WO2016086514A1 - 一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器 - Google Patents

一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016086514A1
WO2016086514A1 PCT/CN2015/070737 CN2015070737W WO2016086514A1 WO 2016086514 A1 WO2016086514 A1 WO 2016086514A1 CN 2015070737 W CN2015070737 W CN 2015070737W WO 2016086514 A1 WO2016086514 A1 WO 2016086514A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnetic
pole
rotatable
magnetic gap
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PCT/CN2015/070737
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刁俊起
Original Assignee
刁俊起
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 刁俊起 filed Critical 刁俊起
Priority to US15/533,243 priority Critical patent/US10439543B2/en
Priority to EP15865471.5A priority patent/EP3229354A4/en
Publication of WO2016086514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016086514A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/0016—Control of angular speed of one shaft without controlling the prime mover
    • H02P29/0027—Controlling a clutch between the prime mover and the load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/102—Magnetic gearings, i.e. assembly of gears, linear or rotary, by which motion is magnetically transferred without physical contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P15/00—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric brakes or clutches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/09—Machines characterised by the presence of elements which are subject to variation, e.g. adjustable bearings, reconfigurable windings, variable pitch ventilators

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a permanent magnet governor, in particular to a permanent magnet governor with a fixed magnetic gap.
  • the permanent magnet governor adopts the magnetic coupling speed regulation of the permanent magnet to realize the soft (magnetic) connection between the motor and the load without any influence on the harmonic generation of the power grid.
  • High reliability and can work in various harsh environments such as high temperature, low temperature, humidity, dirty, flammable and explosive, voltage instability and lightning, greatly reducing mechanical vibration, widely used in electric power, steel, metallurgy, petrochemical, Paper, municipal, ship, irrigation and mining industries .
  • the commonly used permanent magnet governor realizes the speed adjustment by adjusting the air gap, the power consumption of the magnetic circuit regulator is large, and there are disadvantages such as poor torque transmission capability, high assembly difficulty, and waste of a large amount of rare earth resources.
  • the utility model provides a method for reducing power consumption of a magnetic circuit regulator, improving torque transmission capability, reducing assembly difficulty, and saving rare earth resources.
  • Permanent magnet governor with fixed magnetic gap is a method for reducing power consumption of a magnetic circuit regulator, improving torque transmission capability, reducing assembly difficulty, and saving rare earth resources.
  • the permanent magnet governor realizes the torque adjustment by changing the air gap between the conductor rotor and the permanent magnet rotor to control the number of magnetic lines of the conductor rotor cutting. Since there are many disadvantages in this way, the utility model is based on The principle of magnet reciprocal repulsion and heteropolar attraction attracts the design of a new permanent magnet governor by changing the force between the outer magnetic rotor and the inner magnetic rotor, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the torque. Referring to the characteristics of the magnetically permeable material and the non-magnetic permeable material, the two materials are used to control the magnetic properties of the permanent magnet, thereby changing the force between the inner and outer magnetic rotors to achieve the purpose of changing the torque.
  • a permanent magnetic governor for fixing a magnetic gap includes an outer magnetic rotor connected to a driving shaft and an inner magnetic rotor connected to the driven shaft, wherein the outer magnetic rotor is evenly distributed along the inner circumferential surface thereof with at least two An outer permanent magnet, the magnetic poles of the outer permanent magnet are arranged in the radial direction, and the magnetic properties of the outer magnetic poles of the adjacent two outer permanent magnets are different; the outer magnetic rotor is uniformly distributed with the outer permanent magnet along the inner circumferential surface thereof And the outer permanent magnet is an N-pole magnet or an S-pole magnet, and the two are spaced apart; the inner magnetic rotor is circumferentially distributed along the outer circumferential surface thereof with at least one rotatable permanent magnet, and the rotatable permanent magnet is Cylindrical and diametrically N-pole and S-pole, the rotatable permanent magnets are wrapped with magnetizers on both sides, and the two magnets are separated by non
  • the arrangement of the non-conductive magnets hinders the magnetic lines from forming a short circuit inside the magnetizer, resulting in no rotation of the rotatable permanent magnets anyway, and the magnetizer does not exhibit magnetic properties to the outside.
  • the change of the transmission force is realized by the change of the interaction force between the outer permanent magnet and the rotatable permanent magnet, thereby realizing the speed regulation function.
