WO2016095821A1 - 垂直轴风力发电机 - Google Patents

垂直轴风力发电机 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2016095821A1
WO2016095821A1 PCT/CN2015/097589 CN2015097589W WO2016095821A1 WO 2016095821 A1 WO2016095821 A1 WO 2016095821A1 CN 2015097589 W CN2015097589 W CN 2015097589W WO 2016095821 A1 WO2016095821 A1 WO 2016095821A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bowl
floating base
power generator
wind power
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/097589
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李宗津
刁谡
哈尼夫•阿萨德
裴华富
孙国星
Original Assignee
香港科技大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201510552718.6A external-priority patent/CN105715456B/zh
Application filed by 香港科技大学 filed Critical 香港科技大学
Publication of WO2016095821A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016095821A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a bowl-shaped thin shell buoyancy vertical axis wind turbine.
  • Wind energy is one of the important sources of clean energy.
  • wind energy has attracted more and more attention, and the amount of wind power generation has also increased year by year.
  • Many countries and regions plan to vigorously develop the wind power industry.
  • wind turbines used in the wind power industry can be divided into two types according to the direction of their rotating shafts, namely horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) and vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT).
  • HAWT horizontal axis wind turbine
  • VAWT vertical axis wind turbine
  • Horizontal axis wind turbines are currently the most commonly used type of wind turbine.
  • the rotation axis of the conventional horizontal-axis wind turbine has parallel to the wind direction, so wind energy cannot be directly obtained from different directions, that is, the horizontal-axis wind turbine does not utilize wind energy in all directions. Therefore, horizontal axis wind turbines typically require a yaw operating system to adjust the direction of the wind wheel to capture more wind energy.
  • the yaw operating system generally includes a control device and a drive mechanism. The yaw operating system increases the total cost of the horizontal axis wind turbine. In addition, additional energy is required to operate the yaw operating system.
  • the yaw operating system self-weight accounts for 50%-60% of the total weight of the wind turbine, greatly increasing the fatigue risk of the bearing and supporting structure.
  • Yaw operating systems and load-bearing systems are often made of very expensive metal alloys, which also contributes to a significant increase in the cost of horizontal-axis wind turbines.
  • a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator comprising: a bowl-shaped floating base rotatable about a central axis thereof; connected to a bowl-shaped floating base by at least one support member a plurality of wind-trapping blades, the plurality of wind-catching blades being supported by the bowl-shaped floating base; and the vertical-axis bearing being connected to the bowl-shaped floating base in a manner concentric with the central axis of the bowl-shaped floating base.
  • the plurality of wind-trapping blades drive the bowl-shaped floating base to rotate in the liquid in a floating manner under the action of the wind, thereby driving the power generating device of the wind power generator to convert the kinetic energy into electric energy.
  • the bowl-shaped floating base supports the support member and the plurality of wind-trapping blades by the buoyancy of the liquid.
  • the vertical shaft support limits the movement of the bowl-shaped floating base in the horizontal direction without limiting the movement of the bowl-shaped floating base in the vertical direction.
  • the bowl-shaped floating base is connected to the vertical shaft support by a connecting member.
  • the connecting member is a central positioning tube disposed on the bowl-shaped floating base, and the central positioning tube is connected to the vertical shaft support through the center of the bowl-shaped floating base.
  • the bowl-shaped floating base rotates while driving the vertical axis of the wind turbine.
  • the length of the support member and the blade angle are adjustable.
  • the outer surface of the bowl-shaped floating base is coated with a layer of dopamine self-polymerizing material and a layer of hydrophobic material to reduce the resistance of the bowl-shaped floating base to the liquid during rotation.
  • the bowl-shaped floating base is provided as a closed base comprising a closed cavity, wherein compressed air is injected into the closed cavity of the bowl-shaped floating base to increase the buoyancy of the bowl-shaped floating base And reduce the friction with the liquid.
  • the power generating device is configured as a peripheral positioning system that includes a magnetic component or a precision horizontal bearing system that is secured to the periphery of the bowl-shaped floating base.
  • the material of the bowl-shaped floating base, the wind-trapping blade and the support member comprises organic or inorganic fiber-polymer, organic or inorganic fiber-magnesium oxychloride cement, organic or inorganic fiber-magnesium phosphate cement composite material.
  • organic or inorganic fiber-magnesium phosphate cement composite comprises one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, steel fiber and polymer fiber.
  • a compressed gas floating vertical axis wind power comprising: a bowl-shaped floating base rotatable about a central axis thereof; a plurality of wind-trapping blades connected to the bowl-shaped floating base by at least one support member, the plurality of wind-trapping blades being made of a bowl-shaped floating base a seat support; and a bearing air bearing support connected to the bowl-shaped floating base through the bearing connection member, wherein the bearing air bearing support is provided with a plurality of holes for the compressed gas to be uniformly ejected from the hole to make the bowl-shaped floating base
  • the seat can be suspended by the action of compressed gas.
  • the plurality of wind-trapping blades drive the bowl-shaped floating base under the action of the wind to rotate above the bearing air bearing support in a floating manner, thereby driving the power generating device of the wind power generator to convert the kinetic energy into electrical energy.
  • the carrier air bearing support includes an upper carrier pad and a lower carrier pad, and a gap is provided between the upper carrier pad and the lower carrier pad to accommodate a layer of bubbles formed by the compressed gas.
  • the load bearing connector is embedded in or integral with the upper carrier pad.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a top plan view of the liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of the sleeve shown in Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a compressed gas floating vertical axis wind power generator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a floating vertical axis wind power generator in which a compressed gas and a liquid co-float according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective schematic view of a vertical axis wind power generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator 1000 shown in FIG.
