WO2016086827A1 - 一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法及其装置 - Google Patents

一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法及其装置 Download PDF

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WO2016086827A1
WO2016086827A1 PCT/CN2015/096079 CN2015096079W WO2016086827A1 WO 2016086827 A1 WO2016086827 A1 WO 2016086827A1 CN 2015096079 W CN2015096079 W CN 2015096079W WO 2016086827 A1 WO2016086827 A1 WO 2016086827A1
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signal
frequency
scanning
physical quantity
measured
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王澎
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王澎
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction

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  • the invention relates to a detection method, in particular to a distributed physical quantity detection method based on spectrum scanning.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a distributed physical quantity detecting method based on spectrum scanning which can eliminate the error caused by DC drift.
  • the present invention provides a distributed physical quantity detecting method based on spectrum scanning, which includes the following steps:
  • the frequency interval ⁇ f satisfies the condition: ⁇ f ⁇ v / 4L, where v is the propagation speed of the signal, and L is the target scale to be measured;
  • step 2) Perform the time domain inversion translation calculation on the result obtained in step 2), including the following steps:
  • the sinusoidal modulated signal is transmitted to the object under measurement at equal frequency intervals.
  • the invention also provides a distributed physical quantity detecting device based on spectrum scanning, comprising:
  • the frequency interval ⁇ f satisfies the condition: ⁇ f ⁇ v / 4L, where v is the propagation speed of the signal, and L is the target scale to be measured;
  • a signal receiving unit comprising a signal storage and processing unit, the signal receiving unit receiving a frequency domain response signal X(f) of the signal transmitted by the signal transmitting unit: X(1 ⁇ f), X(2 ⁇ f), X(3 ⁇ f) , ..., X (n ⁇ f), the signal storage and processing unit performs time domain inversion translation calculation on the frequency domain response signal X(f), the steps are as follows:
  • the signal transmitting unit comprises a modulation signal generator, a driving circuit and a laser which are sequentially connected in series.
  • the signal receiving unit further includes a light receiving amplifier and a demodulating circuit, and the light receiving amplifier, the demodulating circuit, and the signal storing and processing unit are sequentially connected in series.
  • the signal transmitting unit transmits the sinusoidal modulated signal at equal frequency intervals.
  • the distributed physical quantity detecting method and device based on spectrum scanning of the invention do not need to transmit strong pulses, have low requirements on signal sources, and do not need to measure DC components in the spectrum, thereby eliminating the DC drift caused by the system. error.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a time domain inversion translation operation of a time domain signal x(t) in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a schematic diagram showing the linear coordinates of the spatial domain result obtained by direct direct Fourier transform of the measured spectral response.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the absolute value logarithmic coordinates of the spatial domain result obtained by direct direct Fourier transform of the measured spectral response.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing linear coordinates of a spatial domain result obtained by inverse Fourier transform of a spectral response after time domain inversion and translation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the absolute value logarithmic coordinates of the spatial domain result obtained by the inverse Fourier transform of the spectral response after time domain inversion translation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the result of the first half of the airspace obtained from the spatial domain result of FIG. 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention adopts a time domain inversion translation method.
  • the method is based on the assumption that the object to be tested has a limited time domain, that is, outside the limited time domain, the physical quantity to be measured is zero, which is in line with most practical applications.
  • the purpose of this method is to artificially construct an object to be tested with a total DC component of zero by the time domain inversion translation method, and the actual physical quantity to be measured remains unchanged in the time domain inversion translation.
  • the time domain function to be tested is inverted or multiplied by a factor of -1 to become x 1 (t):
  • x 1 (t) is translated on the time axis by D, and D is greater than the time domain scale of x(t), becoming x 2 (t):
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a time domain inversion translation operation of a time domain signal x(t) in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • x 3 (t) is obtained, and x 3 (t) is composed of two curve segments.
  • x 3 (t) is the function of the time domain inversion and translation, and the DC component of the spectrum is zero.
