WO2016084372A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016084372A1 WO2016084372A1 PCT/JP2015/005858 JP2015005858W WO2016084372A1 WO 2016084372 A1 WO2016084372 A1 WO 2016084372A1 JP 2015005858 W JP2015005858 W JP 2015005858W WO 2016084372 A1 WO2016084372 A1 WO 2016084372A1
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- fuel cell
- temperature
- reformer
- power generation
- cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an operation stop process of a fuel cell system.
- a solid oxide fuel cell system supplies a hydrogen-containing gas and air to a fuel cell, which is a main body of a power generation unit, and generates chemical energy generated by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air.
- a fuel cell which is a main body of a power generation unit, and generates chemical energy generated by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air.
- the solid oxide fuel cell operates at a high temperature of 500 ° C to 900 ° C.
- the solid oxide fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generator to generate a hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas).
- the hydrogen generation apparatus uses a fossil raw material such as city gas mainly composed of natural gas or LPG as a raw material (power generation raw material) for generating a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the hydrogen generator is provided with a reformer, and this reformer reacts the power generation raw material with water vapor (reforming reaction) at a high temperature of about 600 ° C. using, for example, a Ru catalyst or a Ni catalyst, A contained gas is generated.
- the reformer is maintained at a high temperature of 400 ° C to 700 ° C during steady operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system, and is continuously supplied with power generation raw materials and water, and contains hydrogen by a reforming reaction by a catalyst. Generate gas.
- the solid oxide fuel cell system also includes an evaporator that generates water vapor necessary for the reforming reaction in the reformer from water supplied from the outside.
- the evaporator is maintained at a high temperature of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C. during steady state operation of the solid oxide fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell, the reformer, the evaporator, etc. operating at a high temperature are cooled to a predetermined temperature, and the reformer It is necessary to purge the hydrogen-containing gas remaining inside, the fuel cell, and the flow path through which the hydrogen-containing gas flows. This is for the following reason. Since the remaining hydrogen-containing gas contains water vapor, water condenses when the temperature falls below the dew point during the cooling process. At that time, air enters from the outside due to a pressure drop. Therefore, the anode material is oxidized by the invading air.
- an operation stop process is a process from the reception of the power generation stop instruction until the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxidant gas is stopped.
- the supply stop of the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxidant gas is, for example, a solid oxide fuel
- the configuration may be performed when the battery stack temperature or the reformer temperature reaches a predetermined temperature (for example, 100 degrees).
- the present invention provides a fuel cell system that can safely stop operation while preventing a decrease in durability.
- a fuel cell system supplies a solid oxide fuel cell and a hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming a power generation raw material to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- a reformer, a power generation raw material supply device that supplies the power generation raw material to the reformer, and at least one of reforming water and air used in a reforming reaction with respect to the reformer A reforming material supplier to be supplied, an oxidant gas supplier for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell, and an igniter for igniting exhaust gas discharged from the solid oxide fuel cell
- a fuel cell system comprising: a combustion section having a controller; and a controller, wherein in the operation stop process of the fuel cell system, the controller controls the oxidant gas supply device to supply the oxidant gas.
- Solid oxide fuel Supply to the cathode of the battery control the power generation raw material supplier and the reforming material supply device, and intermittently supply the power generation raw material and at least one of the water and air to the reformer
- the ignition unit included in the combustion unit is controlled to perform an ignition operation.
- the fuel cell system supplies a solid oxide fuel cell and a hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming a power generation raw material to the solid oxide fuel cell.
- a combustible gas flow path that is a flow path from the power generation raw material supply device to the solid oxide fuel cell, through which the power generation raw material or the hydrogen-containing gas that is a combustible gas flows, and the oxidant The gas flows from the oxidant gas supply device to the solid.
- a controller for controlling the operation of the solid oxide fuel cell wherein the controller controls the power generation material supply device and the reforming water supply device to generate the power generation material.
- water are circulated through the combustible gas flow path, and the oxidant gas is circulated through the oxidant gas flow path by controlling the oxidant gas supply unit.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is configured as described above, and has an effect that the operation can be safely stopped while preventing a decrease in durability. Furthermore, the configuration in which the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air are intermittently supplied to the reformer is faster than the configuration in which the power generation raw material is continuously supplied to the reformer. There is also an effect that the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell and the reformer can be lowered.
- FIG. 1 It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system which concerns on the modification 2 of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time-sequential change of each part when a fuel cell system operate
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of schematic structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on the modification 3 of Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the time-sequential change of each part when a fuel cell system operate
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of schematic structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on the modification 5 of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system which concerns on the modification 5 of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time-sequential change of each part when a fuel cell system operate
- FIG. 1 It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system which concerns on the modification 6 of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the time-sequential change of each part when a fuel cell system operate
- FIG. 2 It is a block diagram which shows an example of schematic structure of the fuel cell system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- Embodiment 2 of this invention It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- the present inventors have found that the combustible power generation material used for the purge can be burned before being discharged out of the system, so that the operation can be safely stopped. It has also been found that carbon deposition at the reformer or anode of a solid oxide fuel cell can be prevented by purging with a hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) obtained by reforming the power generation material instead of the power generation material.
- the present invention has been reached.
- the present invention specifically provides the following modes.
- Patent Document 1 it is necessary to supply a purge gas (for example, a power generation raw material) to the anode even when the stack temperature of the fuel cell is a low temperature of about 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. in the operation stop process. I found out. This is because when the purge gas is not supplied to the anode, air flows from the outside to the downstream side of the anode, a local battery is formed between the upstream portion of the anode and the downstream portion of the anode, and the anode material is oxidized. Because there is a possibility of doing.
- a purge gas for example, a power generation raw material
- the purge gas for example, oxidant gas
- the purge gas for example, power generation raw material
- the purge gas supplied to the anode may flow in from the downstream side of the cathode. This is because the reformed water remaining in the system after the fuel cell stops evaporates due to excess heat, and the pressure of the anode of the fuel cell is higher than that of the cathode.
- the purge gas supplied to the anode flows into the cathode, the cathode material may be reduced and the performance of the fuel cell may be deteriorated.
- the present inventors are configured to supply a hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) to the anode and an oxidant gas to the cathode until the stack temperature of the fuel cell decreases to about 150 ° C. By doing so, it was found that oxidation of the anode and reduction of the cathode can be prevented. Further, in order to supply a hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) generated by reforming the raw material gas in a predetermined temperature range where the hydrocarbon raw material is decomposed and carbon deposition occurs, the power generation raw material is supplied to the anode. The inventors have found that the carbon deposition that occurs in can be prevented, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention specifically provides the following modes.
- a fuel cell system includes a solid oxide fuel cell and a reformer that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming a power generation raw material to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- a power generation raw material supplier that supplies the power generation raw material to the reformer; and a reformer that supplies at least one of reforming water and air used in a reforming reaction to the reformer Combustion section having a material supplier, an oxidant gas supplier for supplying an oxidant gas to the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell, and an igniter for igniting the exhaust gas discharged from the solid oxide fuel cell
- a controller wherein in the operation stop process of the fuel cell system, the controller controls the oxidant gas supply unit to convert the oxidant gas into the solid oxide.
- the power generation raw material supply device and the reforming material supply device to supply the power generation raw material and at least one of the water and air to the reformer intermittently, and An ignition operation is performed by controlling the ignite
- the controller controls the oxidant gas supply device to supply the oxidant gas to the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell, the oxidant gas supplies the solid oxide fuel from the oxidant gas supply device. Purge along the path to the battery cathode can be performed. Further, the controller controls the power generation raw material supply device and the reforming material supply device to intermittently supply the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air to the reformer. That is, the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reforming reaction in the reformer using the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air can be intermittently supplied to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. .
- purging can be performed in the path from the reformer to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell with the hydrogen-containing gas. Further, since the hydrogen-containing gas used for purging is not exposed to a high temperature like hydrocarbon raw materials such as power generation raw materials, carbon deposition does not occur, so that it is possible to prevent a decrease in durability of the fuel cell system due to carbon deposition.
- the oxidant gas and hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell are exhausted from the solid oxide fuel cell as exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas can be ignited and combusted by an igniter in the combustion section. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the combustible gas from being discharged out of the fuel cell system as it is.
- the fuel cell system according to the first aspect of the present invention has an effect that the operation can be safely stopped while preventing a decrease in durability. Furthermore, a configuration in which power generation raw materials and the like are continuously supplied to the reformer by a configuration in which power generation raw materials and at least one of water and air (hereinafter referred to as power generation raw materials) are intermittently supplied to the reformer. As compared with the above, there is an effect that the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell and the reformer can be lowered more quickly. For example, in the operation of stopping the operation of the fuel cell system, in the case of a configuration in which the power generation raw material or the like is continuously supplied to the reformer, the supply device that supplies the power generation raw material or the like continuously operates.
- the fuel cell system according to the first aspect of the present invention is configured to intermittently supply power generation raw materials and the like, the exhaust gas discharged from the solid oxide fuel cell is continuously burned. Can be prevented. Therefore, the fuel cell system according to the first aspect of the present invention lowers the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell, the reformer, etc. faster than the configuration in which the power generation raw material is continuously supplied. Can do.
- the fuel cell system according to the second aspect of the present invention is the combustible gas included in the combustion exhaust gas provided in the downstream side of the combustion part and discharged from the combustion part in the first aspect described above.
- a purifier temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the purifier as a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the fuel cell system, and the detection by the purifier temperature detector
- the controller may be configured to control the igniter to perform an ignition operation.
- the predetermined temperature is, for example, a lower limit value of the temperature at which the purification catalyst included in the purifier is activated.
- the igniter when the purifier temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the igniter is not operated and the combustible gas is purified by the purifier.
- the controller when the temperature of the purifier is lower than the predetermined temperature, the controller has not reached the temperature at which the purifying catalyst is activated. Therefore, the controller operates the igniter to burn the combustible gas in the combustion section.
- the purification of the remaining combustible gas can be achieved by combining a purifier capable of purifying the combustible gas at a temperature lower than that of the combustion portion and a combustion portion for burning and purifying the combustible gas. Can be achieved more reliably, and the amount of heat required in the combustion section can be suppressed. Therefore, the temperature of the fuel cell system can be more reliably and efficiently reduced as compared with the configuration in which the combustible gas is purified only by the combustion part. In addition, since the amount of heat required in the combustion section and the supply amount of raw materials can be suppressed, it is possible to reduce energy consumption and shorten the stop time in the stop operation of the fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system according to the third aspect of the present invention may include a desulfurizer for removing sulfur compounds contained in the power generation raw material in the first or second aspect described above. Good.
- the fuel cell system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell system according to the third aspect described above, wherein the exhaust gas burned in the combustion section is circulated, and the desulfurizer is turned on by the heat of the burned exhaust gas. You may be comprised so that the heating part to heat may be provided.
- the desulfurizer can be heated by effectively utilizing the heat of the combusted exhaust gas.
- the desulfurizer is a hydrodesulfurizer that removes sulfur compounds from the power generation raw material using hydrogen. It may be.
- the fuel cell system according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to fifth aspects described above, wherein the controller includes at least one of the power generation raw material, the water and air.
- the intermittent supply to either one of the reformers may be performed by operating the power generation material supply device and the reforming material supply device at predetermined time intervals.
- the controller can intermittently supply the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air to the reformer at predetermined time intervals. For this reason, purging in the path from the reformer to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell can be performed with the hydrogen-containing gas while suppressing the consumption of the power generation raw material, compared to the configuration in which the power generation raw material is always supplied. .
- the fuel cell system according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell system according to any one of the third to fifth aspects described above, wherein the reformer, the solid oxide fuel cell, and the desulfurizer.
