JP2017514982A - 低速プレイグニッションを防止または低減する方法 - Google Patents
低速プレイグニッションを防止または低減する方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017514982A JP2017514982A JP2017511548A JP2017511548A JP2017514982A JP 2017514982 A JP2017514982 A JP 2017514982A JP 2017511548 A JP2017511548 A JP 2017511548A JP 2017511548 A JP2017511548 A JP 2017511548A JP 2017514982 A JP2017514982 A JP 2017514982A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- magnesium
- oil
- zinc
- detergent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 263
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- -1 alkaline earth metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 65
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 57
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- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 40
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
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- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;diphenoxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMRQTIAUOLVKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium salicylate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000316 alkaline earth metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940072082 magnesium salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-amino-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)pyrazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound NC1=C(C(=O)OCC)C=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 MFGZXPGKKJMZIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN1CCOCC1 WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 132
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 33
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 24
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 12
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- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
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Classifications
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、配合油中に特定の量で存在する、少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩、好ましくは、少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩を含む清浄剤を有する配合油を潤滑油として使用することによって、潤滑油で潤滑されたエンジンにおける低速プレイグニッション(low speed pre-ignition:LSPI)を防止または低減する方法に関する。本開示の潤滑油は、乗用車用エンジン油(passenger vehicle engine oil:PVEO)製品として有用である。
火炎伝搬(または「火花点火」)エンジンにおけるプレイグニッションとは、気筒中の空気/燃料混合物が、スパークプラグが発火する前に点火する現象を言う。プレイグニッションは、燃焼室の高温部、適用するには加熱されすぎたスパークプラグ、または以前のエンジン燃焼現象によって白熱まで加熱された燃焼室中の炭素質沈着物などの火花以外の発火源によって開始される。
本開示は、一部、内部燃焼エンジン(internal combustion engines)において特に有用であり、かつ内部燃焼エンジンにおいて使用される時にプレイグニッションの問題を防止または最小化するであろう新規潤滑油配合物に関する。本開示の潤滑油組成物は、潤滑油混合ガソリン燃料による火花点火エンジンにおいて有用である。本開示の潤滑剤配合物(lubricant formulation)の化学的性質(chemistry)は、すでに設計されたか、または市販されているエンジン、ならびに将来的なエンジン技術においてLSPIの有害作用を防止または制御するために使用することができる。本開示の潤滑剤配合物の化学的性質は、OEM技術および効率改善に対する障壁を取り除き、および現在LSPIによって妨げられている低速化されたターボ過給ガソリンエンジンのさらなる開発を可能にする。LSPIを防止または低減するための本開示によって得られる潤滑剤配合物による解決策は、LSPIに関して、製品の差別化を可能にする。