  • x 3 (t) completely contains the time domain object x(t) to be tested.
  • the detection method of the invention is completed based on the time domain inversion translation method, firstly measuring the spectral response, and then obtaining the Fourier of the object to be tested x 3 (t) whose total DC component constructed by the time domain inversion translation is zero Transforming X 3 (f) and then performing an inverse Fourier transform on X 3 (f) yields x 3 (t), thereby restoring the test result x(t).
  • a method for detecting distributed physical quantity based on spectrum scanning comprises the following steps:
  • the range of the method is v/(4 ⁇ f), and the frequency interval or minimum frequency ⁇ f must satisfy the condition: ⁇ f ⁇ v/4L, where v is the propagation speed of the signal and L is the target scale to be measured;
  • step 3 Perform the time domain inversion translation calculation on the result of step 2), in which only the frequency domain response signal data of the above steps is needed, without other additional data.
  • the signal transmitting unit 1 includes a modulation signal generator 3, a driving circuit 4, and a laser 5 which are sequentially connected in series
  • the signal receiving unit 2 includes a light receiving amplifier 8, a demodulating circuit 7, and a signal storage and processing unit which are sequentially connected in series. 6.
  • the drive circuit 4 receives the signal of the modulation signal generator 3, generates a drive current, drives the laser 5, and the laser 5 emits a sinusoidally modulated laser signal.
  • the laser signal passes through the optical coupler 9 into a length 10 of fiber optic roll 10.
  • the Rayleigh back reflection at each point in the fiber volume 10 enters the light receiving amplifier 8 via the optical coupler 9.
  • the optical receiving amplifier 8 receives and amplifies the photoelectric conversion signal, and the optical receiving amplifier 8 adopts AC coupling, and does not need to measure the DC component, completely eliminating the error caused by the DC drift of the system.
  • the demodulation circuit 7 demodulates the amplified signal to obtain a response signal X(f) of each frequency: X(1 ⁇ f), X(2 ⁇ f), X(3 ⁇ f), ..., X(n ⁇ f), which does not contain a DC component. X(0).
  • the signal storage and processing unit 6 operates on the frequency domain response signal X(f) to obtain a time domain measurement result x(t), that is, a fiber loss characteristic curve.
  • the signal storage and processing unit 6 calculates the frequency domain response signal X(f) as follows:
  • 3 to 7 are results obtained by different operations of the spectral response obtained by using the measuring apparatus of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the linear coordinates of the spatial domain result obtained by direct direct Fourier transform of the measured spectral response.
  • the curve shown in the figure is the spatial domain result obtained by directly inverse Fourier transform of the measured spectral response, that is, the loss characteristic curve of the optical fiber, and the spatial domain is obtained by multiplying the time domain by the velocity v of the optical wave in the optical fiber.
  • the ordinate is linear.
  • the spike in the figure is the end face reflection at the far end of the fiber, which is located at approximately 21 km. It can be seen that the result is negative outside the fiber of about 21km, and the correct result should be zero. The reason for this error is due to the lack of DC component in the spectral response.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the absolute value logarithmic coordinates of the spatial domain result obtained by direct direct Fourier transform of the measured spectral response.
  • the curve shown in the figure is the spatial domain result obtained by directly inverse Fourier transforming the measured spectral response.
  • the difference from Fig. 3 is that it takes the absolute logarithmic coordinates.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing linear coordinates of a spatial domain result obtained by inverse Fourier transform of a spectral response after time domain inversion and translation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the curve shown in the figure is the result of the time domain inversion translation, using linear coordinates. It can be seen that the result is zero outside about 21 km. It can be seen from the figure that the latter part is obtained by inverting and translating the previous part.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the absolute value logarithmic coordinates of the spatial domain result obtained by the inverse Fourier transform of the spectral response after time domain inversion translation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the curve shown in the figure is also the result of the time domain inversion translation.