  • the external permanent magnet generates an attractive or repulsive force according to the principle of the same-pole repulsive and opposite-pole attraction, thereby driving the inner magnetic rotor and the outer magnetic rotor to rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction; on the contrary, when the N-pole of the rotatable permanent magnet S pole connection surface and When the contact surface between the magnetizer and the non-conductive magnet is parallel (at an angle of 0 degrees), the magnetic field lines smoothly pass through the magnet, and the magnetizer does not display magnetism to the outside, and the external permanent magnet does not exert a force on it; According to the different rotation angle of the rotatable permanent magnet, the magnetic properties of the external magnet display change from the weakest to the strongest (or from the strongest to the weakest) due to the change of the magnetic circuit.
  • the force exerted by the outer permanent magnet on the magnetizer changes from the weakest to the strongest (or from the strongest to the weakest).
  • the drive shaft is connected to the main motor, and the driven shaft is connected to the load, but the two can be interchanged, that is, the drive shaft is connected to the load, and the driven shaft is connected to the main motor.
  • the number of magnets of the outer permanent magnet may be the same as or different from the number of magnetic poles of the rotatable permanent magnet and the outer permanent magnet may be increased or decreased in pairs according to the magnet (exposed magnetic pole face N pole, S pole).
  • the speed control function of input and output speeds of 0 to 100% can be realized; when the number of magnets of the outer permanent magnet is not equal to the number of magnetic poles of the rotatable permanent magnet, It can realize the speed control function of input and output speed 0 ⁇ N% (torque changes with N inverse ratio, maximum power does not change).
  • this method reduces the power consumption of the magnetic circuit regulator, reduces heat generation, and improves the torque transmission capability.
  • the mounting direction of the rotatable permanent magnet can be various, as long as the external permanent magnet and the force between them are adjustable, and the rotatable permanent magnet is perpendicular to the driven shaft.
  • the rotatable permanent magnets are circumferentially distributed around the driven shaft.
  • each rotatable permanent magnet is arranged side by side with a fixed permanent magnet along the axial direction of the driven shaft, and the fixed permanent magnet is cylindrical and diametrically N Extreme and S pole,
  • the magnetizer and the non-conductive magnet around the rotatable permanent magnet extend around the fixed permanent magnet to fix the permanent magnet
  • the N pole and the S pole are respectively located in the two spaced apart magnetizers and the two pole connecting faces are perpendicular to the contact faces of the magnetizer and the non-conductive magnet.
  • Another preferred way of installing the rotatable permanent magnet is that the rotatable permanent magnet is parallel to the driven shaft. Rotatable is distributed circumferentially around the driven shaft.
  • each rotatable permanent magnet is arranged side by side with a fixed permanent magnet along the radial direction of the driven shaft, and the fixed permanent magnet is cylindrical and diametrical.
  • the magnetizer and the non-conductive magnet around the rotatable permanent magnet extend around the fixed permanent magnet to fix the permanent magnet
  • the N pole and the S pole are respectively located in the two spaced apart magnetizers and the two pole connecting faces are perpendicular to the contact faces of the magnetizer and the non-conductive magnet.
  • the specific adjustment process is the same as above.
  • the magnetic circuit regulator includes an adjustment actuator for receiving a control signal and a mechanical transmission mechanism for connecting the adjustment actuator to the rotatable permanent magnet.
  • the permanent magnet governor is installed in a control system, and pressure, flow, liquid level or other control signals are received and processed by the control system, and then supplied to the regulating actuator, which is operated by the mechanical actuator. Rotating the rotatable permanent magnet, changing the magnetic field strength to adjust the load speed to meet the control requirements.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism is used to transmit the control action from the regulating actuator to the rotatable permanent magnet to control the rotation of the permanent magnet.
  • the implementation manner can be various, and can be a servo motor, a lever transmission mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, a rack and pinion transmission. Mechanism, guide wire drive mechanism, etc., below select several of the most feasible transmission mechanisms for explanation.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism is a lever transmission mechanism, and includes a transmission sleeve that is coupled on the driven shaft and is coupled with the driven shaft, and a rotating rod corresponding to each rotatable permanent magnet.
  • the transmission sleeve is provided with a limiting slot at one end, and rotates One end of the rod is fixed to the end of the rotatable permanent magnet, and the other end is connected to the driving sleeve through the limiting shaft in the limiting slot, and the other end of the driving sleeve is connected to the adjusting actuator through a bearing sleeved on the driven shaft.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism is a gear transmission mechanism, and includes a gear barrel sleeved outside the driven shaft and a rotating gear meshingly coupled with the outer circumference of the gear barrel.