本明細書の詳細な説明および特許請求の範囲内の全ての数値は、示された値に「約」または「およそ」によって修飾され、および当業者によって予想されるであろう実験的誤差および変動が考慮される。
広範囲の潤滑剤ベース油が当該技術分野において既知である。本開示において有用である潤滑剤ベース油は、天然油および合成油の両方であり、かつ非慣例的な油(またはその混合物)を未精製、精製または再精製の状態で使用することもできる(後者は再生利用または再処理油としても既知である)。未精製油は、天然または合成供給源から直接得られるものであり、かつ追加的な精製を行わずに使用される。これらには、乾留操作から直接得られる頁岩油、一次蒸留から直接得られる石油、およびエステル生成プロセスから直接得られるエステル油が含まれる。精製油は、少なくとも1つの潤滑油特性を改善するための1回以上の精製工程を受けることを除き、未精製油に関して議論された油に類似する。当業者は多くの精製プロセスに精通している。これらのプロセスには、溶媒抽出、二次蒸留、酸抽出、塩基抽出、ろ過およびパーコレーションが含まれる。再精製油は、精製油に類似であるが、以前に使用されたことのある油を供給ストックとして使用する。
本開示において有用な例示的な清浄剤としては、例えば、アルカリ土類金属清浄剤またはアルカリ土類金属清浄剤の混合物が含まれる。典型的なアルカリ土類金属清浄剤は、分子の長鎖疎水性部分と、分子のより小さいアニオン性または疎油性の親水性部分とを含むアニオン性材料である。清浄剤のアニオン性部分は、硫黄酸、有機酸、例えば、カルボン酸、亜リン酸、フェノールまたはそれらの混合物から誘導される。対イオンはアルカリ土類金属である。好ましくは、清浄剤は、少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩を含んでなり、および少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩は少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩を含んでなる。
である。好ましいR基は、少なくともC11、好ましくはC13以上のアルキル鎖である。Rは、清浄剤の機能を妨害しない置換基によって任意選択的に置換されていてもよい。Mは、好ましくは、カルシウム、マグネシウムまたはバリウムである。より好ましくは、Mはカルシウムまたはマグネシウムである。
エンジン運転の間、油不溶性の酸化副産物が生じる。分散剤は、これらの副産物を溶液中に保持することを促進し、したがって、金属表面上でのそれらの堆積が低減する。潤滑油の配合物中で使用される分散剤は、本質的に無灰型または灰分形成型であってよい。好ましくは、分散剤は無灰である。いわゆる無灰分散剤は、燃焼時に実質的に灰分を形成しないか、またはわずかに形成する有機材料である。例えば、非金属含有またはホウ酸化された金属を含まない分散剤が無灰であると思われる。対照的に、上記の金属含有清浄剤は燃焼時に灰分を形成する。
メタルアルキルチオフォスフェート(又はアルキルチオリン酸金属)、特に金属成分が亜鉛であるメタルジアルキルジチオフォスフェート(又はジアルキルジチオリン酸金属)、またはジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート(zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate:ZDDP)が、本開示の潤滑油の有用な成分である。ZDDPは、第一級アルコール、第二級アルコール、またはそれらの混合物から誘導することができる。好ましいZDDP化合物は一般に、次式:
Zn[SP(S)(OR1)(OR2)]2
[式中、R1およびR2は、独立して、第一級および/または第二級C1〜C8アルキル基である]
によって表される。第一級アルコール(1°)誘導ZDDPおよび第二級アルコール(2°)誘導ZDDPの混合物を使用することができる。R1およびR2置換基は、独立して、C1〜C18アルキル基、好ましくはC2〜C12アルキル基であり得る。好ましくは、R1およびR2は、独立して、第一級および/または第二級C1〜C8アルキル基である(ただし、R1およびR2の少なくとも一方が第二級C1〜C8アルキル基である)。R1およびR2がC1〜C8アルキル基である第一級アルコール誘導ZDDPおよび第二級アルコール誘導ZDDPの混合物を使用することができる。これらのアルキル基は、直鎖であっても、または分岐鎖であってもよい。アルキルアリール基が使用されてもよい。
本開示において有用な配合潤滑油は、限定されないが、他の抗摩耗剤、他の分散剤、他の清浄剤、腐食抑制剤、さび抑制剤、金属不活性化剤、極圧添加剤、抗焼付剤、ワックス変性剤、粘度指数向上剤、粘度変性剤、脱水添加剤、シール適合性剤、摩擦変性剤、潤滑剤、抗汚染剤、発色剤、消泡剤、解乳化剤、乳化剤、高密度化剤、湿潤剤、ゲル化剤、粘着剤、着色剤および他を含む、1種以上の他の一般に使用される潤滑油性能添加剤を追加的に含有していてもよい。多くの一般に使用される添加剤に関しては、KlamannのLubricants and Related Products,Verlag Chemie,Deerfield Beach,FL;ISBN 0 89573 177 0を参照されたい。Noyes Data Corporation of Parkridge,NJ(1973)によって出版されたM.W.Ranney著「Lubricant Additives」も参照され、また全体として本明細書に組み込まれる米国特許第7,704,930号明細書も参照されたい。これらの添加剤は、5重量%〜50重量%の範囲であってよい様々な量の希釈剤油とともに一般に送達される。
本開示の潤滑剤組成物は、粘度指数向上剤(VI向上剤、粘度変性剤および粘度向上剤としても知られている)を含み得る。
酸化防止剤は、使用間のベース油の酸化分解を阻害する。そのような分解は、金属表面上の堆積、スラッジの存在、または潤滑剤の粘度上昇をもたらし得る。当業者は、潤滑油組成物において有用な多種多様な酸化抑制剤を知っている。例えば、上記KlamannのLubricants and Related Products、ならびに米国特許第4,798,684号明細書および同第5,084,197号明細書を参照されたい。
