WO2016103680A1 - 真空断熱材を備えた断熱容器および真空断熱材、ならびに、断熱容器を備えたタンカー - Google Patents
真空断熱材を備えた断熱容器および真空断熱材、ならびに、断熱容器を備えたタンカー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016103680A1 WO2016103680A1 PCT/JP2015/006387 JP2015006387W WO2016103680A1 WO 2016103680 A1 WO2016103680 A1 WO 2016103680A1 JP 2015006387 W JP2015006387 W JP 2015006387W WO 2016103680 A1 WO2016103680 A1 WO 2016103680A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat insulating
- adsorbent
- container
- insulating material
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/065—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum using vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
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- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
- F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
- F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat insulating container that includes a vacuum heat insulating material and stores therein a low-temperature substance having a temperature lower than normal temperature, a vacuum heat insulating material used in the heat insulating container, and a tanker including the heat insulating container.
- Combustible gas such as natural gas or hydrogen gas is a gas at normal temperature. For this reason, at the time of storage or transportation, it is liquefied and held in the heat insulating container.
- natural gas a typical example of an insulated container for holding liquefied natural gas (LNG) is an LNG storage tank installed on land or a tank of an LNG transport tanker. It is done.
- LNG is a low-temperature substance that is 100 ° C. or more lower than normal temperature (the temperature of LNG is usually ⁇ 162 ° C.). For this reason, in these LNG tanks, it is required to enhance the heat insulation performance as much as possible in order to store a low-temperature substance having a temperature lower than normal temperature inside.
- a vacuum heat insulating material having higher heat insulating performance a vacuum heat insulating material using a fibrous core material made of an inorganic material is known.
- a general vacuum heat insulating material has a configuration in which a core material is sealed in a vacuum-sealed state inside a bag-shaped outer covering material having gas barrier properties.
- household appliances such as a household refrigerator, commercial refrigeration equipment, and a heat insulating wall for a house can be cited.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which such a vacuum heat insulating material is applied to a heat insulating container such as an LNG tank. As a result, it is expected that the heat intrusion into the heat insulating container is effectively suppressed and the volumetric efficiency is further improved. If heat penetration can be suppressed in the LNG tank, the generation of boil-off gas (BOG) can be effectively reduced, and the natural vaporization rate (boil-off rate, BOR) of LNG can be effectively reduced.
- BOG boil-off gas
- a liquefied gas tanker is navigating the sea and is always in contact with seawater. For this reason, when a vacuum heat insulating material breaks a bag by some accident, reaction with seawater and an internal member may arise with the reaction rate and reaction amount more than assumption. This applies not only to gas tankers but also to gas tanks installed on the ground or in the ground when the broken vacuum insulation material comes into contact with rainwater.
- the present invention was made to solve such problems, and in a heat insulating container used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid water, the vacuum heat insulating material used in the heat insulating container breaks the bag, Even when liquid water comes into contact with the internal member, the influence exerted on the stored low-temperature substance is avoided or suppressed.
- the heat insulating container of the present invention is a heat insulating container used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid moisture, and is provided in a container main body having a substance holding portion for holding a substance at a temperature lower than normal temperature, and the container main body. And a heat insulating structure using at least a vacuum heat insulating material. And a vacuum heat insulating material has a jacket material and the internal member enclosed by the inside of a jacket material in the pressure-reduced airtight state. The internal member is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with liquid moisture.
- the vacuum heat insulating material of the present invention is a vacuum heat insulating material applied to a heat insulating container used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid water, and has a substance holding portion that holds a substance at a temperature lower than normal temperature inside. It is the vacuum heat insulating material used for the heat insulation container provided with the container main body which has and the heat insulation structure provided in the container main body and using the vacuum heat insulating material at least. And this vacuum heat insulating material is provided with the jacket material and the internal member enclosed by the inside of a jacket material in the pressure reduction sealing state.
- the inner member is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with liquid moisture.
- the tanker of the present invention includes the above-described heat insulating container, and the substance is liquefied natural gas or hydrogen.
- the present invention when the internal member of the vacuum heat insulating material reacts with moisture, attention is paid to hydrogen generation which is assumed to be undesirable as an influence on the stored low-temperature substance, and the worst situation due to hydrogen generation By suppressing the possibility, it becomes possible to significantly improve the reliability of the heat insulating container including the vacuum heat insulating material.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a spherical independent tank type LNG transport tanker including a spherical tank which is a heat insulating container according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a spherical tank corresponding to the cross section taken along the arrow 1B-1B in FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a vacuum heat insulating material used in a heat insulating structure included in the spherical tank illustrated in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a spherical independent tank type LNG transport tanker including a spherical tank which is a heat insulating container according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a spherical tank corresponding to the cross section taken along the arrow 1B
- FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a membrane-type LNG transport tanker including an inboard tank that is an insulated container according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the inboard tank corresponding to the cross section taken along the arrow 3B-3B in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical configuration of an above-ground LNG tank, which is a heat insulating container according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical configuration of an underground LNG tank, which is a heat insulating container according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical configuration of a hydrogen tank, which is a heat-insulating container according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- an insulated container that is, an insulated container that is used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid water and holds a substance at a temperature lower than normal temperature, as shown in FIG.
- An explanation will be given by taking a spherical tank 101 for LNG provided in the LNG transport tanker 100A.
- the substance held at a temperature lower than normal temperature is described as being a fluid LNG.
- the present invention is not limited to this example, and may be a solid, for example.
- the LNG transport tanker 100A in the present embodiment is a tank independent tank type tanker, and includes a plurality of spherical tanks 101 (five in FIG. 1A in total).
- each spherical tank 101 includes a container main body 104, and the inside of the container main body 104 is an internal space (substance holding part) for storing (holding) liquefied natural gas (LNG). ing. Further, most of the spherical tank 101 is supported from the outside by the hull 102, and the upper part thereof is covered by the cover 103.
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- the container body 104 includes a container housing 106 and a heat insulating structure 105 that insulates the outer surface of the container housing 106.
- the container housing 106 is configured to hold a low-temperature substance stored at a temperature lower than normal temperature, such as LNG, and is made of a metal such as a stainless steel material or an aluminum alloy. Since the temperature of LNG is normally ⁇ 162 ° C., a specific container housing 106 may be made of an aluminum alloy having a thickness of about 50 mm. Further, the container housing 106 may be made of stainless steel having a thickness of about 5 mm.
