WO2016095618A1 - 微型扬声器 - Google Patents

微型扬声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016095618A1
WO2016095618A1 PCT/CN2015/093769 CN2015093769W WO2016095618A1 WO 2016095618 A1 WO2016095618 A1 WO 2016095618A1 CN 2015093769 W CN2015093769 W CN 2015093769W WO 2016095618 A1 WO2016095618 A1 WO 2016095618A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
groove
diaphragm
center
upper casing
magnetic circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/093769
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
范双双
陈钢
杨赟
霍新祥
韩丹
Original Assignee
歌尔声学股份有限公司
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Application filed by 歌尔声学股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔声学股份有限公司
Priority to US15/537,317 priority Critical patent/US10015599B2/en
Publication of WO2016095618A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016095618A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/127—Non-planar diaphragms or cones dome-shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
    • H04R7/20—Securing diaphragm or cone resiliently to support by flexible material, springs, cords, or strands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046—Construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/021—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein incorporating only one transducer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electroacoustic products, in particular to a miniature speaker.
  • the prior art microspeakers generally include a vibration system, a magnetic circuit system, and a support system for housing a fixed vibration system and a magnetic circuit system.
  • the vibration system generally includes a diaphragm and a voice coil
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a washer, a magnet, and a yoke that are sequentially combined.
  • the magnetic circuit system forms a magnetic gap that houses the voice coil.
  • the upper casing in the support system is generally a flat plate structure on which sound holes for sound passage are provided.
  • the shell is mostly a flat plate structure, and the corresponding upper shell corresponds to the position of the diaphragm as a flat or hollow structure.
  • the micro-speaker needs to be used together with the terminal electronic device.
  • the structure of the corresponding micro-speaker support system needs to be matched with the terminal.
  • the conventional diaphragm is basically a flat structure. If the upper shell is provided with a groove structure that is recessed toward the diaphragm, the diaphragm needs to be spaced apart from the upper shell to prevent the diaphragm from colliding with the upper shell during vibration, but this
  • the structure reduces the size of the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system and affects the acoustic performance of the product. Accordingly, the present patent provides an improvement in that the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system can be better adapted to the above described upper casing structure.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a micro-speaker in which the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system of the micro-speaker can be well matched to ensure the acoustic performance of the product in the case where the upper casing is recessed.
  • a microspeaker comprising a vibration system, a magnetic circuit system and a support system, the support system housing and fixing the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system;
  • the vibration system including the vibration a membrane and a voice coil coupled to one side of the diaphragm, the diaphragm including a rigid ball top at a central position and a loop portion at an edge position;
  • the magnetic circuit system including a washer, which is sequentially combined a magnet and a yoke, the magnetic circuit system forming a magnetic gap for housing the voice coil;
  • the support system includes an upper case; and the upper case is provided with a concave groove corresponding to a position of a top of the central ball of the diaphragm a structure, wherein: a position of the ball top facing the groove structure of the upper case is provided with a relief groove, a longitudinal depth of the escape groove is not less than a depth of the upper case groove structure, and the avoidance concave An orthographic
  • the thickness of the washer is not less than the longitudinal depth of the diaphragm avoidance groove; the washer facing the diaphragm is a hollow annular structure, and the relief structure of the washer For the hollow portion of the washer, the orthographic projection area of the hollow portion of the washer overlaps with the orthographic projection area of the escape groove of the diaphragm.
  • the magnetic circuit system is a dual magnetic circuit structure including a center washer, a center magnet, and a side edge and a side joined to the edge of the yoke, respectively, at a center position of the yoke a magnet; wherein the center washer is disposed on the top of the ball at the center of the diaphragm.
  • the thickness of the center washer is not less than the longitudinal depth of the diaphragm avoidance groove; the center washer is a hollow ring structure, and the hollow portion of the center washer is facing the The relief groove of the diaphragm is disposed, and the orthographic projection area of the hollow portion of the washer overlaps with the orthographic projection area of the escape groove of the diaphragm.
