WO2016101387A1

WO2016101387A1 - Disturbance rock-breaking drill tool and disturbance rock-breaking well drilling method

Info

Publication number: WO2016101387A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/072117
Authority: WO
Inventors: 魏小梅; 杜林麟
Original assignee: 东方宝麟科技发展(北京)有限公司; 魏小梅
Priority date: 2014-12-26
Filing date: 2015-02-02
Publication date: 2016-06-30
Also published as: CN104594801B; CN104594801A

Abstract

Disclosed is a disturbance rock-breaking drill tool, comprising an anti-falling assembly (1), a motor assembly (2), a universal shaft assembly (3), a transmission shaft assembly (4) and a disturbance assembly (5). The anti-falling assembly (1) is connected to the motor assembly (2), the motor assembly (2) is connected to the universal shaft assembly (3), the universal shaft assembly (3) is connected to the transmission shaft assembly (4), the transmission shaft assembly (4) is connected to the disturbance assembly (5), and a lower end of the disturbance assembly (5) is connected to a drill bit. The transmission shaft assembly comprises a mandrel (4a), a lower TC outer barrel (4b), an upper gear (4c), a lower gear (4e) and a transfer rod. The lower end of a hollow transmission shaft (5a) of the disturbance assembly (5) is provided with an eccentric hole and the disturbance assembly is in a surface contact with a fixed valve (5b) provided on a disturbance shaft (5d). Further disclosed is a disturbance rock-breaking well-drilling method. According to the disturbance rock-breaking drill tool and the disturbance rock-breaking well-drilling method, the relative movement of a screw transmission shaft housing and a mandrel in the prior art is transformed into rotation of gears, so as to eventually achieve that the disturbance assembly generates a periodic water hammer force, and the impact forms a drilling pressure together with the gravity of the upper drilling tool assembly, thereby achieving "high stress and disturbance". The invention has advantages such as a high efficiency in rock breaking and a high mechanical drilling speed.

Description

Disturbed rock breaking tool and disturbing rock breaking drilling method

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of drilling engineering in oil and gas exploration and development, in particular to a disturbing rock breaking drilling tool and a disturbing rock breaking drilling method.

Background technique

Drilling engineering accounts for more than 50% of oil and gas development costs, with large investment and high risk. Improving drilling efficiency is the best way to reduce exploration and development costs, and it is also an important goal pursued by oil companies, drilling contractors and technical service companies. With the increasing proportion of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, easy-sloping wells, hard strata, horizontal wells and large-displacement wells in oil drilling, the conventional hard rotary drilling methods for hard and hard formations encountered in deep wells The rock-breaking effect is poor, the drilling efficiency is low, and the well inclination problem in deep wells is becoming more and more prominent. In horizontal wells and large-displacement drilling, with the increase of horizontal displacement, the pressure of horizontal wells is more difficult, and the damage of drilling tools is also More serious. In the past three or five years, increasing drilling speed and reducing drilling costs is one of the most demanding technologies in the petroleum engineering field.

At present, the improvement of rock breaking efficiency is mainly studied from three aspects: First, the mechanical high-efficiency rock breaking method. 1. New high-efficiency drill bit. In 2001, the BD536PDC drill bit produced by Hughesley Steinsen Company created a world record of 6994m drilling depth. 2. Rotary drilling tools, the use of rotary drilling technology to solve these problems at home and abroad are more important than ever, and put a lot of manpower and resources into the research. At present, the rotary drilling technology is not well controlled due to the quality of the impactor, and the life expectancy is not up to the required time. It cannot meet the needs of actual drilling and cannot be widely promoted. At present, Germany and the United States are still studying the application of this technology in ultra-deep wells. The United States and Germany jointly invested $7 million to study the application of rotary drilling technology in oil drilling, especially in ultra-deep wells. The impactor provides impact through the hammer. This principle of operation determines the difficulty of improving its quality. The second is the method of jet assisted drilling rock breaking. 1. Downhole booster pump, US S.D.Veenhuizen and other ultra-high pressure jets pressurized by the downhole booster pump up to 100MPa, increasing the mechanical drilling speed by 2 times, but the maximum working time is 50h, the key technical room pressure structure and service life. 2. The downhole booster device relies mainly on jet entrainment or resonant cavity feedback or the agitation of the annulus fluid pressure. The third is the method of increasing the rock breaking efficiency by reducing the pressure drop at the bottom of the well, such as air drilling technology.

