WO2021023004A1 - 一种水平轴风力发电机 - Google Patents

一种水平轴风力发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021023004A1
WO2021023004A1 PCT/CN2020/103193 CN2020103193W WO2021023004A1 WO 2021023004 A1 WO2021023004 A1 WO 2021023004A1 CN 2020103193 W CN2020103193 W CN 2020103193W WO 2021023004 A1 WO2021023004 A1 WO 2021023004A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tower
wind
main body
collecting plate
connecting part
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/103193
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
米建军
Original Assignee
米建军
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 米建军 filed Critical 米建军
Priority to CN202090000651.XU priority Critical patent/CN218479877U/zh
Publication of WO2021023004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021023004A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wind power generation, in particular to a horizontal axis wind power generator provided with a wind gathering plate.
  • Wind energy resources are abundant, clean, and everywhere. In recent years, more and more wind energy is used all over the world. Among them, there are various wind power generators, such as horizontal axis wind power generators, vertical axis wind power generators, etc. Now all kinds of wind power generators still exist The problem of high cost and low wind utilization efficiency affects its popularization and development. Compared with other types of wind turbines, horizontal-axis wind turbines have many advantages, but there are also many problems in the operation of horizontal-axis wind turbines.
  • the impeller rotates on a vertical surface. There is a difference in wind speed between the top and bottom of the impeller. Generally, the wind speed at the top is greater than that at the bottom.
  • Each blade on the impeller is unevenly affected by the wind during the rotation, that is, in the position where the wind is strong.
  • the force of the blade is large, and the force is small at the position of low wind.
  • the force of the blade changes periodically, and the blade shakes, which causes the impeller, generator nacelle, The shaking of the tower and the tower will affect the safety and power generation efficiency of the entire wind turbine.
  • the blades in the position with low wind will hinder the rotation of the blades in the position with high wind. A lot of wind energy is lost, and the tower is in the lower half of the impeller's rotating shaft, which also affects the wind, so it needs to be improved.
  • each blade In one rotation period of each blade, the force of the blades therefore periodically changes, and the blades therefore shake, which causes the shaking of the impeller, generator nacelle, and tower, which affects the safety and power generation efficiency of the entire wind turbine.
  • the blades at the position with low wind will hinder the rotation of the blades at the position with high wind, so a lot of wind energy is lost.
  • the tower is in the lower half of the rotating shaft of the impeller. It also has an impact, so it needs improvement.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a horizontal axis wind power generator with wind gathering plates, which solves the problems of low wind power utilization efficiency and unsafe wind power of the existing wind power generators with different wind sizes in the upper and lower parts.
  • a horizontal axis wind power generator including a tower, an impeller, a generator compartment, the impeller rotation drives the generator compartment to generate electricity
  • the generator compartment is rotatably fixed on the top of the tower and installed on the tower
  • a wind collecting plate which is connected to the tower through a connecting part, and rotates around the axis of the tower through the connecting part.
  • the cross section of the wind collecting plate is a curved sheet.
  • the wind collecting plate is at the bottom of the outer side of the impeller rotation range.
  • the plane of rotation with the impeller is kept on the same plane, that is, the wind gathering plate rotates synchronously with the impeller.
  • the tower includes a cylindrical or a bracket, and the cylindrical is called a tower.
  • a connecting part is provided between the tower and the wind collecting plate, the wind collecting plate rotates around the tower through the connecting part, the connecting part can be a bearing, the bearing inner ring is fixedly connected to the tower, the bearing outer ring is connected to the wind collecting plate, and the bearing The inner ring and the outer ring can rotate mutually to make the wind gathering plate rotate around the tower.
  • the tower is a tower tube
  • the track is fixed around the tower
  • the wind collecting plate is fixed with a pulley
  • the pulley rotates along the track
  • the connecting part can be a gear ring
  • the gear ring is fixed on the tower
  • the gear is fixed to the wind collecting plate
  • the gear rotation can drive the wind gathering plate to rotate around the tower
  • the gear ring can be fixedly connected with the wind gathering plate, and at least three gears are arranged on the tower, evenly distributed around the same horizontal plane of the tower, the gears and the gear ring cooperate with each other
  • Conical gear and gear ring can be used, which can provide axial and radial forces at the same time.
  • the rotation of the gear drives the rotation of the gear ring
  • the rotation of the gear ring drives the rotation of the wind collecting plate.