  • it uses the absolute value logarithmic coordinates, which is the commonly used coordinate for measuring the fiber loss characteristics. It can be seen that the fiber loss characteristic after taking the logarithm is a straight line with a certain slope. The figure contains two identical copies of the required measurements.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the result of the first half of the airspace obtained from the spatial domain result of FIG. 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The figure only contains the previous copy in Figure 6, the required measurement x(t).
  • the main feature of the distributed physical quantity detection method based on spectrum scanning provided by the invention is that frequency sweep is used to measure the frequency domain response of the detected object, and then the time domain measurement result is obtained by inverse fast Fourier transform.
  • the invention does not need to emit a strong pulse, but emits a sinusoidally modulated continuous wave, which has low requirements on the signal source, and therefore has low cost; the integration effect of detecting continuous waves greatly improves the signal to noise ratio; and it is completely unnecessary to measure the direct current in the spectrum.
  • the component avoids the measurement error caused by the DC drift of the system to the DC component and improves the measurement accuracy.
  • a distributed physical quantity detection method based on spectrum scanning provided by the invention is applicable to an acoustic sensing system Systems, wireless / wired sensing systems, optical sensing systems, fiber sensing systems, distributed sensing systems and other fields.

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Abstract

一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法及其装置。该方法包括下述步骤：1)以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射信号：f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，f为扫描频率，Δf为频率间隔；2)信号接收电路接收被测量对象的频域响应X(f)：X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)；3)在频域进行反转平移步骤，获得X 3(f)；4)对X 3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x 3(t)；5)从x 3(t)获得测量结果即时域信号x(t)。该探测方法及其装置不需要发射强脉冲，对器件的要求低；不需要测量频谱中的直流分量，而且不需要进行直流校准或补偿，因此完全避免了测量频谱中直流分量所面临的困难，并且排除了系统直流漂移所造成的误差。

Description

一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种探测方法，特别涉及一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法。
背景技术
大多数远程分布式测量技术采用发射一个脉冲信号，然后接收反射回来的信号进行远程分布式测量，即时域测量法。由于信号在传播时的损耗，时域测量法需要发射大功率的脉冲信号以提高量程和精度。此外，由于存在电子元器件的直流漂移，要准确地测量频谱中的直流分量非常困难。现有的频谱扫描技术采用直流补偿或校准的方法实现测量，但其步骤繁琐，耗费大量计算资源和计算时间，且仍存在直流误差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种可消除直流漂移所造成误差的基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法，包括下述步骤：
