WO2016138308A1 - Ajout d'argile et de laitier dans des chambres de combustion fonctionnant au charbon - Google Patents

Ajout d'argile et de laitier dans des chambres de combustion fonctionnant au charbon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016138308A1
WO2016138308A1 PCT/US2016/019639 US2016019639W WO2016138308A1 WO 2016138308 A1 WO2016138308 A1 WO 2016138308A1 US 2016019639 W US2016019639 W US 2016019639W WO 2016138308 A1 WO2016138308 A1 WO 2016138308A1
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Prior art keywords
coal
slag
additive
clay
kaolin
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PCT/US2016/019639
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English (en)
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Wayne Fried
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Ash Improvement Technology Inc.
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2016138308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016138308A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/83—Solid phase processes with moving reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/565—Nitrogen oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/10—Clay
    • C04B14/106—Kaolin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C04B18/141—Slags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/50—Blending
    • F23K2201/505—Blending with additives
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the addition of clay and slag materials during coal combustion processes to reduce unwanted emissions and to produce combustion products that may be used as cement additives.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of reducing emissions during coal combustion processes comprising combusting the coal in the presence of a clay additive and a slag additive, wherein the combined weight of the clay additive and the slag additive is at least 8 weight percent of the weight of the coal.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of reducing emissions during coal combustion processes comprising combusting the coal in the presence of a kaolin additive and a stainless steel slag additive, wherein the combined weight of the kaolin additive and the stainless steel slag additive is from 2 to 60 weight percent of the weight of the coal.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates methods of adding clay and slag separately to coal combustion processes to reduce emissions and produce a combustion product in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 schematically illustrates methods of adding clay and slag together to coal combustion processes to reduce emissions and produce a combustion product in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph of S0 2 emissions and limestone addition rates during operation of a coal fired boiler, including test periods during which clay and slag additions were made, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of steam flow during operation of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of coal flow rate during operation of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph of NO x emissions during a portion of the operation of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph of slag additions during a first test period of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 8 is a graph of kaolin addition rates during the first test period of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 9 is a graph of slag addition rates during a second test period of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 10 is a graph of kaolin addition rates during the second test period of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 11 is a graph of slag addition rates during a third test period of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 12 is a graph of kaolin addition rates during the third test period of the coal fired boiler corresponding to Fig. 3.
  • clay such as kaolin
  • slag such as stainless steel furnace slag
  • the resultant material byproduct of the combustion process may be used as an additive for cementitious materials, with enhanced pozzolanic reactivity, water reducing capabilities, and other benefits, such as alkali-silica reaction inhibition.
  • the clay and slag additives are introduced during a coal combustion process, such as the fluidized bed combustion zone of a coal-fired power plant. They can also be injected into other materials.
  • the clay and slag may be introduced directly into the burner in one embodiment of the invention, alternative embodiments include introducing upstream from the burner and/or downstream from the burner.
  • the clay and slag additives may be introduced separately into a coal stream, or may be pre-mixed together before their addition to the coal stream.
  • the clay and slag may be introduced separately, pre-mixed and introduced together and/or pre-mixed with the coal.
  • the clay and slag may be introduced separately or together.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 schematically illustrate processes for reducing unwanted emissions and producing combustion products that may be used as pozzolanic materials for use in cement in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • the clay and slag additions are introduced during the coal combustion processes.
  • the clay and slag additives are introduced separately during the coal combustion process.
  • the clay and slag additives are introduced together into the coal combustion process.
  • the clay additive may be added directly into the coal combustion zone, such as the burner of a coal-fired electric power generating plant.
  • the clay additive may be mixed with the coal prior to their introduction into the coal combustion zone.
  • the slag additive may be added directly into the coal combustion zone.
  • the slag additive may be mixed with the coal prior to their introduction into the coal combustion zone.
  • the clay and/or slag are introduced into the coal combustion zone, they may be introduced in any suitable manner, for example, by a direct feed line into the burner.
  • the clay and/or slag additives are introduced into a recirculation loop that feeds back into the burner.
