WO2016107452A1 - 一种直流断路器桥式模块 - Google Patents

一种直流断路器桥式模块 Download PDF

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WO2016107452A1
WO2016107452A1 PCT/CN2015/098207 CN2015098207W WO2016107452A1 WO 2016107452 A1 WO2016107452 A1 WO 2016107452A1 CN 2015098207 W CN2015098207 W CN 2015098207W WO 2016107452 A1 WO2016107452 A1 WO 2016107452A1
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Prior art keywords
bridge module
unit
press
module
fit
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PCT/CN2015/098207
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王成昊
张升
汤广福
贺之渊
魏晓光
高冲
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国家电网公司
国网智能电网研究院
中电普瑞电力工程有限公司
华北电网有限公司
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Publication of WO2016107452A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107452A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/02—Housings; Casings; Bases; Mountings
    • H01H71/0207—Mounting or assembling the different parts of the circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52—Cooling of switch parts
    • H01H2009/526—Cooling of switch parts of the high voltage switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a DC circuit breaker for manufacturing a DC grid, in particular to a DC breaker bridge module.
  • the DC system provides reliable power for relay protection, operation control, signal sound and accident lighting, and is one of the most important components in DC systems.
  • the small DC circuit breaker its stable and reliable operation will directly ensure the safety of the entire power system; the booming development of the information industry has ushered in the development of DC power supply industries such as communication power, EPS, UPS, etc.
  • Base stations and data centers have sprung up in China.
  • DC circuit breakers which are the most important operating and protection components in the feeder circuits of the DC power supply, are equipped with reliable selective grading to protect the equipment and limit accidents.
  • the scope plays a very important role; currently the urban rail transit system is generally powered by a DC system. Most of its DC power supplies are provided by high-power silicon rectifiers. Due to the low overload capability of silicon rectifier components, the requirements for DC grid protection components are higher. The fast-analysis DC-specific circuit breaker is an important component in rail transit.
  • the most basic component of a DC breaker is a breaker bridge module.
  • the module When the bridge module is in normal operation, the module is responsible for conducting high current (above 1kA). On the one hand, when the fault occurs, the bridge module bears a very high fault current (above 10kA) in a short time (2ms), and on the other hand, the current transfer and disconnection can be realized by the IGBT device in the control module.
  • the fault form is characterized by an open circuit and is prone to bursting when a fault occurs;
  • the working principle and environment of the DC circuit breaker cause the existing module unit structure to be no longer applicable to the DC circuit breaker.
  • the present invention provides a DC breaker bridge module, which includes an IGBT press-fit unit, a capacitor bank, a laminated busbar, a control unit, an energy supply unit, and a support frame.
  • the capacitor bank is connected to the IGBT press-fit unit through the laminated bus bar, and the outer casing of the capacitor bank is connected to the control unit and the power supply unit, and the IGBT press-fit unit and the
  • the capacitor bank, the stacked busbar, the control unit, and the energizing unit are located on the support frame.
  • the IGBT press-fit unit is composed of four crimping type IGBTs, a water-cooled plate type heat sink, a gate unit, an outgoing bus bar and a press-fit structure, and the crimping type IGBT alternates with the water-cooled plate type heat sink.
  • the gate unit is connected to the water-cooled plate type heat sink
  • the outlet bus bar is stacked on the water-cooling plate of the water-cooling plate radiator
  • the press-fit structural member is connected by four metal rods.
  • the gate unit is connected to the water-cooled plate type heat sink by plugging.
  • a bypass thyristor is connected between the outgoing bus bars.
  • the press-fit structural members are two, the four metal tie rods traverse the four corners of the press-fit structural member, and the two ends of the metal tie rod are fixed to the two press-fits by nuts The outer surface of the structural member.
  • the four crimp-type IGBTs and the capacitor bank topology are H-bridge structures.
  • the outgoing busbar and the stacked busbar are copper busbars.
  • the support frame is an aluminum metal welded structural frame.
  • the DC breaker bridge module has an inductance value below 40 nH.
  • the use of crimping IGBT eliminates the hidden danger of the traditional welded module in the fault state, and at the same time, through the press-fit structure, the module integration degree can be greatly improved and the total volume of the module can be reduced;
  • the press-fit structure and the laminated busbar can control the stray inductance of the module below 40nH, which effectively reduces the voltage spike of the module when the high current is turned off;
  • the integrated compact design of the module can realize greater commutation power within the same module volume or greatly reduce the module volume under the same commutating power, and the capacitor is integrated with the structure of the control unit and the energy supply unit. It also provides a large heat dissipation area for the control unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the front structure of a bridge type DC breaker circuit module according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the back side of the bridge type DC breaker of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the bridge type DC breaker bridge module of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an electrical structural diagram of a bridge type DC breaker circuit module according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the front structure of a bridge type DC breaker circuit module according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the back structure of a DC circuit breaker bridge module according to the present invention; The main view of the module.