- the temperature of the fuel cell system changes in conjunction with each other, and as a temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the fuel cell system, a reformer temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the reformer, and the solid oxide fuel cell At least one of a fuel cell temperature detection unit for detecting temperature and a desulfurizer temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the desulfurizer, and the controller includes the power generation raw material, the water and air At least one of the intermittent supply to the reformer was detected by at least one of the reformer temperature detector, the fuel cell temperature detector, and the desulfurizer temperature detector.
- temperature Depending on whether the temperature range of the constant, may be configured to perform controls the power generation raw material supply unit and the reforming material feeder.
- each temperature change in each part is stored in association with each other, so that The temperature change of another member can be grasped from the temperature change.
- the controller intermittently supplies the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air to the reformer, at least the reformer temperature detection unit, the fuel cell temperature detection unit, and the desulfurization. This can be performed depending on whether the temperature detected by any one of the temperature detectors is within a predetermined temperature range.
- the predetermined temperature range used for determining whether or not to intermittently supply the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air to the reformer is, for example, a reformer, a solid oxide form, or the like.
- the fuel cell and the desulfurizer can be determined within a range where the temperature does not become excessive.
- the fuel cell system according to the seventh aspect is characterized in that the reformer, the solid oxide fuel cell, and the desulfurizer are monitored from the reformer by the hydrogen-containing gas while monitoring so as not to overheat. Purging can be performed in the path leading to the anode of the fuel cell.
- the controller is configured to supply the reformer with the power generation raw material and at least one of the water and air. Is intermittently supplied according to at least a rise value and a fall value of the temperature detected by any one of the reformer temperature detection unit, the fuel cell temperature detection unit, and the desulfurizer temperature detection unit,
- the power generation raw material supply device and the reforming material supply device may be configured to be controlled.
- a fuel cell system is the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to fifth aspects described above, from the power generation raw material supply device to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- the controller includes the power generation raw material and at least one of the water and air.
- the intermittent supply to the reformer may be performed by operating the power generation raw material supply device and the reforming material supply device at predetermined time intervals.
- the controller when the pressure in the combustible gas flow path becomes negative, the controller intermittently supplies the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air to the reformer for a predetermined time. Do this at every interval. For this reason, the combustible gas flow path is monitored so that air does not flow in from the outside, and in the case of negative pressure, the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air are supplied. The pressure of the combustible gas channel can be increased.
- purge is performed in a path from the reformer to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell by the hydrogen-containing gas while preventing air from flowing into the combustible gas flow path from the outside. It can be performed.
- the fuel cell system according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, further comprising a voltage detector that detects the voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell. Each time the voltage detected by the voltage detector falls below a predetermined voltage, the controller supplies the power generation raw material and at least one of the water and air to the reformer. The power generation raw material supplier and the reforming material supplier may be controlled.
- the predetermined voltage is a voltage that can be detected in the solid oxide fuel cell when the pressure of the combustible gas passage becomes negative and air flows in from the outside.
- the controller supplies the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air to the reformer each time the voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell detected by the voltage detector becomes a predetermined voltage or less.
- the combustible gas flow path becomes negative pressure and air enters from the outside. I understand that. Therefore, when the voltage of the solid oxide fuel cell is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage, the pressure of the combustible gas flow path is increased by supplying the power generation raw material and at least one of water and air, and from the outside. Intrusion of air can be suppressed.
- a predetermined temperature for example, 120 ° C.
- the purge in the path from the reformer to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell is performed by the hydrogen-containing gas while preventing air from flowing into the combustible gas flow path from the outside. It can be performed.
- the fuel cell system according to an eleventh aspect of the present invention is the reforming material used in the reforming reaction with respect to the reformer in the ninth aspect described above.
- a reforming water supply device for supplying water, an evaporator for vaporizing water supplied from the reforming water supply device to the reformer, a heater for heating the evaporator, and the oxidizing agent
- An oxidant gas flow path which is a flow path from the oxidant gas supply unit to the solid oxide fuel cell, through which gas flows, the evaporator, the reformer, and the solid oxide type
- the temperature of the fuel cell changes in conjunction with each other.
- an evaporator temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the evaporator, and a temperature of the reformer are detected.
- Reformer temperature detector, and the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell At least one of the fuel cell temperature detectors for detecting the fuel cell, and in the operation stop process of the fuel cell system, the controller controls the power generation material supplier and the reforming water supplier.
- the power generation raw material and water are circulated through the combustible gas flow path, and the oxidant gas supply device is controlled to flow the oxidant gas through the oxidant gas flow path.
- the controller controls the heater to heat the evaporator when it is determined that the operating temperature of the evaporator is lower than the lower limit. For this reason, in accordance with the temperature drop in the fuel cell shutdown process, the evaporator cannot sufficiently evaporate water, and it is possible to prevent a problem that the reforming reaction does not proceed sufficiently in the reformer. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to continuously generate the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer even in the fuel cell shutdown process, and to purge the combustible gas channel with the hydrogen-containing gas.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a reformer that supplies a hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming a power generation material to the fuel cell, and the power generation material as the reformer.
- the power generation raw material supply device to be supplied to the reformer, the reforming water supply device to supply water to be used for the reforming reaction in the reformer to the reformer, and the reforming water supply device to be supplied to the reformer An evaporator that vaporizes water, a heater that heats the evaporator, an oxidant gas supplier that supplies an oxidant gas to the fuel cell, and the power generation raw material or the hydrogen-containing gas that is a combustible gas
- a combustible gas flow path that is a flow path from the power generation raw material supply unit to the fuel cell, and an oxidation that is a flow path from the oxidant gas supply unit to the fuel cell through which the oxidant gas flows.
- the heater is controlled to be heated by the heater.
- the lower limit value of the operating temperature of the evaporator is the lower limit value of the temperature of the evaporator necessary for vaporizing water.
- the controller causes the power generation raw material and the water to flow through the combustible gas flow path in the fuel cell shutdown process. For this reason, the power generation raw material and water become hydrogen-containing gas by the reforming reaction in the reformer, and the combustible gas flow path can be purged by the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the combustible gas flow path can be purged with the hydrogen-containing gas, so that the combustible gas generated by the pressure drop accompanying the gas contraction in the combustible gas flow path and the water vapor condensing as the temperature decreases. Air can be prevented from flowing in from the outside in accordance with the pressure drop in the flow path. Therefore, in addition to oxidation by air on the downstream side of the anode at low temperatures, oxidation due to local battery generation on the upstream side of the anode due to intrusion of air from the downstream side of the anode can be suppressed.
- the combustible gas flow path is purged with a hydrogen-containing gas, even when the operation is stopped in a high temperature state, it is decomposed, for example, as a power generation raw material, and the reforming catalyst of the fuel cell anode and reformer No carbon deposition occurs. For this reason, deterioration of the anode and the reforming catalyst can be prevented, and durability can be improved.
- the controller causes the oxidant gas to flow through the oxidant gas flow path. For this reason, since the inside of the oxidant gas flow path can be purged by the oxidant gas, the hydrogen-containing gas is prevented from flowing into the oxidant gas flow path from the combustible gas flow path in the fuel cell shutdown process. be able to.
- the controller controls the heater to heat the evaporator. For this reason, in accordance with the temperature drop in the fuel cell shutdown process, the evaporator cannot sufficiently evaporate water, and it is possible to prevent a problem that the reforming reaction does not proceed sufficiently in the reformer. Can do. Therefore, it is possible to continuously generate the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer even in the fuel cell shutdown process, and to purge the combustible gas channel with the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention has an effect that the operation can be stopped while improving the durability.
- the fuel cell system is the purifier for purifying the exhaust gas containing the combustible gas and the oxidant gas discharged from the fuel cell in the twelfth aspect.
- the temperature detector detects at least one of the temperatures of the evaporator, the reformer, and the fuel cell, and the temperature of the purifier that changes in conjunction therewith. It may be configured to.
- a fuel cell system according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell system according to the twelfth or thirteenth aspect, provided separately from the reformer, reforming a power generation raw material, A pre-reformer for supplying, and when the controller determines that the operating temperature of the evaporator has become a lower limit value or less based on the detection result of the temperature detector, the controller uses the heater together with the evaporator.
- the configuration may be such that the pre-reformer is controlled to be heated.
- the pre-reformer is provided, and the pre-reformer is heated together with the evaporator by the heater. For this reason, even if the reforming reaction does not proceed sufficiently in the reformer due to the temperature drop of the reformer after the fuel cell is stopped, it is heated by a heater instead of the reformer.
- the reforming reaction can be advanced by the preliminary reformer.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is continuously generated in the reformer even in the fuel cell shutdown process, and the combustible gas flow path is generated by the hydrogen-containing gas. Can be purged.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 will be described by taking as an example a configuration including a solid oxide fuel cell as the fuel cell 1, but is not limited thereto.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a fuel cell 1, a reformer 2, a combustion unit 3 having an igniter 4, a power generation raw material supplier 5, an oxidant gas supplier 6,
- a reforming material flow path 10 a combustible gas flow path 11, an oxidant gas flow path 12, and a combustion exhaust gas flow path 13 are provided as flow paths that connect the respective parts. .
- the power generation raw material supply device 5 supplies power generation raw material to the reformer 2 and may be configured to be able to adjust the flow rate of the power generation raw material supplied to the reformer 2.
- the power generation raw material supplier 5 may be configured to include a booster and a flow rate adjustment valve, or may be configured to include only one of these.
- the booster for example, a constant displacement pump driven by a motor is used, but is not limited thereto.
- the power generation raw material is supplied from a power generation raw material supply source. Examples of the power generation raw material supply source include a gas cylinder and a gas infrastructure.
- the oxidant gas supply device 6 supplies an oxidant gas to the cathode 21 of the fuel cell 1 and may be configured to be capable of adjusting the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode 21 of the fuel cell 1.
- the oxidant gas supply device 6 may be configured to include a booster and a flow rate adjustment valve, or may be configured to include only one of these.
- the booster for example, a constant displacement pump driven by a motor is used, but is not limited thereto.
- the oxidant gas include air in the atmosphere.
- the reforming material supplier 7 supplies the reformer 2 with water (steam) or air used for the reforming reaction, and the flow rate of water (steam) or air supplied to the reformer 2 can be adjusted. It may be configured. That is, when the reformer 2 is configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) by a steam reforming reaction, the reforming material supply unit 7 supplies water (steam) to the reformer 2 and modifies it. When the mass device 2 is configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by a partial oxidation reforming reaction, the reforming material supply device 7 supplies air to the reformer 2. When the reformer 2 is configured to generate a hydrogen-containing gas by an autothermal reaction, the reforming material supplier 7 supplies at least one of water (steam) and air to the reformer 2.
- the reforming material supply unit 7 may be configured to include a booster and a flow rate adjustment valve, or may be configured to include only one of these. As the booster, for example, a constant displacement pump driven by a motor is used, but is not limited thereto
- the reforming material flow path 10 is a flow path from the reforming material supply device 7 to a merging portion (not shown) on the upstream side of the reformer 2 in the combustible gas flow path 11. At least one of water and air used in the reforming reaction carried out in 1 is circulated.
- the combustible gas flow path 11 is a flow path from the power generation raw material supply device 5 to the anode 20 of the fuel cell 1 through the reformer 2, and a power generation raw material or hydrogen-containing gas which is a combustible gas flows therethrough.
- the combustible gas passage 11 corresponds to a section from the power generation raw material supplier 5 to the downstream end of the anode 20 in the fuel cell 1. That is, the combustible gas flow path 11 includes a flow path for guiding the power generation raw material from the power generation raw material supply device 5 to the reformer 2, and a hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming the power generation raw material in the reformer 2. It is a flow path obtained by adding a flow path for guiding to the fuel cell 1.
- the oxidant gas flow path 12 is a flow path from the oxidant gas supply device 6 to the cathode 21 of the fuel cell 1, and the oxidant gas flows therethrough. As shown in FIG. 1, the oxidant gas flow path 12 corresponds to a section from the oxidant gas supply device 6 to the downstream end of the cathode 21 of the fuel cell 1.
