WO2016092945A1 - 回転機械の状態監視装置、回転機械、及び回転機械の状態監視方法 - Google Patents
回転機械の状態監視装置、回転機械、及び回転機械の状態監視方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016092945A1 WO2016092945A1 PCT/JP2015/078257 JP2015078257W WO2016092945A1 WO 2016092945 A1 WO2016092945 A1 WO 2016092945A1 JP 2015078257 W JP2015078257 W JP 2015078257W WO 2016092945 A1 WO2016092945 A1 WO 2016092945A1
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- detection signal
- wing
- blade
- impeller
- rotating machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
- F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0292—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/34—Rotor-blade aggregates of unitary construction, e.g. formed of sheet laminae
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
- F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
- F02B33/40—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps of non-positive-displacement type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/80—Diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/304—Spool rotational speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/334—Vibration measurements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05D2270/821—Displacement measuring means, e.g. inductive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
- G01H1/006—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines of the rotor of turbo machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/49—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed using eddy currents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating machine state monitoring device, a rotating machine, and a rotating machine state monitoring method.
- a rotating machine such as a turbo machine is provided with an impeller that rotates integrally with a rotor.
- the impeller has a plurality of blades and is housed in a casing. A certain amount of clearance is required between the blade and the casing in order to reliably prevent contact between the blade of the impeller and the casing.
- the state monitoring device that monitors the state of the turbomachine disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a single sensor that outputs a signal synchronized with the rotation of the rotating body, so that the rotational speed and shaft of the rotating body that is the impeller Measures vibration and chip clearance, which is the gap between the rotating body and casing, stores vibration amplitude, gain, and tip clearance during initial operation for each rotation speed, and weights vibration amplitude, gain, and chip clearance When the sum exceeds a preset threshold value, it is evaluated that there is an abnormal condition and a warning is issued.
- the rotating body rotates at high speed, and the wing passes through the sensor at a very short interval, for example, several microseconds, so the output signal of the sensor is digitized by high-speed sampling. Need to do.
- an analog / digital converter capable of high-speed sampling with high frequency characteristics is required, which increases the cost of the entire apparatus.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a rotating machine state monitoring device, a rotating machine, and a rotating machine state monitoring method capable of monitoring the state of the rotating machine without performing high-speed sampling.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the rotating machine state monitoring apparatus, the rotating machine, and the rotating machine state monitoring method of the present invention employ the following means.
- the rotating machine state monitoring device is provided with a detecting means for detecting a distance from the impeller, which is provided with a radial interval between the rotating machine and the impeller.
- the conversion means for digitizing the detection signal by the detection means at the sampling period, and the detection signal digitized by the conversion means can be regarded as a wing detection signal for detecting that the blade of the impeller and the wing have been detected.
- the wing detection signal that can be regarded as the apex of the wing by comparing the wing detection signal with the wing detection signal corresponding to the other wing and the non-wing detection signal.
- determining means for determining the state of the impeller based on the extracted blade detection signal.
- the detecting means is provided in the radial direction with the impeller of the rotating machine, and the detection signal by the detecting means is digitized at a predetermined sampling period by the converting means.
- an impeller such as a turbomachine rotates at a high speed of 3000 rpm as an example.
- the conversion means digitizes the detection signal by high-speed sampling.
- the high-speed sampling is a sampling period that makes it possible to clearly determine the apex of the wing by sampling, for example, three or more times for one wing.
- there is an increase in cost such as requiring high-performance conversion means.
- a non-high-speed sampling cycle for example, by digitizing the detection signal at a sampling cycle that can detect only one wing once or twice, a high-performance conversion means is unnecessary.
- the sorting means sorts the detection signal digitized by the conversion means into a wing detection signal that can be regarded as having detected a blade of an impeller and a non-wing detection signal that cannot be regarded as having been detected.
- a method of selecting a detection signal using a predetermined threshold is used.
- the detection signal is digitized with a sampling period of about once or twice for a single blade
- the digitized blade detection signal does not always indicate the top of the blade, and the blade is shifted from the top.
- the detection signal indicating the position may be digitized.
- the wing detection signal digitized at a sampling cycle that is not high speed includes a detection result of the wing apex and a detection result of the wing position shifted from the apex.
