Energetic disturbance drilling tool
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of energetic disturbance drilling tool for oil gas well drilling, relates to drilling engineering field in petroleum natural gas exploration.
Background technology
At present, oil rotary percussion drilling is to install churn drilling tools additional on the basis of conventional drilling, in the broken rock of rotation, drill bit is applied to a high-frequency percussion power, thereby realizes the drilling technology of rotation and the broken rock of combined impulse.
Oil rotary percussion drilling technology core be hydraulic impacter instrument.After the nineties, deep-well, ultradeep well, easily inclined shaft, hard formation, horizontal well and extended reach well shared ratio in oil drilling is increasing, the hard formation running in deep-well and firm hard formation are poor with conventional simple rotary drilling method rock breaking efficiency, drilling efficiency is low, and the hole deviation problem in deep-well also becomes increasingly conspicuous; In horizontal well and extended reach well drilling, along with the increase of horizontal movement, the pressurization of horizontal well is more difficult, and the damage of drilling tool is also even more serious.Than whenever all pay attention to solving these problems by churn drill technology both at home and abroad, and drop into a large amount of manpower and materials and study.The deep-well research institute of a university of Germany has done a large amount of emulation and performance test work indoor to churn drill well tool since 1987, is also stepping up to study the application of this technology in ultradeep well at present.7,000,000 dollars of researchs of the U.S. and German joint investment particularly apply at oil drilling the drilling technology that spins in ultradeep well.At present, the U.S. is having 50% to use churn drilling tools with drilling well.
China just began one's study as far back as 1958 and applies this technology, after the eighties, the drilling technology that spins reaches its maturity in geological core probing field, develop six classes more than 20 such as jetting type, jet absorption type, positive interaction type, reaction-type, double-acting type and wire line coring hydraulic impacter and planted impactor, total footage exceedes megameter, has obtained good economic benefit, and drilling efficiency significantly improves, creep at hard formation especially, average rate of penetration improves 50%~100% than rotary drilling.
China Patent Publication No.: CN202913949U, open day on November 29th, 2012, the name of patent of invention is called the drilling speed jetting type impactor that surges, this application case discloses " the drilling speed jetting type impactor that surges; comprise top connection, outer shell, fluidic, piston rod, piston, block stamp, cover and lower contact from all directions ", utilize exactly bistable fluidic element that highly pressurised liquid alternate allocation is arrived to block stamp piston upper chamber and cavity of resorption, make block stamp form reciprocating impact fortune.
The key factor that affects the drilling well Technique Popularizing that spins is impactor quality.The drilling technology that spins is on the basis of rotary drilling, then increases a high-frequency percussion effect being produced by impactor, makes drill bit bear periodic shock loading.Spin drilling well by shock loading and static pressure rotary joint effect fractured rock.Under impact loading, because adding the caused strain rate of unloading, mechanical shock stress wave transient state changes in 101~103/s, and very significantly strain rate effect often occurs in this strain rate section for the resistance to compression of rock, tensile strength, cause resistance to compression & tensile strength to increase progressively relation with being exponential function between strain rate.Therefore, concerning the heavily stressed rock in some deeps, utilize impact drilling to mean the compressive strength that will improve certain degree, improved the requirement to drilling tool quality.The quality of impactor directly affects the effect of this technology, one of major reason that this technology can not extensively be promoted is that impactor quality does not pass a test, life-span does not also reach the needed time, and the present impactor life-span, generally at 50-80 hour, also can not meet the needs of actual well drilled.Therefore want to realize the application of ing technique in oil drilling, must improve the quality of impactor.Impactor provides impact force by block stamp, and it is very difficult that this operating principle has determined to improve its quality.
In China, existing a collection of metal mine enters deep mining.At during deep mining operation, run into the new problem that is much different from superficial part geotechnics, as stope mine pressing manifest aggravation, rock burst aggravate and take place frequently, the aggravation of stope unstability, confined pressure zonal fracturing etc.In these engineering phenomenons, there are three problem values to further investigate, i.e. the explosion of heavily stressed rock and fragmentation, the Rock-burst of heavily stressed rock and the induced fracture of heavily stressed rock.These three problems are with the actual forced status interwoveness of deep rock.Deep engineering disaster is mainly under the coupling of heavily stressed strong off-load and excavation disturbance, progressively to breed development to form, and has complicated Evolution Dynamics process feature.The mechanism occurring about rock burst, older generation's rock mechanics expert professor Tao Zhenyu thinks, rock interior has gathered very large elastic strain energy, once run into discharging that machine power disturbance will be unexpected, forms rock burst.Enter after deep mining, the vertical stress of primary rock that gravity causes exceedes the compressive strength (>2OMPa) of engineering rock mass conventionally, rock still has part tectonic stress in tectonic movement process, and the two stack is accumulated as heavily stressed jointly.Petroleum drilling well depth, excavating caused vertical geological diagnostics stress has releasing trend, under the disturbance of sound combined load, rock burst occurs.