  • the central huasi is a hollow annular structure
  • the central magnet is also a hollow annular structure
  • the orthographic projection of the hollow portion of the central magnet and the orthographic projection of the hollow portion of the central huasi The areas overlap.
  • the longitudinal depth of the relief groove of the diaphragm is equal to the longitudinal depth of the upper casing groove structure.
  • the groove structure of the upper casing and the relief groove of the diaphragm are provided with a transition slope, and the transition slope of the groove structure is parallel to the transition slope of the avoidance groove.
  • the escape groove of the diaphragm and the inner edge of the center washer are provided with a transition slope, and the transition slope of the escape groove and the inner edge of the center washer are inclined The faces are parallel.
  • the support system further includes a middle case and a lower case, and the middle case and the lower case support and fix the magnetic circuit system.
  • the upper casing comprises a plastic support and a steel sheet injection-molded in combination with the plastic support.
  • the diaphragm and the magnetic circuit system of the present invention are matched with the front cover to avoid the structure, and the upper shell structure prevents the components from colliding, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the product and ensuring the micro speaker. Acoustic performance.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a microspeaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a microspeaker in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a magnetic circuit system of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a magnetic circuit system of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the microspeaker includes a vibration system, a magnetic circuit system, and a support system, wherein the support system houses the fixed vibration system and the magnetic circuit system.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm 21 and a voice coil 22 coupled to one side of the diaphragm 21, and the diaphragm 21 includes a ball top 210 at a center position and a loop portion 211 at an edge position; the ball top 210 of the present embodiment is a rigid composite
  • the layer is hard and light, and prevents splitting vibration in the high frequency band;
  • the folded portion 211 of the diaphragm 21 is a flexible material that can vibrate up and down with the diaphragm 21, usually a composite of a multilayer resin material and a rubber layer; a rigid ball Top 210 and flexible folding ring 211 is fixed by adhesive bonding.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a washer, a magnet and a yoke which are sequentially combined, the magnet is a permanent magnet, the washer and the yoke are used to correct the magnetic lines of force generated by the magnet, and the voice coil 22 is placed in a magnetic field formed by the magnetic circuit system.
  • the magnetic circuit system of the present embodiment has a dual magnetic circuit structure, and includes a center washer 312 and a center magnet 322 which are sequentially coupled to the center position of the yoke 33, and a side rib 311 and an edge magnet 321 which are sequentially coupled to the edge position of the yoke 33,
  • a magnetic gap for accommodating the voice coil 22 is formed between the center magnet 322, the center washer 312, the edge 311, and the side magnet 321 , and the magnetic circuit system forms a stable magnetic field in the magnetic gap.
  • the voice coil 22 turns on the electric signal, it vibrates up and down by the ampere force in the magnetic field, and further drives the diaphragm 21 to vibrate to generate sound.
  • the support system includes an upper casing 11, a middle casing 12 and a lower casing 13 which are sequentially combined, and the support system houses the fixed vibration system and the magnetic circuit system to protect the micro-speakers.
  • the upper case 11 of the conventional microspeaker has a flat structure, but in order to fit the assembly with a specific terminal electronic device, the center position of the upper case 11 of the present invention is provided with a groove structure, which can make the micro speaker and the terminal electronic of a specific structure. Device adaptation.
  • the groove structure of the upper casing 11 of the present application is recessed toward the side close to the diaphragm 21, and the top of the ball at the center of the conventional diaphragm is generally a flat plate structure, but if the top of the diaphragm ball is a flat plate structure, it is easy to touch.
  • a noise is generated; if the distance of the flat diaphragm from the upper casing 11 is increased, the possibility of collision can be reduced, and increasing the distance reduces the size of the magnetic circuit system and the vibration system, and affects The acoustic performance of the product.
  • the escaping groove 2101 is disposed on the ball top 210 of the groove structure 1101 of the upper casing 11 to avoid the longitudinal depth of the groove 2101 is not less than the groove structure.
  • the longitudinal depth of 1101, and the orthographic projection area of the escaping structure 2101 can completely cover the orthographic projection area of the groove structure 1101 to prevent the upper casing 11 and the diaphragm 21 from colliding when the diaphragm 21 vibrates.