  • the liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator 1000 will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator 1000 may include a vertical shaft 110, a wind catching blade 120, a bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130, a vertical shaft support 140, and support members 141, 142. .
  • Three wind catching blades are shown in Fig. 1 for the purpose of clear description, but the number of wind catching blades of the present application is not limited to three.
  • a plurality of wind catching blades 120 are disposed parallel to the vertical axis 110 of the wind turbine 1000 and are coupled to the vertical shaft 110 by respective support members 141, 142.
  • the wind catching blades 120 can be wind catching blades of various forms and materials, and in one embodiment, the plurality of wind catching blades are concentrically and equidistantly coupled to the vertical axis 110. Additionally, the wind catching blade 120 can have any suitable shape and material, such as a NACA airfoil, such that the wind catching blade can be activated at a minimum wind speed.
  • the wind catching blade 120 can be made of any suitable lightweight or ultra lightweight material, such as a cementitious composite.
  • the support members 141, 142 include a support rod 141 and a central rotational joint 142.
  • the wind catching blade 120 is coupled to the center rotary joint 142 by a support rod 141.
  • the central rotary joint 142 can be a bearing so that the support rod 141 can be rotated about the vertical axis 110.
  • the wind catching blade 120 is rotatably coupled to the vertical shaft 110 concentrically by the support rod 141 and the central rotary joint 142.
  • the support member 141 connects the wind catching blade 120 to the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130.
  • the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130 is capable of rotating in a liquid in a floating manner.
  • the liquid in the application can be water or any other suitable liquid.
  • the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130 can be open or sealed. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130 is coupled to the support rod 141 to carry the weight of the wind-trapping blade 120 through the support member 141.
  • the vertical shaft 110 is fixed to the vertical axis through the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130 along the center line.
  • Support 140 The vertical shaft support 140 is coupled to the bowl-shaped floating base 130 in a manner concentric with the central axis of the bowl-shaped floating base 130.
  • the vertical shaft mount 140 limits the movement of the bowl-shaped floating base 130 in the horizontal direction without limiting the movement of the bowl-shaped floating base 130 in the vertical direction.
  • the bowl-shaped floating base 130 is coupled to the vertical shaft support 140 by a connecting member.
  • the connecting member is a central positioning tube disposed in the bowl-shaped floating base 130, and the center positioning tube is connected to the vertical shaft support 140 through the center of the bowl-shaped floating base.
  • the outer surface of the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130 is coated with a layer of dopamine self-polymerizing material and a layer of hydrophobic material. Since dopamine can be polymerized on the surface of most materials, a first coating layer is first formed on the outer surface of the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130. Then, an organic material, such as a hydrophobic polymer, is applied outside the first coating layer to reduce the tension of the outer surface of the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130.
  • the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130 is immersed in a dopamine/water solution having a concentration of 2 mg/ml, and trishydroxyaminomethane is used as a buffer solution.
  • the pH of the soaking solution was adjusted to 9.
  • the outer surface of the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130 formed a polymeric dopamine film layer having a thickness of about 30 nm.
  • the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having hydrophobicity, elasticity and high wear resistance can be dissolved in an organic solvent, and the solution is sprayed on the first coating layer on the outer surface of the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130 to form
  • the second coating layer can effectively reduce the resistance between the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130 and the liquid.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Most of the configuration of the liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator 1000' shown in Fig. 3 is the same as that of the liquid floating vertical axis wind power generator 1000 shown in Fig. 1, except for the arrangement of the connecting member 141'.
  • the liquid floating vertical axis wind turbine 1000' may include a vertical shaft 110, a wind catching blade 120, a bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130, and support members 141', 142.
  • the support members 141', 142 include a support rod 141' and a central rotary joint 142.
  • the two connecting members included in the support rod 141' are parallel to each other in the horizontal direction.
  • One of the connecting members horizontally connects the wind catching blade 120 and the vertical shaft 110.
  • Another connecting member horizontally connects the wind catching blade and the center rotary joint 142 while being fixedly coupled to the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 130 to carry the weight of the wind catching blade 120 and the connecting members 141', 142.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a liquid floating vertical axis wind power generation according to still another embodiment of the present application. machine.
  • the vertical shaft support 170 and the bottom support sleeve 162 are concentrically connected by a bearing.
  • the sleeve 162 penetrates the pin in a wall crisscross manner, and four guide grooves are arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft so that the vertical axis and the bowl shape are thin.
  • the shell floating base, the connecting member and the wind catching blade are floated up and down, and the vertical shaft is rotated by the wind catching blade and the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base.
  • the top end of the vertical shaft is connected to the power generating device through the connecting sleeve 161 to ensure that the rotor of the generator and the vertical shaft rotate under the wind, thereby converting wind energy into electric energy.
  • the magnetic element 190 is a peripheral positioning system fixed to the side wall of the liquid pool and the side wall of the floating base respectively, and the magnetic element generates mutually reciprocating magnetic force through the same magnetic pole to restrain the horizontal direction of the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base, in case The bowl-shaped floating base is inclined in the horizontal direction under the action of high wind speed.