For the induced fracture of heavily stressed rock, be first to be put forward on the Xiangshan Science Conferences of 2002 by Li Xibing professor and the raw academician in Gourde(G).Own through having obtained a lot of achievements in research at theory analysis and engineering application aspect at present.Rock is as the product of geological movement, and inside exists the formation of crack such as a large amount of crystal boundaries, dislocation, hole, microfissure.Under load action, the micro-crack in rock is first by densification, volume-diminished; After pressure reaches certain value, rock interior microfissure is expanded or is had new crackle to produce, and volume increases.Therefore, along with the increase of load, the deformation behaviour that rock generally can show as volume first dwindles rear increase.Therefore, high stress, on rock, will produce two kinds of effects, and the one, improve disturbance energy utilization rate, this is mainly to act on the rock that intensity is higher, the heavily stressed rock elasticity limit that also do not exceed of effect.In energetic disturbance process, this heavily stressedly exists always, makes some discontinuous boundaries in rock and in closure state, makes the crackle that originally stops growing continue expansion, under identical disturbance energy, may produce more crackle.This effect correspondence said rock strength raising above and rock burst takes place frequently two stages.The 2nd, material stiffness deteriorated, this be mainly effect heavily stressed oneself exceed the rock elasticity limit.Under this high stress, the microfissure of rock interior continues to develop on original basis, and power generation dissipates simultaneously.Now, rock interior has no longer been stored a lot of elastic strain energies, and plastic strain occurs.Rock only need to absorb little external disturbance energy, can allow entirety that unstability occurs.
No matter be taking place frequently or rock induced fracture of heavily stressed lower rock burst, for concrete rock, be all rock multi-form what be subject to that under heavily stressed+energetic disturbance coupling, this same problem in science shows.Between these two kinds of engineering problems, both there is essential distinction, had again the unified mechanism transforming mutually.Only carry out after the understanding of correct science in the problems referred to above, could in deep rock engineering, utilize rock burst, rationally induce rock fracturing to realize the object of efficient rock-breaking.
While specifically research, " heavily stressed+energetic disturbance " this Practical Project problem is risen to science aspect, be the mechanics problem that the combination of rock sound loads.Rock sound combination loading problem, as a brand-new research topic, is that the raw academician in Li Xibing professor and Gourde(G) proposes first in 175 the science meetings in Fragrance Hill in 2002.But because sound combination loading problem is from proposing till now, the also stage in initial development, the influence factor that the loading experiment of sound combination simultaneously itself relates to is numerous, and therefore the research in this field remains in the ascendant, is worth proceeding further investigation and research.
In fact, the deep formation rock of oil drilling, before bearing energetic disturbance load,, among certain static stress or geostatic stress state, as long as well dynamic instrument provides periodic disturbance power, can cause unexpected rock burst or induced fracture.Obviously the broken rock of heavily stressed+energetic disturbance is to be different from the broken rock of conventional drilling, also be different from the broken rock of rotary impact, but break a kind of method between rock between the broken rock of conventional rig and rotary impact, be in certain static load with the force action of the dynamic loading of soft variation periodically in rock, and rotary percussion drilling to be impactor produce periodic instant impact acts on rock by drill bit.
Heavily stressed+energetic disturbance rock breaking method is introduced to oil drilling, is the very promising new method of one.Therefore be necessary to design a kind of novel energetic disturbance drilling tool, to overcome the problems referred to above.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the defect of prior art, and a kind of energetic disturbance drilling tool that improves efficiency of breaking rock is provided.
The utility model is achieved in that
The utility model provides a kind of energetic disturbance drilling tool, comprises urceolus, mandrel, air deflector, turbine sleeve, turbine, rotating eccentricity valve block and fixing eccentric valve block; Described mandrel is located in described urceolus, and described urceolus and described mandrel pass through spline joint; Described turbine sleeve is located in described urceolus, and its upper end and described air deflector are threaded connection, and in the cannelure at its middle part, is provided with rubber seal, and the upper end of its lower end and described mandrel is threaded connection; Described turbine is located at described turbine sleeve inner, and described turbine is fixed on the axle core of described air deflector, and the lower end of described turbine and described rotating eccentricity valve block are threaded connection; The upper surface close contact of the lower surface of described rotating eccentricity valve block and described fixing eccentric valve block, the upper end of described fixing eccentric valve block and described mandrel is threaded connection.
Further, between the lower end of described urceolus and described mandrel, be provided with disk spring.
Further, between the lower end of described urceolus and described mandrel, be provided with conventional helical spring.