- the heat insulation structure 105 should just be comprised at least using the vacuum heat insulating material mentioned later.
- the heat insulating structure 105 a multilayer structure in which a plurality of heat insulating layers are arranged outside the container housing 106 can be given.
- a vacuum heat insulating material should just be used for at least 1 layer among these some heat insulation layers.
- the heat insulation panel which constituted the heat insulation material in the shape of a panel can be mentioned, for example. Therefore, in this Embodiment, the vacuum heat insulating material mentioned later can also be used as a heat insulation panel.
- a heat insulating material that can be used as a heat insulating panel, in addition to a vacuum heat insulating material, a foamed resin-based heat insulating material such as styrene foam (polystyrene foam), polyurethane foam, and phenol foam, and glass wool filled in a heat insulating frame, And materials selected from inorganic heat insulating materials such as perlite.
- the heat insulating material may be composed of a known heat insulating material other than these.
- the shape of a heat insulation panel is not specifically limited, A square shape can be mentioned.
- the container body 104 is fixed to the hull 102 by a support body 107.
- the support 107 is generally called a skirt and has a thermal brake structure.
- the thermal brake structure is a structure in which, for example, stainless steel having a low thermal conductivity is inserted between an aluminum alloy and a low-temperature steel material, and intrusion heat can be reduced.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 As shown in FIG. 2, the vacuum heat insulating material 10 according to the present embodiment is enclosed in an envelope material (envelop material) 11 and a vacuum sealed state (substantially vacuum state) inside the envelope material 11.
- the inner member is a material that does not cause a chemical reaction accompanied by generation of hydrogen when the outer shell material 11 breaks (or breaks) and liquid water enters the inner member and comes into contact with the moisture. It is configured.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 which concerns on this Embodiment shall have the core material 12 and the adsorbent 13 as an internal member.
- the jacket material 11 is a bag-shaped member having gas barrier properties.
- two laminated sheets are opposed to each other and the periphery thereof is sealed to form a bag shape.
- the surrounding sealed portion is a state in which the core material 12 does not exist inside and the laminated sheets are in contact with each other, and the fin extending from the main body of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 toward the outer periphery. It is formed in a shape.
- the specific configuration of the laminated sheet is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a configuration in which three layers of a surface protective layer, a gas barrier layer, and a heat welding layer are laminated in this order.
- the surface protective layer includes a nylon film having a thickness of 35 ⁇ m
- the gas barrier layer includes an aluminum foil having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m
- the heat welding layer includes a low thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- a density polyethylene film is mentioned, it is not specifically limited to this structure.
- the covering material 11 a known configuration other than the laminated sheet can be adopted as long as it can exhibit gas barrier properties.
- the core material 12 is not particularly limited as long as it has a heat insulating property. Specific examples include known materials such as fiber materials and foam materials.
- inorganic fibers are used as the core material 12.
- the inorganic fiber may be a fiber made of an inorganic material, and specific examples include fibers selected from glass fibers, ceramic fibers, slag wool fibers, rock wool fibers, and the like.
- the core material 12 may be formed into a plate shape and used, in addition to these inorganic fibers, at least one of a known binder material and powder may be included. These materials contribute to improvement of physical properties such as strength, uniformity and rigidity of the core material 12.
- the core material 12 known fibers other than inorganic fibers may be used, but in the present embodiment, for example, as the inorganic fibers, glass fibers having an average fiber diameter in the range of 4 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m (fiber diameter is A comparatively thick glass fiber) is used, and this glass fiber is further baked and used. If the core material 12 is an inorganic fiber, a chemical reaction accompanied by the generation of hydrogen will not occur even if the jacket material 11 breaks and liquid water comes into contact. This is because the element bond in the glass is a covalent bond, so the bonding force between the elements is strong, and the chemical reaction is difficult even when exposed to moisture.
- the hydrogen generation amount per 1 g of the final product is not the hydrogen generation amount of each element constituting the material. What is necessary is just to be less than 80 mL.
- the method for measuring the amount of hydrogen generation per gram of glass fiber for example, that matches the gist of the present embodiment, is a method for measuring the amount of hydrogen generation in the glass fiber itself, not in the elements constituting the glass fiber.
- the hydrogen generation amount measured by the measurement method may be less than 80 mL.
- the material forming the internal member of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 has a covalent bond (chemical bond generated by sharing each other's electrons between coatoms). Since the bonding force is very strong, it is appropriate to measure the reaction with moisture in a final product such as a core material or an adsorbent. In addition to this, even if the material forming the inner member has an ionic bond (chemical bond due to electrostatic attraction between a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion), Since the binding force is strong, it is appropriate to measure the reaction with moisture in the final product such as a core material or an adsorbent.
- the bonding force is weak, so the metal element itself (element before alloying) contained in the final product, moisture, It is appropriate to measure the reaction of A metal atom emits several electrons to become a cation (a metal nucleus having a positive charge present at a lattice point of a metal crystal) and a free electron (having a negative charge spreading over the entire crystal).
- a bond in which free electrons move freely between the regularly arranged cations and is linked by a Coulomb force (electrostatic force, electrostatic attraction) acting between them is called a metal bond.
- the core material 12 when the reaction with moisture is measured in accordance with the bonding state of the material, the core material 12 is configured so that the hydrogen generation amount per 1 g is less than 80 mL.
- a highly reliable vacuum heat insulating material 10 can be realized.
- the core material 12 by using inorganic fibers as the core material 12, it is possible to reduce a decrease in the degree of vacuum due to the release of residual gas from the components of the core material 12 inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10. Furthermore, if the core material 12 is an inorganic fiber, the water absorption (hygroscopicity) of the core material 12 becomes low, so that the moisture content inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10 can be kept low.
- the core material 12 does not swell greatly even when the jacket material 11 is broken, and the shape as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 can be maintained.
- the swelling at the time of bag breaking can be 3 to 10 times that before bag breaking, although it depends on various conditions.
- swelling at the time of a bag breaking can be suppressed to less than 3 times by baking the inorganic fiber and forming the core material 12.
- the inorganic fibers to be the core material 12 by subjecting the inorganic fibers to be the core material 12 to a baking treatment, not only can the occurrence of hydrogen be avoided, but also the expansion during bag breaking can be effectively suppressed, and the dimensional stability of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 (In other words, the shape retention of the heat insulating structure 105) can be improved.