  • the groove structure 1101 of the upper casing 11 is exactly the same shape as the relief groove 2101 on the ball top 210. As shown in FIG. 2, the groove structure 1101 and the relief groove 2101 have the same cross-sectional shape, size and size.
  • the groove structure 1101 of the upper casing 11 and the relief groove 2101 of the diaphragm 21 are each provided with a transition slope. As shown in FIG. 2, the transition slope of the groove structure 1101 is parallel to the transition slope of the relief groove 2101.
  • the orthographic projection area of the ball top 210 avoiding groove 2101 may be larger than the orthographic projection area of the groove structure 1101 of the upper casing 11, such a structure It is also within the scope of the invention.
  • the depth of the groove structure 1101 of the upper casing 11 is the same as the depth of the relief groove 2101 of the diaphragm 21.
  • the distance between the flat portion of the upper case 11 and the flat portion of the ball top 210 is d.
  • the distance between the bottom of the groove structure 1101 of the upper case 11 and the bottom of the escape groove 2101 of the ball top 210 is also d, That is, the distance between the two is the same. This design can avoid the collision between the bottom of the groove structure 1101 of the upper casing 11 and the diaphragm 21, and ensure the sounding effect of the diaphragm 21.
  • the ball top 210 is provided with a structure for avoiding the groove 2101. Since the orthographic projection area of the ball top 210 is constant, the effective vibration area of the diaphragm 21 is constant, and thus the setting avoidance groove 2101 does not affect the acoustic performance of the diaphragm 21. Therefore, the improved structure of the diaphragm 21 of the present invention in combination with the upper casing 11 does not reduce the size of the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system, and does not affect the acoustic performance of the product, and is also adapted to the terminal electronic device. The acoustic performance of the product is guaranteed.
  • the ball top 210 of the diaphragm 21 since the ball top 210 of the diaphragm 21 has the avoidance groove 2101, if the washer of the diaphragm 21 is flat, the diaphragm 21 will collide with the washer when it vibrates downward; As a result of the improvement, the position of the avoidance structure is set on the position of the ball top 210 avoiding groove 2101.
  • the structure of the relief groove 2101 facing the ball top 210 is the center washer 312.
  • the relief structure of the center washer 312 is groove-shaped, and the longitudinal depth of the avoidance structure of the center washer 312 is not less than The longitudinal depth of the ball top 210 avoiding the groove 2101, and the orthographic projection area of the avoidance structure of the center washer 312 can completely cover the orthographic projection area of the escape groove 2101 of the ball top 210 to avoid the diaphragm 21 and the center washer 312 Collision.
  • the thickness of the center washer 312 is not less than the longitudinal depth of the escape groove 2101.
  • the avoidance structure is a structure in which the central portion of the entire center washer 312 is hollowed out and the material is removed, so that the center washer 312 is a hollow ring structure to meet the requirements of the center Huawei 312 avoidance structure of the present invention.
  • the center washer 312 is a magnetically permeable structure and can be used to correct the magnetic field lines of the center magnet 322.
  • the main working area of the center washer 312 is at the edge position.
  • the hollow ring center of the patent is 312 of the patent.
  • the structure does not adversely affect the magnetic circuit system.
  • the orthographic projection area of the hollow portion of the central center 312 overlaps with the orthographic projection area of the ball top 210 avoiding groove 2101 to ensure the volume of the center washer 312, and to ensure that the diaphragm 21 does not collide with the center washer 312. Under the maximum, the central Huasi 312 correction center magnet 322 magnetic line work requirements are guaranteed.
  • the escape groove 2101 of the diaphragm 21 and the inner edge of the center washer 312 are each provided with a transition slope, and the transition slope of the avoidance groove 2101 is parallel to the transition slope of the inner edge of the center washer 312. Setting the transition ramp is beneficial to the flow of air.
  • the diaphragm 21 and the center washer 312 of the present patent are disposed opposite to the position of the recess structure 1101 of the upper casing 11 to ensure the design of the upper casing 11 while ensuring the design of the upper casing 11
  • the normal operation of the product ensures the acoustic performance of the micro-speaker.