  • the wind collecting plate can be connected with multiple connecting parts, for example, the bottom of the wind collecting plate is connected to one connecting part, and the two ends of the wind collecting plate are connected to another connecting part, which increases the stability of the wind collecting plate and drives the rotation of the wind collecting plate.
  • the connecting part is provided with a device associated with the wind of the impeller, and the synchronous impeller and the wind collecting plate can be in various forms.
  • the generator compartment and the connecting part can be fixedly connected by pure machinery to make the generator compartment, the connecting part and the wind collecting
  • the board moves synchronously, and an electric drive device can be installed at the connection part, which can be electrically connected with the wind device of the generator cabin in a wired or wireless manner.
  • the drive connection part and the wind gathering plate move synchronously, and the wind gathering board can also be set to drive the wind separately The device keeps the wind gathering plate at an angle to the wind.
  • the preferred tower adopts the most commonly used tower structure, and a rectifying device is added on one side of the tower.
  • the rectifying device includes a trough-shaped extension body whose cross-section is approximately V-shaped.
  • the opening of the V-shaped body is close to the outer surface of the tower.
  • the main body is connected to the outer surface of the tower through the connecting part, so that the tower and the main body form a streamlined shape from the tower to the main body.
  • the main body rotates around the axis of the tower through the connecting part.
  • the two sides of the main body can be flat. To achieve the best effect, the two sides of the main body are smoothly curved, so that the cross section formed from the tower tube to these two surfaces is close to the optimized drop-shaped structure.
  • the opening of the main body is along the The shortest distance between the surface of the tower is less than the half circumference of the tower in the same horizontal plane.
  • the size of the main body changes according to the diameter of the tower. That is, as the diameter of the tower increases, the main body also increases in size to fit the tower.
  • the best streamline shape is formed so that there will be no turbulent flow near the tower.
  • the tail of the main body is equipped with diversion protrusions.
  • the tail of the main body has radial elasticity. The radial elasticity can reduce the influence of turbulent flow.
  • the main body has a reinforcing bracket.
  • the two sides of the main body are symmetrical to each other.
  • the connecting part and the main body are provided with a groove-shaped beak at a position opposite to the tower.
  • the opening of the beak faces the tower and is arranged from the top to the base of the tower.
  • the connecting part can be a bearing
  • the bearing inner ring is fixedly connected to the tower tube
  • the bearing outer ring is connected to the main body
  • a groove-shaped beak is fixed on the bearing outer ring
  • the opening of the pointed beak faces the tower tube
  • the pointed beak is located at the relative position of the main body and the tower tube, and can follow the outer ring of the bearing to rotate.
  • the pointed beak rotates with the connecting part and keeps the position of the tower tube relative to the main body.
  • the setting of the pointed beak is also suitable for track or ring gear, etc.
  • the pointed beak and the main body are respectively connected with pulleys and rails.
  • the main body and the pointed beak are connected by a connecting rod surrounding the tower.
  • the distance between the pointed beak openings along the outer surface of the tower is less than the four-half circumference of the tower on the same level.
  • One-half the length and small size of the pointed beak is beneficial to reduce the weight and cost of the pointed beak.
  • the tip of the pointed beak is provided with a shunting protrusion.
  • the arrangement of the pointed beak can have a shunting effect and further reduce resistance.
  • the sharp beak, the wind collecting plate and the main body of the rectifying device are all fixed to the tower tube through the connecting part, including the upwind type and the downwind type.
  • the impeller of the upwind wind turbine is in the direction of the incoming wind relative to the tower tube, and the pointed beak and the wind collecting plate Also relative to the tower tube in the direction of the incoming wind, that is, the impeller, the pointed beak and the wind collecting plate are opposite to the main tower tube of the rectification device.
  • the impeller of the downwind wind turbine is in the direction of the wind relative to the tower tube, and the pointed beak is coming in.
  • the direction of the wind, and the main body of the wind collecting plate and the rectifying device are also in the direction of the wind relative to the tower, that is, the impeller, the main body of the wind collecting plate and the rectifying device are on the same side of the tower.
  • the sharp beak, the wind gathering plate and the main body are all connected with the connecting part, so that the sharp beak, the wind gathering plate and the main body can move synchronously through only one driving device, and they can play their roles together.
  • the sharp beak, the wind collecting plate and the main body are connected with the tower tube through the connection part as a limit connection, that is, after the connecting part is installed in place, when the sharp beak, wind collecting plate and the main body are subjected to external forces from other directions, they cannot be removed from the installation position Falling off, for example, when the connecting part of the bearing, the sharp beak, the wind gathering plate and the main body are subjected to vertical force, they cannot move in the vertical direction of the tower, so the inner and outer rings of the bearing need to be used such as deep groove ball bearings.