  • the rotating gear is in one-to-one correspondence with the rotatable permanent magnet, and the shaft of the rotating gear is rotatable
  • the permanent magnet ends are connected, and the gear barrel is connected to the adjustment actuator.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism is a rack and pinion transmission mechanism, comprising a rack barrel connected to the adjustment actuator, a rack in the rack barrel and a rotating gear meshing with the rack, the shaft of the rotating gear and the rotatable permanent magnet end Department connection.
  • the utility model adopts a fixed magnetic gap structure, which greatly improves the meshing area of the governor and reduces the assembly difficulty. Reduce heat generation, increase the speed range, save rare earth materials, and greatly improve the torque transmission capability. Thanks to the principle of magnetic transfer, The speed control function of input and output speed 0 ⁇ N% greatly expands the scope and field of use of the utility model; Due to the magnetic circuit adjustment structure, the power consumption of the adjustment mechanism is greatly reduced and the volume of the adjustment actuator is minimized, which not only reduces material consumption and saves installation space, but also brings on-site installation and construction. Convenience.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the outer magnetic rotor of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the magnetic pole face of the embodiment 1;
  • Figure 4 is a front cross-sectional view of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the magnetic pole face of the embodiment 2;
  • Figure 6 is a front cross-sectional view of Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the magnetic pole face of the third embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a front cross-sectional view of Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the magnetic pole face of the fourth embodiment.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a gear rack transmission structure
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of a gear transmission structure
  • Figure 12 is a front sectional view showing the seventh embodiment
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Example 7;
  • a permanent magnetic governor with a fixed magnetic gap as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, comprising an outer magnetic rotor 1 connected to the drive shaft 18 and an inner magnetic rotor connected to the driven shaft 7, said external magnetic
  • the rotor 1 is uniformly distributed along the inner circumferential surface thereof with at least two outer permanent magnets 17, the magnetic poles of the outer permanent magnets 17 are radially disposed, and the magnetic properties of the exposed magnetic pole faces of the adjacent two outer permanent magnets 17 are different;
  • the inner magnetic rotor is circumferentially distributed with at least one rotatable permanent magnet 4 along its outer circumferential surface, said rotatable permanent magnet 4 being perpendicular to the driven shaft 7.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is cylindrical and diametrically N-pole and S-pole, and the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is wrapped with a magnetizer 2 on both sides, and the two magnets 2 are separated by a non-conductive magnet 10;
  • the number of magnets of the outer permanent magnet 17 is equal to the number of magnetic poles of the rotatable permanent magnet 4.
  • One end of the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is provided with a magnetic circuit regulator for rotating the rotatable permanent magnet 4, adjusting the magnetic pole direction thereof to thereby change the magnetic strength of the two side magnets 2, and changing the magnetizer 2 and the outer The force between the permanent magnets 17.
  • the magnetic circuit regulator includes an adjustment actuator 8 for receiving a control signal and a mechanical transmission mechanism for connecting the adjustment actuator 8 and the rotatable permanent magnet 5.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism is a lever transmission mechanism, and includes a transmission sleeve 6 that is sleeved on the driven shaft 7 and is coupled with the driven shaft 7 and a rotating rod 5 corresponding to each rotatable permanent magnet 4.
  • One end of the transmission sleeve 6 A limiting slot 11 is provided, one end of the rotating rod 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotatable permanent magnet 4, and the other end is locked in the limiting slot 11 through the limiting shaft 12 to connect the driving sleeve 6.
  • the other end of the driving sleeve 6 is sleeved in the driven
  • the bearing 9 on the shaft 7 is connected to the adjustment actuator 8.
  • a permanent magnetic governor with a fixed magnetic gap as shown in Figures 1, 4 and 5, wherein the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is parallel to the driven shaft 7
  • the other structure is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • a permanent magnetic governor with a fixed magnetic gap includes an outer magnetic rotor 1 connected to the drive shaft 18 and an inner magnetic rotor connected to the driven shaft 7, said external magnetic
  • the rotor 1 is uniformly distributed along the inner circumferential surface thereof with at least two outer permanent magnets 17, the magnetic poles of the outer permanent magnets 17 are radially disposed, and the magnetic properties of the exposed magnetic pole faces of the adjacent two outer permanent magnets 17 are different;
  • the inner magnetic rotor is circumferentially distributed with at least one rotatable permanent magnet 4 along its outer circumferential surface, said rotatable permanent magnet 4 being perpendicular to the driven shaft 7.