  • the upper casing 11 of the present invention comprises a plastic bracket 111 and a steel sheet 110 injection molded in the plastic bracket 111. Since the metal has greater strength, the required strength can be satisfied in a thinner thickness, such as a conventional plastic outer casing requiring 0.5 mm. In order to achieve the required strength, the required strength can be achieved by using a metal steel sheet structure of 0.2 mm. In the case of a fixed size of the micro-speaker, the internal space of the micro-speaker can be increased, and the vibration system and the magnetic circuit system can be increased. Dimensions, which can improve the acoustic performance of the product.
  • the present invention further includes a middle case 12 and a lower case 13.
  • the entire magnetic circuit system and the middle case 12 are first assembled into one body, and then the combination of the middle case 12 and the magnetic circuit system is assembled into the lower case 13
  • This assembly method facilitates the accurate positioning of the magnetic circuit system and the lower casing 13, ensuring the accuracy of assembly.
  • the present invention provides the sound hole A on the side of the microspeaker, as shown in FIG. 1, specifically disposed on the side wall of the upper casing 11, and is formed on the upper casing 11 to form an inner side wall penetrating the upper casing 11 and The opening of the outer side wall causes the sound on the front side of the diaphragm 21 to radiate to the outside through the sound hole A.
  • the sound hole A formed by the upper shell 11 is a non-closed opening, and the sound wave radiation passage of the diaphragm 21 is formed after the middle shell 12 is matched.
  • the structure is designed to be shorter than the side wall of the upper shell 11. Cooperate to ensure the effective area of sound hole A.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the magnetic circuit system of the embodiment is also a dual magnetic circuit structure, including the yoke 33.
  • the center magnet 322' and the center washer 312 at the center position, and the side magnet 321 and the edge 311 at the edge of the yoke 33, the center magnet 322', the center washer 312, the side magnet 321 and the edge 311 Form a magnetic gap that houses the voice coil.
  • the central magnet 322' is also a hollow annular structure, and the area of the hollow area of the central 312 is the same as the area of the hollow area of the central magnet 322', and the assembled The projected areas overlap.
  • the structure of the embodiment is also applied to the micro-speaker with the groove structure of the upper shell. When the groove structure of the upper shell and the diaphragm is deep, the central magnet 322' is also provided with an avoidance structure, and the avoidance structure can be hollowed out in the middle. Structure.
  • the center washer 312 and the center magnet 322' are arranged correspondingly to the position of the upper shell groove structure, and the design of the upper shell is ensured, and the normal operation of the product is ensured, and the micro speaker is ensured. Acoustic performance.
  • the microspeaker of the present invention is not limited to the above-described dual magnetic circuit structure, and may be a single magnetic circuit structure, that is, a structure including only a center washer, a center magnet, and a yoke, and the position of the center washer corresponding to the upper case groove structure is A hollow annular structure for avoiding the groove structure of the upper casing and the diaphragm.
