step b) a method step g) determining whether a winter operation takes place and / or winter operation for a predetermined time continuously and whether a predetermined maximum threshold (SW _max ) of the electrical storage unit ( 12 ), and / or that, instead of process step d), a method step h) determines whether a winter operation takes place and / or winter operation continues uninterrupted for a predetermined time and if a predetermined minimum threshold value (SW _min ) of the electrical storage unit ( 12 ) is below. Method for operating a combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the case of a power failure, the storage of electrical energy by the at least one predetermined limit value (GW _min , GW _max ) is not limited. Combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) - at least one electrical storage unit ( 12 ), which is provided for electrical energy, preferably by means of the cogeneration plant ( 10 ) generated electrical energy to store and / or provide, - at least one heating system ( 14 ), which is intended to generate heat, - at least one control unit ( 16 ), which of the at least one electrical storage unit ( 12 ), and - at least one control unit ( 18 ), which the at least one heating system ( 14 ), characterized in that the at least one control unit ( 16 ), which of the at least one electrical storage unit ( 12 ), and the at least one control unit ( 18 ), which the at least one heating system ( 14 ), communication technology are interconnected. Combined heat and power plant ( 10 ), in particular combined heat and power plant ( 10 ) according to claim 13, which is operated by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12.

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