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is cylindrical and diametrically N-pole and S-pole, and the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is wrapped with a magnetizer 2 on both sides, and the two magnets 2 are separated by a non-conductive magnet 10;
  • Each of the rotatable permanent magnets 4 is provided with a fixed permanent magnet 3 in the axial direction along the driven shaft 7, and the fixed permanent magnet 3 is cylindrical and diametrically N-pole and S-pole.
  • the magnetizer 2 and the non-conductive magnet 10 around the rotatable permanent magnet 4 extend around the fixed permanent magnet 4 to fix the permanent magnet 4
  • the N pole and the S pole are respectively located in the two spaced apart magnetizers 2 and the two pole connecting faces are perpendicular to the contact faces of the magnetizer 2 and the non-conductive magnet 10.
  • the number of magnets of the outer permanent magnet 17 is equal to the number of magnetic poles of the rotatable permanent magnet 4 and the fixed permanent magnet 3.
  • One end of the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is provided with a magnetic circuit regulator for rotating the rotatable permanent magnet 4, adjusting the magnetic pole direction thereof to thereby change the magnetic strength of the two side magnets 2, and changing the magnetizer 2 and the outer The force between the permanent magnets 1.
  • the magnetic circuit regulator includes an adjustment actuator 8 for receiving a control signal and a mechanical transmission mechanism for connecting the adjustment actuator 8 and the rotatable permanent magnet 4.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism is a lever transmission mechanism, and includes a transmission sleeve 6 that is sleeved on the driven shaft 7 and is coupled with the driven shaft 7 and a rotating rod 5 corresponding to each rotatable permanent magnet 4.
  • One end of the transmission sleeve 6 A limiting slot 11 is provided, one end of the rotating rod 5 is fixedly connected to the end of the rotatable permanent magnet 4, and the other end is locked in the limiting slot 11 through the limiting shaft 12 to connect the driving sleeve 6.
  • the other end of the driving sleeve 6 is sleeved in the driven
  • the bearing 9 on the shaft 7 is connected to the adjustment actuator 8.
  • a permanent magnetic governor with a fixed magnetic gap as shown in Figures 1, 8, and 9,
  • the rotatable permanent magnet 4 is parallel to the driven shaft 7, and each of the rotatable permanent magnets 4 is arranged side by side along the radial direction of the driven shaft 7 with a fixed permanent magnet 3.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the third embodiment.
  • a permanent magnetic speed governor with a fixed magnetic gap as shown in FIG. 10, the mechanical transmission mechanism is a rack and pinion transmission mechanism, including a rack barrel 13 connected to the adjustment actuator 8, and a rack barrel 13
  • the rack 15 and the rotating gear 14 meshing with the rack 15 are connected to the end of the rotatable permanent magnet 4.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the third embodiment.
  • a permanent magnetic speed governor with a fixed magnetic gap as shown in FIG. 11, the mechanical transmission mechanism is a gear transmission mechanism, including a gear barrel 16 sleeved outside the driven shaft 7 and meshing with the outer circumference of the gear barrel 16
  • the gear 14 is rotated, and the rotating gear 14 is in one-to-one correspondence with the rotatable permanent magnet 4.
  • the shaft of the rotating gear 14 is connected to the end of the rotatable permanent magnet 4, and the gear barrel 16 is connected to the adjusting actuator.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
  • a permanent magnet governor with a fixed magnetic gap as shown in Figures 1, 12 and 13, in the present embodiment, the number of magnets of the outer permanent magnet is not equal to the number of magnetic poles of the rotatable permanent magnet and the fixed permanent magnet.
  • the other structure is the same as that of the third embodiment.