- the determination means compares the wing detection signal with the wing detection signal and the non-wing detection signal corresponding to other wings, and extracts a wing detection signal that can be regarded as the apex of the wing.
- the height of the wing is calculated from the difference between each wing detection signal and the non-wing detection signal, and the wing detection signal that can be regarded as the apex of the wing is calculated based on the wing height indicated by each wing detection signal. Extract. Then, based on the blade detection signal that can be regarded as the apex of the extracted blade, the state of the impeller is determined by the determination unit.
- the blade detection signal that can be regarded as the top of the blade is extracted by relatively comparing the blade detection signal and the non-blade detection signal of a plurality of blades, and the state of the impeller is determined. For this reason, since the detection signal indicating the distance to the blades only needs to be sampled at least once for each blade, this configuration can monitor the state of the rotating machine without performing high-speed sampling.
- the determination unit may perform smaller weighting on the blade detection signal as the deviation from the blade detection signal indicating the highest value is larger.
- This configuration can reduce the influence of the blade detection signal having a large deviation from the apex for determining the state of the impeller.
- the predetermined sampling period may be determined on the basis of a time interval in which each wing passes a position facing the detection means.
- This configuration can determine an appropriate sampling cycle as a sampling cycle that is not fast.
- the rotary machine according to the second aspect of the present invention includes an impeller, a casing that houses the impeller, and the state monitoring device described above.
- the rotating machine state monitoring method is a first method of detecting a distance from the impeller by a detecting means provided at a radial interval from the impeller of the rotating machine.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a supercharger 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the supercharger 1 is a so-called turbocharger, and includes a turbine 2 that converts energy of engine exhaust gas E into rotation, and a compressor 11 that is driven by the turbine 2.
- the compressor 11 compresses the sucked air W into compressed air PW and forcibly feeds the compressed air PW into the engine.
- the turbine 2 includes a turbine body 3 and a turbine casing 4 that covers the turbine body 3 from the outer peripheral side and includes an inlet passage 5 and an outlet passage 6 for the exhaust gas E.
- the turbine body 3 includes a stationary blade 7 attached to the turbine casing 4 and a moving blade 8 attached to a disk 9 that rotates about an axis P.
- the stationary blades 7 are provided at the connection portion between the inlet passage 5 and the outlet passage 6 so as to protrude radially inward of the shaft P from the turbine casing 4, and a plurality of the stationary blades 7 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the shaft P. .
- the moving blade 8 protrudes radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the disk 9, and is spaced downstream from the stationary blade 7 (on the left side in FIG. 1) by a predetermined distance from the stationary blade 7. Has been placed.
- the compressor 11 includes a compressor impeller 12 that is a rotating body that is rotatable about an axis P, and a compressor casing 14 that covers the compressor impeller 12 from the outer periphery.
- the compressor impeller 12 is a centrifugal impeller having a plurality of blades 13. As shown in FIG. 2, 11 blades 13 are provided as an example at a certain interval in the circumferential direction of the axis P.
- the compressor casing 14 includes an air inlet 15 that takes in air W and an outlet scroll 16 that discharges compressed air PW compressed by the compressor impeller 12.
- the compressor impeller 12 and the disk 9 are fitted into a rotor 17 that rotates about the axis P, and rotate integrally with the axis P.
- the rotor 17 is supported by two radial bearings 18 and one thrust bearing 19 so as to be rotatable about the axis P.
- the compressor casing 14 is provided with a gap sensor 21.
- the gap sensor 21 is provided in the compressor casing 14 at a position facing the blade 13 of the compressor impeller 12, and measures the distance from the tip of the blade 13 on the shroud side.
- the gap sensor 21 according to the present embodiment is, for example, a non-contact displacement meter using an eddy current effect, and only one compressor casing 14 is provided as an example, and the gap sensor 21 is a compressor. It arrange
- This displacement meter is constituted by a coil that generates a high-frequency magnetic flux, and detects a change in eddy current generated on the surface of the blade 13 that is a measurement target as a change in the impedance of the coil by the high-frequency magnetic flux generated from this coil. That is, the change in the distance due to the passage of the blade 13 is detected as a change in the impedance of the coil, and the maximum output is obtained when the blade 13 is closest.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the state monitoring device 30 according to the present embodiment.