  • a blocking device that prevents the inner and outer rings of the bearing from rotating axially, such as a brake device, which is installed between the inner and outer rings of the bearing to prevent the inner and outer rings from rotating each other, so that when the connecting part does not need to rotate, Make the sharp beak, the wind gathering plate and the main body fixedly connected with the tower tube and cannot move in any direction, and when the connecting part is connected by a track, the connected pulley also needs to adopt a structure that can limit the position, such as using at least two pulleys from The track is clamped in different directions. This design prevents the connecting part from falling off the tower due to external force.
  • the pulley can be equipped with a brake device, so that the pulley brakes when the connecting part does not need to rotate.
  • the impeller rotation range is a vertical circular plane with the impeller shaft center, the length of the wind collecting plate is less than half of the impeller rotation range, that is, the wind collecting plate is set at the bottom of the impeller, and the two ends of the wind collecting plate extend below the horizontal line of the impeller axis. Because the wind at the bottom of the impeller is the smallest, it gradually increases upwards. The width of the wind collecting plate gradually narrows from the bottom to the two ends.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the wind collecting plate relative to the position of the impeller is the front opening, the rear opening or the opening on both sides. Wind type, diffusion type or wind gathering diffusion type.
  • the wind gathering board can be arranged in multiple layers, that is, one or more wind gathering boards are arranged on the outside of one wind gathering board to increase the wind gathering effect.
  • the wind gathering plate is connected to the tower, and the connection position is relatively low at the bottom of the impeller. Compared with other positions fixed on the generator nacelle or the impeller shaft, the invention is more stable and reliable.
  • the sharp beak, the wind gathering plate and the main body material can be made of various materials. They are made of plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, carbon fiber and other light and anti-aging materials. The use of polymer materials such as polycarbon fiber or PET plastic and other transparent materials can increase the aesthetics, and even use ultra-thin steel. Glass production can also be made of thin-film solar panels. There are brackets inside the thin-film solar panels. The electricity generated by the thin-film solar panels can be transmitted to the base of the tower by setting a carbon brush at the connection part and output to the outside, which can transmit the electricity to the generator cabin.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that a wind generator adopting the wind collecting plate of the present invention enables the impeller of the wind generator to obtain strong and uniform wind power throughout the operation range, reduces the shaking of the blades and the impeller, and reduces The shaking of the generator nacelle and the tower, the tower rectifier reduces the resistance of the tower, reduces the vibration of the tower caused by the vortex street generated by the wind passing through the tower, and shares the connection part with the tower rectifier, which cooperates with each other to greatly improve Wind power utilization efficiency and safety of wind turbines.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an upwind type wind power generator provided with a wind gathering plate according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of an upwind type wind power generator provided with a wind gathering plate according to the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic horizontal cross-sectional view of an upwind wind power generator provided with a wind gathering plate according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a downwind type wind power generator provided with a wind gathering plate according to the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the opening of the wind collecting plate of a wind generator according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a downwind type wind power generator provided with a wind gathering plate according to the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a bracket-type tower wind turbine with wind collecting plates according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the opening of the multi-layer wind gathering plate of a wind generator of the present invention.
  • 1 is the blade
  • 2 is the generator nacelle
  • 3 is the tower
  • 4 is the wind collecting plate
  • 5 is the connecting part
  • 6 is the sharp beak
  • 7 is the wind collecting plate bracket
  • 8 is the main body
  • 9 is the guide protrusion
  • 10 To strengthen the support 11 is the tower.
  • Figure 1 is a front schematic diagram of an upwind wind generator with wind collecting plates according to the present invention
  • Figure 1 is a blade, and three uniformly distributed blades 1 form an impeller.
  • the central shaft is connected to the generator compartment 2.
  • the generator compartment 2 is set on the top of the tower 3 and can be rotated on the horizontal plane.
  • the tower 3 is equipped with a tower rectifier. It can be seen from the figure that it is in the direction from the top to the base of the tower 3
  • the dotted circle in the figure indicates the rotation range of the impeller.
  • the wind collecting plate 4 and the connecting part 5 have multiple fixed points, and the middle of the wind collecting plate 4 It is fixed to a connecting part 5, both ends of the wind collecting plate 4 are also fixed to the other connecting part 5 of the lower part by the wind collecting bracket 7, and the pointed beak 6 is fixed to the connecting part 5 in turn.