  • the center washer and the center magnet of the micro-speaker of the single magnetic circuit structure are hollow annular structures for avoiding the groove structure of the upper case and the diaphragm.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种微型扬声器，包括振动系统、磁路系统和支撑系统，振动系统包括振膜音圈，振膜包括球顶部和折环部；所述磁路系统包括依次结合的华司、磁铁和磁轭，上壳对应于振膜球顶部的位置设有下凹的凹槽结构，其中：球顶部正对上壳凹槽结构的位置设有避让凹槽，避让凹槽的纵向深度不小于上壳凹槽结构的深度，并且避让凹槽的正投影区域覆盖上壳凹槽结构的正投影区域；正对振膜的避让凹槽的华司上设有避让结构，避让结构的纵向深度不小于避让凹槽的深度，避让结构的正投影区域能够覆盖振膜避让凹槽的正投影区域。这种结构在配合上壳防止部件碰撞的同时，保证了产品的正常工作，保证了微型扬声器的声学性能。

Description

微型扬声器 技术领域
本发明涉及电声产品技术领域，特别涉及一种微型扬声器。
背景技术
现有技术中微型扬声器通常包括振动系统、磁路系统和收容固定振动系统和磁路系统的支撑系统，振动系统通常包括振膜和音圈，磁路系统包括依次结合的华司、磁铁和磁轭，磁路系统形成收容音圈的磁间隙。支撑系统中的上壳通常为平板状结构，在该上壳上设有供声音穿过的声孔。传统结构上壳多为平板状的结构，相应的上壳对应振膜的位置为平板状或中空的结构。
通常微型扬声器是需要与终端电子装置配合使用的，相应的微型扬声器支撑系统的结构需要与终端进行配合，对于支撑系统中的上壳设有凹槽的结构，振动系统和磁路系统无法按照传统结构进行装配。传统振膜基本为一平面状的结构，若上壳设有向振膜方向凹陷的凹槽结构，振膜需要与上壳间隔一定距离，以防止振膜振动过程中与上壳碰撞，但是这种结构会减小振动系统和磁路系统的尺寸，影响产品声学性能。因此，本专利提供一种改进方案，使振动系统和磁路系统能够更好的与上述上壳结构相适配。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种微型扬声器，在上壳凹陷的情况下，微型扬声器的振动系统和磁路系统能够很好的与其适配，保证产品的声学性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：一种微型扬声器，包括振动系统、磁路系统和支撑系统，所述支撑系统收容固定所述振动系统和磁路系统；所述振动系统包括振膜和结合于振膜一侧的音圈，所述振膜包括位于中心位置的刚性的球顶部和位于边缘位置的折环部；所述磁路系统包括依次结合的华司、 磁铁和磁轭，所述磁路系统形成收容所述音圈的磁间隙；所述支撑系统包括上壳；所述上壳对应于所述振膜中心球顶部的位置设有下凹的凹槽结构，其中：所述球顶部正对上壳所述凹槽结构的位置设有避让凹槽，所述避让凹槽的纵向深度不小于所述上壳凹槽结构的深度，并且所述避让凹槽的正投影区域覆盖所述上壳凹槽结构的正投影区域；正对所述振膜的避让凹槽的华司上设有避让结构，所述避让结构的纵向深度不小于所述避让凹槽的深度，所述避让结构的正投影区域能够覆盖所述振膜避让凹槽的正投影区域。
此外，优选的方案是，所述华司的厚度不小于所述振膜避让凹槽的纵向深度；正对所述振膜的所述华司为中空的环形结构，所述华司的避让结构为所述华司的中空部分，所述华司中空部分的正投影区域与所述振膜的避让凹槽的正投影区域重叠。
此外，优选的方案是，所述磁路系统为双磁路结构，包括分别结合于所述磁轭中心位置的中心华司、中心磁铁和结合于所述磁轭边缘位置的边华司和边磁铁；其中所述中心华司正对所述振膜中心的球顶部设置。
此外，优选的方案是，所述中心华司的厚度不小于所述振膜避让凹槽的纵向深度；所述中心华司为中空的环形结构，所述中心华司的中空部分正对所述振膜的避让凹槽设置，并且所述华司的中空部分的正投影区域与所述振膜的避让凹槽的正投影区域重叠。
此外，优选的方案是，所述中心华司为中空的环形结构，所述中心磁铁也为中空的环形结构，所述中心磁铁中空部分的正投影区域与所述中心华司中空部分的正投影区域重叠。