必要に応じて、従来の流動点降下剤(潤滑油流動性向上剤としても知られている)を本開示の組成物に添加してもよい。これらの流動点降下剤は、流体が流動し得るか、または流れ出ることが可能であろう最低温度を低下させるために、本開示の潤滑組成物に添加されてよい。適切な流動点降下剤の例としては、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアクリレート、ポリアリールアミド、ハロパラフィンワックスおよび芳香族化合物の縮合生成物、ビニルカルボキシレートポリマー、ならびにジアルキルフマレート、脂肪酸のビニルエステルおよびアリルビニルエーテルのターポリマーが含まれる。米国特許第1,815,022号明細書、同第2,015,748号明細書、同第2,191,498号明細書、同第2,387,501号明細書、同第2,655,479号明細書、同第2,666,746号明細書、同第2,721,877号明細書、同第2,721,878号明細書および同第3,250,715号明細書には、有用な流動点降下剤および/またはそれらの調製が記載されている。そのような添加剤は、約0.01〜5重量%、好ましくは約0.01〜1.5重量%の量で使用されてよい。
シール適合性剤は、流体中で化学反応を、またはエラストマー中で物理変化をもたらすことによって、エラストマー性シールを膨張させることを促進する。潤滑油に適切なシール適合性剤には、有機ホスフェート、アルコキシスルホラン、芳香族エステル、芳香族炭化水素、エステル(例えば、ブチルベンジルフタレート)およびポリブテニル無水コハク酸が含まれる。そのような添加剤は、約0.01〜3重量%、好ましくは約0.01〜2重量%の量で使用されてよい。
消泡剤は有利に潤滑剤組成物に添加されてよい。これらの薬剤は安定した気泡の形成を阻害する。シリコーンおよび有機ポリマーは、典型的な消泡剤である。例えば、シリコン油またはポリジメチルシロキサンなどのポリシロキサンが消泡剤特性をもたらす。消泡剤は商業的に入手可能であり、および解乳化剤などの他の添加剤と一緒に従来通り少量で使用されてもよく、通常、これらの組み合わされた添加剤の量は1重量%未満であり、しばしば0.1重量%未満である。
抗さび添加剤(または腐食抑制剤)は、水または他の汚染物質による化学的攻撃に対して、潤滑された金属表面を保護する添加剤である。多種多様なこれらは商業的に入手可能である。
摩擦変性剤は、そのような材料を含有するいずれかの潤滑剤または流体によって潤滑された表面の摩擦係数を変更することができる、いずれかの材料である。摩擦減少剤、または潤滑剤もしくは油性剤、および潤滑された表面の摩擦係数を変性するためにベース油、配合潤滑剤組成物または機能的な流体の能力を変更する他のそのような薬剤としても知られている摩擦変性剤は、必要に応じて、本開示のベース油または潤滑剤組成物と一緒に効果的に使用されてもよい。摩擦係数を低下する摩擦変性剤は、本開示のベース油および潤滑油組成物と組み合わせて特に都合がよい。
配合物を図1に記載されるように調製した。本明細書で使用される全ての成分は、商業的に入手可能である。配合物中、グループI、II、III、IVおよびVベースストックを使用した。
配合物を図3に記載されるように調製した。本明細書で使用される全ての成分は、商業的に入手可能である。配合物中、グループIII、IVおよびVベースストックを使用した。
配合物を図4に記載されるように調製した。本明細書で使用される全ての成分は、商業的に入手可能である。配合物中、グループIII、IVおよびVベースストックを使用した。
配合物を図5に記載されるように調製した。本明細書で使用される全ての成分は、商業的に入手可能である。配合物中、グループIII、IVおよびVベースストックを使用した。
配合物を図7に記載されるように調製した。本明細書で使用される全ての成分は、商業的に入手可能である。配合物中、グループIII、IVおよびVベースストックを使用した。
配合物を図9に記載されるように調製した。本明細書で使用される全ての成分は、商業的に入手可能である。配合物中、グループII、III、IVおよびVベースストックを使用した。
図10および11の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、添加剤およびベースストックの組み合わせであり、かつ100℃において約7.5〜8.5cStの動粘度および150℃において約2.5〜2.9cPの高温高せん断(10−6秒−1)粘度を有する。実施例P1、P2、P3の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、それぞれ、0.05、0.15および0.51のホウ素対分散剤窒素比を有することが予想される。これらの配合物中の全ホウ素含有量は、50ppm〜800ppmの範囲であることが予想される。([Mg]+[Ca])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P3に関する1.28〜実施例P1に関する2.91の範囲であることが予想される。同様に、([Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P3に関する0.71〜実施例P1に関する1.62の範囲であることが予想される。最後に、実施例P1、P2およびP3の([Mg]+[Ca]+[Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、1.99〜4.53であることが予想される。実施例P4およびP5の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、300ppm〜600ppmのマグネシウム含有量を有することが予想される。同様に、実施例P6、P7およびP8の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、300ppm〜900ppmのマグネシウム含有量および実施例P6に関する約0.12〜実施例P8に関する1.21のマグネシウム対カルシウム比を有することが予想される。同時に、これらの実施例のTBNは、実施例P8に関する6.8から実施例P6に関するP9まで変動する。同様に、実施例P4、P5およびP6の硫酸灰分含有量は、0.3重量%から1.2重量%灰分まで変動する。図10および11において識別される他の比率も、本明細書で示されるように変化する。実施例P9およびP10の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、一定のTBNにおいて、それぞれ、約0.06および3のマグネシウム対カルシウム比を有することが予想される。実施例P11、P12およびP13の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、実施例P13に関する約96ppm〜実施例P11に関する約635ppmの範囲の亜鉛含有量を有することが予想される。実施例P11、P12およびP13の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、実施例P13に関する約87ppm〜実施例P11に関する約570ppmの範囲のリン含有量を有することが予想される。([Mg]+[Ca])/([Zn]+[P])比は、実施例P11に関する約2.5〜実施例P13に関する16.5の範囲である。([Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P11に関する約1〜実施例P13に関する0.15の範囲である。([Mg]+[Ca]+[Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P11に関する約3.4〜実施例P13に関する2.6の範囲である。