- the state monitoring device 30 includes the gap sensor 21, the conversion unit 31, the analog signal processing unit 32, and the digital signal processing unit 33 described above. Based on the detection signal of the gap sensor 21, the state monitoring device 30 determines the rotation speed of the compressor impeller 12, the vibration of the compressor impeller 12, and the clearance between the compressor impeller 12 and the compressor casing 14. Are obtained, and the state of the compressor impeller 12 is determined.
- the detection signal (analog signal) output from the gap sensor 21 is demonstrated.
- the horizontal direction in FIG. 4 indicates time, and the vertical direction indicates amplitude.
- the gap sensor 21 outputs a larger detection signal as the distance between the gap sensor 21 and the compressor impeller 12 becomes smaller. That is, the detection signal periodically output from the gap sensor 21 has a large amplitude when each blade 13 and the gap sensor 21 face each other, and specifically, a position where each blade 13 and the gap sensor 21 are separated, specifically, A waveform (solid line in FIG. 4) having a small amplitude at an intermediate point between adjacent blades 13.
- the gap sensor 21 outputs a peak corresponding to the number of blades 13 (11 times in this embodiment, N1 to N11).
- a detection signal indicated by a solid line in FIG. 4 is output from the gap sensor 21 to the conversion unit 31.
- the conversion unit 31 includes an amplification circuit using, for example, a transistor, amplifies a weak detection signal from the gap sensor 21, and outputs the amplified detection signal to the analog signal processing unit 32 and the digital signal processing unit 33.
- the analog signal processing unit 32 includes a frequency dividing unit 35 and a rotation number calculating unit 36.
- the frequency dividing unit 35 receives the detection signal (analog signal) of the gap sensor 21 amplified by the conversion unit 31, and divides the detection signal by a predetermined number of times (in the present embodiment, 11 times the same as the number of blades 13).
- the rotation speed signal synchronized with the rotation speed of the compressor impeller 12 is output.
- the rotational speed calculation unit 36 calculates the rotational speed of the compressor impeller 12 by counting the number of rotational speed signals from the frequency dividing unit 35.
- the digital signal processing unit 33 includes an analog / digital conversion unit (hereinafter referred to as “ADC”) 37, a selection unit 38, and a determination unit 39.
- ADC analog / digital conversion unit
- the ADC 37 converts the detection signal output from the gap sensor 21 from an analog signal to a digital signal at a predetermined sampling period.
- the broken line in FIG. 4 is the sampling interval
- the black dot on the analog waveform is the detection signal sampled by the ADC 37.
- the sorting unit 38 sorts the detection signal digitized by the ADC 37 into a wing detection signal that can be regarded as having detected the wing 13 and a non-wing detection signal that cannot be regarded as having detected the wing 13.
- the non-wing detection signal is a detection signal that detects the root of the rotor 17 or the blade 13 instead of the blade 13.
- the threshold value A shown in FIG. 4 is for selecting the wing detection signal and the non-wing detection signal.
- a detection signal equal to or higher than the threshold value A is selected by the selection unit 38 as a wing detection signal, and the detection is less than the threshold value A.
- the signal is selected as a non-wing detection signal.
- the determination unit 39 compares the wing detection signal with the wing detection signal and the non-wing detection signal for the other wings 13 to compare the wing detection signal that can be regarded as the apex of the wing 13 (hereinafter referred to as “wing peak”). Extraction is performed, and the state of the compressor impeller 12 is determined based on the extracted blade detection signal.
- the determination unit 39 includes an axial vibration determination unit 41 and a tip clearance determination unit 42 together with the extraction unit 40 that performs the extraction.
- the shaft vibration determination unit 41 determines the vibration state of the compressor impeller 12.
- the tip clearance determination unit 42 determines the state of the clearance (see also FIG. 4) between the maximum value of the blade peak of the compressor impeller 12 and the inner peripheral surface of the compressor casing 14.
- the selection unit 38 and the determination unit 39 included in the digital signal processing unit 33 include, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a computer-readable storage medium. It is configured. A series of processes for realizing various functions is stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program as an example, and the CPU reads the program into a RAM or the like to execute information processing / arithmetic processing. As a result, various functions are realized.
