Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
  • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/06—Mixtures of thickeners and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
  • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/76—Reduction of noise, shudder, or vibrations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
  • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines

Definitions

• Such normal combustion is generally characterized by the expansion of the flame front across the combustion chamber in an orderly and controlled manner.
• the fuel/air mixture may be prematurely ignited by an ignition source prior to the spark plug firing, thereby resulting in a phenomenon known as pre-ignition .
• Pre-ignition is undesirable as it typically results in the presence of greatly increased temperatures and pressures within the combustion chamber, which may have a significant, negative impact on the overall efficiency and performance of an engine.
• Pre- ignition may cause damage to the cylinders, pistons and valves in the engine and in some instances may even culminate in engine failure.
• LSPI low-speed pre-ignition
• OEMs original equipment manufacturers
• LSPI typically occurs at low speeds and high loads.
• the occurrence of LSPI may ultimately lead to so-called monster knock or mega-knock where potentially
• lubricating composition for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-ignition (LSPI) in an internal combustion engine .
• LSPI Low Speed Pre-ignition
• a method for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-ignition (LSPI) in an internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition comprising base oil and one or more performance additives wherein the base oil comprises Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• LSPI Low Speed Pre-ignition
• the disclosure herein provides the use of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil in a lubricating composition for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre- ignition (LSPI) in an internal combustion engine.
• LSPI Low Speed Pre- ignition
• a method for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-ignition (LSPI) in an internal combustion engine comprising lubricating the internal combustion engine with a lubricating composition comprising base oil and one or more performance additives wherein the base oil comprises Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• LSPI Low Speed Pre-ignition
• the level of occurrence of pre-ignition in a spark- ignited engine may be assessed using any suitable method.
• such a method may involve running a spark- ignited engine using the relevant lubricant composition, and monitoring changes in engine pressure during its combustion cycles, i.e., changes in pressure versus crank angle.
• a pre-ignition event will result in an increase in engine pressure before sparking: this may occur during some engine cycles but not others.
• changes in engine performance may be
• a suitably experienced driver may test-drive a vehicle which is driven by the spark-ignited engine, to assess the effects of a particular lubricant composition on, for example, the degree of engine knock or other aspects of engine
• levels of engine damage due to pre-ignition may be monitored over a period of time during which the spark-ignited engine is running using the relevant lubricant composition.
• a reduction in the occurrence of pre-ignition may be a reduction in the rate at which pre-ignition events occur within the engine, and/or in the severity of the pre- ignition events which occur (for example, the degree pressure change which they cause) . It may be manifested by a reduction in one or more of the effects which pre- ignition can have on engine performance, for example impairment of brake torque or inhibition of engine speed. It may be manifested by a reduction in the amount or severity of engine knock, in particular by a reduction in, or elimination of, mega knock .
• a reduction in the occurrence of pre- ignition is a reduction in the rate of which pre-ignition events occur within the engine.
• the lubricant compositions disclosed herein may also be used for the purpose of reducing engine damage and/or for the purpose of increasing engine longevity.
• the methods and lubricant compositions herein may be used to achieve any degree of reduction in the occurrence of pre-ignition in the engine, including reduction to zero (i.e., eliminating pre-ignition). It may be used to achieve any degree of reduction in a side effect of pre- ignition, for example engine damage. It may be used for the purpose of achieving a desired target level of occurrence or side effect.
• the method and use herein preferably achieves a 5% reduction or more in the
• pre-ignition in the engine more preferably a 10% reduction or more in the occurrence of pre-ignition in the engine, even more preferably a 15% reduction or more in the occurrence of pre-ignition in the engine, and especially a 30% reduction or more in the occurrence of pre-ignition in the engine.
• Lubricant compositions of the present disclosure generally comprise a base oil comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and one or more performance additives, and should be suitable for use in a spark-ignited internal combustion engine.
• the lubricant compositions disclosed herein may be particularly useful in a turbocharged spark-ignited engine, more particularly a turbocharged spark-ignited engine which operates, or may operate, or is intended to operate, with an inlet pressure of at least 1 bar.
• compositions herein comprise one or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are known in the art.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived is meant that a base oil is, or is derived from, a synthesis product of a Fischer-Tropsch process.
• a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil may also be referred to as a GTL (Gas-To-Liquids ) base oil.
• GTL Gas-To-Liquids
• Suitable Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils that may be conveniently used as the base oil in the lubricating composition of the present invention are those as for example disclosed in EP 0 776 959, EP 0 668 342, WO
• the aromatics content of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil will typically be below 1 wt.%, preferably below 0.5 wt . % and more preferably below 0.1 wt.%.