図12および13の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、添加剤およびベースストックの組み合わせであり、かつ100℃において約5.5〜7.5cStの動粘度および150℃において約2〜2.5cPの高温高せん断(10−6秒−1)粘度を有する。実施例P14、P15およびP16の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、それぞれ、0.05、0.15および0.51のホウ素対分散剤窒素比を有することが予想される。これらの配合物中の全ホウ素含有量は、50ppm〜800ppmの範囲であることが予想される。([Mg]+[Ca])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P16に関する1.28〜実施例P14に関する2.91の範囲であることが予想される。同様に、([Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P16に関する0.71〜実施例P14に関する1.62の範囲であることが予想される。最後に、実施例P14、P15およびP16の([Mg]+[Ca]+[Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、1.99〜4.53であることが予想される。実施例P17およびP18の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、300ppm〜600ppmのマグネシウム含有量を有することが予想される。同様に、実施例P19、P20およびP21の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、300ppm〜900ppmのマグネシウム含有量および実施例P19に関する約0.12〜実施例P21に関する1.21のマグネシウム対カルシウム比を有することが予想される。同時に、これらの実施例のTBNは、実施例P21に関する6.8から実施例P19に関する9まで変動する。同様に、実施例P17、P18およびP19の硫酸灰分含有量は、0.3重量%から1.2重量%灰分まで変動する。図12および13において識別される他の比率も、本明細書で示されるように変化する。実施例P22およびP23の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、一定のTBNにおいて、それぞれ、約0.06および3のマグネシウム対カルシウム比を有することが予想される。実施例P24、P25およびP26の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、実施例P26に関する約96ppm〜実施例P24に関する約635ppmの範囲の亜鉛含有量を有することが予想される。実施例P24、P25およびP26の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、実施例P26に関する約87ppm〜実施例P24に関する約570ppmの範囲のリン含有量を有することが予想される。([Mg]+[Ca])/([Zn]+[P])比は、実施例P24に関する約2.5〜実施例P26に関する16.5の範囲である。([Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P24に関する約1〜実施例P26に関する0.15の範囲である。([Mg]+[Ca]+[Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P24に関する約3.4〜実施例P26に関する2.6の範囲である。
図14および15の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、添加剤およびベースストックの組み合わせであり、かつ100℃において約9〜11cStの動粘度および150℃において約2.9〜3.4cPの高温高せん断(10−6秒−1)粘度を有する。実施例P27、P28およびP29の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、それぞれ、0.05、0.15および0.51のホウ素対分散剤窒素比を有することが予想される。これらの配合物中の全ホウ素含有量は、50ppm〜800ppmの範囲であることが予想される。([Mg]+[Ca])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P29に関する1.28〜実施例P27に関する2.91の範囲であることが予想される。同様に、([Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P29に関する0.71〜実施例P27に関する1.62の範囲であることが予想される。最後に、実施例P27、P28およびP29の([Mg]+[Ca]+[Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、1.99〜4.53であることが予想される。実施例P30およびP31の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、300ppm〜600ppmのマグネシウム含有量を有することが予想される。同様に、実施例P32、P33およびP34の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、300ppm〜900ppmのマグネシウム含有量および実施例P32に関する約0.12〜実施例P34に関する1.21のマグネシウム対カルシウム比を有することが予想される。同時に、これらの実施例のTBNは、実施例P34に関する6.8から実施例P32に関する9まで変動する。