  • the blade 1, the wind collecting plate 4 and the tip The beaks 6 are all set in the direction of the wind coming from the tower 3.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of an upwind type wind generator equipped with a wind collecting plate of the present invention
  • Figure 1 is a blade, a plurality of blades 1 form an impeller, and the central axis of the impeller is connected to the generator compartment 2, and the generator compartment 2. It is set on the top of the tower 3 and can be rotated in the horizontal plane.
  • the tower 3 is equipped with a tower rectifying device.
  • anti-wind device in the connecting part and an anti-wind device in the generator cabin.
  • the two can work independently or in association.
  • anti-wind devices active, passive or electric.
  • the thin-film solar cells can be used for the sheet-like structure of the pointed beak 6, the impeller and the wind collecting plate 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of an upwind type wind generator with wind gathering plates of the present invention; in the figure 3 is a tower, 4 is a wind gathering plate, 5 is a connecting part, 6 is a sharp beak, and 7 is a gathering The wind plate support, 8 is the main body, and 10 is the reinforced support. From this figure, the positional relationship among the wind gathering plate 4, the sharp beak 7 and the main body 8 in the upwind wind turbine can be explained.
  • Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a downwind wind generator equipped with a wind gathering plate of the present invention
  • a wind gathering plate in the figure 3 is a tower
  • 4 is a wind gathering plate
  • 5 is a connecting part
  • 6 is a sharp beak
  • 7 is a gathering
  • 8 is the main body
  • 9 is the diversion protrusion
  • 10 is the reinforcement bracket. From this figure, the positional relationship among the wind gathering plate 4, the sharp beak 7 and the main body 8 in the downwind wind turbine can be explained.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the opening of the wind gathering plate of a wind generator of the present invention.
  • 1 is the blade
  • 4 is the wind gathering plate
  • the arrow is the direction of the wind
  • the wind gathering plate 4 in the figure has three different cross-sections. , These can be selected and used according to actual conditions.
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram of a downwind type wind generator with wind collecting plates according to the present invention
  • 1 is a blade
  • 2 is a generator nacelle
  • 3 is a tower
  • 4 is a wind collecting plate
  • 5 is a connection Part
  • 6 is the pointed beak
  • 7 is the wind collecting plate support
  • 8 is the main body
  • 9 is the diversion protrusion
  • the arrow is the direction of the wind
  • the impeller composed of blades 1, the wind collecting plate 4, and the main body 8 They are all on the leeward side of the tower 3, and the sharp beak 6 is on the upwind side of the tower 3.
  • the impeller composed of the blade 1, the wind collecting plate 4, and the main body 8 separate the tower 3 in a straight line.
  • Figure 7 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram of a bracket-type tower provided with wind collecting plates of the present invention
  • 4 is the wind collecting plate
  • 5 is the connecting part
  • 7 is the wind collecting plate bracket
  • 11 is the tower
  • the cross section of 11 is quadrilateral.
  • the tower 11 is a columnar structure formed by connecting various supports.
  • the connecting part 5 is fixed with the four corners of the tower 11, and the wind collecting plate 4 is fixed.