  • the DC breaker bridge module in the figure comprises an IGBT press-fit unit 2, a capacitor bank 3, a laminated busbar 4, a control unit, an energy supply unit and a support frame 8, and the capacitor bank 3 passes through the laminated busbar 4
  • the IGBT press-fit unit 2 is electrically connected, the housing design interface of the capacitor bank 3 is connected to the control unit and the power supply unit, the IGBT press-fit unit 2, the capacitor bank 3, and the laminated mother
  • the row 4, the control unit and the energizing unit are located on the support frame 8; the laminated busbar 4 adopts a common copper busbar, which can effectively reduce the influence of the stray parameters on the electrical performance of the module.
  • the IGBT press-fit unit 2 is composed of four crimping type IGBTs, a water-cooled plate type heat sink, a gate unit 1, an outgoing busbar 6 and a press-fit structure, and the crimping type IGBT alternates with the water-cooled plate type heat sink.
  • the gate unit 1 is mounted on a dedicated interface of the water-cooled plate type heat sink
  • the outlet bus bar 6 is a common copper bus bar stacked on a water-cooled plate of the water-cooled plate radiator.
  • the press-fit structure member provides a press-fit force by four metal tie rods, the metal tie rods are fastened to the flanges at both ends; the gate unit 1 is fixed in the manner of plugging and side fastening
  • the special interface of the water-cooled plate type radiator can improve the reliability of electrical contact and facilitate quick installation and replacement.
  • the crimp-type IGBT can form a short-circuit fault state when the fault occurs due to its own design form, completely avoiding the traditional welding type. The bulging caused by the open circuit fault of the device.
  • the IGBT press-fit unit is led to the outside of the module via the outgoing busbar 6, and the bypass busbars are connected in parallel between the outgoing busbars 6 5, in order to prepare for fault removal, the gate unit 1 and the module control system provide all the components to the support frame 8 by the energy supply system 7, and the support frame 8 is an aluminum metal welded structure frame. Provides a fixed interface and effective support for the entire module to form a complete module.
  • the four corners of the press-fit structural member are provided with four metal tie rods traversing the four corners, and the press-fit force is provided by the four metal tie rods, and the metal tie rods are fastened to the flanges at both ends. .
  • the DC breaker module topology is an H-bridge structure, including four high-power IGBT devices, and a transfer commutation capacitor, and the high-power IGBT and capacitor form an H-bridge topology.
  • the circuit breaker module adopting the structure avoids the bulging phenomenon in the fault state because the crimping type IGBT is adopted, and the module integration degree can be greatly improved, and the total volume of the module can be reduced;
  • the direct connection form greatly reduces the spurious parameters between the devices, and can control the stray inductance of the module below 40nH, which effectively reduces the voltage spike of the module when the high current is turned off; meanwhile, while increasing the current capacity Improve the integration of the module, so that the power within the same module volume is greatly improved; the integrated compact design of the module can achieve greater commutation power within the same module volume or greatly reduce the module volume under the same commutation power.
  • the capacitor is integrated with the structure of the control unit and the energy supply unit, and also provides a large heat dissipation area for the control unit.