  • the utility model can adopt the structure of the pair of fixed permanent magnets and the rotatable permanent magnets, and can also adopt the structure of only the rotatable permanent magnets, and is not limited to the above examples. All inventions adopting the same idea are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，包括外磁转子（1）以及內磁转子，外磁转子（1）沿其内圆周面周向均匀分布有至少两个外永磁体（17），外永磁体（17）的磁极沿径向设置，相邻两外永磁体（17）外露磁极面的磁性相异；内磁转子沿其外圆周面周向分布有至少一个可转动永磁体（4），可转动永磁体（4）为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体（4）一端设有磁路调节器。该固定磁隙的永磁调速器提高了调速器的啮合面积并降低了装配难度，提高了扭矩传递能力。

Description

一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器 一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种永磁调速器，具体涉及一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器。
背景技术
永磁调速器是通过永磁 体 的磁力耦合调速， 实现电动机和负载的软（磁）连接， 无任何影响电网的谐波产生 ， 可靠性高，并可在高温、低温、潮湿、肮脏、易燃易爆、电压不稳及雷电等各种恶劣环境下工作，大幅减轻机械振动，广泛应用于电力、钢铁、冶金、石化，造纸、市政、舰船、灌溉及采矿等行业 。而目前常用的永磁调速器均是通过调整气隙来实现转速调整的，磁路调节器的功率消耗大，且存在扭矩传递能力差、装配难度高、浪费大量稀土资源等缺点。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本实用新型提供一种可降低磁路调节器功率消耗、提高扭矩传递能力、降低装配难度、节约稀土资源的 固定磁隙的永磁调速器 。
目前的永磁调速器都是通过改变导体转子与永磁转子之间的气隙从而控制导体转子切割磁力线的多少，来实现转矩调整的，由于这种方式存在很多弊端，本实用新型基于磁体同极相斥、异极相吸的原理，从改变外磁转子与内磁转子之间的作用力入手去设计新的永磁调速器，从而达到改变转矩的目的。参考导磁材料和非导磁材料的特性，利用两种材料控制永磁体对外展现的磁性大小，从而改变内、外磁转子之间的作用力，达到改变转矩的目的。
为解决上述问题，本实用新型采取的技术方案为： 一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，包括与主动轴连接的外磁转子以及与从动轴连接的内磁转子，所述的外磁转子沿其内圆周面周向均匀分布有至少两个外永磁体，所述外永磁体的磁极沿径向设置，相邻两外永磁体外露磁极面的磁性相异；所述的外磁转子沿其内圆周面周向均匀分布有外永磁体且所述外永磁体为N极磁体或S极磁体，两者间隔设置；所述的内磁转子沿其外圆周面周向分布有至少一个可转动永磁体，所述的可转动永磁体为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体两侧包裹有导磁体，两导磁体之间由非导磁体隔开；可转动永磁体一端设有磁路调节器，所述的磁路调节器用于旋转可转动永磁体，调节其磁极方向进而进而改变两侧导磁体的磁性强度，改变导磁体与外永磁体之间的作用力。其中非导磁体的设置阻碍磁力线在导磁体内部形成短路而导致无论如何旋转可转动永磁体，导磁体对外都不显示磁性。由外永磁体与可转动永磁体之间相互作用力的大小变化来而实现传递力量的改变，由此实现调速功能。 具体调节过程： 通过磁路调节器 旋转可转动永磁体，当可转动永磁体的 N极和S极连接面 与 导磁体和非导磁体接触面 垂直时（ 90 度夹角）， 磁力线被非导磁体隔断，穿越到空气中，导磁体 被磁化成相对应极性的强磁体 ，与外永磁体根据同极相斥异极相吸的原理产生吸引力或排斥力，进而带动内磁转子与外磁转子同向或反向转动； 相反，当可转动永磁体的 N极和S极连接面 与 导磁体和非导磁体接触面 平行（ 0 度夹角）时，磁力线经 导磁体 顺利穿越， 导磁体 对外不显示磁性 ，外永磁体对其不产生作用力； 根据可转动永磁体的旋转角度不同 ， 受磁路改变的影响， 导磁体 对外显示 的磁性从 最 弱变化 到最 强 （或 从 最 强变化 到最 弱 ） ，即外永磁体对导磁体产生的作用力从最弱变化到最强（ 或 从 最 强变化 到最 弱） 。 一般情况下主动轴连接主电机，从动轴连接负载，但两者可以互换，即主动轴连接负载，从动轴连接主电机。