  • the tower 11 rotates.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the opening of the multi-layer wind gathering plate of a wind generator of the present invention; in the figure 1 is a blade, 4 is a wind gathering plate, and the wind gathering plate 4 adopts a double-layer structure with several ribs passing between the two layers. Keep the distance between the connections, which can enhance the wind gathering effect, which can be selected according to the actual situation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种水平轴风力发电机，包括塔筒（3），叶片（1）组成的叶轮，发电机舱（2），叶轮转动带动发电机舱（2）发电，发电机舱（2）转动地固定在塔筒（3）顶部，在塔筒（3）设有聚风板（4），聚风板（4）通过连接部（5）与塔筒（3）连接，通过连接部（5）围绕塔筒（3）轴心转动，聚风板（4）横截面是弯曲的片状，聚风板（4）在叶轮转动范围外侧底部，聚风板（4）与叶轮转动的平面保持在同一平面，也即聚风板（4）跟随叶轮同步转动，解决了现有风力发电机上下部分风力大小不同风力发电机风力利用效率低和不安全的问题，

Description

一种水平轴风力发电机 技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电领域, 具体是一种设有聚风板的水平轴风力发电机。
 背景技术
风能资源丰富，洁净，遍及任何角落，近年世界各地利用风能越来越多，其中有各种风力发电机，例如水平轴风力发电机，垂直轴风力发电机等， 现在各种风力发电机仍然存在造价高，风力利用效率低的问题，影响其普及发展，水平轴风力发电机比较其他类型风力发电机具有很多优点，但是在水平轴风力发电机的运行中也存在很多问题，水平轴风力发电机的叶轮是在竖直的面上转动运行，在叶轮运行的顶部和底部风速有差别，一般顶部风速大于底部，叶轮上的每个叶片在转动过程中受风力不均匀，即在风力大的位置叶片受力弯曲大，而在风力小的位置受力弯曲小，在每个叶片的一个旋转周期内，叶片的受力因此发生周期性的变化，叶片因此晃动，由此引起叶轮，发电机舱，和塔筒的晃动，影响整个风力发电机的安全和发电效率，同时，因为所有叶片固定分布在一个叶轮，在风力小的位置的叶片会阻碍减慢在风力大的位置的叶片的转动，因此损失很多风能，塔筒在叶轮的旋转轴下半部分，对风力也有影响，因此需要改进。
 技术问题
在每个叶片的一个旋转周期内，叶片的受力因此发生周期性的变化，叶片因此晃动，由此引起叶轮，发电机舱，和塔筒的晃动，影响整个风力发电机的安全和发电效率，同时，因为所有叶片固定分布在一个叶轮，在风力小的位置的叶片会阻碍减慢在风力大的位置的叶片的转动，因此损失很多风能，塔筒在叶轮的旋转轴下半部分，对风力也有影响，因此需要改进。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的是在于提供一种设有聚风板的水平轴风力发电机，解决现有风力发电机上下部分风力大小不同风力发电机风力利用效率低和不安全的问题。
本发明为实现上述目的，通过以下技术方案实现：一种水平轴风力发电机，包括塔架，叶轮，发电机舱，叶轮转动带动发电机舱发电，发电机舱转动地固定在塔架顶部，在塔架设有聚风板，聚风板通过连接部与塔架连接，通过连接部围绕塔架轴心转动，聚风板横截面是弯曲的片状，聚风板在叶轮转动范围外侧底部，聚风板与叶轮转动的平面保持在同一平面，也即聚风板跟随叶轮同步转动，塔架包括筒状的或支架状，筒状的叫做塔筒。