  • Fig. 2 The embodiments shown in Fig. 2 are similar to those of Fig. 1, with the exception that the clay additive and the slag additive are mixed or otherwise combined together prior to their introduction into the coal combustion zone or their pre -mixture with the coal prior to introduction into the coal combustion zone.
  • the clay additive and slag additive are introduced into a recirculation loop that feeds back into the burner.
  • clay and slag additives are introduced during a coal combustion process, such as the combustion zone of a coal-fired power plant.
  • the clay and slag additives may be introduced into the burner, upstream from the burner and/or downstream from the burner in a recirculation loop back into the burner.
  • the clay and slag additives may be introduced separately into a coal stream, or may be pre-mixed together before their addition to the coal stream.
  • the clay and slag may be introduced separately, pre-mixed and introduced together and/or pre-mixed with the coal.
  • any suitable type or grade of coal may be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • the coal that is introduced into the burner may be low- grade coal, e.g., comprising waste or a by-product such as coal washings from coal processing operations.
  • Such coal washings are considered waste material that may be stored in large outdoor heaps or piles, which can result in unwanted water contamination and runoff in the surrounding areas, e.g., the water may have a pH as low as 1.
  • Certain types of power plants burn such coal washings as waste materials and may therefore be classified as waste treatment plants rather than conventional coal-fired power plants. All of these types of facilities are considered to be within the scope of the present invention, as well as other coal combustion facilities and processes.
  • the clay additive comprises kaolin.
  • the kaolin group has three members (kaolinite, dickite and nacrite) and a formula of Al 2 Si 2 0 5 (OH)4.
  • kaolin may include about 46 weight percent silica and about 28 weight percent alumina, with minor amounts of titanium (e.g., 1.5 weight percent), iron (e.g., 0.62 weight percent), calcium (e.g., 0.19 weight percent), magnesium (e.g., 0.14 weight percent), carbon (e.g., 0.01 weight percent) and sulfur trioxide (e.g., 0.02 weight percent), along with minor amounts of moisture.
  • the general structure of the kaolinite group is composed of silicate sheets (Si 2 0 5 ) bonded to aluminum oxide/hydroxide layers (Al 2 (OH) 4 ) called gibbsite layers.
  • the silicate and gibbsite layers are tightly bonded together with only weak bonding existing between the s-g paired layers.
  • the montmorillonite/smectite group is composed of several minerals including pyrophyllite, talc, vermiculite, sauconite, saponite, nontronite and monmorillonite. They differ mostly in chemical content.
  • the general formula is (Ca, Na, H)(A1, Mg, Fe, Zn) 2 (Si,
  • Talc's formula for example, is Mg 3 S1 ⁇ 4Oio(OH) 2 .
  • the gibbsite layers of the kaolinite group can be replaced in this group by a similar layer that is analogous to the oxide brucite, (Mg 2 (OH) 4 ).
  • the structure of this group is composed of silicate layers sandwiching a gibbsite (or brucite) layer in between, in an s-g-s stacking sequence. The variable amounts of water molecules would lie between the s-g-s sandwiches.
  • the illite group is basically a hydrated microscopic muscovite.
  • the mineral illite is the only common mineral represented, however it is a significant rock forming mineral being a main component of shales and other argillaceous rocks.
  • the general formula is (K, H)Al 2 (Si, Al) 4 Oio(OH) 2 - xH 2 0, where x represents the variable amount of water that this group could contain.
  • the structure of this group is similar to the montmorillonite group with silicate layers sandwiching a gibbsite-like layer in between, in an s-g-s stacking sequence. The variable amounts of water molecules would lie between the s-g-s sandwiches as well as the potassium ions.
  • the chlorite general formula is X 4- 6Y 4 Oio(OH, 0) 8 .
  • the X represents one or more of aluminum, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, zinc or rarely chromium.
  • the Y represents either aluminum, silicon, boron or iron but mostly aluminum and silicon.
  • the kaolin or other clay additives typically comprise from 1 or 2 to 50 percent of the weight of the coal, for example, from 3 to 30 weight percent. In certain embodiments, the kaolin may comprise at least 5 weight percent, or at least 6 or 8 weight percent.