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Abstract

一种直流断路器桥式模块，包括：IGBT压装单元（2）、电容器组（3）、层叠母排（4）、控制单元、供能单元（7）和支撑框架（8），该电容器组通过层叠母排与IGBT压装单元电气连接，该电容器组与控制单元及供能单元连接，IGBT压装单元、电容器组、层叠母排、控制单元和供能单元位于该支撑框架上。该直流断路器桥式模块消除了传统焊接式模块在故障状态下的爆胀隐患，提高了模块集成度，减小了模块总体积；降低了模块在关断大电流时的电压尖峰，同时还为控制单元提供较大的散热面积。

Description

一种直流断路器桥式模块 技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造直流电网用的直流断路器，具体涉及一种直流断路器桥式模块。
背景技术
发电厂、变电站等容量大、电压高的电力系统中，直流系统为继电保护、操作控制、信号音响以及事故照明等设备提供可靠的电源，而作为直流系统中最重要的元器件之一的小型直流断路器，其稳定可靠运行将直接保证整个电力系统的安全；信息产业的蓬勃发展迎来了通讯电源、EPS、UPS等直流电源行业的大发展，基站、数据中心象雨后春笋般出现在神州大地上，为了保证直流电源的高精密度要求，作为直流电源中各级馈电回路中最重要的操作和保护元器件的直流断路器，以其可靠的选择性分级配合对保护设备、限制事故范围起着非常重要的作用；目前城市轨道交通体系一般用直流系统供电。而其直流电源大多由大功率硅整流装置提供，硅整流装置元器件因过载能力低，所以对直流电网保护元器件的要求更高。快速分析的直流专用断路器是轨道交通中的重要元器件。
直流断路器的最基本组成单元为断路器桥式模块。桥式模块在正常工作时，模块承担着导通大电流(1kA以上)的工作。而在故障发生时，桥式模块一方面在短时间内(2ms)承担极高的故障电流(10kA以上)，另一方面则可以通过控制模块中的IGBT器件，来实现电流的转移及分断。
现有高压大容量电力电子产品，如直流断路器、STATOM、UPFC及柔性直流输电换流阀等，其中的桥式模块多采用焊接型IGBT器件，而此类模块的设计及生产虽然已较为成熟，但仍然有诸多缺点：
1)故障形式表现为断路，且在发生故障时容易发生爆胀；
2)器件自身寄生参数较大，模块中各IGBT之间通过较长母排连接，导致桥式模块整体寄生参数(寄生电感、寄生电容)控制极为困难，易产生过流及过压等现象；
3)焊接式IGBT应用于桥式模块中时，由于各IGBT间距受周边部件(层叠母排、散热器等)的影响，在布置时，无法提高桥式模块单位体积内的功率容量。
直流断路器的工作原理及环境导致现有的模块单元结构无法再适用于直流断路器。
因此，需要提供一种技术方案来克服以上至少一种缺陷。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种直流断路器桥式模块，所述直流断路器桥式模块包括IGBT压装单元、电容器组、层叠母排、控制单元、供能单元和支撑框架，所述电容器组通过所述层叠母排与所述IGBT压装单元连接，所述电容器组的外壳与所述控制单元及所述供能单元连接，其特征在于，所述IGBT压装单元、所述电容器组、所述层叠母排、所述控制单元和所述供能单元位于所述支撑框架上。
优选地，所述IGBT压装单元由四只压接式IGBT、水冷板式散热器、门极单元、出线母排和压装结构件组成，所述压接式IGBT与所述水冷板式散热器交替设置，所述门极单元与所述水冷板式散热器连接，所述出线母排叠放在所述水冷板散热器的水冷板上，所述压装结构件通过四根金属拉杆连接。
优选地，所述门极单元采用插接方式与所述水冷板式散热器连接。
优选地，所述出线母排之间接入旁路晶闸管。
优选地，所述压装结构件为两个，所述四根金属拉杆横穿所述压装结构件的四个角，通过螺母将所述金属拉杆的两端固定在所述两个压装结构件的外表面。
优选地，所述四只压接式IGBT与所述电容器组拓扑为H桥结构。
优选地，所述出线母排和所述叠放母排为铜母排。
优选地，所述支撑框架为铝金属焊接结构框架。
优选地，所述直流断路器桥式模块的电感值在40nH以下。
和最接近的现有技术比，本发明的有益效果为：
1.采用压接式IGBT消除了传统焊接式模块在故障状态下的爆胀隐患，同时通过压装式结构，可以极大程度上提高模块集成度，减小模块总体积；
2.压装式结构配合层叠母排可以将模块杂散电感控制在40nH以下，有效降低了模块在关断大电流时的电压尖峰；
3.所述模块的集成化紧凑设计可以实现在相同模块体积内实现更大的换流功率或者在相同换流功率下大大减小模块体积，电容器与控制单元及供能单元的结构集成，同时还可以为控制单元提供较大的散热面积。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块正面结构示意图；
图2为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块背面结构示意图；
图3为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块的主视图；
图4为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块的电气结构图；
附图标记说明：1-门极单元；2-IGBT压装单元；3-电容器组；4-层叠母排；5-旁路晶闸管；6-出线母排；7-供能单元；8-支撑框架。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