  • the supports 181 and 182 are structural members provided on the vertical axis to bear the weight of the connecting member and the wind catching blade.
  • the vertical shaft is fixed with a hook 183 for laying a canvas on the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base, and closing the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base to prevent rainwater from falling into the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a compressed gas suspension vertical axis wind turbine generator 2000 in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
  • the compressed gas suspension vertical axis wind turbine generator 2000 can include a vertical shaft 210, a wind catching blade 220, a bowl-shaped thin shell floating base 230, and support members 241, 242.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine 2000 further includes a carrier air bearing mount 250 and a load bearing connector 260.
  • the vertical shaft 210, the wind catching blade 220, the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 230 and the supporting members 241, 242 are connected and operated in the same manner as the liquid floating vertical-axis wind power generator 1000 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.
  • the vertical axis 110, the wind catching blade 120, the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 130 and the supporting members 141, 142 are the same and will not be described herein.
  • the carrier air bearing support 250 is coupled to the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 230 via a carrier connection 260.
  • the carrier air bearing support 250 is uniformly provided with a plurality of holes such that the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 230 can be rotated in a suspended manner under the action of compressed gas.
  • a high pressure compressed gas (minimum 700 kPa) may be provided by an external source of gas to the carrier air bearing support.
  • the carrier air bearing support 250 includes upper and lower portions with an aperture between the two portions to accommodate the flow of compressed gas. Compressed air can enter from the lower bearing air cushion through a plurality of holes in the bearing air cushion to a gap between the upper bearing air cushion and the lower bearing air cushion. Compressed air reduces the draft of the floating base and further reduces friction with the liquid. Compression The common buoyancy of air and liquid is used to support the weight of other components than the vertical shaft support.
  • the carrier air bearing support 250 can be constructed of a cementitious composite material.
  • the load bearing connector 260 is embedded in or integral with the upper load bearing air cushion. The distance between the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 230 and the bearing air bearing support is ensured by the carrier connection member 260, so that the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base can be freely rotated.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a floating vertical axis wind turbine 3000 in which a compressed gas and a liquid co-float according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • the center of the bottom of the bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base 330 is an open circular hole with a top seal.
  • a compressed gas is injected inside the floating base, and the draft of the floating base 330 is reduced by the compressed air, thereby further reducing the friction with the liquid.
  • the common buoyancy of compressed air and liquid is used to support the weight of other components than the vertical shaft support.
  • connection manners and operation modes of the connection sleeves 361, 362, the wind catching blades 320, the support members 381, 382, and the vertical shaft support 370 are respectively connected to the connection sleeves 161, 162 in the vertical axis wind power generator shown in FIG.
  • the wind catching blades 120, the support members 181, 182 and the vertical shaft support 170 are the same and will not be described again here.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective schematic view of a vertical axis wind power generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vertical axis wind power generation system includes a vertical axis wind power generator and a peripheral wind power generation device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine may be a bowl-shaped liquid floating wind turbine, a bowl-shaped gas floating wind turbine or a gas-liquid hybrid wind turbine.
  • a wind power generator stator surrounds the vertical axis wind turbine and cuts the rotation of the wind turbine rotor to a magnetic induction line to convert the captured wind energy into electrical energy.
  • the vertical-axis wind turbine according to the present application can provide a huge blade and superstructure weight of up to 10 MW of installed load by providing a bowl-shaped thin-shell floating base, thereby greatly reducing the vertical position of the central bearing portion and the bottom bearing Load.
  • the surface coating layer can effectively reduce the frictional resistance between the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base and the liquid, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the power generating device.
  • materials used to make the entire system may include fiber reinforced composites, stainless steel, and ultra high performance concrete.
  • ultra high performance concrete the relative In the traditional wind power generation system, the cost of manufacturing, installation and maintenance will be greatly reduced, and the service life will be greatly improved.
  • due to the use of lightweight high-performance concrete the risk of fatigue in components such as central bearings has also been minimized.
  • the vertical axis wind power generator of the present application adopts liquid buoyancy or compressed gas buoyancy to support a wind energy conversion system composed of a bowl-shaped thin shell floating base and blades, which solves the problem that the traditional wind turbine bearing system is difficult to expand the power generation and is easily fatigue damaged.
  • the bottleneck can achieve a power generation level of 10 MW or even 100 MW.
  • the structure of the wind energy conversion system composed of the bowl-shaped thin shell floating base and the blade is reasonable and simple, and the hydrophobic treatment of the outer surface of the floating base can reduce the liquid resistance of the rotation around its central axis to a minimum, and the rotation is extremely stable.
  • the wind speed can be started at 4 meters/second, and the wind speed can be generated at 7 meters/second, which greatly improves the utilization of wind energy.
  • Floating bases and blades can be made of high-performance concrete, which greatly reduces costs, improves durability and reduces maintenance costs.
  • the present application also discloses a compressed gas suspension vertical axis wind power generator, a floating vertical axis wind power generator in which compressed gas and liquid are co-floating, and a wind power generation system including the above three vertical axis wind power generators.