Wei Xiaomei et al. introduced high-stress + dynamic disturbance rock breaking method into oil drilling, which is a method that utilizes deep stratum rock itself to be an energy storage body, and the rock belongs to a discontinuous phase, and crack propagation or rockburst occurs through external mechanical attraction. A very promising new method that is different from conventional drilling rock breaking. The practical engineering problem of "high stress + dynamic disturbance" is raised to the scientific level, that is, the mechanics of rock dynamic combination loading question. As a new research topic, the dynamic and static loading problem of rock was first proposed by Professor Li Xibing and Academician Gu Desheng at the 175 scientific conference in Xiangshan in 2002. However, since the dynamic and static combined loading problem has been in the initial development stage from the present to the present, while the dynamic and static combined loading experiment itself has many influencing factors, the research in this field is still in the ascendant. At present, many research results have been obtained in engineering applications, and have not been applied in drilling engineering, and it is worthwhile to continue to conduct in-depth exploration and research.

In fact, the deep formation rocks of oil drilling are already in a state of static stress or geostress before being subjected to the dynamic disturbance load. As long as the downhole power tool provides periodic disturbance power, it can cause sudden rock burst or induced cracking. . Obviously, this method is different from conventional drilling rock breaking, and it is different from rotating impact rock breaking, but a new high stress + dynamic disturbance rock breaking method.

The utility model relates to a power disturbing rock breaking drill, which comprises: a mandrel is arranged in the outer cylinder, the outer cylinder and the mandrel are connected by a spline; the turbine sleeve is arranged in the outer cylinder, and the upper end and the deflector are threaded Linked, a rubber seal is arranged in the annular groove of the middle portion, and the lower end is screwed with the upper end of the mandrel; the turbine is disposed inside the turbine sleeve, the turbine is fixed on the core of the deflector, and the lower end of the turbine is rotated and eccentric The valve piece is connected by screwing; the lower end surface of the rotary eccentric valve piece is in close contact with the upper end surface of the fixed eccentric valve piece, and the fixed eccentric valve piece is screwed with the upper end of the mandrel. During the drilling process, the drilling fluid rotates the turbine, and then the turbine drives the rotating valve piece to rotate, so that the effective flow area between the moving valve piece and the fixed valve piece changes periodically, thereby generating a water hammer force and forming a periodic soft change. The dynamic load, together with the static load generated by the weight of the drill, acts on the rock to achieve high stress disturbance rock breaking. When drilling horizontal or directional wells, it is still necessary to connect the screw drill to the upper part of the turbine-based power disturbance rock-breaking drill, which not only increases the length of the entire drill assembly, but also increases the difficulty of directional drilling of the screw drill.

Therefore, it is necessary to directly use the screw drilling tool to improve the power to achieve disturbance and rock breaking, that is, to develop a screw-based disturbing rock breaking tool and a disturbing rock breaking drilling method, which can not only provide the drilling wheel with the rotating energy required for rock breaking, but also The drill bit provides continuous periodic soft dynamic loads to increase rock breaking efficiency.

technical problem

The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art, and to provide a disturbing rock breaking tool and a disturbing rock breaking drilling method which can improve rock breaking efficiency and drilling machinery speed.

Technical solution

The present invention is implemented as follows:

The invention provides a disturbing rock breaking drill, comprising an anti-drop assembly, a motor assembly, a universal joint assembly, and a transmission a moving shaft assembly and a disturbance assembly, the anti-drop assembly is coupled to the motor assembly, the motor assembly is coupled to the cardan shaft assembly, and the cardan shaft assembly is coupled to the transmission shaft assembly The transmission shaft assembly is coupled to the disturbance assembly, and the lower end of the disturbance assembly is connected to a drill bit for drilling rock; the transmission shaft assembly includes a core shaft, a lower TC outer cylinder, an upper gear, a lower gear, and a transmission a rod, the lower TC outer cylinder is sleeved on an outer side of the mandrel, a lower end of the lower TC outer cylinder is located higher than a position of a lower end of the mandrel, and a lower end of the lower TC outer cylinder a ring gear is disposed, the upper gear is disposed between the lower end of the mandrel and the ring gear, and the lower gear is disposed at a lower end of the mandrel, and the upper gear and the lower gear pass between The transmission rod is connected; the disturbance assembly comprises a casing, a hollow transmission shaft, a disturbance shaft and a fixed valve, the casing is screwed to the mandrel, and the upper end of the hollow transmission shaft passes through the outer ring gear and the lower portion a gear connection, the lower end of the hollow drive shaft is provided with an eccentric hole, and is disposed on the disturbance The fixed valve is in surface contact, the outer casing is splined to the disturbance shaft, and the lower end surface of the outer casing, the disturbance shaft and the sealing cover on the step of the disturbance shaft form a sealed cavity A disc spring is disposed in the sealed cavity.

