DE102013003469A1 - Method for room- or building heating under partial use of renewable, volatile electrical energy, involves supplying electrical energy in electro-thermal storage for heating room or building by using controller - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves primarily supplying electrical energy in one or more electro-thermal storage for heating a room or building by using a controller and the secondary supplying the electrical energy into an external power grid. The electro-thermal storage has insufficient cover of the thermal energy demand of the electro-thermal storage, and the heated room or building is supplied or jointly supplied from an external power grid by using the external energy supplied into the room or building via a local generation system.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1. Accordingly, it is provided to use for room or building heating at least partially regenerative, volatile electrical energy from a space or building locally associated generation plant for electricity from a regenerative source , volatile energy comes from.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Electric energy from regenerative, volatile energy sources, such as from solar or wind energy is only temporarily available. On a large scale, this deficiency is partly overcome by energy storage, for example in high water reservoirs or by heat storage in thermally insulated mineral beds. In this case, with sufficient presence of the regenerative, volatile energy in times when the demand for electric power is comparatively low or is made sufficiently available by power plants, this excess electrical energy is used for energy storage. Efficiency losses are comparatively high and efficiency optimization difficult.

On a small scale, decentralized supply of buildings with regenerative, volatile electrical energy creates an incentive to set up suitable generating facilities, such as photovoltaic systems, through public subsidies. In the presence of regenerative, volatile energy and less consumption of the same in the building or complex of buildings equipped with such a system that excess electrical energy is fed into the general grid.

In almost all photovoltaic (PV) systems in private homes, the feed-in into the public grid automatically takes place after an equally automatic deduction of own consumption. PV inverters, two-way counters and all household consumers are connected to the same household power grid. What the inverter generates and is not taken over by the local consumers immediately goes into the public network. If the inverter generates too little, the remainder is automatically taken from the public grid. So far, the order of supply is like this: first normal household consumers, then feed into the public power grid.

Depending on the funding model, however, the feed-in tariff is lower than electricity consumed at the same time as the generation itself (eg Germany) or the feed-in tariff is significantly lower than the electricity purchased externally (eg Austria). , Furthermore, should be relieved by the promotion of this so-called self-consumption, the electricity transport network. Unfavorable has the effect that the solar energy used to supply buildings with electric power and / or heat is often present when the energy consumption in the building is comparatively low, such as during the daytime when z. B. Residential buildings are used by fewer people than in the morning, evening and night hours. The relatively more available in the average hours of the day solar energy must therefore be fed in the form of locally generated electrical energy in the general power grid, with just such electrical energy is again at other times to cover the heating demand from the power grid.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Based on this, the present invention seeks to optimize and make the space heating of the building, building complex or individual rooms accessible. To solve this problem, a method with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Accordingly, it is provided in a generic method, in the - the space or building locally associated - renewable energy production - or the surplus after supply of any other existing consumers within the building - via a controller primarily in one or more to feed in electro-thermal storage. Subordinately, this electrical energy is fed into the external power grid. The one or more electro-thermal storage is supplied or co-supplied only by insufficient coverage of the thermal energy demand of the electro-thermal storage by the local generating plant by externally fed into the room or building electrical power from the external power grid. Among other things, an efficient use of locally generated regenerative, volatile electrical energy by the room or building heating is achieved by the invention. The supply to the general power grid and the purchase of energy from this network is minimized so that the energy stored in the supply network energy storage are relieved. By using the locally generated regenerative, volatile electrical energy in the building to which the generating plant is assigned locally in the form of thermal storage, this energy input is optimized. The thermal storage provides for a shift in energy demand from times with little or no regenerative energy output to times when the regenerative yield is sufficiently present. The preferred order of supply is: 1. normal household consumers, 2. thermal storage, 3. feed into the grid. There is a distinction of consumer types in the house into "slidable" consumers (those with memory) and "non-slidable ones" (all others), although they are hanging on the same home power grid.

For the purposes of the invention, "volatile" regenerative electrical energy is understood as meaning regenerative energy which is not controllable in time, ie. H. Solar and wind energy, but also the power of flowing water, and from the electric current has been generated.

The invention can now be carried out in various ways:
The electro-thermal storage can at least one central storage such. B. a hot water or latent heat storage, several decentralized storage, such. As storage ovens, and / or at least one surface heating storage, such as a memory screed and / or a memory plaster include. Several such storage or storage systems can be used with the same or different services, such. B. in electric storage heaters, wall or floor heat storage can be provided.

The at least one electro-thermal storage can by a but especially by a plurality of electric heating elements, for. As those for hot water to be supplied with electrical energy. Several comparatively not too powerful heating rods, which are turned on depending on the energy supply, have proved to be advantageous.

The local electric power generation plant from a regenerative, volatile energy source may include a photovoltaic system, a wind turbine or hydropower plant, a combined heat and power plant and / or a biogas plant.

Other consumers of electrical energy in the room or building can be supplied with priority prior to the electro-thermal storage with electrical energy from the locally associated generation plant.