外永磁体的磁体数量可以与可转动永磁体的磁极数量相同或不同且外永磁体按照磁体（外露磁极面N极、S极）成对增减。
当外永磁体的磁体数量与可转动永磁体磁极数量相等时，可以实现输入、输出转速0~100%的调速功能；当外永磁体的磁体数量与可转动永磁体磁极数量不相等时，可以实现输入、输出转速0~N%的调速功能（扭矩随N反比例改变、最大功率不变）。
此种方式相对于改变导体转子与永磁转子的轴向距离来说，降低了磁路调节器的功率消耗，降低了热量产生，提高了扭矩的传递能力。
可转动永磁体的安装方向可以有多种，只要保证外永磁体与其之间的作用力可调即可，所述的可转动永磁体与从动轴垂直。可转动永磁体围绕从动轴呈圆周分布。
为提高内磁转子对外展示的磁性以及增大磁性调节范围，每个可转动永磁体在沿从动轴轴向均并排设有一个固定永磁体，固定永磁体 为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极， 可转动永磁体周围的导磁体和非导磁体延伸至固定永磁体周围， 固定永磁体的 N极和S极分别位于两分隔开的导磁体中并且两磁极连接面垂直于导磁体和非导磁体的接触面。具体调节过程： 通过磁路调节器 旋转可转动永磁体，当固定永磁体和可转动永磁体的 同名磁极相对应时 ， 两端导磁体 被磁化成相对应极性的强磁体 ，而且磁性最强，为两个磁体全部磁性的和，导磁体与外永磁体根据同极相斥异极相吸的原理产生吸引力或排斥力，进而带动内磁转子与外磁转子同向或反向转动； 当固定永磁体和可转动永磁体的 同 磁极 反向 时，磁力线经相对应的 导磁体 顺利穿越， 导磁体 对外不显示磁性 ，外永磁体对导磁体不产生作用力 ； 当可转动永磁体的磁极旋转至与导磁体和非导磁体接触面平行时，可转动永磁体的磁力线经导磁体穿越，对外不显示磁性，只有固定永磁体的磁性； 根据可转动永磁体的旋转角度不同 ，导磁体 对外显示 的磁性从 最强 变化 到最弱（或 从 最弱 变化 到最强） ，即外永磁体对导磁体产生的作用力从最弱变化到最强（ 或 从 最 强变化 到最 弱） 。
可转动永磁体另一种优选安装方式是：所述的可转动永磁体与从动轴平行。可转动 均围绕从动轴呈圆周分布。
同样，为提高内磁转子对外展示的磁性以及增大磁性调节范围，每个可转动永磁体在沿从动轴径向均并排设有一个固定永磁体，固定永磁体 为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极， 可转动永磁体周围的导磁体和非导磁体延伸至固定永磁体周围， 固定永磁体的 N极和S极分别位于两分隔开的导磁体中并且两磁极连接面垂直于导磁体和非导磁体的接触面。具体调节过程同上。
所述的磁路调节器包括用于接收控制信号的调节执行器和连接调节执行器与可转动永磁体的机械传动机构。使用过程中，将永磁调速器安装于某控制系统中，压力、流量、液位或其他控制信号被控制系统接收和处理，然后提供到调节执行器，由调节执行器通过机械传动机构来旋转可转动永磁体，改变磁场强度调节负载转速，满足控制要求。机械传动机构用来将调节执行器发出的控制动作传递给可转动永磁体，控制永磁体转动，其实现方式可以有多种，可以是伺服电机、杠杆传动机构、齿轮传动机构、齿轮齿条传动机构、导丝传动机构等，下面选取几种最可行的传动机构进行说明。
所述的机械传动机构为杠杆传动机构，包括套装在从动轴上并与从动轴键联接的传动套以及对应每个可转动永磁体设置的转动杆，传动套一端设有限位槽，转动杆一端与可转动永磁体端部固接，另一端通过限位轴卡在限位槽内连接传动套，传动套另一端通过套在从动轴上的轴承连接调节执行器。
所述的机械传动机构为齿轮传动机构，包括套在从动轴外的齿轮桶及与齿轮桶外周啮合连接的转动齿轮，转动齿轮与可转动永磁体一一对应，转动齿轮的轴与可转动永磁体端部连接，齿轮桶连接调节执行器。
所述的机械传动机构为齿轮齿条传动机构，包括与调节执行器连接的齿条桶、齿条桶内的齿条及与齿条啮合的转动齿轮，转动齿轮的轴与可转动永磁体端部连接。
本实用新型 由于采用了固定磁隙结构，大大提高了调速器的啮合面积并降低了装配难度， 降低热量产生，增大调速范围， 节约了稀土材料 ， 大大提高了扭矩传递能力 。由于采用了磁力传递原理，所以实现了 输入、输出转速0~N%的调速功能，大大扩展了本实用新型的使用范围和领域； 由于采用了磁路调节结构，大大减小了执行调节机构的功率消耗并最大限度的缩小了调节执行机构的体积，不但降低了材料消耗和节省了安装空间，更是给现场安装施工带来了方便。
附图说明
图1为本实用新型外磁转子剖视图
图 2为实施例1的主视剖视图；
图3为实施例1磁极面示意图；
图 4为实施例2的主视剖视图；
图5为实施例2磁极面示意图；
图 6为实施例3的主视剖视图；
图7为实施例3磁极面示意图；
图 8为实施例4的主视剖视图；
图9为实施例4磁极面示意图；
图10为齿轮齿条传动结构示意图；