Abstract

一种液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机（1000），其包括能够绕其中心轴旋转的碗状浮式基座（130）；通过至少一个支承部件（141、142）与碗状浮式基座（130）连接的多个捕风叶片（120），多个捕风叶片（120）由碗状浮式基座（130）支承；以及垂直轴支座（140），以同心于碗状浮式基座（130）的中心轴的方式连接至碗状浮式基座（130）。其中，多个捕风叶片（120）在风力作用下驱动碗状浮式基座（130）以漂浮的方式在液体中转动，从而驱动风力发电机（1000）的发电装置将动能转化为电能。还涉及一种压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发电机。

Description

垂直轴风力发电机 技术领域
本申请涉及碗状薄壳浮力式垂直轴风力发电机。
背景技术
风能是清洁能源的重要来源之一。近些年来，随着风力发电机的高速发展，风能引起了越来越多的关注，风力发电量也逐年上升。许多国家和地区计划大力发展风力发电行业。目前风电行业所使用的风力发电机可根据其转动轴的方向分为两种类型，即水平轴风力发电机(HAWT)和垂直轴风力发电机(VAWT)。
水平轴风力发电机为目前最常用的风力发电机类型。传统的水平轴风力发电机的风轮的旋转轴与风向平行，因此不能直接从不同的方向获取风能，也就是水平轴风力发电机不是全方向地利用风能。因此，水平轴风力发电机通常需要偏航操纵系统调整风轮方向来更多地捕获风能。偏航操纵系统一般包括控制装置和驱动机构。所述偏航操纵系统增加了水平轴风力发电机的总成本。此外，还需要额外的能量来运行偏航操纵系统。偏航操纵系统自重占整个风力发电机总重量的50％-60％，大大增加了承载和支承结构的疲劳风险。偏航操纵系统和承载系统通常由非常昂贵的金属合金制成，这也造成水平轴风力发电机成本的大幅攀升。
相对于水平轴风力发电机，垂直轴风力发电机能够在不同风向下运行，因此这种风力发电机不需要偏航操纵系统。然而，垂直轴风力发电机上部捕风叶片和连接部件的重量都由中央轴承承担。在风力发电机长期运行过程中，较大的自重不仅会导致强度和疲劳问题，还会显著增加连接轴承的摩擦力。该转动摩擦力必将显著降低垂直轴风力发电机的发电效率。
发明内容
根据本申请的一方面，提供了一种液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其包括：能够绕其中心轴旋转的碗状浮式基座；通过至少一个支承部件与碗状浮式基座连接的多个捕风叶片，多个捕风叶片由碗状浮式基座支承；以及垂直轴支座，以同心于碗状浮式基座的中心轴的方式连接至碗状浮式基座。其中，多个捕风叶片在风力作用下驱动碗状浮式基座以漂浮的方式在液体中转动，从而驱动风力发电机的发电装置将动能转化为电能。
根据本申请的一个实施方式，碗状浮式基座通过液体的浮力来支承支承部件和多个捕风叶片。
在一个实施方式中，垂直轴支座限制碗状浮式基座在水平方向上的移动，而不限制碗状浮式基座在垂直方向上的移动。碗状浮式基座通过连接部件与垂直轴支座连接。连接部件为设置于碗状浮式基座的中心定位管，中心定位管穿过碗状浮式基座的中心连接至垂直轴支座。
在一个实施方式中，碗状浮式基座旋转时驱动风力发电机的垂直轴旋转。支承部件的长度和桨叶角是可调节的。
在一个实施方式中，在碗状浮式基座的外表面涂覆有多巴胺自聚合材料层和疏水材料层，以减小碗状浮式基座在旋转过程中与液体之间的阻力。
根据另一实施方式，碗状浮式基座设置为包括封闭腔的封闭式基座，其中，在碗状浮式基座的封闭腔中注入压缩空气，以增加碗状浮式基座的浮力并减小与液体的摩擦力。
在一个实施方式中，发电装置设置为周边定位系统，周边定位系统包括固定于碗状浮式基座周边的磁性元件或精密水平轴承体系。
在一个实施方式中，碗状浮式基座、捕风叶片和支承部件的材料包括有机或无机纤维-聚合物、有机或无机纤维-卤氧镁水泥、有机或无机纤维-磷酸镁水泥复合材料、高性能轻质混凝土和不锈钢中的一种或多种，其中，有机或无机纤维-磷酸镁水泥复合材料包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、钢纤维和聚合物纤维中的一种或多种。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供了一种压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发 电机，其包括：能够绕其中心轴旋转的碗状浮式基座；通过至少一个支承部件与碗状浮式基座连接的多个捕风叶片，多个捕风叶片由碗状浮式基座支承；以及承载气垫支座，通过承载连接件与碗状浮式基座连接，承载气垫支座中设有多个孔，以供压缩气体由孔中均匀喷出从而使得碗状浮式基座能够在压缩气体的作用下悬浮。其中，多个捕风叶片在风力作用下驱动碗状浮式基座以悬浮的方式在承载气垫支座上方转动，从而驱动风力发电机的发电装置将动能转化为电能。
在一个实施方式中，承载气垫支座包括上部承载垫和下部承载垫，上部承载垫与下部承载垫之间设有空隙以容纳压缩气体形成的气泡层。承载连接件嵌入上部承载垫中或与上部承载垫形成为一体。
附图说明
通过参考下面附图对本申请的具体实施方式的描述，将更好地理解本申请要求保护的方案及其优点。在附图中：
图1是根据本申请一个实施方式的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机的示意图；