- the program is preinstalled in a ROM or other storage medium, provided in a state stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or distributed via wired or wireless communication means. Etc. may be applied.
- the computer-readable storage medium is a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like.
- the compressor impeller 12 is rotating at a high speed of, for example, 3000 rpm.
- the ADC digitizes the detection signal by high-speed sampling.
- the high-speed sampling here is a sampling period that makes it possible to clearly determine the blade peak by sampling, for example, three or more times for one blade 13.
- there is an increase in cost such as requiring a high-performance ADC.
- the state monitoring apparatus 30 has a sampling period (hereinafter also referred to as “low-speed sampling”) that can sample one blade 13 only once or twice, for example, as a sampling period that is not high-speed.
- a sampling period hereinafter also referred to as “low-speed sampling”
- By digitizing the detection signal a high-performance ADC is not required.
- the sampling period by the ADC 37 according to the present embodiment is determined based on a time interval in which each blade 13 passes through a position facing the gap sensor 21.
- the following formulas (1) to (4) are examples of calculation formulas for determining the low-speed sampling period by the ADC 37 according to this embodiment.
- Equations (1) and (2) are equations for calculating the peripheral speed V (m / s) of the tip portion of the blade 13, and D is the outer diameter of the compressor impeller 12 corresponding to the installation position of the gap sensor 21 ( m) and ⁇ are angular velocities (rad / s), and N is the rotational speed (rpm) of the compressor impeller 12. Then, ⁇ is converted as shown in Equation (2) using the rotational speed N (rpm) of the compressor impeller 12.
- Equation (3) is a formula for calculating the frequency F (Hz, hereinafter referred to as “inter-blade passing frequency”) at which each blade 13 passes through the gap sensor 21, and n is the number of blades 13. .
- Fs is a sampling frequency (Hz), and in this embodiment, as an example, it is 10 times the inter-blade passing frequency F as shown in the equation (4).
- the blade peak can be sampled by setting the sampling frequency of the ADC 37 to 50 kHz.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of low-speed sampling.
- Black dots on the waveform shown in FIG. 5 are examples of detection signals sampled by the ADC 37 according to the present embodiment.
- ten detection signals (v1 to v10) can be sampled by the low-speed sampling with respect to the waveform indicating each blade 13 and its surroundings.
- two (v2, 3) exceed the threshold value A and are blade detection signals indicating the blade 13.
- the detection signals v1, 4 to 9 are non-wing detection signals because they are less than the threshold A.
- the detection signal is digitized by low-speed sampling
- the digitized wing detection signal does not necessarily indicate the wing peak, and the detection signal indicating the wing position deviated from the wing peak may be digitized. . That is, it is desirable that the detection signal indicating the blade peak is sampled.
- the detection is performed by detecting the center (also referred to as the belly) of the blade 13 as in the case of detecting the blade 13 indicated by the broken line in FIG. The signal may be sampled.
- the state of the compressor impeller 12 is determined including a blade detection signal that cannot be regarded as a blade peak, an erroneous determination may be made.
- the extraction unit 40 included in the determination unit 39 compares each blade detection signal with the blade detection signal and the non-blade detection signal corresponding to the other blades 13 and can determine the blade peak as a blade peak (hereinafter referred to as “blade peak detection signal”). ”) Is extracted.
- blade peak detection signal a difference from a non-wing detection signal for each blade detection signal is calculated as a height of the blade 13 (hereinafter referred to as “wing height”), and the blade indicated by each blade detection signal is calculated.
- wing height a height of the blade 13
- a blade peak detection signal is extracted based on the height.
- the detection frequency of the non-wing detection signal increases, the non-wing detection signal does not count the number of times.
- a method of calculating the blade height for example, a method in which the difference between the lowest value of the non-wing detection signal and each blade detection signal is set to the blade height of each blade detection signal, or the average value of the non-wing detection signal and each blade detection A method is used in which the difference from the signal is used as the blade height of each blade detection signal.
- the extraction unit 40 weights the blade detection signal when extracting the blade peak detection signal. Specifically, a smaller weight is applied to the blade detection signal as the deviation from the blade detection signal indicating the highest blade height increases.