- the core material 12 is a fiber material and does not use a binder containing an organic material. If it is made of a material, the core material 12 is fired if the thickness of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 before breaking the bag is less than three times the thickness after breaking the bag. It can be considered that processing is being performed. This is because a restoring force acts only by compressing the core material 12, and therefore plastic deformation by firing is indispensable for improving shape retention.
- the firing condition of the inorganic fiber is not particularly limited, and various known conditions can be suitably used.
- baking of inorganic fiber is a preferable process in this Embodiment, it is not an essential process.
- thermosetting foams examples include thermosetting foams.
- the thermosetting foam should just be formed by foaming a thermosetting resin or the resin composition (thermosetting resin composition) containing this with a well-known method.
- the thermosetting resin include an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, a polyimide, and a polyurethane, but are not particularly limited to these examples.
- the foaming method is not particularly limited, and the foaming may be performed under a known condition using a known foaming agent.
- the core material 12 is composed of a thermosetting foam, a chemical reaction involving hydrogen does not occur even when the jacket material 11 breaks and liquid water comes into contact, as with inorganic fibers. . Moreover, since the thermosetting foam is superior in moldability to inorganic fibers, it can contribute to the improvement of physical properties such as shape stability, strength, and rigidity as the core material 12.
- examples of materials that can be used as the core material 12 include known organic fibers (fibers made of organic materials). It is not limited.
- the adsorbent 13 includes a residual gas (including water vapor) released from the fine voids of the core material 12 after the core material 12 is sealed under reduced pressure inside the outer cover material 11, and a sealing portion. Adsorption and removal of outside air (including water vapor) that slightly enters from the air. Therefore, the adsorbent 13 only needs to be configured to be capable of adsorbing the gas (including water vapor) inside the jacket material 11, but in the present embodiment, as described later, the adsorbent 13 is in contact with moisture. In some cases, it is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen.
- the core material 12 and the adsorbent 13 are cited as the internal members of the vacuum heat insulating material 10, but other members other than the core material 12 and the adsorbent 13 may be included as the internal members. .
- the other internal members may be made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when in contact with moisture.
- the fiber material or foamed material used as the core material 12 generally does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with water.
- the material used as the adsorbent 13 may be one that comes into contact with water and generates hydrogen. This is because the adsorbent 13 is usually preferably a chemical adsorbent.
- a chemical adsorbent adsorbs a gas (gas) that is an adsorbate by a chemical adsorption action. For this reason, for example, even if various environmental factors such as a temperature rise occur and may have some influence on the chemical adsorbent, it is substantially prevented that the gas once adsorbed is re-released. Therefore, when handling flammable fuel as a retained substance, even if the chemical adsorbent adsorbs the flammable gas due to some influence, the gas is re-released due to the subsequent rise in temperature, etc. There is no. Therefore, the stability as the vacuum heat insulating material 10 can be improved.
- chemical adsorbents generally have a larger amount of gas adsorption per unit weight than physical adsorbents. Therefore, when comparing a physical adsorbent and a chemical adsorbent that can absorb the same amount of gas, the use of the chemical adsorbent can reduce the volume occupied by the adsorbent 13 in the vacuum heat insulating material 10. There is also an advantage of being able to.
- the chemically adsorbable material capable of generating hydrogen is in a state of being hermetically held inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10, it cannot substantially react with a large amount of moisture at a time. Even if water vapor exists inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10 and this water vapor is adsorbed by a chemical adsorption material capable of generating hydrogen, the amount of hydrogen generated is very small. Therefore, if the adsorbent 13 is used in combination with a material capable of adsorbing hydrogen in addition to the chemical adsorbable material capable of generating hydrogen, the gas inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10 can be adsorbed satisfactorily by the adsorbent 13. Can do.
- the internal member of the vacuum heat insulating material 10, particularly the adsorbent 13 does not substantially generate hydrogen even when it comes into contact with water (hydrogen generation even when it comes into contact with liquid water). Is avoided or suppressed).
- the jacket material 11 is broken, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of hydrogen itself in the vacuum heat insulating material 10. Therefore, even when the vacuum heat insulating material 10 used for the spherical tank 101 breaks and liquid water comes into contact with the internal member, the influence exerted on the stored low-temperature substance such as LNG is avoided. Or it becomes possible to suppress.
- the material used for the adsorbent 13 that does not substantially generate hydrogen when contacted with water is not specifically limited.
- an element material for forming the adsorbent 13 (1) water and A material that does not react chemically, (2) a material that generates less than 80 mL of hydrogen per gram when chemically reacted with water, and (3) a material that has a standard electrode potential of ⁇ 2.0 V or more. Of these, those satisfying at least one of the conditions may be used.
- a physical adsorbent As a material that does not chemically react with water, a physical adsorbent can be mentioned.
- Representative physical adsorbents include, for example, materials selected from zeolite, activated carbon, silica gel, diatomaceous earth, and the like. Only one kind of these physical adsorbents may be used, or two or more kinds may be selected and used in combination.
- ZSM-5 type zeolite is a gas adsorbent having a chemical adsorption action (that is, a chemical adsorbent), but does not generate hydrogen by contact with water. It can be suitably used as a material satisfying the above.
- the ZSM-5 type zeolite is “copper ion exchanged ZSM-5 type zeolite” in which copper ions are introduced by ion exchange, not only water vapor but also adsorption characteristics of nitrogen and the like can be improved. For this reason, it can use suitably as the adsorbent 13 which satisfy
- a material that generates less than 80 mL of hydrogen per gram when chemically reacted with water is a material that chemically reacts with water, or a material that can chemically react with water depending on conditions. Any material may be used as long as the hydrogen generation amount per 1 g derived from the chemical reaction formula is less than 80 mL. If the amount of hydrogen generated per gram of material is less than 80 mL, even if the internal volume of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is taken into consideration, before the hydrogen escapes from the broken bag part, It can be determined that the situation of accumulation is substantially avoided. Therefore, even when moisture contacts the material, it can be considered that hydrogen is not generated.
- the element material in the present embodiment refers to the element itself when the element component contained in the adsorbent is specified.
- an alloy may be used as the adsorbent.
- the metal bond of the alloy has a weak bond between elements, a chemical reaction with water is easily performed. Therefore, conditions for such materials composed of metal bonds are determined by the amount of hydrogen generated when the amount of hydrogen generated per gram is measured as an elemental material, not an alloy. Therefore, in other words, the condition (2) described above in the present embodiment can be said to be a condition in which the hydrogen generation amount per 1 g of the elemental material constituting the adsorbent 13 is less than 80 mL.