1)以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射信号，f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，f为扫描频率，Δf为频率间隔，nΔf为扫描频谱的最大频率；
频率间隔Δf满足条件：Δf≤v/4L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度；
2)接收被测量对象的频域响应信号X(f)：X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)；
3)对步骤2)获得的结果进行时域反转平移计算，包括下述步骤：
1.将X(f)乘以因子-1得到X1(f)，
X1(f)＝-X(f)；
2.将X1(f)在时间轴上平移D，D满足条件：(v/(2Δf)-L)>D>L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度，
X2(f)＝X1(f)e-j4πfD
3.将X(f)和X2(f)相加得到X3(f)，
X3(f)＝X(f)+X2(f)＝X(f)+X1(f)e-j4πfD＝X(f)-X(f)e-j4πfD
4)对X3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x3(t)；
5)从x3(t)获得时域信号x(t)。
根据本发明的一个实施例，以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射正弦调制信号。
本发明还提供一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，包括：
一信号发射单元，所述信号发射单元以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射信号，f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，f为扫描频率，Δf为频率间隔，nΔf为扫描频谱的最大频率；
频率间隔Δf满足条件：Δf≤v/4L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度；
一信号接收单元，包括信号存储和处理单元，所述信号接收单元接收所述信号发射单元的发射信号的频域响应信号X(f)：X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)，所述信号存储和处理单元对所述频域响应信号X(f)进行时域反转平移计算，步骤如下：
1.将X(f)乘以因子-1得到X1(f)，
X1(f)＝-X(f)；
2.将X1(f)在时间轴上平移D，得到X2(f)，D满足条件：(v/(2Δf)-L)>D>L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度，
X2(f)＝X1(f)e-j4πfD
3.将X(f)和X2(f)相加得到X3(f)，
X3(f)＝X(f)+X2(f)＝X(f)+X1(f)e-j4πfD＝X(f)-X(f)e-j4πfD
4.对X3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x3(t)
5.从x3(t)获得时域信号x(t)。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述信号发射单元包括依次串联的调制信号发生器、驱动电路和激光器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述信号接收单元还包括光接收放大器和解调电路，所述光接收放大器、解调电路、以及信号存储和处理单元依次串联。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述信号发射单元以等频率间隔发射正弦调制信号。
本发明的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法及其装置，不需要发射强脉冲，对信号源的要求低，且不需要测量频谱中的直流分量，因此排除了系统直流漂移所造成的误差。
附图概述
本发明的特征、性能由以下的实施例及其附图进一步描述。
图1是本发明的一实施例中的对时域信号x(t)进行时域反转平移操作的示意图。
图2是本发明的一实施例的测量装置的结构示意图。
图3是对所测得的频谱响应直接傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的线性坐标示意图。
图4是对所测得的频谱响应直接傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的绝对值对数坐标示意图。
图5是本发明的一实施例的频谱响应经过时域反转平移后傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的线性坐标示意图。
图6是本发明的一实施例的频谱响应经过时域反转平移后傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的绝对值对数坐标示意图。
图7是本发明的一实施例的从图6的空域结果中得到的前半部分空域结果示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
本发明为实现在频谱的直流分量缺失的情况下经过傅立叶逆变换得到真实的时域结果，采用了时域反转平移方法。该方法基于一个假设，即待测对象为时域有限，亦即在有限的时域以外，待测物理量为零，这一假设符合绝大多数的实际应用。该方法的目的是通过时域反转平移方法人为构建一个总直流分量为零的待测对象，而真实的待测物理量在时域反转平移中保持不变。
本发明中采用的时域反转平移方法原理如下：
第一步，将待测的时域函数反转即乘以因子-1，成为x1(t)：
x1(t)＝-x(t)
第二步，将x1(t)在时间轴上平移D，D大于x(t)的时域尺度，成为x2(t):
x2(t)＝x1(t-D)
第三步，将待测时域对象x(t)和平移后的函数x2(t)相加，得到x3(t)：
x3(t)＝x(t)+x2(t)＝x(t)–x(t-D)