Further, described urceolus is provided with at least one intercommunicating pore.
Further, described turbine replaces with screw motor.
Further, the lower end of described turbine sleeve is provided with a shoulder, and the internal diameter of described shoulder upper end is greater than the external diameter of described turbine sleeve, and the internal diameter of described shoulder lower end is less than the external diameter of described turbine sleeve.
Further, on the spline of described urceolus inside, the position of corresponding described mandrel is provided with the anti-lost ring for preventing that described mandrel from coming off.
Further, the lower end of described mandrel is provided with the screw thread being connected with a drill bit.
Further, the lower end of described mandrel is connected with drill bit, and described mandrel and described drill bit are wholely set.
Further, the eccentric throw of described rotating eccentricity valve block equates with the eccentric throw of described fixing eccentric valve block, and is greater than zero.
The utlity model has following beneficial effect:
Described energetic disturbance drilling tool is that two eccentric orfice overlapping area cyclically-varyings of hole by controlling described rotating eccentricity valve block and described fixing eccentric valve block produce the Water Hammer of sinusoidal variations and gravity that drilling assembly produces forms the pressure of the drill jointly, between the urceolus of described energetic disturbance drilling tool and mandrel, there is not relative motion, without consumable accessory, and the Water Hammer producing is soft continuously, can not damage other drilling tool and drill bit, make its application life longer; And the spin broken rock mode efficiency of breaking rock of drilling well of the broken rock mode that described energetic disturbance bores is higher.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only embodiment more of the present utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
The structural representation of the energetic disturbance drilling tool that Fig. 1 provides for the utility model embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;
The structural representation of the energetic disturbance drilling tool that Fig. 3 provides for the utility model embodiment and drill bit assembling;
The hole of rotating eccentricity valve block and the hole of the fixing eccentric valve block schematic diagram in primary importance that Fig. 4 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The hole of rotating eccentricity valve block and the hole of the fixing eccentric valve block schematic diagram in the second place that Fig. 5 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The hole of rotating eccentricity valve block and the hole of the fixing eccentric valve block schematic diagram in the 3rd position that Fig. 6 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The hole of rotating eccentricity valve block and the hole of the fixing eccentric valve block schematic diagram in the 4th position that Fig. 7 provides for the utility model embodiment;
The stressed schematic diagram of rock under the drill bit that Fig. 8 provides for the utility model embodiment.
Label declaration:
1, urceolus; 2, mandrel; 3, disk spring; 4, air deflector; 5, turbine sleeve; 6, turbine; 7, rubber seal; 8, rotating eccentricity valve block; 9, fixing eccentric valve block; 10, intercommunicating pore; 11, drilling assembly; 12, drill bit.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, the technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the utility model part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
As Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of energetic disturbance drilling tool, is made up of urceolus 1, mandrel 2, disk spring 3, air deflector 4, turbine sleeve 5, turbine 6, rubber seal 7, rotating eccentricity valve block 8, fixing eccentric valve block 9 and intercommunicating pore 10 etc.
As Fig. 1-Fig. 3, described mandrel 2 is located in described urceolus 1, the bottom of described urceolus 1 and described mandrel 2 pass through spline joint, in this preferred embodiment, can be on the spline of described urceolus 1 inside, the position of corresponding described mandrel 2 is provided with the anti-lost ring for preventing that described mandrel 2 from coming off, thereby has ensured the fastness of described mandrel 2.Described urceolus 1 is provided with at least one intercommunicating pore 10, and described intercommunicating pore 10 connects its inner chamber and the external world, and for inner chamber is carried out to pressure release use, in this preferred embodiment, the quantity of described intercommunicating pore 10 is two, can certainly be multiple.Between the lower end of described urceolus 1 and described mandrel 2, be provided with disk spring 3, in this preferred embodiment, described disk spring 3 is made up of 2-20 dish reed; In other embodiments, the centralizer that prevents that dish spring from directly contacting with the external world can be set in disk spring 3 outsides; Certainly, also disk spring 3 can be replaced with to conventional helical spring, between the lower end of described urceolus 1 and described mandrel 2, be provided with conventional helical spring, only need to ensure the effect that it can carry out the transmission of power and have buffering.