- the fuel cell 1 generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) supplied from the reformer 2 through the combustible gas flow path 11 and the oxidant gas supplied through the oxidant gas flow path 12.
- a solid oxide fuel cell that generates electricity by reaction can be exemplified.
- the fuel cell 1 includes an anode 20 to which a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied and a cathode 21 to which an oxidant gas is supplied.
- the fuel cell 1 is a unit of a fuel cell that generates power by performing a power generation reaction between the anode 20 and the cathode 21.
- a plurality of cells are connected in series to form a cell stack.
- the fuel cell 1 may have a configuration in which cell stacks connected in series are further connected in parallel.
- a single cell of the fuel cell constituting the fuel cell for example, a single cell of a fuel cell made of zirconia doped with yttria (YSZ), zirconia doped with ytterbium or scandium, or a lanthanum gallate solid electrolyte is used. Can do.
- the power generation reaction is performed in a temperature range of about 600 to 900 ° C., depending on the thickness.
- the combustion unit 3 is an area for flame burning the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxidant gas that are not used for power generation in the fuel cell 1.
- An igniter 4 is provided in the combustion unit 3, and the hydrogen-containing gas introduced into the combustion unit 3 is ignited by the igniter 4 and flame-combusted together with the oxidant gas.
- the flame combustion generates heat necessary for the fuel cell 1, the reformer 2, and the like, and generates combustion exhaust gas.
- the generated combustion exhaust gas is discharged out of the system through the combustion exhaust gas passage 13.
- each of the fuel cell 1, the reformer 2, and the combustion unit 3 is housed in a so-called hot module covered with a heat insulating member. And may be housed together.
- the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 3 is released out of the system through the combustion exhaust gas passage 13, but in order to effectively use the thermal energy of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas, for example, the combustion exhaust gas passage 13
- a heat exchanger is provided, and the temperature of the oxidant gas is raised by heat exchange with the oxidant gas sent to the cathode 21, so that operation with a higher energy utilization rate becomes possible.
- the combustible gas passage 11 is purged using the hydrogen-containing gas obtained by reforming the power generation material in the operation stop process, and the oxidizing gas is used using the oxidizing gas.
- Each channel 12 is purged.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the combustion unit 3 from the anode side of the fuel cell 1.
- the power generation raw material and the hydrogen-containing gas are collectively referred to as a combustible gas.
- an oxidant gas is introduced from the cathode 21 side of the fuel cell 1.
- the igniter 4 will ignite combustible gas and will carry out flame combustion with oxidizing agent gas.
- the reformer 2 generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using a power generation raw material and at least one of water for reforming and air.
- Examples of the reforming reaction performed in the reformer 2 include a steam reforming reaction, an autothermal reaction, and a partial oxidation reaction as described above.
- the fuel cell system 100 may appropriately include necessary equipment according to the reforming reaction performed in the reformer 2.
- the fuel cell system 100 may include an evaporator that generates steam and a water supplier that supplies water to the evaporator.
- the power generation raw material supplied to the fuel cell system 100 includes at least an organic compound having carbon and hydrogen as constituent elements.
- Specific examples of the power generation raw material include city gas mainly composed of methane, natural gas, gas containing an organic compound composed of at least carbon and hydrogen such as LPG and LNG, hydrocarbon, and alcohol such as methanol. Illustrated.
- the controller 8 controls various operations of each part of the fuel cell system 100. For example, when performing the purge in the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100, the controller 8 depends on the elapsed time from the operation stop of the fuel cell 1, the temperature of the fuel cell 1, the temperature of the reformer 2, or the like. The power generation raw material supplier 5, the oxidant gas supplier 6, and the reforming material supplier 7 are controlled. The controller 8 adjusts the supply amount of the power generation raw material supplied to the reformer 2 and water (steam) or air, or adjusts the supply amount of the oxidant gas supplied to the fuel cell 1. .
- the controller 8 may include a timer (not shown) and control the supply amounts of the power generation raw material and the oxidant gas as the predetermined time elapses.
- the fuel cell 1 or the reformer 2 includes a temperature sensor (a fuel cell temperature detection unit T1, a reformer temperature detection unit T2) and the like, and the power generation raw material and the oxidant gas are detected according to the detection result by the temperature sensor. It is good also as a structure which controls each supply amount.
- controller 8 only needs to have a control function, and includes an arithmetic processing unit (not shown) and a storage unit (not shown) for storing a control program.
- An MPU or CPU is exemplified as the arithmetic processing unit.
- storage part a non-volatile memory etc. are illustrated, for example.
- the controller 8 may be composed of a single controller that performs centralized control on each part of the fuel cell system 100, or may be composed of a plurality of controllers that perform distributed control in cooperation with each other. .
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the operation shown in the flowchart can be realized, for example, when the controller 8 reads and executes a control program stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a time-series change of each part when the fuel cell system 100 operates according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the temperature change of the reformer 2 and the fuel cell 1 the flow rate changes of the oxidant gas and the hydrogen-containing gas, and the ignition / extinguishing state change in the combustion unit 3 are shown in time series.
- the flow rate of hydrogen-containing gas supplied per unit time is a constant flow rate (Q F ) for convenience of explanation.
- the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied per unit time is a constant flow rate (Q o ) for convenience of explanation.
- the controller 8 starts an operation stop operation (step S9).
- the above-mentioned predetermined condition for the controller 8 to determine that the operation is stopped is, for example, when the total operation time of the fuel cell system 100 reaches a predetermined time or when the total power generation amount in the fuel cell system 100 is a predetermined power generation amount. And so on.
- the controller 8 starts the operation stop operation, the power generation in the fuel cell 1 is stopped. More specifically, the controller 8 controls the power generation material supply unit 5 and the reforming material supply unit 7 so as to stop the supply of the power generation material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air).
- the oxidant gas supply device 6 is controlled so as to stop the supply of the oxidant gas. In this way, the power generation of the fuel cell 1 is stopped, and the temperature of the fuel cell 1 decreases as shown in FIG.
- the controller 8 receives temperature information of the fuel cell 1 as a detection result from a fuel cell temperature detection unit T1 provided to detect the temperature of the fuel cell 1. Then, the controller 8 determines the magnitude relationship between the temperature of the fuel cell 1 and the predetermined temperature T s1 (step S10).
- a predetermined temperature T s1 is set as a temperature within a temperature range in which water vapor contained in the hydrogen-containing gas does not condense and after a predetermined time has elapsed after the fuel cell 1 stops generating power.
- the predetermined temperature T s1 can be set to 480 ° C., for example.
- step S10 If the controller 8 determines that the temperature of the fuel cell 1 has decreased to T s1 or less (“YES” in step S10), the controller 8 controls the oxidant gas supply unit 6 to oxidant gas flow path 12. The oxidant gas is supplied to the fuel cell 1 through (step S11). Next, the controller 8 controls the power generation raw material supply device 5 and the reforming material supply device 7 to cause the reformer 2 to supply the power generation raw material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air). Thereby, hydrogen-containing gas is produced
- the oxidant gas flow path 12 is purged with the oxidant gas.
- the oxidant gas purged through the oxidant gas flow path 12 is guided to the combustion unit 3 as exhaust gas.
- the combustible gas passage 11 is purged with the combustible gas.
- the section from the reformer 2 to the downstream end of the anode 20 of the fuel cell 1 in the combustible gas passage 11 is purged with a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the hydrogen-containing gas purged through the combustible gas passage 11 is guided to the combustion unit 3 as exhaust gas.
- the purge is started when the temperature of the fuel cell 1 becomes equal to or lower than T s1 after power generation is stopped.
- the processing in step S11 and the processing in step S12 are performed at different timings. However, the processing in step S11 and the processing in step S12 may be performed simultaneously.
- the controller 8 operates the igniter 4 provided in the combustion unit 3 to ignite the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 (step S13). That is, the controller 8 ignites the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the anode 20 of the fuel cell 1 and flame-combusts it together with the oxidant gas discharged from the cathode 21.
- the fuel cell 1 is heated by the heat generated by the flame combustion, and the temperature lowered to the vicinity of T s1 gradually increases as shown in FIG. Further, the temperature of the reformer 2 also changes in conjunction with the temperature change of the fuel cell 1 as shown in FIG. 3, and the lowered temperature gradually rises.
- the hydrogen-containing gas was discharged from the anode 20 side of the fuel cell 1 to the combustion unit 3 and purged from the cathode 21 side to the combustion unit 3 by purging with the hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming the power generation material in this way. Flame burning with oxidant gas. Thereby, it can prevent that combustible gas, such as hydrogen containing gas, is discharged
- the combustible gas passage 11 is purged not by the power generation raw material itself but by the hydrogen-containing gas obtained by reforming the power generation raw material, the power generation raw material is distributed to the reformer 2 and the fuel cell 1 in a high temperature state. In the reformer 2 and the fuel cell 1, carbon deposition can be prevented.
- the controller 8 determines the magnitude relationship between the total purge time (total purge time) by the hydrogen-containing gas measured by a timer (not shown) and the predetermined required purge time t all (step S14).
- the required purge time t all can be a time required to fill at least the section of the combustible gas flow path 11 from the reformer 2 to the anode of the fuel cell 1 with the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the total purge time is a time ( ⁇ t on ) obtained by adding the time during which the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied (purge time t on ) as shown in FIG.
- the supply time of the power generation raw material by the power generation raw material supply device 5 can be regarded as the supply time of the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the fuel cell system 100 continuously supplies the power generation raw material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air), generates a hydrogen-containing gas, and uses the hydrogen-containing gas to generate a predetermined value. Instead of performing a purge for a period of time, it is configured to intermittently supply the power generation raw material and the reforming material and purge with the hydrogen-containing gas. This prevents the fuel cell 1 from being overheated due to the combustion heat of the hydrogen-containing gas in the combustion section 3 or suppresses the consumption of the power generation material by making the supply of the power generation material intermittent. Because. For this reason, the total purge time is the total of the purge times for the hydrogen-containing gas supplied multiple times.
- step S14 when the controller 8 determines that the total purge time is not less than the required purge time t all , that is, the required purge time has been reached (“NO” in step S14), the combustible gas channel 11 It is determined that the purging of has been completed. Therefore, in the case of “NO” in step S14, the controller 8 controls the power generation raw material supplier 5 so as to stop the supply of the power generation raw material to the combustible gas flow path 11, and the reforming material (water and water). The reforming material supplier 7 is controlled so as to stop the supply of at least one of the air. As a result, the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the combustible gas passage 11 is stopped (step S15). Next, the controller 8 controls the oxidant gas supply unit 6 to stop the supply of the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas flow path 12 (step S16). Then, the purge in the fuel cell system 100 is completed, and the operation stop process is ended.
- the pressure on the anode 20 side becomes higher than that on the cathode 21 side, so the supply of hydrogen-containing gas is stopped as described above. Is performed before the supply of the oxidant gas is stopped, the backflow of the hydrogen-containing gas toward the cathode 21 can be prevented.
- the controller 8 may be configured to determine whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell 1 has become equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Ts2 before the above-described steps S15 and S16.
- the predetermined temperature T s2 can be set to 150 ° C. That is, when the stack temperature of the fuel cell 1 is 150 ° C. or higher in the operation stop process, if the hydrogen-containing gas is not supplied to the anode side, the oxidant gas flows backward from the downstream portion and oxidizes on the anode side. Because there is. Accordingly, it may be determined whether or not the stack temperature of the fuel cell 1 is less than 150 ° C., and when the temperature is less than 150 ° C., the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas and the oxidant gas may be stopped.
- step S17 the controller 8 performs a comparison determination between the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas and a predetermined time (purge time t pre-on ).
- the purge time t on is the supply time of the hydrogen-containing gas per time, in other words, the supply time of the power generation raw material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air) per time.
- the controller 8 determines the magnitude relationship between the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas and the preset purge time t pre-on based on the time measured by a timer (not shown).
