WO2016096114A1

WO2016096114A1 - Method for separating and landfilling radioactively contaminated soils

Info

Publication number: WO2016096114A1
Application number: PCT/EP2015/002508
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ferdinand Doppstadt
Original assignee: Doppstadt Familienholding Gmbh
Priority date: 2014-12-19
Filing date: 2015-12-14
Publication date: 2016-06-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for separating and landfilling radioactively contaminated soils, in which the soils are packed in a package (4) and fed together with the package (4), and possibly with the addition of loose material from previously damaged packages, to a crushing device (Z1), wherein the package (4) is destroyed in the crushing device (Z1), the packaging material (4) is crushed together with the soil, then the mixture of packaging material (4) and soils is fed to at least one screening device (T) and is screened there at least once, wherein the soils are at the same time separated from the packaging material (4), the packaging material (4) and soils are carried away to different locations and stored, wherein the packaging material (4) is subsequently disposed of or destroyed and the soil is landfilled.

Description

Separation and landfill process for radioactively contaminated soils

description

The invention relates to a separation and deposition method for radioactively contaminated soils.

It is known that contaminated soil is removed from the surface of the contaminated areas. For the purposes of the invention, in addition to topsoils, sandy soils, gravel or else mixed soils, which may also be mixed with other surface-covering substances, such as, for example, grass, shrubs or scrub, are understood to mean earth. The excavated soil is then packed in large-volume packaging to prevent the spread of contaminants. This takes place with known erosion devices, wherein the packaging is carried out in larger packaging units, for example in so-called "big bags", in order to then temporarily store them in. After a suitable landfill site has been found, these packages must be transported there and reopened on site and the packaging material from to be separated from the earth.

From the document DE 40 23 117 A1 a separation and landfill method for radioactively contaminated waste is known. It is described in this document that the waste consists largely of a mixture of concrete pieces of various sizes, for example several times packed in PE foil bags, masonry, reinforced concrete cores, macadam, gravel and soil and of combustible admixtures, such as wood,

CONFIRMATION COPY PE film, rubber and pulp exists. The crushing is done with a jaw crusher, which is absolutely necessary due to the solid components. Any adhering moist soil material is removed by the concrete or masonry components due to the effect of absorbing moisture through these materials. Also the admixtures in the material of wood and pulp are able to carry away moist material. With the device according to this patent, the problem posed separation and screening of particular very humid materials can not be solved.

From the document DE 3901 783 A1 a method for the disposal of weakly contaminated construction waste from the demolition of nuclear facilities is known. Here, too, essentially solid and dry building materials are crushed and processed for landfill.

From the document US 2003/0031513 A1 a mobile device is known, which serves to receive and package contaminated material from surfaces. Also, the two last-mentioned devices of the prior art are not suitable to solve the stated problem as described at the beginning.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a method and a system which makes it possible to separate these bulky packages from the earth so that earth and packaging material are separated from each other to deposit the earth and to dispose of the packaging material or to Destroy without the contaminations or burdens can escape again.

In order to achieve the object, the invention proposes a separation and deposition method for contaminated radioactively contaminated soils, in which the earths are packed in a packaging and are fed together with the packaging and possibly with the addition of loose material from previously damaged packaging to a comminution device, whereby the packaging in the comminution device is destroyed, the packaging material is sam is crushed with the earth, then the mixture of packaging material and earth is fed to at least one screening device and there at least once sieved, at the same time the earths are separated from the packaging material, packaging material and earth are removed or stored at different locations, the packaging material then disposed of or destroyed and the earth is fed to a landfill. By the prescribed method, it is possible to achieve the object of the invention in such a way that the separation can take place in a separate area, which is closed, for example, from the outside world. It is possible to carry out the separation without operators having to come into contact with the earth and the packaging material.

For this purpose, the invention further proposes that the supply of the still sealed packaging is made in a separate from the crushing and screening area. This measure ensures that these areas are separated from one another so that the escape of contaminants, for example radioactive dusts, can be prevented. The separation of the two materials, namely the earth from the packaging material can then take place in the protected or closed area, without requiring operators to stay in the protected area.