图11为齿轮传动结构示意图；
图12为实施例7主剖视图；
图13为实施例7的A-A剖视图 ；
其中，1、 外磁 转子 ， 2、导磁体，3、 固定永磁体 ， 4、 可转动永磁体 ， 5 、转动杆 ， 6 、 传动套 ， 7 、从动轴 ， 8 、调节执行器 ， 9 、轴承 ， 1 0 、非导磁 体， 1 1 、限位槽 ， 1 2 、限位轴 ， 13、齿条桶，14、转动齿轮，15、齿条，16、齿轮桶，17、外永磁体，18、主动轴。
具体实施方式
实施例一
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图1、2、3所示，包括与主动轴18连接的外磁转子1以及与从动轴7连接的内磁转子，所述的外磁转子1沿其内圆周面周向均匀分布有至少两个外永磁体17，所述外永磁体17的磁极沿径向设置，相邻两外永磁体17外露磁极面的磁性相异；所述的内磁转子沿其外圆周面周向分布有至少一个可转动永磁体4，所述的可转动永磁体4与从动轴7垂直。所述的可转动永磁体4为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体4两侧包裹有导磁体2，两导磁体2之间由非导磁体10隔开；在本实施例中，外永磁体17的磁体数量与可转动永磁体4磁极数量相等。可转动永磁体4一端设有磁路调节器，所述的磁路调节器用于旋转可转动永磁体4，调节其磁极方向进而进而改变两侧导磁体2的磁性强度，改变导磁体2与外永磁体17之间的作用力。所述的磁路调节器包括用于接收控制信号的调节执行器8和连接调节执行器8与可转动永磁体5的机械传动机构。所述的机械传动机构为杠杆传动机构，包括套装在从动轴7上并与从动轴7键联接的传动套6以及对应每个可转动永磁体4设置的转动杆5，传动套6一端设有限位槽11，转动杆5一端与可转动永磁体4端部固接，另一端通过限位轴12卡在限位槽11内连接传动套6，传动套6另一端通过套在从动轴7上的轴承9连接调节执行器8。
实施例二
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图1、4、5所示， 所述的可转动永磁体4与从动轴7平行， 其他结构同实施例一。
实施例三
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图1、6、7所示，包括与主动轴18连接的外磁转子1以及与从动轴7连接的内磁转子，所述的外磁转子1沿其内圆周面周向均匀分布有至少两个外永磁体17，所述外永磁体17的磁极沿径向设置，相邻两外永磁体17外露磁极面的磁性相异；所述的内磁转子沿其外圆周面周向分布有至少一个可转动永磁体4，所述的可转动永磁体4与从动轴7垂直。所述的可转动永磁体4为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体4两侧包裹有导磁体2，两导磁体2之间由非导磁体10隔开； 每个可转动永磁体4在沿从动轴7轴向均并排设有一个固定永磁体3，固定永磁体3 为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极， 可转动永磁体4周围的导磁体2和非导磁体10延伸至固定永磁体4周围， 固定永磁体4的 N极和S极分别位于两分隔开的导磁体2中并且两磁极连接面垂直于导磁体2和非导磁体10的接触面。 在本实施例中，外永磁体17的磁体数量与可转动永磁体4、固定永磁体3磁极数量均相等。可转动永磁体4一端设有磁路调节器，所述的磁路调节器用于旋转可转动永磁体4，调节其磁极方向进而进而改变两侧导磁体2的磁性强度，改变导磁体2与外永磁体1之间的作用力。所述的磁路调节器包括用于接收控制信号的调节执行器8和连接调节执行器8与可转动永磁体4的机械传动机构。所述的机械传动机构为杠杆传动机构，包括套装在从动轴7上并与从动轴7键联接的传动套6以及对应每个可转动永磁体4设置的转动杆5，传动套6一端设有限位槽11，转动杆5一端与可转动永磁体4端部固接，另一端通过限位轴12卡在限位槽11内连接传动套6，传动套6另一端通过套在从动轴7上的轴承9连接调节执行器8。
实施例四
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图1、8、9所示， 所述的可转动永磁体4与从动轴7平行，每个可转动永磁体4在沿从动轴7径向均并排设有一个固定永磁体3， 其他结构同实施例三。
实施例五
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图10所示，所述的机械传动机构为齿轮齿条传动机构，包括与调节执行器8连接的齿条桶13、齿条桶13内的齿条15及与齿条15啮合的转动齿轮14，转动齿轮14的轴与可转动永磁体4端部连接。其他结构同实施例三。
实施例六