- the controller 8 determines that the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas is equal to or longer than the preset purge time t pre-on (“YES” in step S17)
- the power generation material and the reforming material The supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped by stopping the supply of water and / or air (step S18).
- the magnitude relationship between the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas and the preset purge time t pre-on is determined for the following reason. That is, the fact that the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas is equal to or longer than the purge time t pre-on set in advance means that the combustion time of the hydrogen-containing gas introduced to the combustion unit 3 is increased. Thus, if the combustion time in the combustion part 3 becomes long, the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 heated by the combustion heat in the combustion part 3 will overheat.
- the purge time t on by the hydrogen-containing gas is monitored, and when the preset purge time t pre-on is reached, the controller 8 stops the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the controller 8 After stopping the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas in step S18, the controller 8 performs a comparison determination between the supply stop time T off of the hydrogen-containing gas and a predetermined time (set supply stop time t pre-off ) (step S19). ). In other words, the controller 8 determines whether the supply stop time T off of the hydrogen-containing gas and the preset supply stop time (set supply stop time t pre-off ) are large or small based on the time measured by a timer (not shown). Determine the relationship. When the controller 8 determines that the supply stop time t off of the hydrogen-containing gas is equal to or longer than the set supply stop time t pre-off (“YES” in step S19), the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is resumed. (Step S20).
- the magnitude relationship between the supply stop time t off of the hydrogen-containing gas and the set supply stop time t pre-off is determined for the following reason. That is, the fuel cell system 100 is configured such that the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 3 is released to the atmosphere through the combustion exhaust gas passage 13. For this reason, when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped for a long time, the gas in the combustible gas channel 11 contracts as the temperature of the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 decreases, so that the combustible gas channel 11 The air in the outside air flows in and oxidizes the reforming catalyst of the reformer 2 and the anode of the fuel cell 1. In particular, when the anode is oxidized, the durability of the fuel cell 1 is significantly reduced. Therefore, the controller 8 monitors the supply stop time t off of the hydrogen-containing gas in order to prevent the air in the outside air from flowing into the combustible gas passage 11.
- the oxidation of the anode described above is not only an oxidation without an electrochemical reaction on the outlet side near the combustion part 3 of the combustible gas flow path 11 but also the outlet side of the anode in the high oxygen concentration state and the low oxygen concentration state. It is also caused by a local cell reaction involving an electrochemical reaction that occurs by exchange of oxide ions and electrons with the inlet side of the anode.
- the fuel cell system 100 it is not always necessary to supply a certain amount of the reforming material during the same supply period with respect to the supply of the power generation raw material. For example, when the temperature of the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 is lowered to a temperature at which the power generation raw material is not decomposed and carbon is deposited, the steam / carbon ratio (S / The power generation raw material feeder 5 and the reforming material supply so as to change the ratio of the respective supply amounts of the power generation raw material to be supplied and the reformed water vaporized by an evaporator (not shown) so that C) is reduced.
- the device 7 may be controlled. When trying to reduce S / C, the supply of reforming water is stopped below a predetermined value. For this reason, in the fuel cell system 100, the supply of the reforming water may be intermittently performed when the power generation material is supplied.
- the supply stop time t off of the hydrogen-containing gas is monitored, and when the set supply stop time t pre-off or more is reached (“YES” in step S19), the controller 8 restarts the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the power generation material supplier 5 is controlled (step S20).
- the controller 8 includes the power generation raw material supply unit 5 and the reforming material supply unit so as to change the ratio between the supply amount of the power generation raw material and the supply amount of the reforming water to be steamed so that the steam / carbon ratio of the steam is reduced. 7 may be controlled.
- step S20 when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is resumed in step S20, the process returns to step S13. Then, in the determination in step S14, the processing from step S13 to step S20 is repeated until the total purge time when the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied becomes equal to or longer than the necessary purge time t all .
- the fuel cell system 100 may be configured as follows.
- the controller 8 instructs the oxidant gas supply unit 6 to stop the supply of the oxidant gas. Further, after the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is resumed in step S20, the controller 8 instructs the oxidant gas supply unit 6 to restart the supply of the oxidant gas that has been stopped. Note that the timing of stopping the supply of oxidant gas and restarting the supply of the oxidant gas may be performed after the stop of supply of the hydrogen-containing gas and the restart of supply as described above, or may be performed simultaneously.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The operation shown in the flowchart can be realized, for example, when the controller 8 reads and executes a control program stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- step S37 and step S39 are mainly demonstrated.
- step S34 the controller 8 monitors the temperature change of the temperature of the reforming catalyst charged in the reformer 2 (reformer temperature) or the representative temperature of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 1 (fuel cell temperature). Then, it is determined whether or not the temperature change is within a predetermined temperature range. More specifically, the controller 8 determines whether or not the temperature (reformer rising temperature) that has risen from the temperature of the reformer 2 at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited in step S33 is equal to or higher than the rising temperature TR -up. . Alternatively, the controller 8 determines whether or not the temperature (fuel cell rising temperature) that has risen from the temperature of the fuel cell 1 at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited in step S33 is equal to or higher than the rising temperature T S-up .
- the controller 8 determines whether or not the temperature (fuel cell rising temperature) that has risen from the temperature of the fuel cell 1 at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited in step S33 is equal to or higher than the rising temperature T S-up .
- the controller 8 receives information about the temperature of the reforming catalyst (reformer temperature) from the reformer temperature detection unit T2 provided in the reformer 2, and records the history of temperature change of the reformer temperature. To do. Then, it is determined whether or not the reformer temperature at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited has risen above the preset rise temperature T R-up of the reformer 2. Alternatively, the controller 8 receives information related to the fuel cell temperature from the fuel cell temperature detection unit T1, and records a history of the temperature change of the fuel cell temperature. Then, it is determined whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited has risen by a predetermined temperature T S-up or higher.
- the fuel cell temperature changes in conjunction with the reformer temperature, and any temperature may be selected in the determination in step S37. Further, since the reformer 2 has higher responsiveness to temperature changes than the fuel cell 1, the rising temperature T R-up of the reformer 2 is higher than the rising temperature T S-up of the fuel cell 1. The width increases. For this reason, the temperature range of the rising temperature T R-up of the reformer 2 may be set to be larger than the rising temperature T S-up of the fuel cell 1.
- step S37 When the controller 8 determines that the reformer rising temperature is higher than the rising temperature T R-up or when the fuel cell rising temperature is higher than the rising temperature T S-up (“YES” in step S37).
- the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped by stopping the supply of the power generation raw material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air) (step S38).
- the rising temperature T R-up or the rising temperature T S-up is set in order to prevent the reformer temperature or the fuel cell temperature from excessively rising due to heating by the combustion heat in the combustion section 3. It is.
- the controller 8 determines the temperature of the reforming catalyst (reformer temperature) charged in the reformer 2 or the representative temperature of the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell 1.
- the temperature change of (fuel cell temperature) is monitored to determine whether or not the temperature is within a predetermined temperature range. More specifically, the controller 8 determines whether the temperature lowered from the temperature of the reformer 2 at the time when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped in step S38 (reformer lowering temperature) is equal to or higher than the lowering temperature TR -down . Judge whether or not.
- the controller 8 determines whether or not the temperature lowered from the temperature of the fuel cell 1 when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped in step S38 (fuel cell falling temperature) is equal to or higher than the falling temperature T S-up (step S38). S39).
- the controller 8 receives information on the reformer temperature from the reformer temperature detection unit T2 provided in the reformer 2, and records the history of the temperature change of the reformer temperature. Then, it is determined whether or not the reformer temperature has dropped by a preset lowering temperature TR -down of the reformer 2 or not.
- the controller 8 receives information on the representative temperature (fuel cell temperature) of the fuel cell stack from the fuel cell temperature detection unit T1 provided in the fuel cell stack, and records the history of the temperature change of the fuel cell temperature. Then, it is determined whether or not the fuel cell temperature has decreased by a predetermined temperature T S-down or lower.
- the responsiveness to the temperature change is higher in the reformer 2 than in the fuel cell 1, so that the lowering temperature T R-down of the reformer 2 is lower than the lowering temperature T of the fuel cell 1.
- Lowering range is larger than S-down .
- the temperature range of the lowering temperature T R-down of the reformer 2 may be set to be larger than the lowering temperature T S-down of the fuel cell 1.
- step S40 When the controller 8 determines that the reformer lowering temperature is equal to or higher than the lowering temperature T R-down or the fuel cell lowering temperature is equal to or higher than the lowering temperature T S-down (“YES” in step S39), the hydrogen-containing gas Is resumed (step S40).
- the rising temperature T R-up of the reformer 2 or the rising temperature T S-up of the fuel cell 1 corresponds to the rising value of the present invention.
- the descending temperature T R-down of the reformer 2 or the descending temperature T S-down of the fuel cell 1 corresponds to the descending value of the present invention.
- the hydrogen-containing gas by configuring the hydrogen-containing gas to be intermittently supplied, it is possible to prevent the reformer 2 and the fuel cell 1 that are heated by the combustion heat in the combustion section 3 from being overheated. Moreover, it can also prevent that the temperature falls excessively and the water vapor
- the controller 8 determines whether or not the magnitude of the temperature rise of the reformer 2 (reformer rise temperature) is equal to or higher than the rise temperature TR -up , or the temperature rise of the fuel cell 1 (fuel cell). In this configuration, it is determined whether or not the magnitude of the rise temperature is equal to or higher than the rise temperature T S-up and the stop of the hydrogen-containing gas is determined. Furthermore, the controller 8 determines whether the descending temperature of the reformer 2 (reformer descending temperature) is equal to or higher than the descending temperature TR -down , or the descending temperature of the fuel cell 1 (fuel cell descending temperature). ) Is equal to or lower than the descending temperature T S-up , and the restart of the hydrogen-containing gas is determined. That is, the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas are controlled according to the temperature range of the rise or fall of the reformer temperature or the fuel cell temperature.
- the trigger for controlling the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas is not limited to the above-described temperature range of rise and fall of the reformer temperature or the fuel cell temperature.
- the temperature profile of the reformer temperature or the fuel cell temperature may be recorded, and the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas may be controlled using the magnitude of the temperature change gradient as a trigger.
- the fuel cell system 100 may further include a desulfurizer 9 that monitors changes in the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst (desulfurizer temperature) charged in the desulfurizer 9 and controls the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas.
- a desulfurizer 9 that monitors changes in the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst (desulfurizer temperature) charged in the desulfurizer 9 and controls the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas.
- FIG. 5 for a configuration in which the desulfurizer temperature is monitored and the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas are controlled in accordance with the temperature range of the rising temperature or the decreasing temperature of the desulfurizer temperature.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 2 further includes a desulfurizer 9 and the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst charged in the desulfurizer 9 (desulfurizer temperature) in the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 1.
- a desulfurizer temperature detection unit T3 for detecting the desulfurizer and a heating unit 15 for heating the desulfurizer 9 are provided.
- a recycle flow path 14 for supplying a part of the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the fuel cell 1 to the desulfurizer 9 is also provided.
- the configuration is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the desulfurizer 9 removes sulfur compounds in the power generation raw material, and examples thereof include a hydrogenated desulfurizer and a room temperature desulfurizer.
- the power generation raw material desulfurized by the desulfurizer 9 is supplied to the reformer 2. As shown in FIG. 5, the desulfurizer 9 is provided together with the heating unit 15 on the upstream side of the reformer 2 in the combustible gas flow path 11.
- the container is filled with a hydrodesulfurizing agent.
- a hydrodesulfurization agent for example, a CuZn-based catalyst having both a function of converting a sulfur compound into hydrogen sulfide and a function of adsorbing hydrogen sulfide is used.
- the hydrodesulfurization agent is not limited to this example, and is a CoMo-based catalyst that converts a sulfur compound in the raw material gas into hydrogen sulfide, and a sulfur adsorbent that is provided downstream thereof to adsorb and remove hydrogen sulfide. You may comprise with a ZnO type catalyst or a CuZn type catalyst.