  • the average particle size of the kaolin may typically be above 3 microns. In certain embodiments, the average particle size of the kaolin may be from 1 to 10 microns.
  • the moisture content of the kaolin may also range from 1 to 10%.
  • the clay additive may include particle size fractions that are not typically desirable for certain types of industrial applications such as use in paper or cosmetic products.
  • the kaolin may have a smaller and/or larger average particle size than the kaolin typically used in various industries.
  • approximately one -third may be sized appropriately and of the proper chemical composition for use in the paper or cosmetic industries, while the remaining approximately two-thirds of the mined kaolin may include ultrafine particles, coarse particles or particles that are outside of the chemical specification for those uses. These materials may remain unused.
  • Such unused fractions may be dumped into storage areas such as pits, abandoned mines, etc.
  • such discarded kaolin is useful as the kaolin additive component in the coal combustion process.
  • recycled kaolin or other clays from various sources such as waste paper may be recovered and used as the clay additive in accordance with the present invention.
  • waste paper containing clay the entire waste product may be combusted in the burner, thereby providing a source of clay as well as an additional combustible fuel for the combustion process.
  • the slag additive may include stainless steel furnace slag, basic oxygen slag (BOS), electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, aluminum slag, copper slag, magnesium slag, argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag, austenitic steel slag, ladle slag, and the like.
  • BOS basic oxygen slag
  • EAF electric arc furnace
  • AOD argon oxygen decarburization
  • austenitic steel slag e.g., ladle slag, and the like.
  • the stainless steel slag additive typically comprises from 1 or 2 to 50 percent of the weight of the coal, for example, from 3 to 30 weight percent. In certain embodiments, the stainless steel slag may comprise at least 5 weight percent, or at least 6 or 8 weight percent. Although combined additions of clay and slag are primarily described herein, addition of only one of clay and slag may be used, for example, stainless steel slag may be added without the clay in the amounts described above.
  • the average particle size of the stainless steel furnace slag may typically be above 10 microns, for example, from 10 microns to 2 mm. However, in certain embodiments, fine stainless steel slag having an average particle size less than 10 microns may be used.
  • the total combined weight of the clay and slag is typically from 8 to 60 percent of the weight of the coal, for example, from 8 to 40 or 50 weight percent.
  • the combined weight of the clay and slag may be less than 8 weight percent, for example, a minimum of 6 weight percent, or a minimum of 4 weight percent, or a minimum of 2 weight percent, e.g., the combined weight of the clay and slag may range from 2 to 60 weight percent, or from 4 or 5 weight percent to 40 or 50 weight percent.
  • Other optional additives include limestone, alumino- silicate minerals, waste concrete such as recycled Portland cement concrete, shale, recycled crushed glass, recycled crushed aggregate fines, silica fume, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, weathered clinker, clinker, granite kiln dust, zeolites, limestone quarry dust, red mud, fine ground mine tailings, oil shale fines, bottom ash, dry stored fly ash, landfilled fly ash, ponded flyash, Ut um-containing ores and other waste or low-cost materials containing calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and/or aluminum oxide.
  • waste concrete such as recycled Portland cement concrete, shale, recycled crushed glass, recycled crushed aggregate fines, silica fume, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, weathered clinker, clinker, granite kiln dust, zeolites, limestone quarry dust, red mud, fine ground mine tailings, oil shale fines, bottom ash,
  • limestone may be injected along with the clay and slag additives during the coal combustion process.
  • the amount of limestone may be selected in order to control emissions such as SOx while producing a combustion product with desirable properties when added to cement.
  • the amount of limestone may range from zero to 5 weight percent based on the weight of the coal, or the limestone may range from 0.5 to 4 weight percent, or from 1 to 3 weight percent, based on the weight of the coal.
  • their combined weight is typically at least 8 weight percent based on the total weight of the coal, limestone, clay and slag, for example, their combined weight may be at least 10 weight percent based on the total weight of the coal, limestone, clay and slag.