A further aspect of the separating and depositing method according to the invention is specified by the fact that the supply of the still sealed packaging to the comminuting device takes place directly. Direct feeding means that packages of still-packed soil can be fed directly into the crusher without the interposition of conveyors such as conveyor belts, hoists or the like. For example, it is possible to transport the packaging units (BigBags) directly into the hopper of the comminution device, for example with an excavator. By this measure, downtime of the system can be reduced by the relatively failure-prone transport devices or conveyors (conveyor belts), at least for the purpose of filling are not required. This does not exclude that the supply of the still sealed packaging for crushing device also indirectly, z. B. via conveyors or hoists is made. The invention also includes such a method.

An advantageous development of the invention proposes that at least the crushing device, preferably also the screening device is operated in a lower area. So you can, for example, order the crushing device so that you can push the packaging with the remaining earth, for example, from one level directly into the hopper of the crushing device. This can be done for example with a bulldozer.

According to the invention, it has been found that it is favorable if at least one roller shredder, in particular large, for example special, teeth which are particularly suitable for this form of comminution, is used for comminution. By using a crushing device can save a very complex work process, namely the tearing or slicing of the packaging, which is still done manually in the art, to make such a separation. Namely, the separation of the packaging material from the earth is now carried out by comminution in the comminution device, advantageously using a roller comminutor having a rotatable roller in a housing equipped with teeth thereon. In the housing are corresponding counter-tools, for example, also teeth, which make the crushing in cooperation with the roller teeth. The use of a roller crushing for such crushing tasks has surprisingly proven to be extremely advantageous. In the prior art, the use of such a roller shredder for such shredding tasks has not been provided. It has been found that it is advantageous if the comminution with slow rotational speed with a rotation of 15 to 30 rev / min. is made. Especially the crushing at a slow rotational speed has the consequence that the packaging material is crushed only so far that it can still be processed properly for destruction or disposal. As a packaging material plastic is used regularly, of course, in high-speed devices heat up and thus clumping. Optionally, for example, fiber-reinforced plastics for packaging used. These can be torn or destroyed by the reduction at low speed so that they can then be well supplied for disposal or destruction.

A further development of the method according to the invention suggests that the packaging material is used to at least partially encase the comminution roller during the comminution process in order to reduce the wear on the roller and possibly on the teeth. Of course, this is possible only if the speed of the device is adjusted accordingly. This effect causes the wear on the crushing roller and also on the cutting teeth is reduced considerably, whereby the running time of the entire system, of course, extremely favorably influenced, namely extended. The susceptibility of the roller shredder is thereby further reduced.

It has proven to be advantageous if the roller shredder has a controllable comb cutting gap, which also controls the material coating of the crushing roller with the packaging material during the crushing operation by means of a cutting gap control. This can prevent that the material coating of the roller and possibly the cutting teeth is too thick, which would have a negative effect on the crushing process then.

An advantageous development of the method described above according to the invention is characterized by the roller shredder for the

Cutting gap control a controllable comb system arranged thereon Having counter-teeth, which is moved during the crushing operation periodically at a predetermined distance on the roller and back to keep the thickness or the thickness of the adhering to the roll packaging material at this selected distance or the roll completely from the adherent To free packaging material.

For this purpose, it is advantageous if the crushing device is controlled in total by a controller. This means that the cutting gap control in this case is then taken over simultaneously by the control of the comminution device. According to the invention, this can be done, for example, such that a sensor monitors the extent of the cutting cutting gap and transmits its results to the controller. The controller then makes the appropriate adjustments or corrections if necessary.

A development of the separation and deposition method according to the invention provides that the screening of the comminuted material is carried out in at least two and / or in three work steps, namely pre-screening, optionally fine screening, distribution and separation of heavy materials and stones in a ballistic separator. This results in the separated fractions being even purer, i. the earths are burdened with even less packaging material. At the same time, the heavy materials or stones can be deposited separately from the earth.

Another aspect of the separation and deposition method according to the invention is characterized in that for the pre-screening a drum screen with a drum diameter of 1400 mm to 2500 mm, preferably 1800 mm to 2000 mm and a mesh size of 60 mm to 120 mm, preferably 80 mm is used. This succeeds very well to carry out the separation process of the earth from the packaging material.