图2是图1所示的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机的俯视示意图；
图3是根据本申请另一实施方式的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机的示意图；
图4是根据本申请又一实施方式的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机的示意图；
图5是图4所示的套筒的局部放大示意图；
图6是根据本申请一个实施方式的压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发电机的示意图；
图7是根据本申请一个实施方式的压缩气体与液体共浮的浮式垂直轴风力发电机的示意图；
图8是根据本申请一个实施方式的垂直轴风力发电系统的立体示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本申请，将参考附图对本申请的各个方面做出更详细的说明。所述附图和详细说明只是对本申请优选实施方案的描述，而非以任何方式限制本申请的范围。
图1示出了根据本申请一个实施方式的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000的示意图，图2是图1所示的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000的俯视示意图。下面将参照图1和图2对液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000进行详细描述。
如图1和图2所示，液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000可包括垂直轴110、捕风叶片120、碗状薄壳浮式基座130、垂直轴支座140和支承部件141、142。在图1中出于清楚描述的目的示出了三个捕风叶片，但本申请捕风叶片的数量不限于三个。多个捕风叶片120平行于风力发电机1000的垂直轴110设置，并通过相应的支承部件141、142连接至垂直轴110。捕风叶片120可为多种形式和材料的捕风叶片，在一个实施方式中，多个捕风叶片同心且等距地连接至垂直轴110。此外，捕风叶片120可具有任何适合的形状和材料，例如NACA翼型，以便该捕风叶片能够在最小的风速启动。捕风叶片120可由任何合适的轻量或超轻量材料制成，例如水泥基复合材料。
接着参照图1，支承部件141、142包括支承杆141和中央转动连接件142。捕风叶片120通过支承杆141与中央转动连接件142连接。中央转动连接件142可为轴承，因此，支承杆141能够绕垂直轴110转动。捕风叶片120通过支承杆141和中央转动连接件142同心地与垂直轴110转动连接。
在图1示出的实施方式中，支承部件141将捕风叶片120与碗状薄壳浮式基座130连接。
支承杆141的长度和桨叶角均是可调节的。碗状薄壳浮式基座130能够以漂浮的方式在液体中转动。本申请中的液体可为水或其他任何合适的液体。碗状薄壳浮式基座130可为开放的或密封的。根据图1所示的实施方式，碗状薄壳浮式基座130与支承杆141连接以通过支承部件141承载捕风叶片120的重量。
垂直轴110沿中心线贯穿碗状薄壳浮式基座130被固定在垂直轴 支座140上。垂直轴支座140以同心于碗状浮式基座130的中心轴的方式连接至碗状浮式基座130。在一个实施方式中，垂直轴支座140限制碗状浮式基座130在水平方向上的移动，而不限制碗状浮式基座130在垂直方向上的移动。碗状浮式基座130通过连接部件与垂直轴支座140连接。连接部件为设置于碗状浮式基座130的中心定位管，中心定位管穿过碗状浮式基座的中心连接至垂直轴支座140。
为了减小碗状薄壳浮式基座130与液体之间的阻力，在碗状薄壳浮式基座130外表面涂覆有多巴胺自聚合材料层和疏水材料层。由于多巴胺可在大部分材料的表面聚合，首先在碗状薄壳浮式基座130外表面形成第一涂覆层。然后，在第一涂覆层之外涂覆有机材料，例如疏水聚合物，从而降低碗状薄壳浮式基座130外表面的张力。
在一个实施方式中，将碗状薄壳浮式基座130浸入浓度为2mg/ml的多巴胺/水溶液，并使用三羟基氨基甲烷作为缓冲溶液。浸泡溶液的PH值调整为9。6小时之后，碗状薄壳浮式基座130的外表面形成聚合多巴胺膜层，该层的厚度约为30nm。然后，可将具有疏水性、弹性和高耐磨性的超高分子量聚乙烯溶解于有机溶剂，将所述溶液喷涂在碗状薄壳浮式基座130外表面第一涂覆层上，形成第二涂覆层，可有效地减小碗状薄壳浮式基座130与液体之间的阻力。
图3是根据本申请另一实施方式的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机的示意图。图3所示的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000’的大部分配置与图1所示的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000相同，不同之处仅在于连接部件141’的设置方式。
如图3所示，液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000’可包括垂直轴110、捕风叶片120、碗状薄壳浮式基座130和支承部件141’、142。其中，支承部件141’、142包括支承杆141’和中央转动连接件142。支承杆141’包含的两个连接部件在水平方向上彼此平行。其中一个连接部件水平地连接捕风叶片120和垂直轴110，。另外一个连接部件水平地连接捕风叶片和中央转动连接件142，同时与碗状薄壳浮式基座130固定连接以承载捕风叶片120和连接部件141’、142的重量。