  • water may be added, e.g., either separately from the additives or as part of the moisture content of at least one of the additives. For example, steam at a pressure up to 200 psi may be added.
  • water may be added as part of a slurry containing the clay and/or slag additives.
  • a typical slurry may contain any suitable amount of water, e.g., from 0.5 or 1 weight percent to 10 or 20 weight percent, or more, with the balance being solids (clay and/or slag).
  • the amount of water versus coal may typically range from zero up to 3 percent or more based upon the weight of the coal.
  • unwanted emissions are significantly reduced during coal combustion processes, i.e., the amount of a particular emission is reduced by a substantial percentage when the clay and slag additives are added during a coal combustion process in comparison with the same coal combustion process without the additives.
  • SO x emissions may be reduced by at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 50%, or more.
  • NO x emissions may be reduced by at least 10%, or at least 20%), or at least 25%, or more.
  • Mercury emissions may be reduced by at least 10%, or at least 20%, or at least 30%, or at least 40%, or more.
  • the combustion products of the present invention may be added to various types of cement, including Portland cement.
  • the combustion products may comprise greater than 10 weight percent of the cementitious material, typically greater than 25 weight percent.
  • the additive comprises 30 to 95 weight percent of the cementitious material.
  • One embodiment of the present invention uses the coal fired boiler of an electric power plant as a chemical processing vessel to produce the combustion products, in addition to its normal function of generating steam for electrical energy. This approach may be taken without reducing the efficiency of the boiler's output while, at the same time, producing a commodity with a controlled specification and a higher commercial value to the construction market.
  • the resulting ash product is designed to have beneficial pozzolanic properties for use in conjunction with Portland cement, or with different chemical
  • Test Material A comprised coal with limestone injections.
  • Test Material B comprised coal with clay injections.
  • Test Material C comprised coal with combined slag and clay injections in which the clay was present in a relatively small amount.
  • Test Material D comprised coal with slag and clay injections in which the clay was present in a relatively large amount.
  • Table 1 provides mercury capture test results, The combined slag and clay injections significantly reduced mercury levels.
  • Tests were performed in a conventional fluidized bed coal fired boiler of an electrical power generation plant. Combined injections of clay and slag were made to the coal combustion zone by adding the clay and slag into the recirculation loop of the fluidized bed boiler.
  • the clay additive comprised kaolin, while the slag additive comprised stainless steel slag.
  • Fig. 3 includes plots of S0 2 emissions and limestone additions during three test periods labeled as Test #1, Test #2 and Test #3. Steam flow and coal addition rates during the time periods shown in Fig. 3 are plotted in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 6 shows NO x emissions during the Test #1 and Test #2 periods.
  • Fig. 7 shows moving average slag addition rates during the Test #1 period.
  • Fig. 8 shows moving average kaolin addition rates during the Test #1 period.
  • Fig. 9 shows moving average slag addition rates during the Test #2 period.
  • Fig. 10 shows moving average kaolin addition rates during the Test #2 period.
  • Fig. 11 shows moving average slag addition rates during the Test #3 period.
  • Fig. 12 shows moving average kaolin addition rates during the Test #3 period.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)

Abstract

On procède à des ajouts d'argile et de laitier pendant des processus de combustion du charbon pour réduire les émissions indésirables telles que les émissions de SO2,de NOx et de mercure. Les additifs d'argile peuvent comprendre du kaolin. Les additifs de laitier peuvent comprendre des scories d'acier inoxydable. Les produits de combustion résultants peut être utilisés comme additifs à ciment.
PCT/US2016/019639 2015-02-25 2016-02-25 Ajout d'argile et de laitier dans des chambres de combustion fonctionnant au charbon WO2016138308A1 (fr)

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US201562120741P 2015-02-25 2015-02-25
US62/120,741 2015-02-25

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WO2016138308A1 true WO2016138308A1 (fr) 2016-09-01

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CN114797872A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-07-29 清华大学 一种炉内联合脱除氧化亚氮和NOx的中低温添加剂和工艺
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