图1是本发明的一实施例中的对时域信号x(t)进行时域反转平移操作的示意图。如图所示，将时域函数x(t)经时域反转平移方法后，获得x3(t)，x3(t)由两个曲线段组成。x3(t)就是时域反转平移后的函数，其频谱的直流分量为零。而且x3(t)完整包含了待测时域对象x(t)。本发明的探测方法就是基于时域反转平移方法来完成的，先测得频谱响应，再求出时域反转平移所构建的总直流分量为零的待测对象x3(t)的傅立叶变换X3(f)，然后对X3(f)进行傅立叶逆变换就可以得到x3(t)，从而复原待测结果x(t)。
本发明的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法，包括下述步骤：
1)以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射正弦调制信号，f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，f为扫描频率，Δf为频率间隔，并且Δf为扫描频谱的最小频率，nΔf为扫描频谱的最大频率；
本方法的量程为v/(4Δf)，频率间隔或最小频率Δf必须满足条件：Δf≤v/4L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度；
2)接收被测量对象的频域响应信号X(f)：X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)，这些响应是含有实部和虚部的复数；
3)对步骤2)的结果进行时域反转平移计算，在该步骤中只需要上述步骤的频域响应信号数据，而不需要其他额外数据。
1.在时域进行反转即乘以因子-1，在频域等效于将X(f)反转得到X1(f)，
X1(f)＝-X(f)；
2.将上述时域反转后的结果在时域平移D，为避免平移前的信号和平移后的信号重叠，D必须满足：(v/(2Δf)-L)>D>L，在频域等效于将X1(f)乘以因子e-j4πfD得到X2(f)，
X2(f)＝X1(f)e-j4πfD
由于探测信号被发射出去，又反射回来，因此上述计算中将平移量D乘以2；
3.将X(f)和X2(f)相加得到X3(f)，这个X3(f)的直流分量为零，即在f＝0Hz时，X3(f)＝0，
X3(f)＝X(f)+X2(f)＝X(f)+X1(f)e-j4πfD＝X(f)-X(f)e-j4πfD
4)在X3(0)＝0的情况下对X3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x3(t)
5)从x3(t)获得测量结果即时域信号x(t)，x3(t)包含两个形状相同但符号相反的测量结果的拷贝，这两个拷贝中的后一个是前一个在时域反转后平移D得到的结果，前一个拷贝就是所需的测量结果x(t)。
图2是本发明的一实施例的测量装置的结构示意图。如图所示，信号发射单元1包括依次串联的调制信号发生器3、驱动电路4和激光器5，信号接收单元2包括依次串联的光接收放大器8、解调电路7、以及信号存储和处理单元6。
调制信号发生器3产生一定频率的正弦波，在设定频谱内等间隔进行频率扫描，f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，nΔf，其中不包含直流分量f＝0。驱动电路4接收到调制信号发生器3的信号，产生驱动电流，驱动激光器5，激光器5发射被正弦调制了的激光信号。激光信号经过光学耦合器9进入一段约20km的光纤卷10。光纤卷10中各点的瑞利背向反射经光学耦合器9进入光接收放大器8。光接收放大器8接收并放大光电转换信号，光接收放大器8采用交流耦合，不需要测量直流分量，完全排除了系统直流漂移产生的误差。解调电路7解调放大后的信号，得到每个频率的响应信号X(f):X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)，其中不包含直流分量X(0)。信号存储和处理单元6对频域响应信号X(f)进行运算得到时域测量结果x(t)，即光纤损耗特性曲线。
其中信号存储和处理单元6对频域响应信号X(f)做计算，步骤如下：
1)将X(f)乘以因子-1，得到X1(f)，
X1(f)＝-X(f)；
2)将X1(f)乘以因子e-j4πfD得到X2(f)，为避免平移前的信号和平移后的信号重叠，D必须满足：(v/(2Δf)-L)>D>L，
X2(f)＝X1(f)e-j4πfD
3)将X(f)和X2(f)相加得到X3(f)，
X3(f)＝X(f)+X2(f)＝X(f)+X1(f)e-j4πfD＝X(f)-X(f)e-j4πfD
4)在X3(0)＝0的情况下对X3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x3(t)
5)从x3(t)获得测量结果即时域信号x(t)
图3至图7是运用本实施例的测量装置所获得的频谱响应经不同运算所获得的结果。
图3是对所测得的频谱响应直接傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的线性坐标示意图。图中所示的曲线是直接对测得的频谱响应进行傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果，即光纤的损耗特性曲线，空域经过时域乘以光波在光纤中的速度v得到。纵坐标为线性。图中的尖峰是光纤远端的端面反射，其位置在约21km处。图中可以看出，在约21km光纤以外，结果为负值，而正确的结果应该为零，产生这一错误的原因是由于频谱响应中缺少直流分量而早造成的。
图4是对所测得的频谱响应直接傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的绝对值对数坐标示意图。图中所示的曲线是直接对测得的频谱响应进行傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果，和图3不同的是它采用取绝对值对数坐标。
图5是本发明的一实施例的频谱响应经过时域反转平移后傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的线性坐标示意图。图中所示的曲线是进行时域反转平移后的结果，采用线性坐标。图中可以看出在约21km之外，结果为零。从图中可以看出后一部分是由前一部分反转并平移后得到的。