- a material having a standard electrode potential of ⁇ 2.0 V or more is an electrode potential in a standard state in an electrochemical reaction, and the electrode potential when the standard hydrogen electrode is a reference ( ⁇ 0 V). Any material that is ⁇ 2.0 V or higher may be used. If a material with a standard electrode potential of ⁇ 2.0 V or more is judged to have little chemical reaction with water under normal temperature conditions, such a material generates hydrogen even when in contact with moisture. Will not be accompanied.
- a metal material having a large ionization tendency As a material capable of chemically reacting with water, typically, a metal material having a large ionization tendency can be exemplified.
- a metal material having a large ionization tendency has a high standard electrode potential, and a hydrogen generation amount per gram is 80 mL or more. Therefore, such a metal material is selected from the materials listed in the above (2) and (3). Excluded.
- a metal element of the periodic table group 1 (alkali metal) and a group of periodic table group 2 excluding Be are used.
- Metal elements (Mg and alkaline earth metals) can be mentioned. These metal elements can react with water under normal temperature conditions to generate hydrogen. Li, Cs, Rb, K, Ba, Sr, Ca, Na, and Mg (referred to as a first metal element group for convenience) that can be generally used as elements of Group 1 and Group 2 of the periodic table are described in this description.
- the standard electrode potential increases (that is, in this metal element group, the standard electrode potential of Li is the lowest and the standard electrode potential of Mg is the highest). Since the standard electrode potentials of these metal elements are both ⁇ 2.35 V or less, they deviate from the above condition (3).
- metal materials usually do not generate hydrogen even when they come into contact with water, but there are metal materials that cause a chemical reaction with hydrogen generation under chemically active conditions.
- a metal material can usually be used for the adsorbent 13 as a material that satisfies the above-described condition (2) or (3).
- Be, Al, Zr, Mn, Ta, Zn, Cr, Fe, Cd, Co, and Ni (referred to as a second metal element group for convenience) have a higher standard electrode potential in this order. (That is, in this second metal element group, the standard electrode potential of Be is the lowest and the standard electrode potential of Ni is the highest).
- the standard electrode potentials of the second metal element group are all ⁇ 2.0 V or more (for example, the lowest standard electrode potential of Be is ⁇ 1.9 V). Therefore, the metal material belonging to the second metal element group satisfies the condition (3) described above, and can be suitably used as the adsorbent 13.
- the hydrogen generation amount per gram exceeds 80 mL (for example, Cd having the lowest hydrogen generation amount). 200 g / g).
- the adsorbent 13 may become chemically active when the jacket material 11 breaks due to the use condition of the heat insulating container such as the spherical tank 101, the condition (3) described above is met. , (2) may be excluded as a material for the adsorbent 13.
- the metal material of the second metal element group satisfies the above-mentioned condition (2), basically, it can be suitably used as the adsorbent 13, but depending on the use conditions of the heat insulating container, the adsorbent 13 may not be used.
- Ni has the highest standard potential ( ⁇ 0.257 V), but any material having a standard electrode potential exceeding this can be used under chemically active conditions. It is determined that there is substantially no chemical reaction with water. Therefore, it is more preferable that the standard electrode potential of the material is ⁇ 0.26 V or more under the condition (3) described above.
- Examples of such a metal material include Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pd, Ir, Pt, and Au.
- third metal element group Since these metal element groups (referred to as “third metal element group” for convenience) have a higher standard electrode potential in the order of description, Sn has the highest standard electrode potential in this third metal element group. Low (-0.1315V). In addition, Sn and Pb have a lower standard electrode potential than the standard hydrogen electrode ( ⁇ 0 V) (the standard electrode potential of Pb is -0.1263 V), so in theory, hydrogen can be generated by a chemical reaction with water. There is sex. However, if the standard electrode potential is ⁇ 0.26 V or more, even if it is in a chemically active state, the difference from the potential of the standard hydrogen electrode is sufficiently small, so it is determined that it does not substantially react with water. Therefore, it can be said that the third metal element group is a material that satisfies the above-described condition (3) and satisfies the condition (1).
- a metal element is exemplified as an example of a material that satisfies the conditions (1) to (3).
- the present invention is of course not limited thereto, and (1) to (3) A metal element compound or a nonmetal element compound (organic compound) may be used as long as at least one of the conditions is satisfied.
- the usage state of the material used as the adsorbent 13 is not particularly limited, and various known states such as particulate (powder), block (tablet), and sheet can be employed.
- various known states such as particulate (powder), block (tablet), and sheet can be employed.
- particles if the surface area is large as in the case of a porous body, the amount of adsorption increases, which is preferable. Therefore, (i) 80% by volume or more of particles having a particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 1400 ⁇ m is included.
- the average particle size is in the range of 0.01 to 1400 ⁇ m
- the density is in the range of 0.2 to 1.4 g / mL
- the specific surface area is 200. of in the range of ⁇ 2000 m 2 / g, of the four, it satisfies at least one condition. It is preferable that all conditions are satisfied.
- the density is a condition that the density of the adsorbent is within the above range.
- the adsorbent is a powder
- the bulk density is within a predetermined range.
- the bulk density is a value obtained by filling the powder in a container with a known volume and dividing the mass of the powder by the volume including the space between the particles.
- a funnel can be installed at the opening of a 500 ml graduated cylinder, the adsorbent can be filled up to 100 ml from the top, and the weight of the filled adsorbent can be divided by 100.
- tapping is performed 20 times, and the value obtained by dividing the adsorbent weight by the volume after the tap is also regarded as the bulk density.
- the specific surface area can be calculated from the amount of adsorption and desorption isotherm measured by a constant volume method by adsorbing molecules having a known adsorption occupation area on the surface of the powder particles.
- liquid nitrogen is adsorbed and measured by a commercially available BET specific surface area measuring device using the principle described above.
- the physical adsorbent when a physical adsorbent is used as the adsorbent 13, generally, the physical adsorbent has a smaller amount of adsorbate adsorbed per unit weight than the chemical adsorbent, so from the viewpoint of improving the adsorption performance, It is sufficient that at least one of the above four conditions is satisfied. It is preferable that all the conditions (i) to (iv) described above are satisfied. Further, even when a chemical adsorbent is used as the adsorbent 13, as long as the chemical adsorbent is in the form of particles, it is sufficient that at least one of the above four conditions is satisfied. It is preferable that all the conditions (i) to (iv) described above are satisfied.