图4示出根据本申请又一实施方式的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电 机。如图所示，垂直轴支座170与底部承托套筒162通过轴承同心相连，套筒162以壁十字交叉方式贯穿销钉，垂直轴底部十字交叉设置四条导槽，使得垂直轴、碗状薄壳浮式基座、连接部件、捕风叶片得以上下浮动，同时保证垂直轴随捕风叶片和碗状薄壳浮式基座而转动。同理，设置垂直轴顶端通过连接套筒161与发电装置连接，以保证发电机转子与垂直轴在风力带动下转动，从而将风能转化为电能。磁性元件190为分别固定在液体池壁与浮式基座边壁的周边定位系统，磁性元件通过相同磁极相对产生相互排斥的磁力，对碗状薄壳浮式基座水平方向进行约束，以防碗状浮式基座高风速作用下水平方向发生倾斜。承托181和182为设置在垂直轴上承担连接部件和捕风叶片自重的结构部件。垂直轴固结挂钩183，以在碗状薄壳浮式基座铺设帆布，封闭碗状薄壳浮式基座，防止雨水等落入碗状薄壳浮式基座内部。
图6是根据本申请一个实施方式的压缩气体悬浮式垂直轴风力发电机2000的示意图。如图6所示，压缩气体悬浮式垂直轴风力发电机2000可包括垂直轴210、捕风叶片220、碗状薄壳浮式基座230和支承部件241、242。此外，在图5所示的实施方式中，垂直轴风力发电机2000还包括承载气垫支座250和承载连接件260。
垂直轴210、捕风叶片220、碗状薄壳浮式基座230和支承部件241、242的连接方式以及运行方式分别与图1和图2所示的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机1000中的垂直轴110、捕风叶片120、碗状薄壳浮式基座130和支承部件141、142相同，此处不再赘述。
如图6所示，承载气垫支座250通过承载连接件260与碗状薄壳浮式基座230连接。在一个实施方式中，承载气垫支座250中均匀地设有多个孔，从而使得碗状薄壳浮式基座230能够在压缩气体的作用下以悬浮的方式转动。在一个实施方式中，可通过外部气体源提供高压压缩气体(最低700kPa)至承载气垫支座。
承载气垫支座250包括上、下两部分，在两部分之间设有孔隙以容纳压缩气体形成的气流。压缩空气可从下部承载气垫进入，穿过承载气垫中的多个孔到达上部承载气垫与下部承载气垫之间的间隙。压缩空气减小浮式基座的吃水深度，进一步减小与液体的摩擦力。压缩 空气与液体的共同浮力用于支承除垂直轴支座外其他构件的重量。
承载气垫支座250可以由水泥基复合材料构成。承载连接件260嵌入上部承载气垫中或与上部承载气垫形成为一体。通过承载连接件260确保碗状薄壳浮式基座230与承载气垫支座之间的距离，保证碗状薄壳浮式基座可以自由转动。
配置相应的备用电源以确保在设备维护、风力发电机关闭期间以及超低发电量期间保持压缩气体的供给。
图7是根据本申请又一个实施方式的压缩气体与液体共浮的浮式垂直轴风力发电机3000的示意图。图中碗状薄壳浮式基座330底部中心呈敞开式圆形孔，顶部密封。浮式基座330浸入液体之后，在该浮式基座内部注入压缩气体，通过压缩空气减小浮式基座330的吃水深度，进一步减小与液体的摩擦力。压缩空气与液体的共同浮力用于支承除垂直轴支座外其他构件的重量。
连接套筒361、362、捕风叶片320、支承部件381、382和垂直轴支座370的连接方式以及运行方式分别与图4所示的垂直轴风力发电机中的连接套筒161、162、捕风叶片120、支承部件181、182和垂直轴支座170相同，此处不再赘述。
图8是根据本申请一个实施方式的垂直轴风力发电系统的立体示意图。如图8所示，垂直轴风力发电系统包括根据本申请实施方式的垂直轴风力发电机以及周边风力发电装置。垂直轴风力发电机可以是碗状液体浮式风力发电机、碗状气体浮式风力发电机或气液混合型风力发电机。风力发电装置定子环绕该垂直轴风力发电机，并将风力发电机转子的转动切割磁感线，从而将捕获的风能转化为电能。
根据本申请的垂直轴风力发电机通过设置了碗状薄壳浮式基座，从而能够承担高达10MW装机荷载的巨大叶片和上部结构重量，从而极大地减小中央轴承部位和底部承载的竖向荷载。表面涂敷层可以有效降低碗状薄壳浮式基座与液体之间的摩擦阻力，从而提高发电装置的发电效率。
此外，用于制造整个系统的材料可包括纤维增强复合材料、不锈钢和超高性能混凝土等。当整个系统由超高性能混凝土制造时，相对 于传统的风力发电系统，其制造、安装和维护成本会大幅降低，大幅提升使用寿命。而且，由于采用了轻质高性能混凝土，中央轴承等部件的疲劳风险也得到了最大限度的降低。
本申请的垂直轴风力发电机采用液体浮力或压缩气体浮力支承由碗状薄壳浮式基座与叶片组成的风能转换系统，解决了传统风力发电机轴承系统难以扩大发电量且易疲劳损坏的瓶颈，可以做到10兆瓦甚至100兆瓦的发电级别。碗状薄壳浮式基座与叶片组成的风能转换系统结构合理简单，加之浮式基座外表面的憎水处理，其绕自身中心轴的旋转所遇液体阻力可降至最小，旋转极其稳定，4米/秒风速即可启动，7米/秒风速即可发电，从而大大提高风能利用率。浮式基座与叶片可用高性能混凝土制作，从而大大降低成本，提高耐久性能，减少维修费用。此外，本申请还公开了一种压缩气体悬浮式垂直轴风力发电机、压缩气体与液体共浮的浮式垂直轴风力发电机以及一种包括上述三种垂直轴风力发电机的风力发电系统。