Further, the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft is coupled to the eccentric hole that moves in the axial direction by a spline.

Further, the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the eccentric hole are integrally connected by screwing.

Further, the disc spring is composed of 1-2 disc springs and 2-4 sets of stacks.

Further, a lower portion of the disturbance shaft is provided with a thread connected to the drill bit.

Further, the lower portion of the mandrel is integrally formed with the drill bit.

Further, an eccentric hole is disposed on the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the fixed valve.

Further, the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the fixed valve are provided with 2-4 equally spaced holes on the same circle radius.

The invention also provides a disturbing rock breaking drilling method for disturbing rock breaking drilling tools, comprising the following steps: Step 1: connecting the upper end of the disturbing rock breaking drilling tool with the conventional drilling tool through a threaded connection, and the lower end and the drill bit are screwed; Step 2: During normal drilling, the drilling fluid flows through the motor assembly 2 to drive its rotor to rotate, and the universal shaft assembly causes the mandrel in the transmission shaft assembly to rotate relative to the lower TC outer cylinder; forcing to be disposed at the lower end of the mandrel Between the ring gear of the lower TC outer cylinder, an upper gear is arranged to rotate in the mandrel; and a lower gear connected by the transmission rod is rotated;

Step 3: The rotating lower gear drives the outer ring gear of the upper end of the hollow transmission shaft to rotate, and the eccentric hole at the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the eccentric hole of the fixed valve disposed on the disturbance shaft are relatively moved to make two eccentricities The periodic interlacing and complete overlap of the holes, the effective flow area changes periodically, so that the water hammer phenomenon occurs in the upper part of the fixed valve, forming a cyclically varying water hammer force Ft=Asin(t);

Step 4: The water hammer force Ft is transmitted to the drill bit through the mandrel, and the gravity Fg generated by the weight of the drill assembly is transmitted to the drill bit through the outer casing, the disc spring and the mandrel, and the water hammer force F(t) and the gravity of the drill assembly Fg acts on the rock directly below the drill bit, and the deep formation rock under high stress state induces induced cracking or sudden rock burst under the periodic disturbance dynamic force of the dynamic and static combination.

Beneficial effect

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

The disturbing rock breaking drilling tool and the disturbing rock breaking drilling method provided by the invention are that the existing screw drive shaft shell and the mandrel are relatively moved, converted into gear rotation, and finally the disturbance assembly is generated to generate periodic water hammer force, and The gravity of the upper drilling assembly together forms the weight-on-bit, achieving "high stress + disturbance", which has the advantages of high rock breaking efficiency and high mechanical drilling speed.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any creative work.

1 is a schematic structural view of a disturbing rock breaking drill provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of a transmission shaft assembly and a disturbance assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the B-B of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 2;

6 is a schematic diagram showing the relative motion relationship between the eccentric hole of the air transmission shaft of the disturbance assembly and the eccentric hole of the fixed valve during the disturbance rock breaking drilling process;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the water hammer generated by the upper part of the fixed valve of the disturbance assembly during the disturbing rock drilling process;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the force acting on the rock directly below the drill bit when disturbing the rock drilling.

Embodiments of the invention

The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clarified in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is apparent that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a disturbing rock breaking drill including an anti-drop assembly 1, a motor assembly 2, a cardan shaft assembly 3, a transmission shaft assembly 4, and a disturbance assembly 5, The anti-drop assembly is coupled to the motor assembly, the motor assembly is coupled to the cardan shaft assembly, the cardan shaft assembly is coupled to the transmission shaft assembly 4, and the transmission shaft assembly 4 The disturbance assembly is coupled, and the lower end of the disturbance assembly is coupled to a drill bit for rock drilling.

1 to 8, the transmission shaft assembly includes a core shaft 4a, a lower TC outer cylinder 4b, an upper gear 4c, a lower gear 4e, and a transmission rod. The lower TC outer cylinder 4b is sleeved on the outer side of the mandrel, the lower end of the lower TC outer cylinder 4b is located higher than the position of the lower end of the mandrel 4a, and the lower TC outer cylinder 4b a lower end of the mandrel 4a is disposed between the lower end of the mandrel 4a and the ring gear, the lower gear 4e is disposed at a lower end of the mandrel 4a, and the upper gear 4c is The lower gears 4e are connected by the transmission rod 4d.