- the extraction unit 40 obtains the value (blade height) indicated by the wing detection signal and the number of times indicated by the non-wing detection signal by multiple samplings. Based on this number of times, the extraction unit 40 determines the weighting coefficient so that the highest value of the blade detection signal has the largest weight and the lowest value of the blade detection signal has the smallest weight.
- the compressor impeller 12 since the compressor impeller 12 is rotating with minute vibrations, even if the blade detection signal detects the blade peak, the size varies (the blade shown by the broken line in FIG. 4). Peak amplitude). Therefore, it may be unclear whether the blade detection signal with a small blade height value is a detection result of the blade peak or a detection result of the antinode of the blade 13. Therefore, the number of times (frequency) of the blade height value is obtained, a weighting factor for each value of the blade detection signal is determined based on this number, and the value of each blade detection signal is multiplied by the determined weighting factor.
- the blade detection signal corresponding to the most frequent value and a larger value is considered to indicate a blade peak, but a blade detection signal having a smaller value than the most frequent value indicates a blade peak. Most likely not.
- the blade detection signal is weighted to facilitate the extraction of the blade peak detection signal.
- the weight coefficient is determined so that the maximum value of the blade detection signal is maximized and the minimum value of the blade detection signal is minimized, but the weight corresponding to the most frequent value corresponds to the maximum value.
- the difference between the weight to be applied is small and the difference between the weight corresponding to the most frequent value and the weight corresponding to the lowest value is determined to be large.
- the extraction unit 40 does not regard a blade detection signal whose value multiplied by a weighting coefficient is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold as a blade peak detection signal, and extracts a blade detection signal exceeding the threshold as a blade peak detection signal.
- the blade detection signal for the blade 13 of N1 is a detection signal that is regarded as not detecting the blade peak.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the flow of the impeller state determination process according to the present embodiment executed by the digital signal processing unit 33.
- step 100 the ADC 37 converts the detection signal output from the gap sensor 21 from an analog signal to a digital signal by low-speed sampling.
- a predetermined number of detection signals necessary for determining the state of the compressor impeller 12 are sampled at a low speed and stored in the storage means.
- the predetermined number here is, for example, a number corresponding to one rotation of the compressor impeller 12 and is 11 in this embodiment.
- step 104 it is determined whether or not a predetermined number of detection signals have been sampled. On the other hand, if the determination is negative, the process returns to step 100, and steps 100 and 102 are repeated until a predetermined number of detection signals are sampled.
- step 106 sorting section 38 a blade detection signal v n from the detection signal lower sampling is selected.
- next step 108 based on the number of times for each blade height indicated by the blade detection signal v n represents the value (blade height) and the blade detection signal v n, determines the weighting coefficient w n for each blade detection signal v n To do.
- next step 110 is multiplied by a weighting coefficient w n corresponding to the blade detection signal v n.
- step 112 extracts the wing peak detection signal from the blade detection signal v n to the weighting coefficient w n is multiplied. Note that the processing of steps 108 to 112 is executed by the extraction unit 40.
- the shaft vibration determination unit 41 executes the shaft vibration determination process
- the tip clearance determination unit 42 executes the chip clearance determination process, whereby the compressor impeller is executed. 12 states are determined. Then, after the determination is completed, the process returns to step 100, and the impeller state determination process is performed based on the detection signal newly sampled at a low speed.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the flow of the shaft vibration determination process according to the present embodiment executed by the shaft vibration determination unit 41.
- step 200 the maximum value v max and the minimum value v min of the blade peak detection signal are derived.
- next step 202 calculates the difference between the maximum value v max and the minimum value v min wing peak detection signal as a vibration component A n.
- Reference vibration component AA is a threshold for detecting abnormal vibration of a rotary machine, the vibration component A n reaches the reference vibration component AA, for example, the automatic stop of the alarm notification and the rotary machine is performed. That is, the reference vibration component AA is an alarm set value or an automatic stop set value for a rotating machine.
- the reference vibration component AA are different values a plurality of sets, each vibration component A n reaches increases and a plurality of reference vibration component AA, also automatic stop of the notification and the rotary machine of the alarm is performed stepwise Good.
- step 206 a warning is notified that the shaft vibration is excessive. Thereby, an operator stops the apparatus provided with the supercharger 1 or repairs the supercharger 1 at the next inspection.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of the tip clearance determination process according to the present embodiment executed by the tip clearance determination unit 42.