• the base oil has a total paraffin content of at least 80 wt.%,
• the base oil preferably at least 85, more preferably at least 90, yet more preferably at least 95 and most preferably at least 99 wt.%. It suitably has a saturates content (as measured by IP-368) of greater than 98 wt.%.
• the saturates content of the base oil is greater than 99 wt.%, more preferably greater than 99.5 wt.%. It further preferably has a maximum n-paraffin content of 0.5 wt.%.
• the base oil preferably also has a content of naphthenic compounds of from 0 to less than 20 wt.%, more preferably of from 0.5 to 10 wt.%.
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil or base oil blend has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (as measured by ASTM D445) in the range of from 1 to 30 mm 2 /s
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at most 5.0 mm 2 /s, preferably at most 4.5 mm 2 /s, more preferably at most 4.2 mm 2 /s (e.g. GTL 4 ) .
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at most 8.5 mm 2 /s, preferably at most 8 mm 2 /s (e.g. GTL 8 ) .
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil typically has a kinematic viscosity at 40°C (as measured by ASTM D445) of from 10 to 100 mm 2 /s (cSt) , preferably from 15 to 50 mm 2 /s.
• the flash point (as measured by ASTM D92) of the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is preferably greater than 120°C, more preferably even greater than 140°C.
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil preferably has a viscosity index (according to ASTM D 2270) in the range of from 100 to 200.
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a viscosity index of at least 125, preferably 130. Also it is preferred that the viscosity index is below 180, preferably below 150.
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil contains a blend of two or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils
• the above values apply to the blend of the two or more Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils.
• the lubricating oil composition described herein preferably comprises 80 wt% or greater of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• the lubricating oil composition described herein may also comprise one or more other base oils in addition to the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil.
• the base oil used in the lubricating composition herein comprises at least a Fischer-tropsch derived base oil
• the other base oil (s) used in lubricating composition according to the present invention there are no particular limitations regarding the other base oil (s) used in lubricating composition according to the present invention, and various conventional mineral oils, synthetic oils as well as naturally derived esters such as vegetable oils may be conveniently used.
• Any base oil which belongs to Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V and so on of the API (American
• the base oil may conveniently comprise mixtures of one or more mineral oils and/or one or more synthetic oils; thus, the term base oil may refer to a mixture comprising more than one base oil.
• Mineral oils include liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oil of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrofinishing processes and/or dewaxing.
• Naphthenic base oils have low viscosity index (VI) (generally 40 80) and a low pour point.
• Such base oils are produced from feedstocks rich in naphthenes and low in wax content and are used mainly for lubricants in which color and color stability are important, and VI and oxidation stability are of secondary importance.
• Paraffinic base oils have higher VI (generally >95) and a high pour point. Such base oils are produced from feedstocks rich in paraffins, and are used for lubricants in which VI and oxidation stability are important.
• Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs) , dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) , alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates .
• hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (including polyalphaolefin base oils; PAOs) , dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) , alkyl naphthalenes and dewaxed waxy isomerates .
• PAOs Poly-alpha olefin base oils
• Suitable poly- alpha olefin base oils that may be used include those derived from linear C 2 to C 32 , preferably C 6 to Ci 6 , alpha olefins.
• Particularly preferred feedstocks for said poly- alpha olefins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and 1- tetradecene .
• the base oil comprises mineral oils and/or synthetic oils which contain more than 80% wt of saturates, preferably more than 90 % wt., as measured according to ASTM D2007.
• the base oil contains less than 1.0 wt . %, preferably less than 0.03 wt . % of sulfur, calculated as elemental sulfur and measured according to ASTM D2622, ASTM D4294, ASTM D4927 or ASTM D3120.
• the viscosity index of the base oil is more than 80, more preferably more than 120, as measured according to ASTM D2270.
• the base oil preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 2.5 mm 2 /s (according to ASTM D445) , preferably at least 3 mm 2 /s.
• a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 2.5 mm 2 /s (according to ASTM D445) , preferably at least 3 mm 2 /s.
• the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of between 3.0 and 4.5 mm 2 /s.
• the total amount of base oil incorporated in the lubricant compositions is preferably in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt . %, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt. % and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 75 to 88 wt . %, with respect to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• Performance Additives are preferably in an amount in the range of from 60 to 99 wt . %, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 65 to 90 wt. % and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 75 to 88 wt . %, with respect to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the lubricant compositions may further comprise one or more performance additives such as anti ⁇ oxidants, anti-wear additives, detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, extreme pressure additives, metal passivators and seal fix/seal compatibility agents.
• performance additives such as anti ⁇ oxidants, anti-wear additives, detergents, dispersants, friction modifiers, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, extreme pressure additives, metal passivators and seal fix/seal compatibility agents.