1 to 8, the disturbance assembly 5 includes a casing 5c, a hollow transmission shaft 5a, a disturbance shaft 5d, and a fixed valve 5b. The outer casing 5c is screwed to the mandrel 4a, and the upper end of the hollow transmission shaft 5a is connected to the lower gear 4e via an outer ring gear. The lower end of the hollow transmission shaft 5a is provided with an eccentric hole, and is disposed at The fixed valve 5b on the disturbance shaft 5d is in surface contact. In the preferred embodiment, the lower end of the hollow drive shaft and the fixed valve are each provided with an eccentric hole. In other embodiments, the lower end of the hollow drive shaft 5a and the fixed valve 5b are provided with 2-4 equally spaced holes on the same circle radius.

1 to 8, the outer casing 5c is spline-connected to the disturbance shaft 5d, and the lower end surface of the outer casing 5c, the disturbance shaft 5d, and the seal cover 5f on the step of the disturbance shaft 5d are formed. A sealed chamber is provided with a disc spring 5e. In the preferred embodiment, the disc spring 5e is composed of 1-2 disc springs and 2-4 sets of stacks.

In the preferred embodiment, the lower end of the hollow drive shaft 5a is connected to the eccentric hole that moves in the axial direction by a spline; or the lower end of the hollow drive shaft 5a is integrally connected with the eccentric hole by screwing. The lower portion of the disturbing shaft 5d is provided with a thread connected to the drill bit for convenient connection with the drill bit; or the lower portion of the mandrel 4a is integrally formed with the drill bit, so that the drill bit does not need to be additionally mounted.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 , an embodiment of the present invention further provides a disturbing rock breaking drilling method for a disturbing rock breaking drill, which comprises the following steps:

Step 1: The upper end of the disturbing rock breaking tool is screwed with the conventional drilling tool, and the lower end and the drill bit are screwed.

Step 2: During normal drilling, the drilling fluid flows through the motor assembly 2 to drive its rotor to rotate, and the universal shaft assembly 3 rotates the mandrel 4a in the transmission shaft assembly 4 relative to the lower TC outer cylinder 4b; An upper gear 4c is provided between the lower end of the mandrel 4a and the ring gear of the lower TC outer cylinder 4b to rotate in the mandrel 4a; and the lower gear 4e connected by the transmission rod 4d is rotated.

Step 3: The rotating lower gear 4e drives the outer ring gear of the upper end of the hollow transmission shaft 5a to rotate, and the eccentric hole at the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft 5a (defining the center of the hole is O1) and the fixed valve 5b provided on the disturbance shaft 5d The relative movement of the eccentric hole (defining the center of the hole is O2) causes the two eccentric holes to be periodically staggered and completely overlapped (as shown in Fig. 6), and the effective flow area is periodically changed so as to be in the upper portion of the fixed valve 5b. A water hammer occurs and a periodically changing water hammer force Ft = Asin(t) is formed.

Step 4: The water hammer force Ft is transmitted to the drill bit through the mandrel 4a, and the gravity Fg generated by the weight of the drill assembly is transmitted to the drill bit through the outer casing 5c, the disc spring 5e and the mandrel 4a, and the water hammer force F(t) and the drill The combined gravity Fg acts on the rock directly below the drill bit, and the deep formation rock under high stress state induces induced cracking under the periodic disturbance dynamic force of the dynamic and static combination, and even sudden rock burst, so that the drill bit breaks the rock with high efficiency.

The disturbing rock breaking drill and the disturbing rock breaking drilling method provided by the invention respectively convert the existing screw drive shaft shell and the mandrel relative movement, convert into gear rotation, and finally realize the periodic water hammer force of the disturbance assembly, and the upper drill The combined gravity forms a weight-on-bit to achieve "high stress + disturbance", which has the advantages of high rock breaking efficiency and high mechanical drilling speed.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant technological advancements and outstanding benefits:

1. The bottom drilling assembly of the disturbed rock breaking tool is simpler than the bottom drilling assembly of the turbine driven perturbing drilling tool: directly using the power of the existing motor assembly to drive the disturbance assembly to achieve the disturbing rock breaking Drilling method, at the same time, has little effect on the rotating rock of the screw drill driven by the drill bit. The motor assembly and the disturbance drill are integrated, which greatly shortens the distance between the motor and the drill bit, simplifies the drilling assembly, and passes through the turbine. When driving the disturbance assembly, it is also necessary to connect a motor for driving the rotation of the drill bit on the upper portion of the disturbance drill.