- the hydrodesulfurization agent may contain nickel (Ni) as a catalyst metal.
- Ni nickel
- the catalyst may deteriorate.
- the temperature of the hydrodesulfurization agent in the desulfurizer is detected using a temperature detector (not shown), and the hydrodesulfurization agent in the desulfurizer is at a predetermined temperature or higher.
- the power generation raw material may be supplied to the hydrodesulfurizer only.
- the desulfurizer has an operable range of about 150 ° C.
- the desulfurizer is a room temperature desulfurizer
- sulfur compounds in the power generation raw material can be removed at room temperature.
- normal temperature means that the temperature is relatively close to the normal temperature range compared to the operating temperature of the hydrodesulfurizer (for example, around 300 ° C.). That is, the temperature range in which the normal temperature desulfurizer functions effectively includes the normal temperature range to the temperature range in which the desulfurizing agent functions effectively.
- the room temperature desulfurizer include a desulfurizer filled with an adsorptive desulfurization agent using an Ag zeolite catalyst or the like.
- the desulfurizer is branched from the position downstream of the fuel cell 1 and upstream of the combustion unit 3 in the combustible gas passage 11.
- a recycling flow path 14 is provided so as to be connected to the upstream side of 9.
- the hydrogen necessary for hydrodesulfurization is configured such that a part of the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 2 is supplied to the desulfurizer 9 through the recycle channel 14.
- the recycle flow path 14 branches from a position on the downstream side of the reformer 2 and the upstream side of the fuel cell 1 in the combustible gas flow path 11, and the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the reformer 2 A part of this may be supplied to the desulfurizer 9 through the recycling flow path 14.
- the heating unit 15 is for heating the desulfurizer 9 to a temperature suitable for desulfurization with the heat of the flue gas flowing through the flue gas passage 13, and the passage through which the flue gas flows is inside. Is formed.
- the combustion exhaust gas that has heated the desulfurizer 9 in the heating unit 15 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 through the combustion exhaust gas passage 13.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of an operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to the second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the operation shown in the flowchart can be realized, for example, when the controller 8 reads and executes a control program stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a time-series change of each part when the fuel cell system 100 operates according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the temperature change of the reformer 2, the fuel cell 1, and the desulfurizer 9, the change in the flow rate of the oxidant gas and the hydrogen-containing gas, and the change in ignition / extinguishing state in the combustion unit 3 are shown in time series. ing.
- the flow rate of hydrogen-containing gas supplied per unit time is a constant flow rate (Q F ) for convenience of explanation.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1 is configured to monitor the purge time t on and the supply stop time t off by the hydrogen-containing gas and control the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the change in the temperature of the desulfurization catalyst (desulfurizer temperature) charged in the desulfurizer 9 is monitored, and the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas is performed. It is good also as a structure which controls.
- step S57 and step S59 are mainly demonstrated.
- step S54 when the controller 8 determines that the total purge time with the hydrogen-containing gas is less than the required purge time t all (“YES” in step S54), the process proceeds to step S57.
- step S57 the controller 8 monitors the temperature change of the desulfurizer temperature, and determines whether or not the temperature change is within a predetermined temperature range. More specifically, the controller 8 determines whether or not the rising temperature of the desulfurizer 9 (desulfurizer rising temperature) is equal to or higher than the rising temperature TD -up .
- the controller 8 receives information on the desulfurizer temperature detected by the desulfurizer temperature detection unit T3 provided in the desulfurizer 9, and records the history of the temperature change of the desulfurizer temperature. Then, it is determined whether or not the desulfurizer temperature has risen by a preset temperature rise TD -up of the desulfurizer 9 or not. As described above, the desulfurizer 9 is heated by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas through the heating unit 15. For this reason, the desulfurizer temperature changes in conjunction with the fuel cell temperature and the reformer temperature.
- step S57 When the controller 8 determines that the desulfurizer rising temperature is equal to or higher than the rising temperature T D-up (“YES” in step S57), the power generation raw material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air) The supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped by stopping the supply (step S58).
- the rise temperature TD -up of the desulfurizer temperature is set in order to prevent the desulfurizer temperature from being excessively increased by heating the desulfurizer 9 by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 3. It is.
- the temperature change of the desulfurizer temperature, the temperature change of the fuel cell temperature, and the temperature change of the reformer temperature are interlocked with each other, it is possible to prevent the desulfurizer temperature from rising excessively. This means that the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 are prevented from rising excessively.
- the controller 8 After stopping the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas in step S58, the controller 8 monitors the temperature change of the desulfurizer temperature and determines whether it is within the predetermined temperature range. More specifically, the controller 8 determines whether or not the descending temperature of the desulfurizer 9 (desulfurizer descending temperature) is equal to or higher than the descending temperature TD-down (step S59).
- the controller 8 receives information related to the desulfurizer temperature from the desulfurizer temperature detection unit T3 provided in the desulfurizer 9, and records a history of temperature change of the desulfurizer temperature. Then, it is determined whether or not the desulfurizer temperature has dropped by a preset lowering temperature TR -down of the desulfurizer 9 or not. Then, when the controller 8 determines that the desulfurizer descending temperature is equal to or higher than the descending temperature TD-down (“YES” in step S59), the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is resumed (step S60).
- step S60 the reason for setting the descending temperature TD-down of the desulfurizer 9 is that the temperature of the desulfurizer 9, and further the reformer 2 and the fuel cell 1 while the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped.
- the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas containing water vapor remaining in the combustible gas flow path 11 becomes lower than the dew point, water is condensed, and the durability of the catalyst and electrodes of the desulfurizer 9, the reformer 2, and the fuel cell 1 is reduced. This is to prevent the performance from significantly deteriorating.
- the rising temperature T D-up of the desulfurizer 9 and the falling temperature T D-down of the desulfurizer 9 correspond to the rising value and the falling value of the present invention.
- the combustibility used for purging the combustible gas flow path 11 by executing the steps shown in the above-described flowchart when performing the operation stop process. Since the gas (hydrogen-containing gas) can be flame-combusted in the combustion unit 3, it is possible to prevent the combustible gas from being released into the atmosphere as it is. In addition, since the hydrogen-containing gas obtained by reforming the power generation raw material is used for purging the combustible gas flow path 11, for example, the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 are carbon precipitated due to high temperature. It can also prevent problems such as
- the hydrogen-containing gas is intermittently supplied to prevent the desulfurizer 9, the reformer 2, and the fuel cell 1 that are heated by the heat of flame combustion in the combustion unit 3 from being overheated. can do. Moreover, it can also prevent that the temperature falls excessively and the water vapor
- the controller 8 is configured to determine whether or not the magnitude of the rising temperature of the desulfurizer 9 (desulfurizer rising temperature) is equal to or higher than the rising temperature TD -up , and to stop the hydrogen-containing gas. It was. Furthermore, the controller 8 is configured to determine whether or not the descending temperature of the desulfurizer 9 (desulfurizer descending temperature) is equal to or higher than the descending temperature TD-down , and determine the resumption of the hydrogen-containing gas. That is, the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas are controlled according to the temperature range of the rise or fall of the desulfurizer temperature.
- the trigger for controlling the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas is not limited to the above-described temperature range of increase and decrease of the desulfurizer temperature.
- the temperature profile of the desulfurizer temperature may be recorded, and the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas may be controlled by using the magnitude of the temperature change slope as a trigger.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 3 further includes a purifier 16 and a purifier temperature detection unit T4 that detects the temperature of the purifier 16 in the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 2 shown in FIG. It has a configuration with. In other respects, the configuration is the same as that of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 2 shown in FIG. 5, and thus the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the purifier 16 removes combustible gas contained in the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion unit 3.
- the purifier 16 purifies hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and residual methane contained in the combustion exhaust gas into carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and water vapor (water).
- the purifier 16 is provided in the combustion exhaust gas passage 13 on the downstream side of the heating unit 15 that heats the desulfurizer 9.
- a purification catalyst with which the purifier 16 is filled for example, a container is filled with a combustion catalyst and an exhaust gas purification catalyst.
- a combustion catalyst and the exhaust gas purification catalyst for example, an alumina carrier impregnated with at least one of platinum, palladium, and rhodium, or a metal carrier can be used.
- the combustion catalyst and the exhaust gas purification catalyst are not limited to these, and may be any catalyst that can advance the combustion reaction and the purification reaction when maintained in the optimum temperature range.
- the combustion reaction and the purification reaction refer to a reaction for purifying unburned combustible gas such as hydrocarbon, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide contained in the gas flowing through the combustion exhaust gas passage 13.
- the purifier 16 removes the combustible gas in the combustion exhaust gas at a predetermined temperature (eg, 130 ° C.) or higher.
- a predetermined temperature eg, 130 ° C.
- the temperature is too high, the catalytic activity decreases due to aggregation of Pd or the like, so it is desirable to maintain a predetermined temperature (for example, 300 ° C.) or lower.
- the purifier 16 is configured to heat the desulfurizer 9 by the heating unit 15 and to be heated by the combustion exhaust gas that has lost a part of the heat it holds.
- the purifier 16 is provided at a position close to the desulfurizer 9 so that the heat of the combustion exhaust gas can be used more effectively. Also good.
- the combustion exhaust gas that has passed through the purifier 16 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 in a state where the combustible gas is purified while heating the purifier 16 as described above.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the operation shown in the flowchart can be realized, for example, when the controller 8 reads and executes a control program stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- step S11 the oxidant gas is supplied (step S11), and the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied (step S12).
- the exhaust gas discharged is ignited (step S13).
- the temperature of the purifier 16 determines whether the predetermined temperature T puri above, when less than the predetermined temperature T puri
- the igniter 4 is configured to ignite the exhaust gas. That is, only step S73 in FIG. 9 is newly added, and other steps S70 to 72 and 74 to 81 are common to steps S10 to 20 in FIG. For this reason, below, step S73 is mainly demonstrated.
- the controller 8 monitors the temperature change of the purifier 16. To do. Specifically, the controller 8 receives information on the temperature (purifier temperature) of the purification catalyst charged in the purifier 16 detected by the purifier temperature detection unit T4 provided in the purifier 16, and this purification. The magnitude relationship between the vessel temperature and the predetermined temperature T puri is determined (step S73).
- the predetermined temperature T puri is the lower limit temperature of the temperature range in which the purification catalyst is activated. In the case of a Pd—Al 2 O 3 purification catalyst, the predetermined temperature T puri is about 130 ° C.
- the purifier 16 can purify the combustible gas contained in the combustion exhaust gas. It is in.
- the controller 8 determines that the purifier temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature T puri (“NO” in step S73)
- the purifying catalyst is not activated and is included in the combustion exhaust gas in the purifier 16. It is in a state where the combustible gas to be removed cannot be removed.
- the purifier 16 is configured to be heated by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas. For this reason, for example, before the state in which the hydrogen-containing gas is burned by the igniter 4 in the combustion unit 3, the purifier temperature is less than the predetermined temperature T puri .
- the controller 8 controls the igniter 4 to ignite the exhaust gas (combustible gas) discharged from the fuel cell 1 (step S74).
- the purifier 16 is heated by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 3 and the purifier temperature becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T puri , the operation of the igniter 4 is stopped, and the purifier 16 causes the combustible gas. To purify.
- the controller 8 causes the ignition unit 4 to be connected to the combustion unit 3. A flammable gas is burned by controlling and igniting.
- the purifier 16 is heated and the purifier temperature becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature T puri , the purifier 16 is configured to purify the combustible gas. For this reason, in the fuel cell system 100 according to the modified example 3, the purifier 16 can purify the combustible gas at a temperature lower than that of the combustion unit 3.
- the purifier 16 that can purify the combustible gas at a temperature lower than that of the combustion unit 3 and the combustion of the combustible gas by the combustion unit 3 are combined to make combustibility.