According to a variant of the invention, it is furthermore provided that after the sieving and separation of the earths from the packaging material, the packaging material is comminuted in a fine comminutor to a desired dimension, preferably to a dimension of 300 × 300 mm, for disposal or destruction becomes. This measure has proven to be favorable to destroy the packaging material, for example, to burn.

The invention also relates to a separating and depositing plant, in particular for carrying out the separation and deposition method, as described above. For this purpose, the separating and depositing plant has at least two separate regions, namely a feed region and a separation region. It is advantageous if a pollutant-tight lock separates the two areas from each other. This completely prevents any leakage of contaminants, for example radioactive dusts, from the separation area.

It is particularly advantageous in this case if a height offset is provided between the two areas, wherein the separation area is arranged lower than the feed area. This can be used, for example, to arrange the filling opening or the hopper of the crushing device exactly next to the height offset, for example, to transport the still closed packages through the pollutant-impermeable lock in the hopper. Filling funnel and to level are provided at the same altitude. This saves the transport of the packages in an inclined plane or by a hoist for feeding the packages in the hopper of the crushing device.

A development of the separation and landfill plant described above is characterized in that the plant comprises at least one crushing device, a screening device with optionally arranged therebetween conveyors, these plant components are arranged in the separation region.

However, the invention also includes a separating and depositing plant, which is characterized in that the plant comprises at least one crushing device, a screening device, a distributor and a ballistic separator with optionally arranged therebetween conveyors. A further aspect of the separating and depositing plant according to the invention is specified by the fact that the screening device has a sieve drum with active tools, for example drivers. This results in that the packaging material can be safely led out of the drum and the openings of the drum (mesh) are not closed by the packaging material. This measure also reduces the cost of any otherwise necessary maintenance measures.

The invention will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show it:

1 flow chart over the course of the method according to the invention,

Fig. 2 representation of a possible arrangement of a separating and depositing plant for carrying out the method according to the invention and

3 shows a representation of a further arrangement of a separating and depositing installation for carrying out the method according to the invention

FIG. 1 shows a flow chart which shows both the processes of the process and also a possible arrangement of the separating and depositing plant according to the invention. In the flow chart at the top left is indicated by an arrow and the reference numeral A that the so-called "BigBags" example with a gripper excavator 3 (see Fig. 2) or other suitable hoist, such as a wheel loader of a transport vehicle 1 in The area of the material feed M can be transported, and a flat, for example, concreted surface can be provided as the material feed area, where the "BigBags" 4 are first turned off. From the area of the material supply M, the material to be shredded, that is to say the soil located in a plastic packaging, then passes into the separation region E. For example, the "big bags" 4 are transported into a crusher Z. In this case it may also be a pre-shredder, for example a roller crusher, as described above. By suitable means of transport, such as conveyor belts, then passes the so-shredded material in the screening device T, consisting for example of at least one drum screen. Here, for example, the fine material B (now separated from the packaging material earth) can be stored or directly fed to landfill. After sieving in the drum screen, a distributor device V can be interposed in order, for example, to supply still earth loaded with heavy substances or stones C and the packaging material to a ballistic separator S in order to separate these different materials from one another. The plastic material is then brought to a desired degree of disposal or incineration in a post-shredder N according to the variant of the invention shown in FIG. This is also shown schematically only with the box D equal to "fuel".

FIG. 2 shows a possible arrangement of a separating and depositing plant for carrying out the method according to the invention. Schematically with an arrow and the reference symbol A is the supply area or designated for area. In this area, the BigBags 4 are parked on a flat surface by a transport vehicle 1 by means of a gripper 2 or another suitable plane or charger. Subsequently, the material supply M takes place in the separation region E. This separation region E is placed deeper. That is, it is located in a lower level than the material supply M. Favorably, the measure for the lower region is chosen so that it corresponds approximately to the height of the crushing device Z1. The BigBags 4 are fed in the separation area E, for example, directly from a transport caterpillar 3 to a comminuting device Z1. Of course, the supply can also, as can be seen, take place via a conveyor belt 5. In the comminuting device Z1, for example a pre-shredder, the BigBags 4 are comminuted and subsequently fed via conveyor belts 6 and 7 to the screening device, for example a drum screen T. The sieved earth B, now separated from the packaging material, are deposited in the exemplary embodiment in order to be transported later to the final landfill site to be able to. Not shown in the embodiment, the interposition of an advantage device and a ballistic separator, to possibly still sort out heavy materials C or stones or other interfering materials. About another conveyor belt 8, the packaging material enters a post-shredder Z2 to be crushed there in the desired size for the combustion of fuel D can. About conveyor belts 9 and 10 reach the fine material B and the fuel D in the interim storage or landfill or for direct recovery.