- condition (i), that is, the range of 80% by volume or more of all particles is more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 60 ⁇ m.
- condition (ii), that is, the average particle diameter is more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the condition (iv), that is, the specific surface area is more preferably in the range of 200 to 800 m 2 / g.
- the shape of the adsorbent 13 is (I) a thickness of 60% or less of the thickness T1 (unit: mm) of the vacuum heat insulating material 10.
- the shape having T2 (unit: mm) (see FIG. 2), or (II) the ratio of the cross-sectional area CS (unit: mm 2 ) of the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction to the thickness T2 (unit: mm) , T2: CS 1: 100 to 1: 250.
- the thickness T2 of the adsorbent 13 exceeds 60% of the thickness T1 of the vacuum heat insulating material 10, the adsorbent 13 is interposed in the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material 10. Increased heat transfer. Further, from the viewpoint of more effectively suppressing the heat transfer through the adsorbent 13, the thickness T2 of the adsorbent 13 is more preferably 50% or less of the thickness T1 of the vacuum heat insulating material 10.
- the upper and lower surfaces in the thickness direction are set as the heat insulating member. It is preferable to laminate or coat with.
- the upper and lower surfaces of the adsorbent 13 can be covered with inorganic fibers similar to the core material 12 or a nonwoven fabric of inorganic fibers (for example, glass cloth).
- the upper and lower surfaces of the adsorbent 13 can be covered with a highly heat-conductive material.
- the heat reaching the adsorbent 13 is released to the surrounding core material 12 by the carbon sheet, and as a result, the heat insulating property of the adsorbent 13 is improved. can do.
- the units of the thickness T1 of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 and the thickness T2 of the adsorbent 13 are both (mm), and the unit of the cross-sectional area CS of the adsorbent 13 is (mm 2 ).
- the type of unit is not particularly limited as long as the ratio of thickness or the ratio of thickness to cross-sectional area is within the range of (I) or (II) described above.
- the adsorbent 13 By using the adsorbent 13 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to maintain the degree of vacuum (depressurized state) inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10 and to suppress the possibility of deterioration of the core material due to water vapor or the like.
- the adsorption by the chemical adsorbent is stronger than the physical adsorption and is generally irreversible adsorption, so that the water once adsorbed hardly desorbs. Therefore, a chemical adsorbent can be suitably used as the adsorbent 13 of the vacuum heat insulating material 10.
- the vacuum heat insulating material used for the heat insulating container And an internal member enclosed in a vacuum-sealed state inside the jacket material.
- the inner member is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with moisture when the outer jacket material breaks and liquid water enters inside.
- the LNG transport tanker is illustrated as an example of the heat insulating container.
- the present invention is not limited to this example.
- the present invention is a hydrogen transport tanker that similarly stores hydrogen that is at room temperature or lower in a liquid state.
- the same effect as this embodiment can be obtained.
- the spherical tank 101 provided in the LNG transport tanker 100A shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B is illustrated as a typical example of the heat insulating container.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the case where the inboard tank 110 for LNG provided in the membrane type LNG transport tanker 100B is described. To do.
- the LNG transport tanker 100B in the present embodiment is a membrane type tanker, and includes a plurality of inboard tanks 110 (four in total in FIG. 3A).
- the plurality of inboard tanks 110 are arranged in a line along the longitudinal direction of the hull 111.
- each inboard tank 110 is an internal space (substance holding part) in which LNG is stored (held). Further, most of the inboard tank 110 is externally supported by the hull 111, and the upper part thereof is sealed by the deck 112.
- a primary membrane 113 On the inner surface of the inboard tank 110, as shown in FIG. 3B, a primary membrane 113, a primary heat insulation box 114, a secondary membrane 115, and a secondary heat insulation box 116 are laminated in this order from the inside to the outside. Yes.
- a double “heat insulation tank structure” (or heat insulation structure) is formed on the inner surface of the inboard tank 110.
- the “heat insulation tank structure” here refers to a structure composed of a layer of heat insulating material (heat insulating material) (heat insulating layer) and a metal membrane.
- the primary membrane 113 and the primary heat insulation box 114 constitute an inner “heat insulation tank structure” (primary heat insulation structure), and the secondary membrane 115 and the secondary heat insulation box 116 constitute an outer “heat insulation tank structure” (secondary heat insulation structure). ) Is configured.
- the heat insulating layer prevents (or suppresses) heat from entering the internal space from the outside of the inboard tank 110.
- the primary heat insulating box 114 and the secondary heat insulating box 116 are used. .
- the primary heat insulation box 114 and the secondary heat insulation box 116 function as a heat insulation structure.
- the primary heat insulation box 114 and the secondary heat insulation box 116 are not particularly limited as long as the heat insulation is accommodated in the heat insulation box.
- the primary heat insulation box 114 and the secondary heat insulation box 116 can be configured as a structure (integrated heat insulation box) in which a plurality of heat insulation boxes containing heat insulation materials are integrated.
- a powder heat insulating material is accommodated in the primary heat insulating box 114 and the secondary heat insulating box 116.
- the powder heat insulating material include pearlite which is an inorganic foam material, but the type of the powder heat insulating material is not limited to pearlite.
- it may be a heat insulating material made of a foamed resin material selected from styrene foam (polystyrene foam), polyurethane foam, and phenol foam, or may be an inorganic fiber such as glass wool instead of a foam material.
- Other known heat insulating materials may be used.
- the powder heat insulating material may be a heat insulating panel formed in a panel shape instead of a powder shape.
- a foam such as pearlite is used as a powder heat insulating material.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is provided on the bottom surface of the secondary heat insulating box 116.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 is a heat insulating material having a lower thermal conductivity ⁇ than a powder heat insulating material (a heat insulating material having excellent heat insulating performance). Therefore, by providing the vacuum heat insulating material 10 on the outer side of the secondary heat insulating box 116 positioned outside as the heat insulating layer, heat transfer from the outside can be suppressed or prevented, and internal cold heat (cold air) leaks to the outside. This can also be suppressed or prevented.
- the membrane functions as a “tank” for holding LNG from leaking in the internal space, and is used by being coated on a heat insulating material.
- a primary membrane 113 covered on (inside) the primary heat insulating box 114 and a secondary membrane 115 covered on (inside) the secondary heat insulating box 116 are used.