此外，优选的方案是，所述振膜的避让凹槽的纵向深度等于所述上壳凹槽结构的纵向深度。
此外，优选的方案是，所述上壳的凹槽结构与所述振膜的避让凹槽均设有过渡斜面，所述凹槽结构的过渡斜面与所述避让凹槽的过渡斜面平行。
此外，优选的方案是，所述振膜的避让凹槽和所述中心华司的内侧边缘均设有过渡斜面，所述避让凹槽的过渡斜面与所述中心华司的内侧边缘的过渡斜 面平行。
此外，优选的方案是，所述支撑系统还包括中壳和下壳，所述中壳和下壳支撑固定所述磁路系统。
此外，优选的方案是，所述上壳包括塑料支架和与所述塑料支架注塑结合的钢片。
采用上述技术方案后，与传统结构相比，本发明的振膜和磁路系统配合前盖设置避让结构，在配合上壳结构防止部件碰撞的同时，保证了产品的正常工作，保证了微型扬声器的声学性能。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图对本发明进行描述，本发明的上述特征和技术优点将会变得更加清楚和容易理解。
图1是本发明实施例一微型扬声器的爆炸图；
图2是本发明实施例一微型扬声器的剖视图；
图3是本发明实施例二磁路系统的剖视图；
图4是本发明实施例二磁路系统的爆炸图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图1和图2所示，微型扬声器包括振动系统、磁路系统和支撑系统，其中，支撑系统收容固定振动系统和磁路系统。振动系统包括振膜21和结合于振膜21一侧的音圈22，振膜21包括位于中心位置的球顶部210和位于边缘位置的折环部211；本实施例球顶部210为刚性的复合层，质地较硬而且轻，可防止高频段出现分割振动；振膜21的折环部211为柔性材料可跟随振膜21上下振动，通常为多层树脂材料与胶层的复合；刚性的球顶部210与柔性的折环部 211通过胶层粘结固定。磁路系统包括依次结合的华司、磁铁和磁轭，磁铁为永磁铁，华司和磁轭用于修正磁铁产生的磁力线，音圈22置于磁路系统形成的磁场中。本实施例磁路系统为双磁路结构，包括依次结合于磁轭33中心位置的中心华司312和中心磁铁322，以及依次结合于磁轭33边缘位置的边华司311和边磁铁321，其中，中心磁铁322、中心华司312和边华司311、边磁铁321之间形成收容音圈22的磁间隙，磁路系统在磁间隙内形成稳定的磁场。音圈22接通电信号后在磁场中受安培力作用上下振动，进一步带动振膜21振动产生声音。
支撑系统包括依次结合的上壳11、中壳12和下壳13，支撑系统收容固定振动系统和磁路系统，对微型扬声器起到保护的作用。传统微型扬声器的上壳11为平板状结构，但是为了配合与特定终端电子装置的装配，本发明上壳11的中心位置设有凹槽结构，这种改变可以使微型扬声器与特定结构的终端电子装置适配。本申请上壳11的凹槽结构向靠近振膜21的一侧凹陷，传统振膜中心位置的球顶部通常为平板状结构，但是本申请若振膜球顶部为平板状结构，则容易碰触到上壳11的凹槽结构底面，产生杂音；若增大平板状振膜离上壳11的距离，可减小碰撞的可能，增大距离会减小磁路系统和振动系统的尺寸，影响产品的声学性能。
因此，本申请为了配合上壳11具有凹槽结构1101的设计，将正对上壳11凹槽结构1101的球顶部210上设置避让凹槽2101，避让凹槽2101的纵向深度不小于凹槽结构1101的纵向深度，并且避让结构2101的正投影区域能够完全覆盖凹槽结构1101的正投影区域，以避免振膜21振动时，上壳11和振膜21发生碰撞。优选的，上壳11的凹槽结构1101与球顶部210上的避让凹槽2101的形状完全相同，如图2所示，凹槽结构1101和避让凹槽2101的剖面形状、大小和尺寸完全相同，并且两者在竖直方向上的投影完全重叠。上壳11的凹槽结构1101与振膜21的避让凹槽2101均设有过渡斜面，如图2所示，凹槽结构1101的过渡斜面与避让凹槽2101的过渡斜面平行。此外，球顶部210避让凹槽2101的正投影区域可以大于上壳11凹槽结构1101的正投影区域，这种结构 也在本发明的保护范围内。
上壳11的凹槽结构1101的深度和振膜21的避让凹槽2101的深度相同。预设上壳11平板部分与球顶部210平板部分的距离为d，优选的，上壳11的凹槽结构1101的底部与球顶部210的避让凹槽2101的底部之间的距离也为d，即两者的距离相同，这种设计方式可以避免上壳11的凹槽结构1101底部与振膜21发生碰撞，保证振膜21的发声效果。