- the amount of heat required for gas purification can be suppressed. Therefore, the temperature of the fuel cell system 100 can be more efficiently lowered as compared with the configuration in which the combustible gas is purified only by the combustion unit 3.
- the fuel cell 1 is compared with the fuel cell system configured not to purge at all.
- the time required for cooling to a predetermined temperature or lower in other words, the time required for the operation stop process becomes longer. Therefore, in the fuel cell system according to Modification 4 of Embodiment 1, the fuel cell system 100 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 operates as shown below so that the time required for the operation stop process can be reduced as much as possible. A stop process is performed.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification Example 4 controls the supply and stop of the hydrogen-containing gas in accordance with the temperature range of the increase or decrease in the fuel cell temperature.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the modification 4 is an aspect of the fuel cell system 100 according to the modification 2.
- the temperature rise range of the fuel cell 1 for determining the supply stop of the hydrogen-containing gas and the resumption of supply of the hydrogen-containing gas are determined so that the time required for the operation stop process can be reduced.
- the relationship with the temperature drop of the fuel cell 1 is further considered.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 4 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the operation shown in the flowchart can be realized, for example, when the controller 8 reads and executes a control program stored in a storage unit (not shown).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a time-series change of each part when the fuel cell system 100 operates according to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the temperature change of the fuel cell 1, the state change of ignition / extinguishing in the combustion section 3, and the flow rates of the supplied oxidant gas and hydrogen-containing gas are shown in time series.
- the flow rate of the hydrogen-containing gas supplied per unit time is a constant flow rate (Q F ) for convenience of explanation.
- the flow rate of the oxidant gas supplied per unit time is a constant flow rate (Q O ) for convenience of explanation.
- the operation stop process flowchart shown in FIG. 10 differs from the operation stop process flowchart shown in FIG. 2 only in the processes of steps S94, S97, and S99, and other steps (steps S90 to S93, steps S95 to S96, S98, and S100). ) Is common to steps S10 to S13, steps S15 to S16, S18, and S20 shown in FIG. For this reason, below, step S94, S97, and S99 are mainly demonstrated.
- step S93 When the exhaust gas is ignited by the igniter 4 in step S93, the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 3 flows through the combustion exhaust gas passage 13, and the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 are heated by the heat accompanying combustion in the combustion unit 3. Etc. are also heated. For this reason, the temperature of the fuel cell 1 gradually rises as shown in FIG.
- the controller 8 performs a comparison determination between the fuel cell temperature of the fuel cell 1 and a predetermined temperature (fuel cell temperature T S2 ). That is, the controller 8 receives information on the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T1 provided in the fuel cell stack, and the magnitude relationship between the fuel cell temperature and the preset fuel cell temperature T S2. Determine.
- the fuel cell temperature T S2 is a temperature that serves as a standard for ending the operation stop process, and can be set to about 150 ° C., for example. That is, when the stack temperature of the fuel cell 1 is 150 ° C. or higher in the operation stop process, if the hydrogen-containing gas is not supplied to the anode side, the oxidant gas flows backward from the downstream portion and oxidizes on the anode side. Because there is.
- the controller 8 records the fuel cell temperature detected at the time of the determination in the step S94 in a memory (not shown). Then, the controller 8 determines whether or not the temperature increased from the fuel cell temperature at the time of recording in the memory is equal to or higher than a predetermined increased temperature T S-up (step S97).
- the predetermined rising temperature T S-up can be set to 1 ° C. as shown in FIG. 11, for example.
- the fuel cell temperature at the time of recording in the memory can be the fuel cell temperature at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited by the igniter 4.
- step S97 When the controller 8 determines in step S97 that the fuel cell rising temperature is equal to or higher than the rising temperature T S-up (“YES” in step S97), the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the combustible gas passage 11 is stopped ( Step S98). Thus, when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped, the flame combustion of the exhaust gas in the combustion unit 3 is also stopped, and the temperature of the fuel cell 1, the reformer 2, etc. in the fuel cell system 100 is also lowered. Further, the controller 8 records the fuel cell temperature at the time when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped in a memory (not shown). Then, the controller 8 monitors the change in the fuel cell temperature.
- the controller 8 refers to the fuel cell temperature recorded in the memory, and the temperature lowered from the temperature of the fuel cell 1 at the time when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped is a predetermined lowered temperature T S-down. It is determined whether or not this is the case (step S99).
- the controller 8 determines that the fuel cell lowering temperature is equal to or higher than the lowering temperature T S-down (“YES” in step S99)
- the controller 8 restarts the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas, and records the fuel cell temperature at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited in a memory (not shown).
- the speed of temperature decrease of the fuel cell 1, the reformer 2, etc. in the fuel cell system 100 is determined depending on how much the predetermined descending temperature T S-down is set. That is, if the temperature range of the descending temperature T S-down is made as large as possible, the time required for temperature reduction of the fuel cell 1, the reformer 2, etc. is reduced, but the period for stopping the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is lengthened. In some cases, the oxidant gas flows backward from the downstream side on the anode side of the fuel cell 1 and the anode is oxidized. Therefore, the lowering temperature T S-down is set to be as high as possible within a range in which the anode of the fuel cell 1 is not oxidized. For example, in the fuel cell system 100 according to the modified example 4, as shown in FIG. 11, the descending temperature T S-down can be set to 10 ° C.
- the fuel cell system 100 Above the fuel cell temperature is lowered the temperature T S-down above, each time decreases, increasing the temperature T S-Stay up-above, by the structure for implementing the purge with a hydrogen-containing gas to rise, the fuel cell system 100
- the anode can be prevented from being oxidized by purging with the hydrogen-containing gas in the combustible gas passage 11 while cooling the gas efficiently.
- the cooling rate of the fuel cell system 100 can be adjusted to a desired rate by appropriately setting the relationship between the temperature ranges of the descending temperature T S-down and the increasing temperature T S-up .
- the fuel cell system 100 has decided to stop and restart the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas based on the temperature change of the fuel cell temperature, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the supply stop and restart of the hydrogen-containing gas may be determined based on the temperature change of the reformer temperature that changes in conjunction with the fuel cell temperature.
- the controller 8 is configured as shown in FIG. Steps S94, S97, and S99 shown in FIG.
- the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 3 flows through the combustion exhaust gas flow path 13, and the fuel cell 1, reforming is performed by the heat accompanying combustion in the combustion section 3.
- the vessel 2 and the like are also heated. For this reason, the temperature of the reformer 2 gradually increases in conjunction with the temperature of the fuel cell 1.
- step S94 the controller 8 performs a comparison determination between the reformer temperature and a predetermined temperature (reformer temperature T R2 ). That is, the controller 8 receives information on the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detection unit T2 provided in the reformer 2, and the reformer temperature and the preset reformer temperature T are received. Determine the magnitude relationship with R2 .
- the reformer 2 is configured to be heated by the heat of flame combustion in the combustion unit 3 as in the fuel cell 1. Therefore, since the reformer temperature and the fuel cell temperature are similar, the reformer temperature T R2 can be set to about 150 ° C., for example, similarly to the fuel cell temperature T S2 .
- the controller 8 determines whether or not the temperature increased from the reformer temperature at the time of recording in the memory is equal to or higher than a predetermined increased temperature TR -up .
- the predetermined rising temperature T R-up can be set to 1 ° C., for example, similarly to the rising temperature T S-up .
- the temperature rise T R-up may be a temperature higher than 1 ° C. because the reformer 2 has higher responsiveness to temperature changes than the fuel cell 1.
- the controller 8 determines that the reformer rising temperature is equal to or higher than the rising temperature T R-up , the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the combustible gas passage 11 is stopped.
- the controller 8 records the reformer temperature at the time of stopping the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas in a memory (not shown), and monitors the change in the reformer temperature.
- the controller 8 refers to the fuel cell temperature recorded in the memory, and the temperature lowered from the temperature of the reformer 2 at the time when the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped is a predetermined lowered temperature T R ⁇ . Judge whether it is more than down .
- the controller 8 determines that the reformer lowering temperature is equal to or higher than the lowering temperature TR -down , the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas to the combustible gas passage 11 is restarted. Further, the controller 8 restarts the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas, and records the reformer temperature at the time when the exhaust gas is ignited in a memory (not shown).
- the lowering temperature T R-down of the reformer 2 is set to be as high as possible within a range in which the anode of the fuel cell 1 does not oxidize.
- the lowering temperature T S of the fuel cell 1 It can be about 10 degreeC like -down .
- the lowering temperature T R-down may be a temperature higher than 10 ° C. because the reformer 2 is more responsive to temperature changes than the fuel cell 1.
- the purge with the hydrogen-containing gas is performed until the temperature rises by the rising temperature T R-up or more.
- the anode can be prevented from being oxidized by purging with the hydrogen-containing gas in the combustible gas passage 11 while cooling the gas efficiently.
- the temperature of the fuel cell 1 or the reformer 2 is taken into consideration, and the purge timing with the hydrogen-containing gas that is intermittently performed is determined. In consideration, the timing of the purge with the hydrogen-containing gas that is intermittently performed can also be determined.
- a configuration in which purging with a hydrogen-containing gas is intermittently performed in consideration of a change in pressure in the combustible gas passage 11 will be referred to as a modified example 5, and hydrogen content is intermittently considered in consideration of a change in voltage in the fuel cell 1.
- a configuration for purging with gas will be described as a sixth modification.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 5 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 5 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a time-series change of each part when the fuel cell system 100 operates according to the flowchart shown in FIG. In FIG.
- the flow rate of hydrogen-containing gas supplied per unit time is a constant flow rate (Q F ) for convenience of explanation.
- the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 that changes in accordance with the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is set to a constant pressure (N) for convenience of explanation.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the modified example 5 is configured to further include a pressure sensor P that detects the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 in the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 1. . Since other members are the same as those of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the pressure sensor P is provided on the upstream side of the reformer 2 in the combustible gas channel 11 and detects the pressure in the combustible gas channel 11.
- the pressure sensor P detects a pressure change in the combustible gas flow path 11 accompanying the supply of the power generation raw material, and regards this pressure change as a pressure change in the combustible gas flow path 11.
- the pressure change in the combustible gas passage 11 is proportional to the supply amount of the hydrogen-containing gas, in other words, the supply amount of the power generation raw material, as shown in FIG.
- steps S117 and S119 are different from the operation stop process shown in FIG. 10 only in steps S117 and S119, and the other steps (steps S110 to S116, S118, and S120) are the steps shown in FIG. Common to S90 to S96, S98, and S100. For this reason, steps S117 and S119 will be mainly described below.
- the controller 8 receives information on the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T1 provided in the fuel cell stack, and this fuel cell temperature and a preset fuel cell temperature T. Determine the magnitude relationship with S2 .
- the fuel cell temperature T S2 is a temperature that serves as a standard for ending the operation stop process, and can be set to about 150 ° C., for example.
- step S ⁇ b> 114 the controller 8 receives information related to the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 from the pressure sensor P and determines the magnitude relationship with the predetermined pressure N.
- the predetermined pressure N is the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 or the pressure in the vicinity thereof when the hydrogen-containing gas having a flow rate Q (F) per unit time flows.
- the controller 8 determines the magnitude relationship between the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas and a preset purge time t pre-on based on the time measured by a timer (not shown).
- Step S117 When the controller 8 determines that the pressure in the combustible gas passage 11 is equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure N and the purge time t on with the hydrogen-containing gas is equal to or longer than a preset purge time t pre-on ( In Step S117, “YES”), the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is stopped by stopping the supply of the power generation raw material and the reforming material (at least one of water and air) (Step S118).
- the controller 8 After stopping the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas in step S118, the controller 8 receives information related to the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 from the pressure sensor P, and determines the magnitude relationship with the atmospheric pressure. Further, the controller 8 makes a comparison determination between the supply stop time T off of the hydrogen-containing gas and a predetermined time (set supply stop time t pre-off ) (step S119). When the controller 8 determines that the pressure in the combustible gas passage 11 is equal to or lower than the atmospheric pressure and the supply stop time t off of the hydrogen-containing gas is equal to or longer than the set supply stop time t pre-off (in step S119). “YES”), the supply of the hydrogen-containing gas is resumed (step S120).