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图11所示，所述的机械传动机构为齿轮传动机构，包括套在从动轴7外的齿轮桶16及与齿轮桶16外周啮合连接的转动齿轮14，转动齿轮14与可转动永磁体4一一对应，转动齿轮14的轴与可转动永磁体4端部连接，齿轮桶16连接调节执行器。其他结构同实施例四。
实施例七
一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，如图1、12、13所示，在本实施例中，外永磁体的磁体数量与可转动永磁体、固定永磁体磁极数量不相等。 其他结构同实施例三。
本实用新型既可以采用成对的固定永磁体和可转动永磁体的结构，也可以采用仅有可转动永磁体的结构，不限于以上举例。凡是采用相同思路的发明均在本实用新型的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1、一种固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：包括与主动轴（18）连接的外磁转子（1）以及与从动轴（7）连接的内磁转子，所述的外磁转子（1）沿其内圆周面周向均匀分布有至少两个外永磁体（17），所述外永磁体（17）的磁极沿径向设置，相邻两外永磁体（17）外露磁极面的磁性相异；所述的内磁转子沿其外圆周面周向分布有至少一个可转动永磁体（4），所述的可转动永磁体（4）为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体（4）两侧包裹有导磁体（2），两导磁体（2）之间由非导磁体（10）隔开；可转动永磁体（4）一端设有磁路调节器，所述的磁路调节器用于旋转可转动永磁体（4），调节其磁极方向进而进而改变两侧导磁体（2）的磁性强度，改变导磁体（2）与外永磁体（17）之间的作用力。
2、根据权利要求1所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：所述的可转动永磁体（4）与从动轴（7）垂直。
3、根据权利要求2所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：每个可转动永磁体（4）在沿从动轴（7）轴向均并排设有一个固定永磁体（3），固定永磁体（3）为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体（4）周围的导磁体（2）和非导磁体（10）延伸至固定永磁体（3）周围，固定永磁体（3）的N极和S极分别位于两分隔开的导磁体（2）中并且两磁极连接面垂直于导磁体（2）和非导磁体（10）的接触面。
4、根据权利要求1所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：所述的可转动永磁体（4）与从动轴（7）平行。
5、根据权利要求4所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：每个可转动永磁体（4）在沿从动轴（7）径向均并排设有一个固定永磁体（3），固定永磁体（3）为圆柱形且沿直径方向为N极和S极，可转动永磁体（4）周围的导磁体（2）和非导磁体（10）延伸至固定永磁体（3）周围，固定永磁体（3）的N极和S极分别位于两分隔开的导磁体（2）中并且两磁极连接面垂直于导磁体（2）和非导磁体（10）的接触面。
6、根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：所述的磁路调节器包括用于接收控制信号的调节执行器（8）和连接调节执行器（8）与可转动永磁体（4）的机械传动机构。
7、根据权利要求6所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：所述的机械传动机构为杠杆传动机构，包括套装在从动轴（7）上并与从动轴（7）键联接的传动套（6）以及对应每个可转动永磁体（4）设置的转动杆（5），传动套（6）一端设有限位槽（11），转动杆（5）一端与可转动永磁体（4）端部固接，另一端通过限位轴（12）卡在限位槽（11）内连接传动套（6），传动套（6）另一端通过套在从动轴（7）上的轴承（9）连接调节执行器。
8、根据权利要求6所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：所述的机械传动机构为齿轮传动机构，包括套在从动轴（7）外的齿轮桶（16）及与齿轮桶（16）外周啮合连接的转动齿轮（14），转动齿轮（14）与可转动永磁体（4）一一对应，转动齿轮（14）的轴与可转动永磁体（4）端部连接，齿轮桶（16）连接调节执行器（8）。
9、根据权利要求6所述的固定磁隙的永磁调速器，其特征在于：所述的机械传动机构为齿轮齿条传动机构，包括与调节执行器（8）连接的齿条桶（13）、齿条桶（13）内的齿条（15）及与齿条（15）啮合的转动齿轮（14），转动齿轮（14）的轴与可转动永磁体（4）端部连接。
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