上述球顶部210设置避让凹槽2101的结构，由于球顶部210的正投影面积不变，使振膜21的有效振动面积不变，因而设置避让凹槽2101并未影响振膜21的声学性能，因此，本发明这种振膜21配合上壳11的改进结构即不会减小振动系统和磁路系统的尺寸，也不会影响产品声学性能，在与终端电子装置适配的情况下，也保证了产品的声学性能。
结合图1和图2，由于振膜21的球顶部210具有避让凹槽2101，若振膜振膜21的华司为平板状，振膜21向下振动时会与华司发生碰撞；作为一种改进，华司上正对球顶部210避让凹槽2101的位置设置避让结构。本实施例，正对球顶部210的避让凹槽2101的结构的是中心华司312，优选的，中心华司312的避让结构为凹槽状，中心华司312的避让结构的纵向深度不小于球顶部210的避让凹槽2101的纵向深度，并且中心华司312的避让结构的正投影区域能够完全覆盖球顶部210的避让凹槽2101的正投影区域，以避免振膜21与中心华司312发生碰撞。
本实施例中心华司312的厚度不小于避让凹槽2101的纵向深度，为了配合上壳11的凹槽结构1101和球顶部210的避让凹槽2101，作为一种改进，本发明中心华司312的避让结构为将整个中心华司312的中心部分挖空去料后的结构，使中心华司312为中空的环形结构，以满足本发明中心华司312避让结构的需求。中心华司312为导磁的结构，可用于修正中心磁铁322的磁力线，中心华司312的主要工作区域在边缘位置，本专利的这种中空环形的中心华司312 的结构并不会对磁路系统产生不良的影响。优选的中心华司312中空部分的正投影区域与球顶部210避让凹槽2101的正投影区域重叠，以保证中心华司312的体积，在保证振膜21与中心华司312不发生碰撞的情况下，最大限度的保证中心华司312修正中心磁铁322的磁力线的工作需求。
振膜21的避让凹槽2101和中心华司312的内侧边缘均设有过渡斜面，避让凹槽2101的过渡斜面与中心华司312的内侧边缘的过渡斜面平行。设置过渡斜面有利于气流的流通。
综上所述，本专利的这种振膜21和中心华司312上正对上壳11的凹槽结构1101的位置设置相应的避让结构的设计，在配合上壳11的设计的同时，保证了产品的正常工作，保证了微型扬声器的声学性能。
本发明上壳11包括塑料支架111和注塑在塑料支架111中的钢片110，由于金属具有更大的强度，在厚度较薄的情况下即可满足所需强度，如传统塑料外壳需要0.5mm才能达到所需强度，而采用金属钢片结构0.2mm即可达到所需强度，在微型扬声器的外形尺寸一定的情况下，可增大微型扬声器的内部空间，增大振动系统和磁路系统的尺寸，从而可以提高产品的声学性能。
此外，本发明还包括中壳12和下壳13，装配过程中，先将整个磁路系统与中壳12装配结合为一体，然后将中壳12与磁路系统的结合体组装入下壳13，这种装配方式有利于磁路系统与下壳13的准确定位，确保了装配的准确性。
优选的，本发明将出声孔A设置于微型扬声器的侧面，如图1所示，具体的设置在上壳11的侧壁上，在上壳11上去料形成贯穿上壳11的内侧壁与外侧壁的开口，使振膜21前侧的声音通过该出声孔A辐射到外界。优选的，上壳11上去料形成的出声孔A为非闭合的开口，与中壳12配合后形成振膜21的声波辐射通道，这种结构设计是与上壳11侧壁较短的结构配合的，以保证出声孔A的有效面积。
实施例二：
结合图3和图4，本实施例磁路系统同样为双磁路结构，包括位于磁轭33 中心位置的中心磁铁322’和中心华司312，以及位于磁轭33边缘位置的边磁铁321和边华司311，中心磁铁322’、中心华司312和边磁铁321和边华司311之间形成收容音圈的磁间隙。本实施例与上述实施例的主要区别在于，中心磁铁322’也为中空的环形结构，且中心华司312中空区域的面积与中心磁铁322’中空区域的面积相同，且两者组装后的正投影面积重叠。本实施例这种结构也是配合上壳具有凹槽结构的微型扬声器的应用，在上壳和振膜的凹槽结构较深时,中心磁铁322’也设置避让结构，避让结构可以为中间挖空的结构。
这种结构，中心华司312和中心磁铁322’正对上壳凹槽结构的位置设置相应的避让结构的设计，在配合上壳的设计的同时，保证了产品的正常工作，保证了微型扬声器的声学性能。