- step 300 the maximum value v max of the blade peak detection signal is derived.
- the maximum value v max is a clearance B n corresponding to the tip clearance.
- the clearance Bn is compared with a predetermined reference clearance BB to determine whether or not the clearance Bn exceeds the reference clearance BB. If the determination is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 304. On the other hand, if the clearance Bn does not exceed the reference clearance BB, the tip clearance determination process is terminated and the process returns to step 100.
- the reference clearance BB is a threshold value for detecting that the blade 13 has approached the compressor casing 14, and when the clearance Bn reaches the reference clearance BB, for example, an alarm is notified or the rotating machine is automatically stopped. That is, the reference clearance BB is an alarm set value or a rotary machine automatic stop set value. Note that a plurality of different values may be set for the reference clearance BB, and every time the clearance Bn increases and reaches the plurality of reference clearances BB, an alarm notification or automatic stop of the rotating machine may be performed in stages.
- step 304 a warning is notified that there is a possibility that the blades 13 may come into contact with the compressor casing 14. Thereby, an operator stops the apparatus provided with the supercharger 1 or repairs the supercharger 1 at the next inspection.
- the state monitoring device 30 monitors the rotational speed of the compressor impeller 12 using the gap sensor 21 that detects the distance from the compressor impeller 12. Then, the state monitoring device 30 can digitize the detection signal from the gap sensor 21 by the ADC 37 at a low-speed sampling cycle, and the digitized detection signal can be regarded as having detected the blades 13 of the compressor impeller 12 by the sorting unit 38. The blade detection signal and the non-wing detection signal that cannot be regarded as having detected the blade 13 are selected. Further, the determination unit 39 extracts the blade peak detection signal that can be regarded as the blade peak by comparing the blade detection signal with the blade detection signal corresponding to the other blade 13 and the non-blade detection signal, and extracts the extracted blade peak detection signal. Based on the above, the shaft vibration and the tip clearance are determined as the state of the compressor impeller 12.
- the state monitoring apparatus 30 extracts and compresses the blade peak detection signal that can be regarded as the blade peak by relatively comparing the blade detection signals and the non-blade detection signals of the plurality of blades 13.