- the primary membrane 113 constitutes an inner tank of the heat insulating container
- the secondary membrane 115 constitutes an intermediate tank of the heat insulating container
- the hull 111 constitutes an outer tank of the heat insulating container.
- metal films such as stainless steel or invar (nickel steel containing 36% nickel), are mentioned.
- the primary membrane 113 and the secondary membrane 115 are members that prevent LNG from leaking out, but do not have strength to maintain the structure of the inboard tank 110.
- the structure of the inboard tank 110 is supported by the hull 111 (and the deck 112).
- leakage of LNG from the inboard tank 110 is prevented by the primary membrane 113 and the secondary membrane 115, and the load of LNG is supported by the hull 111 via the primary insulation box 114 and the secondary insulation box 116.
- the hull 111 is an outer tank and constitutes a “container housing”.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 provided in the secondary heat insulating box 116 has its internal member, for example, the adsorbent 13 when liquid water enters inside due to the bag breakage of the outer cover material 11. It is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with moisture. Thereby, even if the jacket material 11 breaks and water as a liquid enters the inside of the vacuum heat insulating material 10, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of hydrogen itself inside the vacuum heat insulating material 10. And the effect on the stored LNG can be avoided or suppressed.
- the heat insulating container according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment is a spherical tank 101 provided in the LNG transport tanker 100A or an inboard tank 110 provided in the LNG transport tanker 100B.
- the heat insulating container of the present invention is not limited to these, and may be, for example, an LNG tank installed on land. In the third embodiment, such an LNG tank will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- FIG. 4 shows a ground type LNG tank 120.
- This ground-type LNG tank 120 includes a spherical container body 124 as a tank body, similar to the spherical tank 101 of the first embodiment.
- the container body 124 is grounded by a support structure 121.
- the support structure 121 includes a plurality of support columns 122 provided in the vertical direction on the ground 50 and braces 123 provided between the support columns 122, but is not particularly limited to this configuration.
- the container main body 124 includes a container casing 126 that holds a low-temperature substance, and a heat insulating structure 125 provided outside the container casing 126.
- the specific configurations of the container housing 126 and the heat insulating structure 125 are as described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and particularly as the heat insulating structure 125, the first embodiment.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when the internal member comes into contact with moisture is preferably used.
- FIG. 5 shows an underground LNG tank 130.
- This underground LNG tank 130 is provided with a cylindrical container main body 134 inside a concrete structure 131 embedded in the ground 50.
- the container main body 134 includes a container casing 136 for holding a cryogenic substance, And a heat insulating structure 135 provided outside the container housing 136.
- the concrete structure 131 is made of prestressed concrete, for example, and is installed in the ground so that most of the concrete structure 131 is below the ground 50.
- the concrete structure 131 is a support that supports the structure of the tank main body of the underground LNG tank 130, and also functions as a barrier that prevents leakage of LNG in the event of a possible damage to the tank main body.
- a roof portion 132 separate from the container main body 134 is provided in the upper opening of the container main body 134.
- the upper surface of the roof part 132 is a convex curved surface, and the lower surface is a flat surface.
- a heat insulating structure 135 is provided on the outside of the roof portion 132 in the same manner as the container main body 134, and a fibrous heat insulating material 133 is provided in the inside thereof.
- this fibrous heat insulating material 133 the inorganic fiber used as the core material 12 of the vacuum heat insulating material 10 can be mentioned, for example.
- the specific configurations of the container housing 136 and the heat insulating structure 135 are as described in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and particularly as the heat insulating structure 135, the first embodiment.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when the internal member comes into contact with moisture is preferably used.
- both the above ground type LNG tank 120 and the underground type LNG tank 130 are heat insulating containers installed outdoors, they are used in an environment where they can be exposed to liquid water such as rainwater. Further, in the case of the underground LNG tank 130, a possibility of contact with groundwater is also assumed.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 provided in the heat insulating structures 125 and 135 has the internal member, for example, the adsorbent 13, the outer cover material 11 ruptured, and liquid water has entered inside. Sometimes it is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with moisture.
- the low temperature substance held in the heat insulating container is LNG.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the low-temperature substance may be a substance that can be stored at a temperature lower than room temperature, and preferably a substance that is held at a temperature lower by 100 ° C. than normal temperature.
- hydrogen gas is exemplified as a low-temperature substance other than LNG. An example of a hydrogen tank that liquefies and holds hydrogen gas will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
- the hydrogen tank 140 is a container type, and basically, the spherical tank 101 described in the first embodiment, or the third embodiment. It has the same configuration as the above-ground LNG tank 120 described in the embodiment. That is, the hydrogen tank 140 is provided with a container main body 144 that is a tank main body in a frame-shaped support body 141.
- the container main body 144 includes a container casing 146 that holds a low-temperature substance, and the container casing 146.
- a heat insulating structure 145 provided on the outside of the.
- the specific configurations of the container housing 146 and the heat insulating structure 145 are as described in the first to third embodiments.
- the heat insulating structure 145 is the first embodiment.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when the internal member comes into contact with moisture is preferably used.
- liquefied hydrogen is an extremely low temperature liquid of ⁇ 253 ° C., and is about 10 times easier to evaporate than LNG. Therefore, in order to obtain an evaporation loss level equivalent to that of LNG for liquefied hydrogen, it is necessary to further improve the heat insulating performance (small thermal conductivity) of the heat insulating material.
- the heat insulating structure 145 similar to the configuration described in the first to third embodiments is used, the hydrogen tank 140 is further increased in heat insulation. Can be achieved.
- the hydrogen tank 140 is a container type, it is assumed that the hydrogen tank 140 is placed in a place exposed to wind and rain, or transported in an environment exposed to wind and rain.
- the transportation means is not limited to a land transportation means such as a truck or a railway, but a sea transportation means such as a ship is also assumed. Therefore, the hydrogen tank 140 is used in an environment that can be exposed to seawater as well as rainwater.
- the vacuum heat insulating material 10 provided in the heat insulating structure 145 has its internal member, for example, the adsorbent 13, when the outer cover material 11 breaks and liquid water enters the inside.
- it is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with moisture.
- the low-temperature substance held in the heat insulating container is not limited to LNG or liquefied hydrogen, and is a substance stored at a temperature lower than normal temperature (preferably, fluidized at a temperature lower by 100 ° C. or higher than normal temperature).
- a fluid having a property may include liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), other hydrocarbon gases, or combustible gases containing these.
- the heat insulating container to which the present invention is applicable may be a cryopreservation container used for medical or industrial purposes.