以上参照附图对本申请的示例性的实施方案进行了系统地描述。本领域技术人员应该理解，上述实施方案仅仅是为了说明的目所举的示例，不是用来对本申请进行限制。凡在本申请的指导和权利要求保护范围下所作的任何修改、等同替换等，均应包含在本申请要求保护的范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，包括：
    能够绕其中心轴旋转的碗状浮式基座；
    通过至少一个支承部件与所述碗状浮式基座连接的多个捕风叶片，所述多个捕风叶片由所述碗状浮式基座支承；以及
    垂直轴支座，以同心于所述碗状浮式基座的中心轴的方式连接至所述碗状浮式基座；
    其中，所述多个捕风叶片在风力作用下驱动所述碗状浮式基座以漂浮的方式在液体中转动，从而驱动所述风力发电机的发电装置将动能转化为电能。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述碗状浮式基座通过液体的浮力来支承所述支承部件和所述多个捕风叶片。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述垂直轴支座限制所述碗状浮式基座在水平方向上的移动，而不限制所述碗状浮式基座在垂直方向上的移动。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述碗状浮式基座通过连接部件与所述垂直轴支座连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述连接部件为设置于所述碗状浮式基座的中心定位管，所述中心定位管穿过所述碗状浮式基座的中心连接至所述垂直轴支座。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述碗状浮式基座旋转时驱动所述风力发电机的垂直轴旋转。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述支承部件的长度和桨叶角是可调节的。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，在所述碗状浮式基座的外表面涂覆有多巴胺自聚合材料层和疏水材料层，以减小所述碗状浮式基座在旋转过程中与液体之间的阻力。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述碗状浮式基座设置为包括封闭腔的封闭式基座，其中，在所述碗状浮式基座的封闭腔中注入压缩空气，以增加所述碗状浮式基座的浮力并减小与液体的摩擦力。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述发电装置设置为周边定位系统，所述周边定位系统包括固定于所述碗状浮式基座周边的磁性元件或精密水平轴承体系。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的液体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述碗状浮式基座、所述捕风叶片和所述支承部件的材料包括有机或无机纤维-聚合物、有机或无机纤维-卤氧镁水泥、有机或无机纤维-磷酸镁水泥复合材料、高性能轻质混凝土和不锈钢中的一种或多种，其中，所述有机或无机纤维-磷酸镁水泥复合材料包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、钢纤维和聚合物纤维中的一种或多种。
  12. 一种压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，包括：
    能够绕其中心轴旋转的碗状浮式基座；
    通过至少一个支承部件与所述碗状浮式基座连接的多个捕风叶片，所述多个捕风叶片由所述碗状浮式基座支承；以及
    承载气垫支座，通过承载连接件与所述碗状浮式基座连接，所述承载气垫支座中设有多个孔，以供压缩气体由孔中均匀喷出从而使得所述碗状浮式基座能够在所述压缩气体的作用下悬浮；
    其中，所述多个捕风叶片在风力作用下驱动所述碗状浮式基座以悬浮的方式在所述承载气垫支座上方转动，从而驱动所述风力发电机的发电装置将动能转化为电能。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述承载气垫支座包括上部承载垫和下部承载垫，所述上部承载垫与所述下部承载垫之间设有空隙以容纳所述压缩气体形成的气流。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的压缩气体浮式垂直轴风力发电机，其中，所述承载连接件嵌入所述上部承载垫中或与所述上部承载垫形成为一体。
PCT/CN2015/097589 2014-12-19 2015-12-16 垂直轴风力发电机 WO2016095821A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462124429P 2014-12-19 2014-12-19
US62/124,429 2014-12-19
CN201510552718.6A CN105715456B (zh) 2014-12-19 2015-09-01 垂直轴风力发电机
CN201510552718.6 2015-09-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016095821A1 true WO2016095821A1 (zh) 2016-06-23