• Suitable anti-oxidants include, but are not limited to, aminic antioxidants, phenolic
• antioxidants examples include alkylated diphenylamines , phenyl- -naphthylamines , phenyl- -naphthylamines and alkylated -naphthylamines.
• Preferred aminic antioxidants include
• dialkyldiphenylamines such as p, p ' -dioctyl-diphenylamine, p,p'-di- -methylbenzyl-diphenylamine and N-p-butylphenyl- N-p ' -octylphenylamine
• monoalkyldiphenylamines such as mono-t-butyldiphenylamine and mono-octyldiphenylamine
• bis (dialkylphenyl ) amines such as di-(2,4- diethylphenyl) amine and di (2-ethyl-4-nonylphenyl) amine
• alkylphenyl-l-naphthylamines such as octylphenyl-1- naphthylamine and n-t-dodecylphenyl-l-naphthylamine, 1- naphthylamine, arylna
• phenylenediamines such as N, N ' -diisopropyl-p- phenylenediamine and N, ' -diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, and phenothiazines such as phenothiazine and 3,7- dioctylphenothiazine .
• Preferred aminic antioxidants include those available under the following trade designations: Sonoflex OD-3 (ex. Seiko Kagaku Co.), Irganox L-57 (ex. Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co.) and phenothiazine (ex. Hodogaya Kagaku
• phenolic antioxidants which may be conveniently used include C7-C9 branched alkyl esters of
• 2.6-di-t-butyl-4-alkoxyphenols such as 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4- methoxyphenol and 2, 6-di-t-butyl-4-ethoxyphenol, 3,5-di-t- butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptooctylacetate, alkyl-3- (3, 5- di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionates such as n- octadecyl-3- (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, n- butyl-3- (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and 2'- ethylhexyl-3- (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate,
• 2, 6-d-t-butyl- -dimethylamino-p-cresol 2 , 2 ' -methylene- bis (4-alkyl-6-t-butylphenol) such as 2, 2 ' -methylenebis (4- methyl-6-t-butylphenol, and 2, 2-methylenebis (4-ethyl-6-t- butylphenol) , bisphenols such as 4 , 4 ' -butylidenebis (3- methyl-6-t-butylphenol, 4,4' -methylenebis (2, 6-di-t- butylphenol) , 4, 4 ' -bis (2, 6-di-t-butylphenol) , 2,2-(di-p- hydroxyphenyl ) propane, 2, 2 -bis (3, 5-di-t-butyl-4- hydroxyphenyl) propane, 4,4' -cyclohexylidenebis (2, 6-t- butylphenol) , hexamethyleneglycol-bis [3
• Suitable phenolic antioxidants include those which are commercially available under the following trade designations: Irganox L-135 (ex. Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co.), Yoshinox SS (ex. Yoshitomi Seiyaku Co.), Antage W-400 (ex. Kawaguchi Kagaku Co.), Antage W-500 (ex. Kawaguchi Kagaku Co.), Antage W-300 (ex. Kawaguchi Kagaku Co.), Irganox L109 (ex. Ciba Speciality Chemicals Co.), Tominox 917 (ex. Yoshitomi Seiyaku Co.), Irganox L115 (ex. Ciba Speciality Chemicals Co.), Sumilizer GA80 (ex.
• antioxidants are present in an amount in the range of from 0.1 to 5.0 wt . %, more preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.3 to 3.0 wt . %, and most preferably in an amount in the range of from 0.5 to 1.5 wt . %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• Anti-wear additives that may be conveniently used include zinc-containing compounds such as zinc
• dithiophosphate compounds selected from zinc dialkyl-, diaryl- and/or alkylaryl- dithiophosphates, molybdenum- containing compounds, boron-containing compounds and ashless anti-wear additives such as substituted or unsubstituted thiophosphoric acids, and salts thereof.
• Zinc dithiophosphate is a well known additive in the art and may be conveniently represented by general formula II :
• R2 to R5 may be the same or different and are each a primary alkyl group containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms preferably from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a secondary alkyl group containing from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group or an aryl group substituted with an alkyl group, said alkyl substituent containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms
• Zinc dithiophosphate compounds in which R 2 to R 5 are all different from each other can be used alone or in admixture with zinc dithiophosphate compounds in which R 2 to R 5 are all the same.
• Suitable zinc dithiophosphates include those which are commercially available under the following trade designations: Lz 1097 , Lz 1395 , Lz 677A , Lz 1095 , Lz 1370 , Lz 1371 , and Lz 1373 (ex. Lubrizol Corporation); OLOA 267 , OLOA 269R , OLOA 260 and OLOA 262 (ex. Chevron Oronite) ; and HITEC 7197 and HITEC 7169 (ex. Afton Chemical) .