- the normal temperature may be within a range of 20 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. (within a range of 15 ° C. to 25 ° C.).
- the heat insulating container is a heat insulating container used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid moisture, and includes a container main body having a substance holding portion for holding a substance at a temperature lower than normal temperature. And a heat insulating structure provided with at least a vacuum heat insulating material. And the vacuum heat insulating material has a jacket material and an internal member enclosed in a vacuum sealed state inside the jacket material. The internal member is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with liquid moisture.
- the internal member is a material that does not substantially generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with the moisture of the liquid, in the unlikely event that the jacket material is broken, the water as the liquid is vacuum insulating material. Even if it enters the inside, it can be avoided that hydrogen is generated inside the vacuum heat insulating material. Therefore, in an insulated container used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid moisture, even if the vacuum insulation used in the insulated container breaks and liquid water comes into contact with the internal member, it is stored. The influence exerted on the low-temperature substance can be avoided or suppressed.
- the adsorbent that is the internal member is a chemical adsorbent
- the chemical adsorbent undergoes an adsorption reaction with liquid water
- moisture ie, water vapor
- the internal member of the vacuum heat insulating material is a core material having heat insulating properties, and an adsorbent capable of adsorbing gas inside the jacket material. It may be the composition which includes.
- the core member and the adsorbent which are internal members, can be formed of a material that does not generate hydrogen when in contact with moisture. Even in the case of contact with the water, it is possible to avoid or suppress the influence exerted on the stored low-temperature substance.
- a material that does not chemically react with water a hydrogen generation amount per gram of less than 80 mL when chemically reacted with water
- a configuration in which at least one of a certain material and a material having a standard electrode potential of ⁇ 2.0 V or more is used may be used.
- any material that satisfies any of the above-described conditions can be regarded as a material that is substantially free of hydrogen generation when in contact with moisture.
- the influence exerted on the stored low-temperature substance can be avoided or suppressed.
- the adsorbent includes (1) 80% by volume or more of a particle having a particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 1400 ⁇ m. (2) Average The particle size is in the range of 0.01 to 1400 ⁇ m, (3) the density is in the range of 0.2 to 1.4 g / mL, and (4) the specific surface area is in the range of 200 to 2000 m 2 / g. It is possible to have a configuration that satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
- the adsorbent has a shape having a thickness of 60% or less of the thickness of the vacuum heat insulating material, or the thickness thereof (for example, unit: mm).
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area (for example, unit: mm 2 ) to the shape in the range of 1: 100 to 1: 250 may be processed.
- the heat insulating member may be laminated or coated on the upper and lower surfaces of the adsorbent in the thickness direction of the vacuum heat insulating material.
- the core material may be composed of inorganic fibers or a thermosetting foam.
- the core material when the core material is substantially in contact with moisture, the material does not generate hydrogen, so that the vacuum heat insulating material breaks and liquid water comes into contact with the internal member.
- the influence exerted on the stored low-temperature substance can be avoided or suppressed.
- the substance may be a combustible liquefied gas that is 100 ° C. lower than normal temperature.
- the low-temperature substance to be stored is a flammable liquefied gas
- the influence exerted on the stored liquefied gas is avoided or suppressed, thereby improving the storability of the liquefied gas. be able to.
- the substance may be hydrogen.
- the low-temperature substance to be stored is liquid hydrogen or liquid hydrogen coexisting with hydrogen gas, the influence exerted on the stored liquid hydrogen or the like is avoided or suppressed, The storage property of hydrogen gas can be improved.
- the present invention also includes a vacuum heat insulating material used for the heat insulating container having the structure.
- the vacuum heat insulating material according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is a vacuum heat insulating material applied to a heat insulating container used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid water, and holds a substance at a temperature lower than normal temperature.
- It is a vacuum heat insulating material used for a heat insulating container provided with a container main body having a substance holding portion inside and a heat insulating structure provided at least with a vacuum heat insulating material.
- it has the jacket material and the internal member enclosed by the inside of a jacket material in the pressure reduction sealing state.
- the internal member is made of a material that does not generate hydrogen when it comes into contact with liquid moisture.
- the tanker according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention includes the heat insulating container having the above-described configuration, and the substance is liquefied natural gas or hydrogen.
- the present invention when the internal member of the vacuum heat insulating material reacts with moisture, attention is given to hydrogen generation that is considered to be dangerous as an effect on the stored low-temperature substance, and hydrogen generation By suppressing the ignition by, it becomes possible to greatly improve the reliability of the heat insulating container provided with the vacuum heat insulating material. Therefore, the present invention is used in an environment that can be exposed to liquid water, and holds a substance at a temperature lower than room temperature, and a heat insulating container equipped with a vacuum heat insulating material, and a vacuum heat insulating material used for the heat insulating container, In addition, it can be suitably used widely in the field of tanker heat insulation containers equipped with this heat insulation container, and is useful.