- the predetermined pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure and the pressure of the combustible gas flow path 11 are compared. It may be a configuration. That is, any configuration may be used as long as it can be monitored so that the inside of the combustible gas passage 11 does not become a negative pressure.
- the determination of the magnitude relationship between the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 and the predetermined pressure N and the judgment of the magnitude relationship between the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 and the atmospheric pressure are performed for the following reasons. is there.
- the power generation in the fuel cell 1 is stopped by starting the operation stop operation in step S109, and the temperatures of the fuel cell 1, the reformer 2, and the like are lowered.
- the residual gas in the combustible gas flow path 11 contracts to reduce the pressure.
- the pressure in the combustible gas channel 11 decreases.
- the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11 becomes negative, air flows from the outside and the anode side is oxidized.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to compensate for the reduced pressure when the inside of the combustible gas flow path 11 becomes the atmospheric pressure or lower,
- the combustible gas flow path 11 is prevented from becoming a negative pressure.
- the purge time t on is equal to or longer than the preset purge time t pre-on and the pressure in the combustible gas flow path 11 is equal to or higher than the predetermined pressure N, that is, not negative, the hydrogen-containing gas Can be stopped.
- FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 6 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 100 according to Modification 6 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a time-series change of each part when the fuel cell system 100 operates according to the flowchart shown in FIG. In FIG.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to the modified example 6 has a configuration further including a voltage detector V that detects the voltage of the fuel cell 1 in the configuration of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 1. Since other members are the same as those of the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
- the voltage detector V detects the voltage of the fuel cell 1. Specifically, the voltage detector V detects the average value of the voltage of a predetermined single cell in the cell stack of the fuel cell 1 as the voltage of the fuel cell 1.
- the operation stop process when the operation stop operation in step S129 shown in FIG. 16 is started, the power generation in the fuel cell 1 is stopped. For this reason, after the operation stop operation is started, the voltage detector V does not detect a voltage change accompanying power generation.
- the temperature of the fuel cell 1 and the reformer 2 is decreased after the operation is stopped, the pressure of the combustible gas flow path 11 is decreased as described above, and air may flow into the anode. In such a case, a voltage drop is caused in the single cell of the fuel cell 1. That is, the voltage change in the single cell of the fuel cell 1 can be used as a guideline for determining whether air flows into the anode.
- steps S137 and S139 are the steps shown in FIG. Common to S90 to S96, S98, and S100. For this reason, steps S137 and S139 will be mainly described below.
- the controller 8 receives information on the fuel cell temperature from the fuel cell temperature detector T1, and determines the magnitude relationship between the fuel cell temperature and a preset fuel cell temperature T S2 .
- the fuel cell temperature T S2 is a temperature that serves as a standard for ending the operation stop process, and can be set to about 150 ° C., for example.
- the controller 8 receives information about the voltage of the fuel cell 1 from the voltage detector V, it determines the size relationship between the predetermined voltage V 1.
- the predetermined voltages V 1, the air from the outside is the voltage of the fuel cell 1 during state not flowing through the combustion gas passage 13 to the combustible gas channel 11, for example, be a 0.75V .
- the controller 8 determines that the voltage of the fuel cell 1 is equal to or higher than the predetermined voltage V 1 (“YES” in step S134)
- the power generation raw material and the reforming material at least one of water and air
- the supply of hydrogen-containing gas is stopped by stopping the supply of (Step S138).
- the controller 8 After stopping the supply of hydrogen-containing gas at step S138, the controller 8 receives information about the voltage of the fuel cell 1 from the voltage detector V, it determines the size relationship between the predetermined voltage V 2 (step S139). Then, the controller 8, ( "YES" in step S139) when the voltage of the fuel cell 1 is determined to be a predetermined voltage V 2 or less, resume the supply of hydrogen-containing gas (step S140).
- the predetermined voltage V 2 is at a voltage of the fuel cell 1 at the time a state in which air from the outside through the flue gas passage 13 to the combustible gas channel 11 flows into, i.e. combustible gas channel 11 becomes a negative pressure For example, it can be 0.65V.
- Modifications 4 to 6 each have a configuration in which the supply stop and the supply restart of the hydrogen-containing gas are determined in consideration of a change in the fuel cell temperature, a change in the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11, or a change in the voltage of the fuel cell 1. there were.
- the present invention is not limited to these configurations, and after taking into account changes in the fuel cell temperature, changes in the pressure of the combustible gas passage 11, or changes in the voltage of the fuel cell 1, the fuel cell temperature and reformer temperature are further increased. Or it is good also as a structure which determines the magnitude relationship between desulfurizer temperature and predetermined temperature, and determines the supply stop and supply restart of hydrogen-containing gas.
- FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 200 will be described by taking as an example a configuration including a solid oxide fuel cell as the fuel cell 201, but is not limited thereto.
- the fuel cell system 200 includes a fuel cell 201, a reformer 202, an evaporator 203, a heater 204, a power generation raw material supplier 205, an oxidant gas supplier 206, and a memory.
- the apparatus 207 includes a device 207, a controller 208, a reforming water supplier 209 as a reforming material supplier, and a combustion unit 210.
- a combustible gas channel 211, an oxidant gas channel 212, and a reforming water channel 213 are provided as channels that connect the respective parts.
- the power generation material supply unit 205 supplies the power generation material to the reformer 202, and may be configured to be able to adjust the flow rate of the power generation material supplied to the reformer 202. Since the power generation material supply unit 205 has the same configuration as that of the power generation material supply unit 5 included in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the oxidant gas supply unit 206 supplies oxidant gas to the cathode 221 of the fuel cell 201, and may be configured to be able to adjust the flow rate of oxidant gas supplied to the cathode 221 of the fuel cell 201. Since the oxidant gas supply unit 206 has the same configuration as that of the oxidant gas supply unit 6 included in the fuel cell system 100 according to Embodiment 1, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the reforming water supply unit 209 supplies water (steam) used for the reforming reaction to the reformer 202, and is configured to be able to adjust the flow rate of water (steam) supplied to the reformer 202. It may be.
- the reforming water supplier 209 may be configured to include a booster and a flow rate adjustment valve, or may be configured to include only one of these. As the booster, for example, a constant displacement pump driven by a motor is used, but is not limited thereto.
- the reformed water supplied from the reformed water supply unit 209 is vaporized by the evaporator 203 and sent to the reformer 202 through the reformed water channel 213 and the combustible gas channel 211.
- the combustible gas flow path 211 is a flow path from the power generation raw material supply device 205 to the anode 220 of the fuel cell 201 through the reformer 202, and a power generation raw material or hydrogen-containing gas that is a combustible gas flows therethrough.
- the combustible gas channel 211 corresponds to a section from the power generation raw material supplier 205 to the downstream end of the anode 220 in the fuel cell 201. That is, the combustible gas channel 211 includes a channel for guiding the power generation material from the power generation material supply unit 205 to the reformer 202, and the hydrogen-containing gas generated by reforming the power generation material by the reformer 202. It is a flow path obtained by adding a flow path for guiding to the fuel cell 201.
- the oxidant gas flow path 212 is a flow path from the oxidant gas supply unit 206 to the cathode 221 of the fuel cell 201, and the oxidant gas flows therethrough. As shown in FIG. 18, the oxidant gas flow path 212 corresponds to a section from the oxidant gas supply unit 206 to the downstream end of the cathode 221 of the fuel cell 201.
- the reformed water flow path 213 is a flow path from the reformed water supply unit 209 to a merging section (not shown) on the upstream side of the reformer 202 in the flammable gas flow path 211.
- the channel 211 is connected.
- water (steam) used in the reforming reaction performed in the reformer 202 flows.
- the fuel cell 201 uses the hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) supplied from the reformer 202 through the combustible gas channel 211 and the oxidant gas supplied through the oxidant gas channel 212 to generate power.
- a solid oxide fuel cell that generates electricity by reaction can be exemplified.
- the fuel cell 201 includes an anode 220 to which a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied and a cathode 221 to which an oxidant gas is supplied, and a fuel cell single cell that generates power by performing a power generation reaction between the anode 220 and the cathode 221. Are connected in series to form a cell stack.
- the fuel cell 201 has the same configuration as the fuel cell 1 included in the fuel cell system 100 according to the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- a combustion unit 210 is provided at the rear stage of the fuel cell 201, and in this combustion unit 210, hydrogen-containing gas and oxidant gas that are unused for power generation of the fuel cell 201 are flame-combusted. It is configured.
- the flame combustion generates heat necessary for the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, and the like, and the generated combustion exhaust gas is discharged out of the system through a combustion exhaust gas channel (not shown). ing.
- a heat exchanger is provided in the middle of the combustion exhaust gas channel 214, and the oxidant gas is raised by heat exchange with the oxidant gas sent to the cathode 221. It is good also as a structure heated. With this configuration, the fuel cell system 200 can be operated with a higher energy utilization rate.
- the combustible gas passage 211 is purged using the hydrogen-containing gas obtained by reforming the power generation material in the operation stop process, and the oxidant gas is used using the oxidant gas.
- Each channel 212 is purged. Therefore, when purging is performed in the operation stop process, the hydrogen-containing gas is introduced from the anode 220 side of the fuel cell 201 and the oxidant gas is introduced from the cathode 221 side of the fuel cell 201 to the combustion unit 210. And in this combustion part 210, it is good also as a structure which ignites hydrogen containing gas and carries out a flame combustion with oxidizing gas.
- the reformer 202 generates a hydrogen-containing gas by a reforming reaction using a power generation raw material and reforming water (steam). Examples of the reforming reaction performed in the reformer 202 include a steam reforming reaction.
- the fuel cell system 200 includes an evaporator 203 that generates steam and a heater 204 that heats the evaporator 203 to a predetermined temperature when the steam reforming reaction is performed as a reforming reaction.
- the heater 204 heats the evaporator 203 until it reaches a predetermined temperature range when starting the fuel cell system 200. Further, the heater 204 heats the evaporator 203 when the temperature of the evaporator 203 becomes a predetermined temperature or lower in the operation stop process. As the heater 204, for example, an electric heater can be used.
- the evaporator 203 is heated and maintained in a predetermined temperature range by the heater 204 not only at the start of startup and when the operation is stopped, but also during the steady operation of the fuel cell system 200. Also good. Alternatively, during the steady operation of the fuel cell system 200, the heater 203 may not be activated, and the evaporator 203 may be maintained in a predetermined temperature range by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 210.
- Examples of the power generation raw material supplied to the fuel cell system 200 are the same as the power generation raw material supplied to the fuel cell system 100.
- the controller 208 controls various operations of each part of the fuel cell system 200. For example, after the power generation of the fuel cell 201 is stopped in the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 200, the controller 208 controls the power generation raw material supply unit 205 to supply the power generation raw material to the combustible gas passage 211, and the power generation raw material. As the water is replenished, the reforming water supplier 209 and the evaporator 203 are controlled so that water vapor flows into the combustible gas flow path 211 and the reformer 202 generates a hydrogen-containing gas. On the other hand, the controller 208 controls the oxidant gas supply unit 206 to supply the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas channel 212.
- the controller 208 supplies the oxidant gas so as to prevent the hydrogen-containing gas flowing through the combustible gas channel 211 from flowing into the oxidant gas channel 212 and reducing and degrading the cathode 221.
- the period during which the power generation raw material is supplied and the period during which the oxidant gas is supplied need not necessarily coincide.
- the controller 208 may be configured such that the elapsed time from when the power generation of the fuel cell 201 is stopped in the operation stop process or the elapsed time after receiving a signal indicating an operation instruction for operation stop, or the temperature of the fuel cell 201,
- the activation of the heater 204 is controlled according to the temperature of the reformer 202 or the temperature of the evaporator 203.