FIG. 3 shows a further possible arrangement of a separating and depositing installation for carrying out the method according to the invention. The reference numerals, as previously presented, are used here in the same way again, so that essentially can be dispensed with a new idea. The difference from FIG. 2 can only be seen in the fact that no height offset is provided between the feed region M and the separation region E. The arrangement of the individual components of the separation and landfill plant can be provided analogous to the embodiment of Figure 1, but also different. The invention is not limited to a particular form of the arrangement here.

The invention has been described above with reference to exemplary embodiments. However, the invention is not limited thereto. The claims now and in the application and later filed are attempts to formulate without prejudice to the attainment of further protection.

The references cited in the dependent claims indicate the further development of the subject matter of the main claim by the features of the respective subclaim. However, these are not to be understood as a waiver of obtaining independent, objective protection for the features of the dependent claims. Features that have hitherto been disclosed only in the description may be claimed in the course of the method as of essential importance to the invention, for example to distinguish from the prior art.

Claims

claims

1. A radioactive earth separation and landfill method in which the earths are packed in a packaging and, together with the packaging and optionally with the addition of loose material from previously damaged packaging, are fed to a comminution device, the packaging being destroyed in the comminution device, the packaging material is crushed together with the soil, then the mixture of packaging material and earth is fed to at least one screening device and screened there at least once, at the same time the earths are separated from the packaging material, packaging material and earth are dissipated or stored at different locations, The packaging material is then disposed of or destroyed and the soil is fed to a landfill.

2. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply of the still sealed packaging is made in a separate from the crushing and screening area.

3. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the supply of the still sealed packaging for crushing device takes place directly.

4. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the supply of the still sealed package for crushing device indirectly, z. B. via conveyors or hoists is made.

5. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the crushing device, preferably also the screening device is operated in a lower area.

6. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for shredding, at least one roller shredder, in particular large, for example special, particularly suitable for this form of comminution teeth is used.

7. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comminution at a slow rotational speed with a rotation of 15 to 30 U / min. is made.

8. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the packaging material is used to at least partially encase the crushing roller during the crushing operation in order to reduce wear on the roller and possibly on the teeth.

9. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roller shredder has a controllable Kammschneidspalt which controls the material coating of the crushing roller with the packaging material during the crushing operation by means of a cutting gap control and / or the roller shredder for the cutting gap control a controllable comb system having arranged thereon counter teeth, which during the crushing operation periodically or intermittently to a predetermined Distance to the roller and is moved back to keep the thickness or the strength of the adhering to the roll packaging material at this selected distance or to completely free the roller of the adherent packaging material.

10. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing device is controlled in total by a controller.

11. Separation and Deponierverfahren according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screening of the crushed material is carried out in at least two and / or in three steps, namely pre-screening, optionally fine screening, distribution and separation of heavy materials and stones in a ballistic Separator and / or for the pre-screening a drum screen with a drum diameter of 1400 mm to 2500 mm, preferably 1800 mm to 2000 mm and a mesh size of 60 mm to 120 mm, preferably 80 mm is used and / or after the screening and separation of Ground of the packaging material, the packaging material in a fine grinder to a desired level, preferably to a size of 300 x 300 mm for disposal or destruction comminuted.

12. Separation and landfill installation, in particular for carrying out the separation and deposition method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two separate areas, namely a feed area and a separation area are provided, wherein a pollutant-tight lock separates the two areas from each other.

13. Separation and landfill installation according to claim 12, characterized in that a height offset is provided between the two areas, wherein the separation area is arranged lower than the feed area.

14. separating and depositing plant according to one of the preceding claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the plant at least one crushing device, a screening device with optionally arranged therebetween Neten conveyors comprises, these plant components are arranged in the separation area.

15. separating and depositing plant according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the system comprises at least one crushing device, a screening device, a distributor and a ballistic separator with optionally arranged therebetween conveyors and / or the screening device a screen drum with active Tools, such as drivers, has.