- Vacuum insulation material 11 Jacket material (wrapping material) 12 Core material 13 Adsorbent 50 Ground 100A, 100B LNG transport tanker 101 Spherical tank (insulated container) 102 Hull 103 Cover 104, 124, 134, 144 Container body 105, 125, 135, 145 Thermal insulation structure 106, 126, 136, 146 Container housing 107 Support body 110 Inboard tank (thermal insulation container) 111 Hull 112 Deck 113 Primary membrane (inner tank) 114 Primary insulation box 115 Secondary membrane (intermediate tank) 116 Secondary heat insulation box 120 Ground type LNG tank (heat insulation container) 121 support structure 122 support 123 brace 130 underground LNG tank (insulated container) 131 Concrete structure 132 Roof part 133 Fibrous heat insulating material 140 Hydrogen tank (heat insulating container) 141 Support
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Abstract
Description
[断熱容器]
まず、本発明の第1の実施の形態について説明する。
次に、断熱構造体105に用いられる真空断熱材の代表的な一例について、図2を参照して具体的に説明する。
真空断熱材10の内部部材のうち、芯材12として用いられる、繊維材料または発泡材料は、一般的に、水に接触した場合に水素を発生しないものである。しかしながら、吸着剤13として用いられる材料には、水に接触して水素の発生を伴うものが用いられる場合がある。これは、吸着剤13としては、通常、化学吸着剤が好ましいとされているためである。
次に、本発明の第2の実施の形態について説明する。
次に、本発明の第3の実施の形態について説明する。
次に、本発明の第4の実施の形態について説明する。
11 外被材(外包材)
12 芯材
13 吸着剤
50 地面
100A,100B LNG輸送タンカー
101 球形タンク(断熱容器)
102 船体
103 カバー
104,124,134,144 容器本体
105,125,135,145 断熱構造体
106,126,136,146 容器筐体
107 支持体
110 船内タンク(断熱容器)
111 船体
112 デッキ
113 一次メンブレン(容器中槽)
114 一次断熱箱
115 二次メンブレン(中間槽)
116 二次断熱箱
120 地上式LNGタンク(断熱容器)
121 支持構造部
122 支柱
123 ブレース
130 地下式LNGタンク(断熱容器)
131 コンクリート構造体
132 屋根部
133 繊維状断熱材
140 水素タンク(断熱容器)
141 支持体
Claims (11)
- 液体の水分に曝露され得る環境下で用いられる断熱容器であって、
常温を下回る温度で物質を保持する物質保持部を内部に有する容器本体と、前記容器本体に設けられ、少なくとも真空断熱材を用いた断熱構造体と、を備え、
前記真空断熱材は、外被材と、前記外被材の内部に減圧密閉状態で封入される内部部材と、を有し、
前記内部部材は、前記液体の水分に接触した場合に水素を発生しない材料で構成されている、
断熱容器。 - 前記真空断熱材が有する前記内部部材は、断熱性を有する芯材、および、前記外被材の内部のガスを吸着可能とする吸着剤を含む、
請求項1に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記吸着剤を形成する元素材料として、水と化学反応しない材料、水と化学反応したときに1g当たりの水素発生量が80mL未満である材料、および、標準電極電位が-2.0V以上である材料のうち、少なくともいずれかの材料が用いられる
請求項2に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記吸着剤は、
(1) 粒径が0.01~1400μmの範囲内のものを80体積%以上含む、
(2) 平均粒径が0.01~1400μmの範囲内である、
(3) 密度が0.2~1.4g/mLの範囲内である、および、
(4) 比表面積が200~2000m2 /gの範囲内である粒子状である、
のうち、少なくともいずれかの条件を満たす
請求項2または請求項3に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記吸着剤は、前記真空断熱材の厚さの60%以下の厚さを有する形状、または、その厚さに対する断面積の比が、1:100~1:250の範囲内にある形状に加工されている、
請求項2から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記吸着剤における、前記真空断熱材の厚さ方向の上下の面には、断熱部材が積層または被覆されている
請求項5に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記芯材は、無機繊維、または、熱硬化性発泡体で構成される、
請求項2から請求項6までのいずれか1項に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記物質が、常温よりも100℃以上低い可燃性の液化ガスである
請求項1から請求項7までのいずれか1項に記載の断熱容器。 - 前記物質が、水素である
請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか1項に記載の断熱容器。 - 液体の水に曝露され得る環境下で用いられる断熱容器に適用される真空断熱材であって、
常温を下回る温度で物質を保持する物質保持部を内部に有する容器本体と、前記容器本体に設けられ、少なくとも真空断熱材を用いた断熱構造体と、を備えた断熱容器に用いられる真空断熱材であって、
外被材と、前記外被材の内部に減圧密閉状態で封入される内部部材と、を備え、
前記内部部材は、液体の水分に接触した場合に水素を発生しない材料で構成されている
真空断熱材。 - 請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか1項に記載の断熱容器を備えるとともに、
前記物質が、液化天然ガスまたは水素である
タンカー。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2016565918A JP6600822B2 (ja) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-22 | 真空断熱材を備えた断熱容器および真空断熱材、ならびに、断熱容器を備えたタンカー |
US15/504,738 US10208886B2 (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-22 | Heat-insulating container provided with vacuum heat-insulating material, vacuum heat-insulating material, and tanker provided with heat-insulating container |
CN201580044602.XA CN106574745B (zh) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-22 | 具有真空隔热件的隔热容器和真空隔热件,以及具有隔热容器的船 |
EP15872251.2A EP3239589A4 (en) | 2014-12-26 | 2015-12-22 | Heat-insulating container provided with vacuum heat-insulating material, vacuum heat-insulating material, and tanker provided with heat-insulating container |
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US (1) | US10208886B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3239589A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6600822B2 (ja) |
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Cited By (1)
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JP2018119634A (ja) * | 2017-01-26 | 2018-08-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 液化ガス貯蔵タンクの断熱構造 |
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WO2019078048A1 (ja) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-25 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 二重殻タンクおよび船舶 |
JPWO2019124284A1 (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-12-17 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 真空断熱材を備えた断熱構造体、ならびに、それを用いた家電製品、住宅壁および輸送機器 |
JP7312815B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-05 | 2023-07-21 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 液化ガスタンクおよび液化ガス運搬船 |
CN111101631B (zh) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-01-04 | 甬港现代工程有限公司 | 建筑物屋顶控温装置 |
KR20240041146A (ko) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-29 | 울산과학기술원 | 액체수소의 저장 및 운송 시스템 |
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WO2012032786A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-03-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | シート状気体吸着剤およびこれを用いた断熱体 |
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JPH0867292A (ja) | 1994-06-24 | 1996-03-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 液化ガス運搬船の貨物タンク用内面断熱構造 |
EP2990712B1 (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2019-03-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Insulator including gas adsorbent |
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2015
- 2015-12-22 CN CN201580044602.XA patent/CN106574745B/zh active Active
- 2015-12-22 WO PCT/JP2015/006387 patent/WO2016103680A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-12-22 US US15/504,738 patent/US10208886B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-12-22 JP JP2016565918A patent/JP6600822B2/ja active Active
- 2015-12-22 EP EP15872251.2A patent/EP3239589A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2012032786A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-09 | 2012-03-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | シート状気体吸着剤およびこれを用いた断熱体 |
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Cited By (2)
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JP2018119634A (ja) * | 2017-01-26 | 2018-08-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 液化ガス貯蔵タンクの断熱構造 |
JP7000023B2 (ja) | 2017-01-26 | 2022-01-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 液化ガス貯蔵タンクの断熱構造 |
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EP3239589A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
US20170276286A1 (en) | 2017-09-28 |
JPWO2016103680A1 (ja) | 2017-10-05 |
CN106574745B (zh) | 2019-08-16 |
CN106574745A (zh) | 2017-04-19 |
JP6600822B2 (ja) | 2019-11-06 |
EP3239589A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US10208886B2 (en) | 2019-02-19 |
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