The expected energy supply and / or the anticipated energy surplus of the local generating plant can be determined. This can be done during installation by programming parameters such as rated power, orientation and / or location factor of a photovoltaic system, and / or by considering a weather forecast and / or by taking into account historical data, such as the daily rhythm of a photovoltaic system and / or by taking into account the rhythm of the energy demand other consumers.

The estimated energy requirement of the at least one room or building can be determined. This can be done by updating the needs of the past if necessary with learning cycles and / or if the thermal load is a space heating, by analyzing the room temperature and its history, analysis of the outside temperature and its course, taking into account the user-programmed usage times and / or or considering a weather forecast.

In an automatic outflow of heating energy from the electro-thermal storage in his heated room or building part, for example in a surface heating storage, at least the minimum and / or maximum allowable storage temperature and / or the minimum and / or maximum energy content of the memory, from the heat flow from the storage towards the room, the actual heat demand of the room and / or the permissible minimum and / or the maximum room temperature. The operation of a planned for the on / off process storage heaters (release only at night and 2 hours in the afternoon) thus gives way to a kind of buffer operation.

When using at least one heating element operated with electrical energy for heating the at least one electro-thermal storage, its connected load (s) can be programmed as a parameter during commissioning. The connection performance can be automatically determined by measurements during commissioning and / or during operation.

The power output of the local generating plant and the power consumption of any other existing consumers can be determined by suitable counters or measuring devices.

The power drawn by the property from an external power grid and that fed by it into the external power grid can be measured, in particular by means of a two-way counter, such as a smart meter. One or more of the counters used may be implemented as a two-tariff counter, such as a counter. As the existing today HT-NT counter for Nachspeicherheizungen.

It does not matter how much the production plant produces and the other household consumers lose weight. The decisive factor is that the surplus is hardly fed into the grid because it is used for the heating. A two-way counter with the corresponding counting outputs is already present in virtually every house with a PV system. The task of the controller is to set the grouping of the heating elements so that the energy flow through this counter is as close as possible to 0. By "property" is meant here that the local generating plant and all consumers (thermal storage and the other consumers) are meant together.

The current energy content of the at least one electro-thermal storage can be determined, in particular by measurement, continuous balancing and / or similar methods.

The expected demand of the thermal consumers in a future can be calculated in advance, in particular in a period corresponding to the temporal storage capacity of the thermal storage.

The heating of the electro-thermal storage can be controlled in terms of performance and / or time, taking into account the anticipated time requirement and the currently available energy, that the proportion of energy coming from the local power generation plant on the total in a period of time into the thermal storage energy flowing as high as possible.

When using electric energy-operated heating elements for heating one or more electro-thermal storage, the heating elements, in particular at any time, in such a grouping can be switched on when the heat demand, that their common power consumption of the space or building locally associated generation plant produced power or, in the presence of other consumers, the power surplus comes as close as possible. Thus, instead of a single connection of a very high-performance heater, a splitting into small connection powers, which are switched on according to heat requirement and energy availability, is undertaken. In the formation of the grouping, the heat energy present in the respective storage and / or the energy which is likely to be required in the future by the space or building part supplied by the respective storage) can be taken into account. Thus, a forward-looking storage is made according to supply and demand.

By parameterizing, it can be determined whether and / or how far the set heating power may exceed the line offer or the excess power.

The above-mentioned and the claimed components to be used according to the invention described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to special conditions of size, shape, material selection and technical design, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, as well as from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which - by way of example - an embodiment of an electro-thermal storage system is shown. Also, individual features of the claims or of the embodiments may be combined with other features of other claims and embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the drawing show

1 a general block diagram of an electro-thermal storage system for the use of renewable, volatile electrical energy;

2 a block diagram of an electro-thermal storage system for the use of renewable, volatile electrical energy on the example of a family house with electric storage heater.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The embodiments according to 1 and 2 provide a controller for an electrically heated, thermal storage system in which the electrical energy is supplied to the memory controlled. Depending on requirements, heat is supplied to the thermal consumers or fed uncontrolled. The property is equipped with one or more generators of regenerative, volatile electrical energy, with a connection to an external electric power grid, which allows both energy and energy input, and with optional other consumers of electrical energy that are not through the control according to the invention can be controlled.

The energy consumed by the property or fed into the grid by the property can be measured. The current energy content of the memory can be determined by measurement, continuous balancing or similar procedures. The anticipated demand of the thermal consumers in a future corresponding to the temporal storage capacity of the thermal storage may be predicted as desired. The heating of the storage can be controlled in terms of performance and time taking into account the anticipated time requirement and the currently available (in the presence of other consumers: excess) energy, that the proportion of energy coming from the energy generator in the total in a period in the thermal storage inflowing energy is as high as possible.

According to the embodiment according to 2 is a family home with normal household consumers, electric storage ovens, z. T. with fan, for domestic heating, with a photovoltaic system and equipped with a smart meter as a two-way counter to the utility and with a controller. The control includes: Measurement of the sourced and injected energy via two S0 pulse outputs of the smart meter, measurement of the storage core temperatures in the individual storage furnaces as a measure of their energy content, measurement of the outside temperature as a measure of the total energy demand, programming of usage times of the individual rooms. Optionally, inclusion of an external weather forecast may be provided for improved energy demand prediction and measurement of room temperature (s) for estimating the uncontrolled release of thermal energy to the room.