- the state of the impeller 12 is determined. For this reason, since the detection signal indicating the distance to the blades 13 has only to be sampled at least once for each blade 13, the state monitoring device 30 can monitor the state of the supercharger 1 without performing high-speed sampling. .
- the mode in which the compressor casing 14 includes one gap sensor 21 has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of gap sensors 21 are provided at positions shifted in phase. It is good also as a form provided.
- the rotating machine according to the present invention is the supercharger 1
- the present invention is not limited to this, and any other rotating machine having an impeller can be used. It is good also as a form made into this rotary machine.
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Abstract
Description
そして、羽根車の翼とケーシングとの接触を確実に防止するために、所定量のクリアランスが翼とケーシングとの間に必要とされている。
この高速サンプリングを実現するためには、周波数特性が高い高速サンプリングを可能とするアナログ・デジタル変換機が必要となり、装置全体のコストの増加を招いている。
一方、高速でないサンプリング周期として、例えば、1枚の翼を1回又は2回のみ検知できる程度のサンプリング周期で検知信号をデジタル化することで、高性能な変換手段を不要とする。
そして、抽出した翼の頂点とみなせる翼検知信号に基づいて、判定手段によって羽根車の状態が判定される。
図1に示すように、過給機1は、いわゆるターボチャージャーであって、エンジンの排気ガスEのエネルギを回転に変換するタービン2と、このタービン2によって駆動される圧縮機11を備える。
圧縮機11は、吸入した空気Wを圧縮して圧縮空気PWとし、圧縮空気PWをエンジンに強制的に送り込む。
本実施形態に係るギャップセンサ21は、例えば渦電流効果を利用した非接触式の変位計であって、圧縮機ケーシング14に一例として1つのみが設けられており、ギャップセンサ21は、圧縮機ケーシング14の内周面と同じ位置に配置されている(図6も参照)。
図4に示すように、ギャップセンサ21は、各翼13と対向する際に、ギャップセンサ21と圧縮機羽根車12との間の距離が小さくなるほど大きな検知信号を出力する。すなわち、ギャップセンサ21から周期的に出力される検知信号は、各翼13とギャップセンサ21とが対向する際に大きな振幅となり、各翼13とギャップセンサ21とが離れた位置、具体的には隣接する翼13同士の中間地点においては小さな振幅となる波形(図4の実線)である。
そして、圧縮機羽根車12が1回転する毎に、ギャップセンサ21からは翼13の枚数に応じた回数(本実施形態では11回、N1~N11)のピークが出力される。
変換部31は、例えばトランジスタ等を用いた増幅回路を備え、ギャップセンサ21からの微弱な検知信号を増幅して、アナログ信号処理部32及びデジタル信号処理部33へ出力する。
回転数算出部36は、分周部35からの回転数信号の数をカウントすることで圧縮機羽根車12の回転数を演算する。
図4に示される閾値Aは、翼検知信号及び非翼検知信号を選別するためのものであり、選別部38によって、閾値A以上の検知信号が翼検知信号として選別され、閾値A未満の検知信号が非翼検知信号として選別される。
軸振動判定部41は、圧縮機羽根車12の振動状態を判定する。
チップクリアランス判定部42は、圧縮機羽根車12の翼ピークの最大値と圧縮機ケーシング14の内周面との間のクリアランス(図4も参照)の状態を判定する。
下記(1)~(4)式は、本実施形態に係るADC37による低速サンプリング周期を決定する算出式の一例である。
また、(3)式は、1枚毎の翼13がギャップセンサ21を通過する周波数F(Hz、以下「翼間通過周波数」という。)の算出式であり、nは翼13の枚数である。
そして、Fsはサンプリング周波数(Hz)であり、本実施形態では、一例として(4)式に示すように翼間通過周波数Fの10倍とする。
すなわち、翼ピークを示す検知信号がサンプリングされることが望ましいが、低速サンプリングでは、図6の破線で示される翼13に対する検知のように、翼13の中央(腹ともいう。)を検知した検知信号がサンプリングされる可能性がある。
このように、翼ピークとみなせない翼検知信号を含んで、圧縮機羽根車12の状態が判定されると、誤った判定が行われる可能性がある。
抽出部40による比較方法としては、例えば、翼検知信号毎に非翼検知信号との差を翼13の高さ(以下「翼高さ」という。)として算出し、各翼検知信号が示す翼高さに基づいて、翼ピーク検知信号を抽出する。且つ、非翼検知信号は検出頻度が増えるため、非翼検知信号は回数をカウントしない。非翼検知信号をカウントしないことで誤った判定は行われない。
翼高さの算出方法としては、例えば、非翼検知信号の最低値と各翼検知信号との差を各翼検知信号の翼高さとする方法、又は非翼検知信号の平均値と各翼検知信号との差を各翼検知信号の翼高さとする方法が用いられる。
図4の紙面右側に示されるように、抽出部40は、複数回のサンプリングによる翼検知信号が示した値(翼高さ)及び非翼検知信号が示した値毎の回数を得る。抽出部40は、この回数に基づいて、翼検知信号の最高値が最も大きい重みとなり、翼検知信号の最低値が最も小さい重みとなるように重み係数を決定する。
すなわち、最多回数の値及びそれよりも大きい値に対応する翼検知信号は、翼ピークを示していると考えられるものの、最多回数の値よりも小さな値の翼検知信号ほど、翼ピークを示していない可能性が高い。この関係性をより明確にするために、翼検知信号に重み付けを行い、翼ピーク検知信号の抽出を容易とする。