在塔架和聚风板之间设有连接部，聚风板通过连接部围绕塔架转动，连接部可以为轴承，轴承内圈与塔架固定连接，轴承外圈与聚风板连接，轴承内圈和外圈可以相互转动而使聚风板围绕塔架转动，如果塔架是塔筒，甚至可以用塔筒表面制作有环状凹陷，代替轴承的内圈，或连接部是在塔架设置轨道，轨道环绕塔架固定，聚风板固定设有滑轮，滑轮沿着轨道转动，或连接部可以是齿环，齿环固定在塔架，设齿轮固定在聚风板，齿轮咬合齿环，齿轮转动可以带动聚风板环绕塔架转动，反之，齿环可以与聚风板固定连接，而在塔架设置至少三个齿轮，均匀分布环绕在塔架同一水平面，齿轮与齿环相互配合，可以采用锥形齿轮和齿环，能够同时提供轴向和径向的力量，齿轮转动带动齿环转动，齿环转动带动聚风板转动，一个连接部与聚风板之间可以多个连接点，聚风板可以与多个连接部连接，例如聚风板底部与一个连接部连接，而聚风板两端与另一个连接部连接，这样增加聚风板稳定，聚风板的转动驱动由连接部实施，连接部设置与叶轮对风关联装置，同步叶轮与聚风板，具体可以有多种形式，可以发电机舱与连接部用纯机械固定连接，使发电机舱，连接部和聚风板一体同步运动，可以在连接部设电动驱动装置，与发电机舱的对风装置以有线或无线的方式电连接，驱动连接部和聚风板同步运动，还可以聚风板单独设置对风驱动装置，使聚风板保持与风的角度。
优选的塔架采用最常用塔筒式结构，并且在塔筒一侧增加整流装置，整流装置包括槽状延伸主体，主体横截面大约为V形，V形主体的开口部靠近塔筒外表面，主体通过连接部与塔筒外表面连接，使塔筒与主体形成从塔筒到主体方向的流线外形，主体通过连接部环绕塔筒轴心转动，主体的两个侧面可以是平面，而为了达到最好的效果主体的两个侧面为平滑的弧形，使从塔筒到这两个面一起所形成的横截面趋近于最优化的水滴形结构，在同一水平面，主体的开口部沿着塔筒表面之间的最短距离小于同一水平面塔筒半周长，从塔筒顶部到基部根据塔筒直径变化主体尺寸也变化，即塔筒直径增加，主体也增加尺寸来与塔筒适配，形成最佳流线外形，使塔筒附近不会有乱流形成，主体的尾部设有导流突起，主体尾部具有径向弹性，径向弹性设置可以减少乱流的影响，主体内有加强支架连接两个侧面的内侧之间，使两个侧面连接而形状固定，使两个侧面与塔筒靠近的边稳定，加强支架为平行或斜拉等多种结构形状，在本申请中就不再一一列举，主体两个侧面互相为对称结构。
连接部与主体隔着塔筒相对的位置设槽型尖喙，尖喙的开口朝向塔筒，沿着塔筒从顶部到基部设置，主体转动的时候，尖喙随连接部转动而一直位于主体和塔筒相对的位置，连接部可以为轴承，轴承内圈与塔筒固定连接，轴承外圈与主体连接，在轴承外圈上还固定设有槽型尖喙，尖喙的开口朝向塔筒，尖喙位于主体和塔筒相对的位置，可以跟随轴承外圈转动，尖喙随连接部转动并一直与主体保持隔塔筒相对的位置，尖喙的设置同样适合于轨道或齿环齿轮等结构，尖喙和主体分别有滑轮与轨道连接，主体和尖喙通过环绕塔筒的连接杆连接，尖喙开口间沿着塔筒外表面的距离长度小于塔筒在同一水平上半周长的四分之一长度，小尺寸的尖喙有利于减少尖喙的重量和成本，尖喙的尖部设有分流突起，尖喙的设置可以具有分流作用，进一步减少阻力。
尖喙，聚风板和整流装置的主体都通过连接部与塔筒固定，包括上风式和下风式，上风式风力发电机的叶轮相对于塔筒在来风方向，而尖喙和聚风板也相对于塔筒在来风的方向，即叶轮，尖喙和聚风板与整流装置的主体隔塔筒相对，下风式风力发电机的叶轮相对于塔筒在去风方向，尖喙在来风的方向，而聚风板和整流装置的主体也相对于塔筒在去风的方向，即叶轮，聚风板和整流装置的主体在塔筒的同一侧面。
通过上述设置，尖喙，聚风板和主体都与连接部连接，这样就可以只通过一个驱动装置就使尖喙，聚风板和主体同步运动，共同发挥其作用。
沿着塔筒从顶部到基部优选设至少三个连接部最合适，因为这样的设置，主体和塔筒之间至少三个连接位置，当塔筒受到外来的力量而产生变形的时候，主体因为与塔筒连接而同时提供支撑或拉力。
尖喙，聚风板和主体通过连接部与塔筒的连接为限位连接，即此连接部安装到位后，尖喙，聚风板和主体受到其他方向的外力的时候，不可以从安装位置脱落，如在使用轴承的连接部，尖喙，聚风板和主体在受到垂直方向的力的时候，不可以沿塔筒上下方向位移，所以需要采用深沟球轴承等轴承内外圈不能沿轴承轴向位移的轴承，同时可以增加防止轴承内外圈轴向互相转动的阻止装置，如刹车装置，安装在轴承内外圈之间，能够阻止内外圈相互转动，这样在不需要连接部转动的时候，使尖喙，聚风板和主体相对于塔筒固定连接，不能够任何方向移动，而连接部采用轨道连接的时候，连接的滑轮也需要采用能够限位的结构，如采用至少两个滑轮从不同方向夹住轨道，这样的设计使连接部不会因为外力而从塔筒脱落，同时滑轮可以设刹车装置，这样在不需要连接部转动的时候，滑轮刹车。
叶轮转动范围是一个以叶轮轴心的竖直圆形平面，聚风板长度小于叶轮转动范围的一半，即聚风板设置在叶轮底部，聚风板两端延伸，低于过叶轮轴心水平线，因为叶轮底部风力最小，向上逐渐增加，聚风板宽度从底部向两端逐渐变窄，聚风板横截面形状相对于叶轮的位置为前开口，后开口或两侧开口，即所谓的聚风式，扩散式或聚风扩散式。
聚风板可以设置多层，即在一个聚风板的外侧在设置一个或多个聚风板，以增加聚风效果。