图6是本发明的一实施例的频谱响应经过时域反转平移后傅立叶逆变换得到的空域结果的绝对值对数坐标示意图。图中所示的曲线也是进行时域反转平移后的结果，和图5不同的是它采用取绝对值对数坐标，这是测量光纤损耗特性时常用的坐标。图中可以看出取对数后光纤损耗特性为一条有一定斜率的直线。图中包含了所需测量结果的两个相同拷贝。
图7是本发明的一实施例的从图6的空域结果中得到的前半部分空域结果示意图。图中只包含了图6中的前一个拷贝，即所需的测量结果x(t)。
本发明提供的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法的主要特点是采用频率扫描，测量被探测对象的频域响应，然后通过快速傅立叶逆变换得到时域测量结果。本发明不需要发射强脉冲，而是发射正弦调制连续波，对信号源的要求低，因此成本较低；采用探测连续波的积分效应大大提高了信噪比；完全不需要测量频谱中的直流分量，避免了系统的直流漂移对直流分量造成的测量误差，提高了测量精度。本发明提供的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法适用于声学传感系 统、无线/有线传感系统、光学传感系统、光纤传感系统、分布式传感系统等各个领域。
本发明虽然以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明。任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以做出可能的变动和修改。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同变化及修饰，均落入本发明权利要求所界定的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法，包括下述步骤：
    1)以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射信号，f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，f为扫描频率，Δf为频率间隔，nΔf为扫描频谱的最大频率；
    频率间隔Δf满足条件：Δf≤v/4L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度；
    2)接收被测量对象的频域响应信号X(f)：X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)；
    3)对步骤2)获得的结果进行时域反转平移计算，包括下述步骤：
    1.将X(f)乘以因子-1得到X1(f)，
    X1(f)＝-X(f)；
    2.将X1(f)在时间轴上平移D，D满足条件：(v/(2Δf)-L)>D>L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度，
    X2(f)＝X1(f)e-j4πfD
    3.将X(f)和X2(f)相加得到X3(f)，
    X3(f)＝X(f)+X2(f)＝X(f)+X1(f)e-j4πfD＝X(f)-X(f)e-j4πfD
    4)对X3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x3(t)；
    5)从x3(t)获得时域信号x(t)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测方法，其特征在于，以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射的是正弦调制信号。
  3. 一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，包括：
    一信号发射单元，所述信号发射单元以等频率间隔向被测量对象发射信号，f＝1Δf，2Δf，3Δf，…，nΔf，f为扫描频率，Δf为频率间隔，nΔf为扫描频谱的最大频率；
    频率间隔Δf满足条件：Δf≤v/4L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度；
    一信号接收单元，包括信号存储和处理单元，所述信号接收单元接收所述被测量对象的频域响应信号X(f)：X(1Δf)，X(2Δf)，X(3Δf)，…，X(nΔf)， 所述信号存储和处理单元对所述频域响应信号X(f)进行时域反转平移计算，步骤如下：
    1)将X(f)乘以因子-1得到X1(f)，
    X1(f)＝-X(f)；
    2)将X1(f)在时间轴上平移D，得到X2(f)，D满足条件：(v/(2Δf)-L)>D>L，其中v为信号的传播速度，L为待测目标尺度，
    X2(f)＝X1(f)e-j4πfD
    3)将X(f)和X2(f)相加得到X3(f)，
    X3(f)＝X(f)+X2(f)＝X(f)+X1(f)e-j4πfD＝X(f)-X(f)e-j4πfD
    4)对X3(f)进行离散傅立叶逆变换，获得x3(t)
    5)从x3(t)获得时域信号x(t)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，其特征在于，所述信号发射单元包括依次串联的调制信号发生器、驱动电路和发射器。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，其特征在于，所述发射器为光发射器。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，其特征在于，所述信号接收单元还包括接收放大器和解调电路，所述接收放大器、解调电路、以及信号存储和处理单元依次串联。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，其特征在于，所述接收放大器为光接收放大器，且采用交流耦合。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于频谱扫描的分布式物理量探测设备，其特征在于，所述信号发射单元以等频率间隔发射正弦调制信号。
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