• molybdenum-containing compounds may conveniently include molybdenum dithiocarbamates ,
• trinuclear molybdenum compounds for example as described in WO 98/26030, sulphides of molybdenum and molybdenum dithiophosphate.
• Boron-containing compounds that may be conveniently used include borate esters, borated fatty amines, borated epoxides, alkali metal (or mixed alkali metal or alkaline earth metal) borates and borated overbased metal salts.
• the lubricant compositions may generally comprise in the range of from 0.4 to 1.2 wt . % of an anti-wear additive, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition .
• lubricating compositions include one or more salicylate and/or phenate and/or sulphonate detergents.
• metal organic and inorganic base salts which are used as detergents can contribute to the sulfated ash content of a lubricant composition, in a preferred embodiment, the amounts of such additives are minimized. Furthermore, in order to maintain a low sulphur level, salicylate detergents are preferred.
• said detergents are preferably used in amounts in the range of 0.05 to 20.0 wt . %, more preferably from 1.0 to 10.0 wt . % and most preferably in the range of from 2.0 to 5.0 wt . %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the detergents may independently have a
• TBN total base number value in the range of from 10 to 500 mg.KOH/g, more preferably in the range of from 30 to 350 mg.KOH/g and most preferably in the range of from 50 to 300 mg.KOH/g, as measured by ISO 3771.
• the lubricant compositions may additionally contain an ash-free dispersant which is preferably admixed in an amount in the range of from 5 to 15 wt . %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• ash-free dispersants examples include the polyalkenyl succinimides and polyalkenyl succininic acid esters disclosed in Japanese Patent Nos. 1367796, 1667140, 1302811 and 1743435. Preferred
• dispersants include borated succinimides.
• viscosity index improvers which may be conveniently used in the lubricant compositions include the styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene stellate copolymers and the polymethacrylate copolymer and ethylene-propylene copolymers. Such viscosity index improvers may be conveniently employed in an amount in the range of from 1 to 20 wt . %, based on the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• Polymethacrylates may be conveniently employed in the lubricant compositions as effective pour point depressants.
• For corrosion inhibitors it is possible to use alkenyl succinic acid or ester moieties thereof, benzotriazole-based compounds and thiodiazole-based compounds .
• polycyclohexane and polyacrylates may be conveniently used in the lubricant compositions as anti-foam agents.
• seal fix or seal compatibility agents include, for example, commercially available aromatic esters.
• the lubricant compositions may be conveniently prepared using conventional formulation techniques by admixing one or more base oils with one or more
• the disclosure herein further provides the use of a lubricating composition comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil and one or more performance additives in the crankcase of a spark-ignited engine for reducing pre- ignition .
• Lubricant compositions comprising a base oil and an additive package were formulated as indicated in Table 1 below. All formulations were manufactured by blending together the base oils, the viscosity modifier and the additive package using conventional mixing techniques.
• the base oil used in Example 1 was a binary blend of GTL 4 and GTL 8.
• GTL 4 is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approximately 4 est (mm 2 /s) .
• the GTL 4 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO02/070631.
• GTL 8 is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C (ASTM D445) of approximately 8 est (mm 2 /s) .
• the GTL 8 base oil may be conveniently manufactured by the process described in e.g. WO02/070631.
• the base oil used in Comparative Example 1 was a blend of Yubase 4 and Yubase 6, both of which are
• the additive package was identical in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and comprised a detergent, an anti ⁇ oxidant, a viscosity modifier, a dispersant, an anti-wear additive, a pour point depressant, an anti-foam agent and a corrosion inhibitor.
• Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were formulated to meet the same performance specifications using the same additive package. Because the base oils are
• Example 1 different in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the viscosity modifier was adjusted in each example such that the lubricant composition met the same viscosity
• Example 1 were almost identical in terms of kVlOO
• Example 1 Comparative Example 1 below provide comparative data in terms of LSPI performance .
• Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to the following test method for measuring LSPI events and the frequency thereof.
• test protocol used for measuring LSPI events involved running a quasi-steady state test on a modern turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine with a displacement of 2.0 L.
• the test included operation at an engine condition where the low speed pre-ignition
• Piston cooling jets present, with cast-in oil galleries in the piston for enhanced cooling
• Example 2 The results in Table 2 show that the lubricant of Example 1 comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil was associated with a reduced LSPI occurrence compared with the lubricant of Comparative Example 1 (comprising alternative, non-Fischer-Tropsch derived, Group III base oil) .

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• 2015
  • 2015-11-30 WO PCT/EP2015/078076 patent/WO2016087379A1/en active Application Filing
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