図4の例では、N1の翼13に対する翼検知信号が翼ピークを検知していないとみなされる検知信号である。
なお、ステップ108~112の処理は、抽出部40によって実行される。
そして、この判定終了後に処理はステップ100へ戻り、新たに低速サンプリングした検知信号に基づいて、羽根車状態判定処理が行われる。
基準振動成分AAは、回転機械の異常振動を検知するため閾値であり、振動成分Anが基準振動成分AAに達すると、例えば、警報の報知や回転機械の自動停止が行われる。すなわち、基準振動成分AAは、警報設定値もしくは回転機械の自動停止設定値である。なお、基準振動成分AAは、異なる値が複数設定され、振動成分Anが大きくなり複数の基準振動成分AAに達する毎に、警報の報知や回転機械の自動停止が段階的に行われてもよい。
基準クリアランスBBは、翼13が圧縮機ケーシング14に接近したことを検知するため閾値であり、クリアランスBnが基準クリアランスBBに達すると、例えば、警報の報知や回転機械の自動停止が行われる。すなわち、基準クリアランスBBは、警報設定値もしくは回転機械の自動停止設定値である。なお、基準クリアランスBBは、異なる値が複数設定され、クリアランスBnが大きくなり複数の基準クリアランスBBに達する毎に、警報の報知や回転機械の自動停止が段階的に行われてもよい。
そして、状態監視装置30は、ADC37によって低速サンプリング周期でギャップセンサ21による検知信号をデジタル化し、選別部38によって、デジタル化された検知信号を、圧縮機羽根車12の翼13を検知したとみなせる翼検知信号及び翼13を検知したとみなせない非翼検知信号に選別する。さらに、判定部39によって、翼検知信号を他の翼13に対応する翼検知信号及び非翼検知信号で比較することで、翼ピークとみなせる翼ピーク検知信号を抽出し、抽出した翼ピーク検知信号に基づいて圧縮機羽根車12の状態として軸振動とチップクリアランスを判定する。
12 圧縮機羽根車
21 ギャップセンサ
30 状態監視装置
37 アナログ・デジタル変換部(ADC)
38 選別部
39 判定部
40 抽出部
Claims (5)
- 回転機械の羽根車との間に半径方向に間隔をおいて設けられ、前記羽根車との距離を検知する検知手段と、
所定のサンプリング周期で前記検知手段による検知信号をデジタル化する変換手段と、
前記変換手段によってデジタル化された検知信号を、前記羽根車の翼を検知したとみなせる翼検知信号及び前記翼を検知したとみなせない非翼検知信号に選別する選別手段と、
前記翼検知信号を他の前記翼に対応する前記翼検知信号及び前記非翼検知信号で比較することで、前記翼の頂点とみなせる前記翼検知信号を抽出し、抽出した前記翼検知信号に基づいて前記羽根車の状態を判定する判定手段と、
を備える回転機械の状態監視装置。 - 前記判定手段は、最も高い値を示す前記翼検知信号からのずれ量が大きい程、前記翼検知信号に対してより小さな重み付けを行う請求項1記載の回転機械の状態監視装置。
- 前記所定のサンプリング周期は、1枚毎の前記翼が前記検知手段に対向する位置を通過する時間間隔に基づき決定される請求項1又は請求項2記載の回転機械の状態監視装置。
- 羽根車と、
羽根車を収めるケーシングと、
請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項記載の状態監視装置と、
を備える回転機械。 - 回転機械の羽根車との間に半径方向に間隔をおいて設けられた検知手段によって、前記羽根車との距離を検知する第1工程と、
所定のサンプリング周期で前記検知手段による検知信号をデジタル化する第2工程と、
デジタル化された検知信号を、前記羽根車の翼を検知したとみなせる翼検知信号及び前記翼を検知したとみなせない非翼検知信号に選別する第3工程と、
前記翼検知信号を他の前記翼に対応する前記翼検知信号及び前記非翼検知信号で比較することで、前記翼の頂点とみなせる前記翼検知信号を抽出し、抽出した前記翼検知信号に基づいて前記羽根車の状態を判定する第4工程と、
を含む回転機械の状態監視方法。
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2014
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- 2015-10-06 EP EP15868121.3A patent/EP3232178B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-06 CN CN201580065555.7A patent/CN107003212B/zh active Active
- 2015-10-06 WO PCT/JP2015/078257 patent/WO2016092945A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-10-06 KR KR1020177013632A patent/KR101974293B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6239491B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
KR101974293B1 (ko) | 2019-04-30 |
US10648477B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 |
EP3232178B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
KR20170071589A (ko) | 2017-06-23 |
CN107003212A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US20170342993A1 (en) | 2017-11-30 |
EP3232178A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
JP2016109621A (ja) | 2016-06-20 |
EP3232178A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
CN107003212B (zh) | 2019-03-22 |
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