When installing parameterized connected load of the individual heaters, a calculation can be made, the z. B. the estimated energy needs in the coming 12 to 24 h for the house or any room from the outside temperature, possibly the weather forecast and the usage times includes. Furthermore, the minimum or maximum permissible storage load per storage oven can be calculated from the energy requirement, the upper and lower comfort limit for the room temperature and the amount of energy released uncontrolled to the room.

Furthermore, a connection or disconnection of the energy consumption of individual storage ovens may be provided if the individual minimum storage load is exceeded, if the maximum storage load is exceeded, and / or if the current storage load between the two limits, and to the extent that Excess energy is available from the local producer, but is not needed by other consumers. For this purpose, the storage ovens can be switched on by the controller to the extent that the feed into the utility network approaches zero as far as possible, but no energy is yet being consumed. An example of a normal single-family dwelling (BJ about 1970s) has a heating power of about 10 to 20 kW and can accommodate a PV system of about 4-6kWpeak on the roof. It is a division of the heating power made in small parts, eg. As in existing electric storage heaters, either as individual heaters from about 1 to 6 kW connected load or floor storage heaters by the individual heating circuits in the rooms. The controller must know the performance of the individual heating elements in order to calculate an optimal grouping.

Claims (19)

A method for room or building heating with at least partial use of renewable, volatile electrical energy from the space or building locally associated generation plant such energy, characterized in that this electrical energy via a controller primarily in one or more electro-thermal storage for heating the Room or building is fed and is subordinate fed into an external power grid, and that the or the electro-thermal / n memory in insufficient coverage of the thermal energy needs of the / the electro-thermal storage or heated space or building by the local generating plant supplied externally into the room or building electrical power from an external power grid or is supplied with. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrothermal memory at least one central memory such. B. a hot water or latent heat storage, several decentral Speicherwie such. As storage heaters and / or at least one surface heating storage such as a storage screed and / or a memory plaster is / are, with several such memory or storage systems with the same or different services, such. B. electric storage heaters, wall or floor heat storage can be provided. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one electro-thermal storage by one or more electrical heating rods, for. B. those for hot water, is supplied with electrical energy. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the local generating plant for electrical energy from a regenerative, volatile energy source, a photovoltaic system, a wind power or hydroelectric power plant, a combined heat and power plant and / or a biogas Plant is. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that other consumers of electrical energy in the room or building, preferably in front of the electro-thermal storage, are supplied with electrical energy from the locally allocated generating installation. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the prospective energy supply and / or the anticipated energy surplus of the local generating plant is determined, in particular by programming parameters during installation, such as rated power, orientation and / or location factor of a photovoltaic system, by taking into account a weather forecast, by taking into account past data, such as the daily rhythm of a photovoltaic system and / or by taking into account the rhythm of the energy needs of other consumers. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the prospective energy demand of the at least one room or building is determined, in particular by updating the needs of the past, if necessary with learning cycles and / or if the thermal load is a space heating, by analyzing the room temperature and its course, analyzing the outside temperature and its course, taking into account the user-programmed usage times and / or considering a weather forecast. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at an automatic outflow of heat energy from the electro-thermal storage in the heated room or building part, for example in a surface heating storage, at least the minimum and / or maximum allowable storage temperature and / or or the minimum and / or the maximum energy content of the storage, from which heat flow from the storage towards the room, the current heat requirement of the room and / or the permissible minimum and / or the maximum room temperature is calculated. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one operated with electrical energy heating element for heating the at least one electro-thermal storage is used whose / angeanschlussleistung / s is programmed as a parameter during commissioning / will. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the connection performance during commissioning and / or during operation are automatically determined by measurements. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the power output of the local generating plant and the power consumption of the possibly existing other consumers via suitable counters or measuring devices is determined. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the power drawn by the property from an external power grid and that fed by it into the external power grid is measured, in particular by means of a two-directional counter, such as a smart meter , Method according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that one or more of the counters used are designed as a two-tariff counter. Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the current energy content of the at least one electro-thermal memory is determined, in particular by measurement, continuous balancing and / or similar methods. Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the anticipated demand of the thermal load is calculated in advance in a future, in particular in a period corresponding to the temporal storage capacity of the thermal storage. Method according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the heating of the electro-thermal storage is controlled in terms of performance and / or time, taking into account the anticipated time requirement and the currently available energy that the proportion of energy coming from the local power generation plant at the total in a period of time in the thermal storage inflowing energy is as high as possible. Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that are operated with electric energy heating elements for heating one or more electro-thermal storage and are switched on in existing heat demand, the heating elements, in particular at any time, in such a grouping that you common power consumption is as close as possible to the power generated by the generation plant locally assigned to the room or building or, in the presence of other consumers, to the excess power. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that in the formation of the grouping the existing thermal energy in the respective memory and / or expected in the future of the space supplied by the respective memory or Building (part) required energy is / are considered. A method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that it is determined by a parameter setting, whether and / or how far the set heating power may exceed the line supply or the excess power.

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