聚风板连接于塔架，在叶轮底部，连接位置比较低，相比较于其他固定在发电机舱或叶轮转轴等位置，本发明更加稳定可靠。
尖喙，聚风板和主体材料可以多种材料制作，采用塑料，玻璃钢，碳纤维等轻质耐老化材料制作，采用高分子材料聚碳纤维或PET塑料等透明材料可以增加美感，甚至采用超薄钢化玻璃制作，也可以采用薄膜太阳能板制作，在薄膜太阳能板内部有支架，薄膜太阳能板产生电能可以通过在连接部设置碳刷传输至塔筒基部，并输出至外部，可以传输电量到发电机舱。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：采用本发明所述的聚风板的一种风力发电机，使风力发电机的叶轮在整个运转范围内都获得强大而均匀的风力，减少叶片及叶轮的晃动，减少发电机舱和塔筒的晃动，塔筒整流装置减少塔筒的阻力，减少风经过塔筒后产生涡街而引起塔筒的振动，并且与塔筒整流装置共用连接部，互相配合工作，大幅提高风力发电机的风力利用效率和安全性。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的一种设有聚风板的上风型风力发电机正面示意图；
图2为本发明的一种设有聚风板的上风型风力发电机竖直横截面示意图；
图3为本发明的一种设有聚风板的上风型风力发电机水平横截面示意图；
图4为本发明的一种设有聚风板的下风型风力发电机水平横截面示意图；
图5为本发明的一种风力发电机的聚风板的开口示意图；
图6为本发明的一种设有聚风板的下风型风力发电机竖直横截面示意图；
图7为本发明的一种设有聚风板的支架型塔架风力发电机水平横截面示意图；
图8为本发明的一种风力发电机的多层聚风板的开口示意图；
图中1为叶片，2为发电机舱，3为塔筒，4为聚风板，5为连接部，6为尖喙，7为聚风板支架，8为主体，9为导流突起，10为加强支架，11为塔架。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
在此处键入本发明的最佳实施方式描述段落。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明，图1为本发明的一种设有聚风板的上风型风力发电机正面示意图；图中1为叶片，3个均匀分布的叶片1组成叶轮，叶轮中心轴连接发电机舱2，,发电机舱2设置在塔筒3的顶部，可以在水平面转动，塔筒3设有塔筒整流装置，从图中可以看到沿着塔筒3顶部到基部方向依次设有4个连接部5，聚风板4设置在叶轮转动范围的最底部外侧，图中虚线圆圈表示叶轮转动范围，聚风板4与连接部5有多个固定点，聚风板4中间与一个连接部5固定，聚风板4两端还通过聚风支架7与下部另一个连接部5固定，尖喙6与连接部5依次固定，本图中叶片1，聚风板4和尖喙6都设置在塔筒3的来风的方向。
图2为本发明的一种设有聚风板的上风型风力发电机竖直横截面示意图；图中1为叶片，多个叶片1组成叶轮，叶轮中心轴连接发电机舱2，,发电机舱2设置在塔筒3的顶部，可以在水平面转动，塔筒3设有塔筒整流装置，从图中可以看到沿着塔筒3顶部到基部方向依次设有4个连接部5，图中箭头为来风方向， 8为主体，主体8与连接部5依次固定，导流突起9在主体8的尾部，主体8尾部具有径向弹性，尖喙6，叶轮和聚风板4在塔筒3来风的方向，主体8在塔筒去风方向，尖喙6，叶轮和聚风板4隔塔筒3与主体3在一个直线，尖喙6，叶轮和聚风板4通过连接部5连接固定而可以同步转动，在连接部设有对风装置，在发电机舱也设有对风装置，两者可以独立工作或关联工作，对风装置有多种形式，主动的，被动的或电动驱动的等，尖喙6，叶轮和聚风板4的片状部分结构可以用薄膜太阳能电池。
图3为本发明的一种设有聚风板的上风型风力发电机水平横截面示意图；图中3为塔筒，4为聚风板，5为连接部，6为尖喙，7为聚风板支架，8为主体， 10为加强支架，从本图中能够说明在上风式风力发电机中聚风板4，尖喙7和主体8三者之间位置关系。
图4为本发明的一种设有聚风板的下风型风力发电机水平横截面示意图；图中3为塔筒，4为聚风板，5为连接部，6为尖喙，7为聚风板支架，8为主体，9为导流突起，10为加强支架，从本图中能够说明在下风式风力发电机中聚风板4，尖喙7和主体8三者之间位置关系。
图5为本发明的一种风力发电机的聚风板的开口示意图；图中1为叶片， 4为聚风板， 箭头为来风方向，图中聚风板4有三种不同形状的横截面，这些可以根据实际选择使用。
图6为本发明的一种设有聚风板的下风型风力发电机竖直横截面示意图；图中1为叶片，2为发电机舱，3为塔筒，4为聚风板，5为连接部，6为尖喙，7为聚风板支架，8为主体，9为导流突起，在本实施例中，箭头为来风方向，叶片1组成的叶轮，聚风板4,和主体8都在塔筒3的下风侧，而尖喙6在塔筒3的上风侧，与叶片1组成的叶轮，聚风板4,和主体8隔塔筒3在一个直线，。