为了彻底了解本发明实施例，将在下列的描述中提出详细的结构。显然，本发明实施例的施行并不限定于本领域的技术人员所熟习的特殊细节。本发明的较佳实施例详细描述如下，然而除了这些详细描述外，本发明还可以具有其他实施方式。
参照图1-图3，图1为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块正面结构示意图；图2为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块背面结构示意图；图3为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块的主视图。图中的直流断路器桥式模块，包括IGBT压装单元2、电容器组3、层叠母排4、控制单元、供能单元和支撑框架8，所述电容器组3通过所述层叠母排4与所述IGBT压装单元2电气连接，所述电容器组3的外壳设计接口与所述控制单元及所述供能单元连接，所述IGBT压装单元2、所述电容器组3、所述层叠母排4、所述控制单元和所述供能单元位于所述支撑框架8上；层叠母排4采用普通的铜母排，可有效降低杂散参数对于模块电气性能的影响。
所述IGBT压装单元2由四只压接式IGBT、水冷板式散热器、门极单元1、出线母排6和压装结构件组成，所述压接式IGBT与所述水冷板式散热器交替叠放安装，所述门极单元1安装在所述水冷板式散热器的专用接口上，所述出线母排6采用普通的铜母排，叠放在所述水冷板散热器的水冷板上，所述压装结构件通过四根金属拉杆提供压装力，所述之金属拉杆连接紧固在两端法兰上；所述门极单元1采用插接和侧方紧固的方式固定在所述水冷板式散热器的专用接口上，可提高电气接触可靠性，便于快速安装更换；所述压接式IGBT由于其自身设计形式，可以在故障产生时形成短路故障状态，完全避免了传统焊接式器件断路式故障所导致的爆胀现象。
压接型IGBT与层叠母排4的结合应用大幅降低了回路中的杂散电感，所述IGBT压装单元经由出线母排6引至模块外部，所述出线母排6之间并联旁路晶闸管5以备故障切除之需，所述门极单元1及模块控制系统通过供能系统7提供所需能量，将所有部件固定于支撑框架8上，所述支撑框架8为铝金属焊接结构框架，为整体模块提供安装固定接口及有效支撑，从而形成完整的模块整体。
所述压装结构件的四个角上设置有横穿所述四个角的四根金属拉杆，通过四根金属拉杆提供压装力，所述之金属拉杆连接紧固在两端法兰上。
图4为本发明图直流断路器桥式模块的电气结构图。参照图2，直流断路器模块拓扑为H桥结构，包括四个大功率IGBT器件，以及一只转移换相用电容器，所述之大功率IGBT与电容器组成H桥拓扑结构。
采用本结构的断路器模块因为采用压接式IGBT而避免了故障状态下的爆胀现象，可以在极大程度上提高模块集成度，减小模块总体积；IGBT之间由于采用压装的实现直接连接形式极大程度的减小了器件间的杂散参数，可以将模块杂散电感控制在40nH以下，有效降低了模块在关断大电流时的电压尖峰；同时在增加通流容量的同时提高模块的集成度，使相同模块体积内的功率大大提升；所述模块的集成化紧凑设计可以实现在相同模块体积内更大的换流功率或者在相同换流功率下大大减小模块体积，电容器与控制单元及供能单元的结构集成，同时还可以为控制单元提供较大的散热面积。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种直流断路器桥式模块，所述直流断路器桥式模块包括IGBT压装单元(2)、电容器组(3)、层叠母排(4)、控制单元、供能单元(7)和支撑框架(8)，所述电容器组(3)通过所述层叠母排(4)与所述IGBT压装单元(2)连接，所述电容器组(3)的外壳与所述控制单元及所述供能单元(7)连接，其特征在于，所述IGBT压装单元(2)、所述电容器组(3)、所述层叠母排(4)、所述控制单元和所述供能单元(7)位于所述支撑框架(8)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述IGBT压装单元由四只压接式IGBT、水冷板式散热器、门极单元(1)、出线母排(6)和压装结构件组成，所述压接式IGBT与所述水冷板式散热器交替设置，所述门极单元(1)与所述水冷板式散热器连接，所述出线母排(6)叠放在所述水冷板散热器的水冷板上，所述压装结构件通过四根金属拉杆连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述门极单元(1)采用插接方式与所述水冷板式散热器连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述出线母排(6)之间接入旁路晶闸管(5)。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述压装结构件为两个，所述四根金属拉杆用连接件固定在所述两个压装结构件的外表面。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述四只压接式IGBT与所述电容器组拓扑为H桥结构。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述出线母排(6)和所述叠放母排(4)为铜母排。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述支撑框架(8)为铝金属焊接结构框架。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任意一项权利要求所述的直流断路器桥式模块，其特征在于，所述直流断路器桥式模块的电感值在40nH以下。
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