同様に、実施例P30、P31およびP32の硫酸灰分含有量は、0.3重量%から1.2重量%灰分まで変動する。図14および15において識別される他の比率も、本明細書で示されるように変化する。実施例P35およびP36の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、一定のTBNにおいて、それぞれ、約0.06および3のマグネシウム対カルシウム比を有することが予想される。実施例P37、P38およびP39の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、実施例P39に関する約96ppm〜実施例P37に関する約635ppmの範囲の亜鉛含有量を有することが予想される。実施例P37、P38およびP39の潤滑エンジン油配合物は、実施例P39に関する約87ppm〜実施例P37に関する約570ppmの範囲のリン含有量を有することが予想される。([Mg]+[Ca])/([Zn]+[P])比は、実施例P37に関する約2.5〜実施例P39に関する16.5の範囲である。([Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P37に関する約1〜実施例P39に関する0.15の範囲である。([Mg]+[Ca]+[Zn]+[P])/([B]+[N]分散剤)比は、実施例P37に関する約3.4〜実施例P39に関する2.6の範囲である。上記実施例において使用される金属の濃度は、最終潤滑剤における重量による全%の単位である。[N]分散剤とは、分散剤のみによって最終潤滑剤に提供された窒素濃度を意味する。
Claims (16)
- 配合油を潤滑油として使用することによって、前記潤滑油で潤滑されたエンジンにおける低速プレイグニッションを防止または低減する方法であって、前記配合油が、主成分として潤滑油ベースストックと、副成分として少なくとも1種の清浄剤とを含む組成を有し、
前記清浄剤が、少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩を含み、前記少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩は、少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩を含み、
前記エンジンは、少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩を含まない潤滑油を使用してエンジンで達成される低速プレイグニッション性能と比較すると、25,000回のエンジンサイクル、2000回転毎分(RPM)におけるエンジン運転および18バールの正味平均有効圧(BMEP)について標準化された低速プレイグニッション(LSPI)数に基づいて、50%よりも大きい低速プレイグニッションの低減を示す、
方法。 - 前記副成分が少なくとも1種の亜鉛含有化合物または少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤が、第二級アルコール由来の少なくとも1種のジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート化合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記副成分が少なくとも1種の亜鉛含有化合物または少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤および少なくとも1種のホウ素含有化合物をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤が、第二級アルコール由来の少なくとも1種のジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート化合物を含み、前記ホウ素含有化合物が、少なくとも1種のホウ酸化分散剤、またはホウ素含有化合物と非ホウ酸化分散剤との混合物を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑油ベースストックが、グループI、グループII、グループIII、グループIVまたはグループVのベース油を含み、前記グループVのベース油が、2%〜20%の濃度でエステルベース油を含み、100℃で2cSt〜8cStの動粘度を有し、前記グループIIIのベース油がGTLベース油を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩が、アルカリ土類金属スルホネート、アルカリ土類金属カルボキシレート、アルカリ土類金属フェネート、アルカリ土類金属ホスフェートおよびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記清浄剤が、
(i)マグネシウムスルホネート、マグネシウムフェネートおよびマグネシウムサリシレートならびにそれらの混合物の少なくとも1種、任意選択的にカルシウムスルホネート、カルシウムフェネートおよびカルシウムサリシレートならびにそれらの混合物の少なくとも1種、
(ii)マグネシウムスルホネート、マグネシウムサリシレート、マグネシウムカルボキシレート、マグネシウムフェネート、マグネシウムホスフェートおよびそれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩、または
(iii)マグネシウムスルホネート、マグネシウムスルホネートおよびマグネシウムサリシレートの混合物、マグネシウムスルホネートおよびマグネシウムフェネートの混合物、もしくはマグネシウムスルホネートおよびマグネシウムカルボキシレートの混合物を含む、
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - (i)前記清浄剤によって提供されるマグネシウムおよびアルカリ土類金属が、前記潤滑油中に500ppm〜5000ppmの量で存在するか、
(ii)前記清浄剤によって提供される全アルカリ価(TBN)が、ASTM D2896によって測定される場合、2mg KOH/g〜17mg KOH/gの範囲であるか、または
(iii)前記清浄剤によって提供される硫酸灰分が、0.4〜1.7重量%の範囲である、
請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記亜鉛含有化合物が、ジンクカルボキシレート、ジンクスルホネート、ジンクアセテート、ジンクナフテネート、ジンクアルケニルスクシネート、ジンクアシッドホスフェートソルト、ジンクフェネートおよびジンクサリシレートからなる群から選択される、請求項2〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート化合物が、式:
Zn[SP(S)(OR1)(OR2)]2
[式中、R1およびR2は、独立して、第一級または第二級C1〜C8アルキル基である(ただし、R1およびR2の少なくとも一方は、第二級C1〜C8アルキル基である)]
によって表される、請求項2〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 前記ジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート化合物が、(i)C3〜C8第二級アルコールもしくはそれらの混合物、または(ii)C1〜C8第一級アルコールおよびC1〜C8第二級アルコールの混合物から誘導される、請求項2〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ホウ素含有化合物またはホウ酸化分散剤が、ホウ酸化スクシンイミド、ホウ酸化コハク酸エステル、ホウ酸化コハク酸エステルアミド、ホウ酸化マンニッヒ塩基およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択され、前記非ホウ酸化分散剤が、ホウ素含有化合物を含むカップリング剤との無水コハク酸誘導スクシンイミドまたはコハク酸エステルを含む、請求項3〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑油中の、前記亜鉛含有化合物および抗摩耗剤からの全亜鉛と、前記清浄剤からの全アルカリ土類金属とを加算して、前記ホウ素含有化合物およびホウ酸化分散剤からの全ホウ素で割った比率が9.2〜45である、請求項3〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 主成分として潤滑油ベースストックと、副成分として少なくとも1種の清浄剤とを含む組成を有する潤滑エンジン油であって、前記清浄剤が、少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩を含み、前記少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩は、少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩を含み、
前記エンジンは、少なくとも1種の有機酸のマグネシウム塩を含まない潤滑油を使用してエンジンで達成される低速プレイグニッション性能と比較すると、25,000回のエンジンサイクル、2000回転毎分(RPM)におけるエンジン運転および18バールの正味平均有効圧(BMEP)について標準化された低速プレイグニッション(LSPI)数に基づいて、50%よりも大きい低速プレイグニッションの低減を示す、
潤滑エンジン油。 - 前記副成分が少なくとも1種の亜鉛含有化合物または少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤が、第二級アルコール由来の少なくとも1種のジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート化合物を含む、請求項13に記載の潤滑エンジン油。
- 前記副成分が少なくとも1種の亜鉛含有化合物または少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤および少なくとも1種のホウ素含有化合物をさらに含み、前記少なくとも1種の抗摩耗剤が、第二級アルコール由来の少なくとも1種のジンクジアルキルジチオホスフェート化合物を含み、前記ホウ素含有化合物が、少なくとも1種のホウ酸化分散剤、またはホウ素含有化合物と非ホウ酸化分散剤との混合物を含む、請求項13に記載の潤滑エンジン油。
- 配合エンジン油を潤滑油として使用することによって、前記潤滑油で潤滑されたエンジンにおける低速プレイグニッションを防止または低減する方法であって、前記配合エンジン油が、70〜85重量%の少なくとも1種の潤滑油ベースストックと、前記配合エンジン油に300〜3200ppmのマグネシウム金属を提供する量の少なくとも1種の清浄剤とを含む組成を有し、前記少なくとも1種の清浄剤が、少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩を含み、前記少なくとも1種の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩が、少なくとも1種のマグネシウムスルホネートを含み、
前記エンジンは、前記少なくとも1種のマグネシウムスルホネートを含まず、かつ少なくとも1種の有機酸のカルシウム塩を含む潤滑油を使用してエンジンで達成される低速プレイグニッション性能と比較すると、25,000回のエンジンサイクル、2000回転毎分(RPM)におけるエンジン運転および18バールの正味平均有効圧(BMEP)について標準化された低速プレイグニッション(LSPI)数に基づいて、50%よりも大きい低速プレイグニッションの低減を示す、
方法。
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Also Published As
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JP6643321B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
SG11201608147VA (en) | 2016-10-28 |
US20150322367A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
SG10201808084XA (en) | 2018-10-30 |
EP3140378B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
EP3140378A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
WO2015171978A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
CN106232784A (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
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