此外，本发明微型扬声器不限于上述双磁路结构，也可以为单磁路结构，即仅包括中心华司、中心磁铁和磁轭的结构，中心华司对应于上壳凹槽结构的位置为中空环形结构，用于避让上壳和振膜的凹槽结构。或者，单磁路结构的微型扬声器的中心华司、中心磁铁均为中空环形结构，用于避让上壳和振膜的凹槽结构。
在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行其他的改进和变形，而这些改进和变形，都落在本发明的保护范围内，本领域技术人员应该明白，上述的具体描述只是更好的解释本发明的目的，本发明的保护范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种微型扬声器，包括振动系统、磁路系统和支撑系统，所述支撑系统收容固定所述振动系统和磁路系统；所述振动系统包括振膜和结合于振膜一侧的音圈，所述振膜包括位于中心位置的刚性的球顶部和位于边缘位置的折环部；所述磁路系统包括依次结合的华司、磁铁和磁轭，所述磁路系统形成收容所述音圈的磁间隙；所述支撑系统包括上壳；所述上壳对应于所述振膜中心球顶部的位置设有下凹的凹槽结构，其特征在于：
    所述球顶部正对上壳所述凹槽结构的位置设有避让凹槽，所述避让凹槽的纵向深度不小于所述上壳凹槽结构的深度，并且所述避让凹槽的正投影区域覆盖所述上壳凹槽结构的正投影区域；
    正对所述振膜的避让凹槽的华司上设有避让结构，所述避让结构的纵向深度不小于所述避让凹槽的深度，所述避让结构的正投影区域能够覆盖所述振膜避让凹槽的正投影区域。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述华司的厚度不小于所述振膜避让凹槽的纵向深度；
    正对所述振膜的所述华司为中空的环形结构，所述华司的避让结构为所述华司的中空部分，所述华司中空部分的正投影区域与所述振膜的避让凹槽的正投影区域重叠。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路系统为双磁路结构，包括分别结合于所述磁轭中心位置的中心华司、中心磁铁和结合于所述磁轭边缘位置的边华司和边磁铁；其中所述中心华司正对所述振膜中心的球顶部设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述中心华司的厚度不小于所述振膜避让凹槽的纵向深度；
    所述中心华司为中空的环形结构，所述中心华司的中空部分正对所述振膜的避让凹槽设置，并且所述华司的中空部分的正投影区域与所述振膜的避让凹 槽的正投影区域重叠。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述中心华司为中空的环形结构，所述中心磁铁也为中空的环形结构，所述中心磁铁中空部分的正投影区域与所述中心华司中空部分的正投影区域重叠。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述振膜的避让凹槽的纵向深度等于所述上壳凹槽结构的纵向深度。
  7. 根据权利要求1或6所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述上壳的凹槽结构与所述振膜的避让凹槽均设有过渡斜面，所述凹槽结构的过渡斜面与所述避让凹槽的过渡斜面平行。
  8. 根据权利要求3或5任一权利要求所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述振膜的避让凹槽和所述中心华司的内侧边缘均设有过渡斜面，所述避让凹槽的过渡斜面与所述中心华司的内侧边缘的过渡斜面平行。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6任一权利要求所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述支撑系统还包括中壳和下壳，所述中壳和下壳支撑固定所述磁路系统。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6任一权利要求所述的微型扬声器，其特征在于，所述上壳包括塑料支架和与所述塑料支架注塑结合的钢片；
    微型扬声器的出声孔位于侧面，设置于所述上壳的侧壁上。
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