Family

ID=56125943

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2015/097589 WO2016095821A1 (zh) 2014-12-19 2015-12-16 垂直轴风力发电机

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2016095821A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115871874A (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-03-31 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 一种海洋能浮标

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101666291A (zh) * 2009-10-12 2010-03-10 李启山 采用现代技术改进后的中国帆式转轮
CN102162432A (zh) * 2011-03-14 2011-08-24 潘国平 海上浮动式风力洋流和波浪发电站
US20120104762A1 (en) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Large floating vertical axis wind turbine
CN202673576U (zh) * 2012-07-09 2013-01-16 赵欣 垂直轴双支杆水浮船式特大型风力发电机组结构
WO2013092362A2 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-27 Asah Lm Eolienne à pales montée sur une plateforme rotative

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101666291A (zh) * 2009-10-12 2010-03-10 李启山 采用现代技术改进后的中国帆式转轮
US20120104762A1 (en) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. Large floating vertical axis wind turbine
CN102162432A (zh) * 2011-03-14 2011-08-24 潘国平 海上浮动式风力洋流和波浪发电站
WO2013092362A2 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-27 Asah Lm Eolienne à pales montée sur une plateforme rotative
CN202673576U (zh) * 2012-07-09 2013-01-16 赵欣 垂直轴双支杆水浮船式特大型风力发电机组结构

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115871874A (zh) * 2022-02-15 2023-03-31 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 一种海洋能浮标

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8922047B2 (en) Wind turbine
KR101242064B1 (ko) 해상 풍력발전 시스템의 항력 저감장치
JP2013540934A (ja) 最適化されたブレードを有し、風力および／または水力のために風／水を追跡するツインタービンシステム
CN1696500A (zh) 全方位风轮机发电系统
WO2009075872A1 (en) Vertical axis wind turbine with rotating cantilever shaft
KR20130045140A (ko) 압전 하베스팅 시스템
US8137052B1 (en) Wind turbine generator
CN101994637B (zh) 一种座底式潮流发电装置
CN103266982A (zh) 一种波能转换气动发电方法和装置
WO2011134372A1 (zh) 聚风风轮装置及一种风力发电设备
CN201159141Y (zh) 两用风力发电机
JP2021008881A (ja) 垂直軸式風力発電機
CN106907299A (zh) 一种无叶片的风力发电机装置
US8629570B1 (en) Wind turbine blades with reinforcing, supporting and stabilizing components and enlarged swept area
WO2021023004A1 (zh) 一种水平轴风力发电机
JP2011012584A (ja) 風力発電装置
WO2019101106A1 (zh) 一种提高低流速的动力装置
WO2016095821A1 (zh) 垂直轴风力发电机
CN203272020U (zh) 垂直轴式风力发电机
WO2009092191A1 (zh) 一种升降式高空风力发电设备及涡轮发电装置
CN107327369A (zh) 叶片自保护型风能发电装置
CN105715456B (zh) 垂直轴风力发电机
CN104153944B (zh) 一种大型海上垂直轴风力发电机组
CN203230522U (zh) 立式海洋能发电装置框架
CN103147909B (zh) 升力型椭圆球式真空磁悬浮风力机

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 15869328

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 15869328

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1