图7为本发明的一种设有聚风板的支架型塔架水平横截面示意图；图中4为聚风板，5为连接部， 7为聚风板支架， 11为塔架，塔架11横截面为四边形，当采用这种形式的塔架的时候，塔架11为各种支架连接而成的柱状架构，连接部5与塔架11的四个顶角固定，聚风板4固定在连接部5，围绕塔架11转动。
图8为本发明的一种风力发电机的多层聚风板的开口示意图；图中1为叶片， 4为聚风板，聚风板4采用双层结构，两层之间通过几个筋连接保持距离，可以加强聚风效果，根据实际情况选用。
本发明的上述实施例仅用于说明本发明，一些关于风力发电的常识性的技术和原理不再说明，根据现有技术可以有多种变化和组合使用，都在本申请保护范围。
 工业实用性
在此处键入工业实用性描述段落。
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Claims (9)

  1. 一种水平轴风力发电机，包括塔架，叶轮，发电机舱，叶轮转动带动发电机舱发电，发电机舱转动地固定在塔架顶部，其特征在于：在塔架设有聚风板，聚风板通过连接部与塔架连接，通过连接部围绕塔架轴心转动，聚风板横截面是弯曲的片状，聚风板在叶轮转动范围外侧底部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的连接部，其特征在于：连接部可以为轴承，轴承内圈与塔架固定连接，轴承外圈与聚风板连接，轴承内圈和外圈可以相互转动而使聚风板围绕塔架转动，或连接部是在塔架设置轨道，轨道环绕塔架固定，聚风板固定设有滑轮，滑轮沿着轨道转动，或连接部可以是齿环，齿环固定在塔架，设齿轮固定在聚风板，齿轮咬合齿环，齿轮转动可以带动聚风板环绕塔架转动。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：塔架为筒状的塔筒。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：在塔筒一侧增加整流装置，整流装置包括槽状延伸主体，主体横截面大约为V形，V形主体的开口部靠近塔筒外表面，主体通过连接部与塔筒外表面连接，使塔筒与主体形成从塔筒到主体方向的流线外形，主体通过连接部环绕塔筒轴心转动，主体的两个侧面为平滑的弧形，使从塔筒到这两个面一起所形成的横截面趋近于最优化的水滴形结构，主体的尾部设有导流突起，主体尾部具有径向弹性，主体内有加强支架连接两个侧面的内侧之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：连接部与主体隔着塔筒相对的位置设槽型尖喙，尖喙的开口朝向塔筒，沿着塔筒从顶部到基部设置，主体转动的时候，尖喙随连接部转动而一直位于主体和塔筒相对的位置。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：尖喙，聚风板和整流装置的主体都通过连接部与塔筒固定，包括上风式和下风式，上风式风力发电机的叶轮相对于塔筒在来风方向，而尖喙和聚风板也相对于塔筒在来风的方向，即叶轮，尖喙和聚风板与整流装置的主体隔塔筒相对，下风式风力发电机的叶轮相对于塔筒在去风方向，尖喙在来风的方向，而聚风板和整流装置的主体也相对于塔筒在去风的方向，即叶轮，聚风板和整流装置的主体都在塔筒的同一侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：沿着塔筒从顶部到基部优选设至少三个连接部。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：聚风板宽度从底部向两端逐渐变窄。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8所述的一种水平轴风力发电机，其特征在于：在连接部设有对风装置，在发电机舱也设有对风装置，两者可以独立工作或关联工作。
PCT/CN2020/103193 2019-08-05 2020-07-21 一种水平轴风力发电机 WO2021023004A1 (zh)

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CN110360049A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-10-22 米建军 一种水平轴风力发电机
CN114439699B (zh) * 2022-01-20 2022-12-09 宜兴乃尔风电科技有限公司 一种高效水平偏航的风力发电机

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