2. The disturbing rock breaking drill is safer and more reliable than the turbine driven disturbing drilling tool: driving the disturbing broken The power required for the rock drilling tool movement is far less than the output power of the screw drilling tool. Therefore, the disturbing power generated by the disturbing rock breaking tool provided by the invention is more stable and controllable, so as to control the rockburst intensity when disturbing rock breaking. Level, to achieve safe and efficient speed-up purposes; while the turbine drive disturbs the drill, the turbine's speed is unstable, which is likely to cause strong rockburst or extremely strong rockburst immediately below the drill bit, resulting in very irregular boreholes, even buried drills, etc. accident.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., which are included in the spirit and scope of the present invention, should be included in the present invention. Within the scope of protection.

Claims

A disturbing rock breaking tool, comprising: an anti-drop assembly, a motor assembly, a cardan shaft assembly, a transmission shaft assembly and a disturbance assembly, wherein the anti-drop assembly is connected to the motor assembly, The motor assembly is coupled to the universal joint shaft assembly, the universal joint shaft assembly is coupled to the transmission shaft assembly, the transmission shaft assembly is coupled to the disturbance assembly, and the disturbance assembly is connected to the lower end. Drill bit for rock drilling;

The transmission shaft assembly includes a mandrel, a lower TC outer cylinder, an upper gear, a lower gear and a transmission rod, the lower TC outer cylinder is sleeved on an outer side of the mandrel, and the lower end of the lower TC outer cylinder is located a position higher than a position at which the lower end of the mandrel is located, a lower end of the lower TC outer cylinder is provided with a ring gear, and the upper gear is disposed between a lower end of the mandrel and the ring gear, the lower gear Provided at a lower end portion of the mandrel, the upper gear and the lower gear are connected by the transmission rod;

The disturbance assembly includes a casing, a hollow transmission shaft, a disturbance shaft and a fixed valve, the casing is screwed to the mandrel, and an upper end of the hollow transmission shaft is connected to the lower gear through an outer ring gear, the hollow The lower end of the drive shaft is provided with an eccentric hole, and is in surface contact with the fixed valve disposed on the disturbance shaft, the outer casing is spline-connected to the disturbance shaft, the lower end surface of the outer casing, the disturbance A shaft and a sealing cover on the step of the disturbance shaft form a sealed chamber in which a disc spring is disposed.
The perturbation rock breaking tool according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft is coupled to the eccentric hole that moves in the axial direction by a spline.
The perturbation rock breaking tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the eccentric hole are integrally connected by screwing.
The perturbation rock breaking tool according to claim 1, wherein the disc spring is composed of 1-2 disc springs and 2-4 sets of stacks.
The perturbation rock breaking tool according to claim 1, wherein a lower portion of said disturbance shaft is provided with a thread connected to said drill bit.
The perturbation rock breaking tool according to claim 1, wherein the lower portion of the mandrel is integrally formed with the drill bit.
The perturbation rock breaking tool according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the fixed valve are provided with an eccentric hole.
The disturbing rock breaking drill of claim 1 wherein: said hollow drive shaft Both the end and the fixed valve are provided with 2-4 equally spaced holes on the same circle radius.
A disturbing rock breaking drilling method for a disturbing rock breaking drill according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

Step 1: connecting the upper end of the disturbing rock breaking tool with the conventional drilling tool through a threaded connection, and the lower end and the drill bit are screwed;

Step 2: During normal drilling, the drilling fluid flows through the motor assembly 2 to drive its rotor to rotate, and the universal shaft assembly causes the mandrel in the transmission shaft assembly to rotate relative to the lower TC outer cylinder; forcing to be disposed at the lower end of the mandrel Between the ring gear of the lower TC outer cylinder, an upper gear is arranged to rotate in the mandrel; and a lower gear connected by the transmission rod is rotated;

Step 3: The rotating lower gear drives the outer ring gear of the upper end of the hollow transmission shaft to rotate, and the eccentric hole at the lower end of the hollow transmission shaft and the eccentric hole of the fixed valve disposed on the disturbance shaft are relatively moved, so that the two eccentric hole cycles Sexual interlacing and complete overlap, the effective flow area changes periodically, so that the water hammer phenomenon occurs in the upper part of the fixed valve, forming a cyclically varying water hammer force Ft = Asin (t);

Step 4: The water hammer force Ft is transmitted to the drill bit through the mandrel, and the gravity Fg generated by the weight of the drill assembly is transmitted to the drill bit through the outer casing, the disc spring and the mandrel, and the water hammer force F(t) and the gravity of the drill assembly Fg acts on the rock directly below the drill bit, and the deep formation rock under high stress state induces induced cracking or sudden rock burst under the periodic disturbance dynamic force of the dynamic and static combination.
The disturbing rock breaking drilling method according to claim 9, wherein the disc spring is composed of 1-2 disc springs and 2-4 sets of stacks.