As Fig. 1-Fig. 3, described turbine sleeve 5 is located in described urceolus 1, and its upper end and described air deflector 4 are threaded connection, and in the cannelure at its middle part, is provided with rubber seal 7, and the upper end of its lower end and described mandrel 2 is threaded connection.Described turbine 6 is located at described turbine sleeve 5 inside, and described turbine 6 is fixed on the axle core of described air deflector 4, and the lower end of described turbine 6 and described rotating eccentricity valve block 8 are threaded connection.In other embodiments, described turbine 6 is replaceable for blade or the screw motor of rotary power can be provided, and all can reach identical effect.The upper surface close contact of the lower surface of described rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and described fixing eccentric valve block 9, described fixing eccentric valve block 9 is threaded connection with the upper end of described mandrel 2.The eccentric throw of described rotating eccentricity valve block 8 equates with the eccentric throw of described fixing eccentric valve block 9, and is greater than zero.The lower end of described turbine sleeve 5 is provided with a shoulder (not label), the internal diameter of described shoulder upper end is greater than the external diameter of described turbine sleeve 5, the internal diameter of described shoulder lower end is less than the external diameter of described turbine sleeve 5, can prevent that equally described mandrel 2 from coming off, thereby has ensured the fastness of described mandrel 2.
As Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the lower end of described mandrel 2 is provided with the screw thread being connected with a drill bit 12, and therefore described drill bit 12 can directly be connected with described mandrel 2 by screw thread.In other embodiments, can be also that the lower end of described mandrel 2 is connected with drill bit 12, described mandrel 2 is wholely set with described drill bit 12.
As Fig. 1-Fig. 8, the rock-breaking and well-drilling method of described energetic disturbance drilling tool is as follows:
(A) be threaded connection in the drilling assembly 11 of energetic disturbance drilling tool upper end and conventional drilling, its lower end and drill bit 12 are threaded connection;
(B) in the time normally creeping into, the cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid turbine 6 of flowing through rotates, and drive rotating eccentricity valve block 8 to rotate with respect to the center O of described energetic disturbance drilling tool, make the hole center O 2 of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and the hole center O 1 of fixing eccentric valve block 9 from symmetrical with center O, the hole overlapping area minimum of the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and fixing eccentric valve block 9; Then to move to O1O vertical with O2O for hole center O 2, and the hole overlapping area of the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and fixing eccentric valve block 9 increases gradually; Move to O1 again and O2 is overlapping, the hole overlapping area of the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and fixing eccentric valve block 9 reaches maximum; Subsequently, it is vertical with O2O that hole center O 2 moves to O1O, and the hole overlapping area of the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and fixing eccentric valve block 9 reduces gradually; Finally, hole center O 2 again moves to O1O and O2O is symmetrical, the hole overlapping area minimum of the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and fixing eccentric valve block 9; Like this, along with the hole O2 of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 is constantly symmetrical with the hole O1 of fixing eccentric valve block 9, alternation sum is completely overlapping, and the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and the hole overlapping area generating period of fixing eccentric valve block 9 are changed;
(C) in the time that cleaner for high-pressure drilling fluid is flowed through the hole of the rotating eccentricity valve block 8 that two hole overlapping area generating periods change and fixing eccentric valve block 9, produce water hammer, the drilling liquid pressure of the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and fixing eccentric valve block 9 upper surfaces increases rapidly, the pressure reduction at turbine sleeve 5 two ends is increased, produce Water Hammer Fd; Along with the hole of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 and the hole overlapping area generating period of fixing eccentric valve block 9 change, the Water Hammer Fd size generating period of generation changes;
(D) Water Hammer Fd passes to drill bit 12 by mandrel 2; The gravity Fg being produced by the weight of drilling assembly 11 passes to drill bit 12 by urceolus 1, disk spring 3 and mandrel 2;
(E) produce by power tool the rock of gravity Fg acting in conjunction under drill bit 12 that the weight of periodically variable Water Hammer Fd and drilling assembly 11 produces, deep formation rock in high-stress state is under the periodic disturbance dynamic action of sound combination, cause induced fracture, even suddenly, rock burst, thus make drill bit high efficiency break rock.
Wherein, the value of described periodically variable Water Hammer Fd is SIN function F(t)=Asin (t), with the center O rotary speed of rotating eccentricity valve block 8 with respect to energetic disturbance drilling tool, rotating eccentricity valve block 8 is relevant with size and the eccentric distance e of the eccentric orfice of fixing eccentric valve block 9; The gravity of drilling assembly 11 is steady state value F(t)=C, drill bit 12 is F(t to the active force of rock)=Asin (t)+C.
In sum, described energetic disturbance drilling tool is that two eccentric orfice overlapping area cyclically-varyings of hole by controlling described rotating eccentricity valve block and described fixing eccentric valve block 9 produce the Water Hammer of sinusoidal variations and gravity that drilling assembly produces forms the pressure of the drill jointly, between the urceolus of described energetic disturbance drilling tool and mandrel, there is not relative motion, without consumable accessory, and the Water Hammer producing is soft continuously, can not damage other drilling tool and drill bit, make its application life longer; And the spin broken rock mode efficiency of breaking rock of drilling well of the broken rock mode that described energetic disturbance bores is higher.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; not in order to limit the utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection domain of the present utility model.