- the controller 208 raises the temperature of the evaporator 203 by starting the heater 204, and makes it become the temperature range which can vaporize water.
- the controller 208 is provided with a timing unit (not shown), receives time information measured by the timing unit, and gives an elapsed time from when the fuel cell 201 stops power generation or an operation instruction to stop operation. It is possible to grasp the elapsed time after receiving the signal shown.
- the fuel cell 201 has a fuel cell temperature detector T10 as a temperature detector
- the reformer 202 has a reformer temperature detector T20 as a temperature detector
- the evaporator 203 has an evaporator temperature as a temperature detector.
- Detectors T30 are provided, and the controller 208 can recognize the temperatures of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, and the evaporator 203 by receiving temperature information from each of them.
- the fuel cell temperature detector T10, the reformer temperature detector T20, and the evaporator temperature detector T30 can be configured with a thermocouple, a thermistor, or the like.
- the controller 208 includes a fuel cell temperature detector T10, a reformer temperature detector T20, and an evaporator temperature detector T30 as temperature detectors. The controller 208 may be configured to receive temperature information.
- the controller 208 only needs to have a control function, and can have the same configuration as the controller 8 according to the first embodiment.
- the storage device 207 associates a control program (not shown) executed by the arithmetic processing unit with temperature changes of the temperatures of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, and the evaporator 203 that have been examined in advance through experiments or the like.
- the table 230 is stored. This table 230 also records predetermined temperatures, which will be described later, set in the temperature fluctuation ranges of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, and the evaporator 203.
- FIGS. 19 and 20 are flowcharts showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 200 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the operation shown in the flowchart can be realized by the controller 208 reading and executing a control program (not shown) stored in the storage device 207, for example.
- an operation to stop operation is started (step S210).
- the controller 208 controls the power generation raw material supply unit 205, the reforming water supply unit 209, and the fuel cell 201 to stop the supply of the power generation raw material and the reforming water by starting the operation of stopping the operation.
- the power generation of the fuel cell 201 is stopped. That is, the controller 208 receives an operation stop operation instruction from an operator or the like via an input device (not shown) or the like, or determines that the operation is stopped based on a predetermined condition.
- the supply to the combustible gas flow path 211 is stopped, and the reforming water supplier 209 is controlled to stop the supply of the reforming water to the evaporator 203.
- the controller 208 continues supplying the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas flow path 212 for a while (for example, 5 minutes) (step S211). Then, the controller 208 determines time for supplying the oxidizing gas, the operation stop operation start to a predetermined time t 1 or from elapsed whether determined (step S212), and a predetermined time has elapsed t 1 or more Then ("YES" in step S212), the oxidant gas supply unit 206 is controlled to stop the supply of oxidant gas (step S213).
- step S210 thereby continuing the supply of the oxidizing gas from the shutdown operation is initiated at step S210 until a predetermined time t 1 has elapsed.
- t 1 a predetermined time t 1 has elapsed.
- the hydrogen-containing gas is generated in the reformer 202 and supplied to the fuel cell 201. That is, with the supply of the power generation raw material and the supply of reforming water (steam) immediately before the shutdown, hydrogen-containing gas is generated in the reformer 202 for a while after the shutdown instruction.
- the combustible gas flow path 211 has a pressure higher than that of the oxidant gas flow path 212, so that the generated hydrogen-containing gas is a combustion section 210 provided at the rear stage of the fuel cell 201. May flow into the cathode 221 side of the fuel cell 201.
- the fuel cell system 200 supplies the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas flow channel 212 until a predetermined time t 1 elapses after the operation stop operation is started. It is configured to make it.
- the predetermined time t 1 is a time during which the hydrogen-containing gas does not flow into the cathode 221 side of the fuel cell 201 after the operation stop operation is started, that is, the hydrogen-containing gas in the reformer 202 after the operation stop operation. Can be defined as the time until no longer occurs.
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T10 and the predetermined temperature T s1 .
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20 and the predetermined temperature Tr1 .
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the evaporator temperature detected by the evaporator temperature detector T30 and the predetermined temperature T e1 (step S214). That is, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between at least one of the fuel cell temperature, the reformer temperature, and the evaporator temperature and the predetermined temperature.
- the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 are configured to be heated by heat generated by the combustion of the combustible gas in the combustion unit 210 provided at the subsequent stage of the fuel cell 201. For this reason, the temperature of both the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 changes in conjunction. Further, the evaporator 203 is heated by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion unit 210 during the steady operation, and after the start of the operation for stopping the operation, the temperature is lowered similarly to the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 described above. It is supposed to be. That is, the temperature change of each of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, and the evaporator 203 is interlocked after the start of the shutdown operation.
- the storage device 207 stores a table 230 in which the temperature changes of the fuel cell temperature, the reformer temperature, and the evaporator temperature are associated with each other. Then, the controller 208 refers to the table 230, and can grasp one of the fuel cell temperature, the reformer temperature, and the evaporator temperature, thereby grasping the remaining temperature.
- the fuel cell temperature is the temperature of an arbitrary single cell constituting the fuel cell 201, but is not limited to this.
- the temperature of the combustible gas or oxidant gas flowing through the fuel cell 201 may be used.
- the predetermined temperature T s1 may be the temperature of the fuel cell 201 immediately after the start of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 200, or the temperature of the fuel cell 201 after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of the operation stop process.
- the temperature may be 480 ° C.
- the reformer temperature is the temperature of the reforming catalyst charged in the reformer 202, and the predetermined temperature T r1 can be set to 480 ° C., for example. That is, during the operation stop process, the temperature of the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 is substantially the same temperature.
- the evaporator temperature is a temperature at a predetermined position in the evaporator 203, and the predetermined temperature T e1 can be set to 180 ° C., for example.
- step S214 the controller 208 determines whether the fuel cell temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T s1 , whether the reformer temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T r1 , and the evaporator temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T e1 . If at least one of the determinations regarding whether or not there satisfies the determination condition (“YES” in step S214), the controller 208 controls the oxidant gas supply unit 206 to control the oxidant gas flow path of the oxidant gas. Supply to 212 is started (step S215).
- the controller 208 controls the reforming water supply unit 209 to start the supply of the reforming water to the reforming water channel 213 (step S216) and also controls the power generation raw material supply unit 205 to control the combustible gas flow. Supply of the power generation raw material to the path 211 is started (step S217).
- the oxidant gas flow path 212 is purged by supplying the oxidant gas, and the power generation raw material and the reforming water (steam) are supplied.
- the combustible gas passage 211 is purged with the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the vessel 202.
- each part of the fuel cell system 200 decreases with time
- the reformer water may be vaporized in the evaporator 203. It becomes difficult.
- the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 202 decreases, and the combustion of the hydrogen-containing gas in the combustion unit 210 becomes difficult. Go.
- the controller 208 detects the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T10, the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20, and the evaporator detected by the evaporator temperature detector T30. Accept at least one of the temperatures and monitor the temperature change. Then, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the fuel cell temperature and the predetermined temperature T s2 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the reformer temperature and the predetermined temperature Tr2 . Alternatively the controller 208 determines the magnitude relation between the evaporator temperature and the predetermined temperature T e2 (step S218).
- the controller 208 determines whether the fuel cell temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T s2 , whether the reformer temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T r2 , or whether the evaporator temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T e2. . If at least one of these satisfies the determination condition (“YES” in step S218), the heater 204 is operated to heat the evaporator 203 (step S219). Conversely, when the determination condition of step S218 is not satisfied, the supply of the oxidant gas, the reforming water, and the power generation raw material is continued. In addition, the case where the determination condition of step S218 is satisfied is a case where the temperature is equal to or lower than the lower limit value of the operating temperature of the evaporator 203 that can vaporize the reforming water.
- the vaporization of the reforming water is continued by heating the evaporator 203, Water vapor can be supplied to the combustible gas channel 211. Therefore, it becomes difficult to evaporate the reforming water due to the temperature of the evaporator 203 being lowered, and the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen-containing gas produced by the reformer 202 can be prevented from being lowered.
- the predetermined temperature T s2 , the predetermined temperature T r2 , and the predetermined temperature T e2 are the fuel cell temperature, the reformer temperature, and the evaporator when the evaporator 203 becomes a temperature at which the reforming water cannot be sufficiently vaporized. Temperature.
- the predetermined temperature T s2 of the fuel cell temperature can be about 300 ° C.
- the predetermined temperature T r2 of the reformer temperature is about 300 ° C.
- the predetermined temperature T e2 of the evaporator 203 is about 100 ° C. can do.
- the controller 208 receives at least one of the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T10 and the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20, and monitors the temperature change. Then, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the detected fuel cell temperature and the predetermined temperature T s3 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the detected reformer temperature and the predetermined temperature Tr3 (step S220).
- the controller 208 determines whether or not the detected fuel cell temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T s3 , and whether or not the reformer temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T r3 , and at least one of them is determined. If the condition satisfies the determination condition (“YES” in step S220), it is determined that the temperature has reached a point at which the anode 220 of the fuel cell 201 is not likely to be oxidized. Therefore, if “YES” in step S220, the controller 208 controls the power generation material supply unit 205 to stop the supply of power generation material (step S221) and also controls the reforming water supply unit 209 to perform reforming. Water supply is stopped (step S222). Furthermore, the controller 208 stops the operation of the heater 204 (step S223). It should be noted that the execution order of steps S221 to S223 is not limited to this order, and may be performed simultaneously, or the order may be changed.
- the predetermined temperature T s3 and the predetermined temperature T r3 are the fuel cell temperature and the reformer temperature at which the anode 220 of the fuel cell 201 is not likely to be oxidized.
- the predetermined temperature T s3 of the fuel cell temperature can be set to 150 ° C. to suppress oxidation due to local cell generation, and the predetermined temperature of the reformer temperature can also be set to 150 ° C.
- the fuel cell system 200 can perform the operation stop process.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 202 until the temperature of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, etc. is lowered to a temperature at which the anode 220 of the fuel cell 201 is no longer oxidized. Purge with gas. For this reason, air flows from the outside in response to a pressure drop due to gas contraction in the combustible gas flow path as the temperature of the fuel cell 201 decreases and a pressure drop in the combustible gas flow path caused by condensation of water vapor. Can be prevented. Therefore, in addition to oxidation by air downstream of the anode 220 at low temperatures, oxidation due to local cell generation upstream of the anode 220 due to intrusion of air from the downstream side of the anode 220 can be suppressed.
- the power generation raw material itself does not purge the combustible gas channel 211 using a hydrogen-containing gas, it prevents carbon from being deposited on the anode 220 and the reformer 202 of the fuel cell 201. Can do.
- the combustible gas discharged from the fuel cell 201 is burned by operating an igniter (not shown) in the combustion unit 210 during a period in which the power generation raw material and reforming water are supplied.
- it may be configured to exhaust to the outside of the system. When comprised in this way, it can prevent that combustible gas is discharged
- the oxidant gas, the reforming water, and the power generation raw material that have been supplied in steps S215, 216, and 217 may be continuously supplied until the supply is stopped in steps S221, 222, and 225, respectively. , May be supplied intermittently.
- the controller 208 receives time information from a timing unit (not shown) and supplies the oxidant gas, the reforming water, and the power generation raw material for a predetermined period.
- the reforming water supply unit 209, the power generation material supply unit 205, and the oxidant gas supply unit 206 are controlled so that the operation of stopping the supply for a predetermined period is repeated a predetermined number of times.
- the oxidant gas may be supplied intermittently as described above while continuously supplying the oxidant gas from the start in step S215 until the supply is stopped in step S225. Good.
- the electric power generation raw material consumed when implementing an operation stop process in the fuel cell system 200 can be reduced.
- the heater 204 whose operation is started in step S219 may be configured to continuously operate until the operation ends in step S223.
- the heater 204 may be configured to be ON / OFF controlled by the controller 208 so that the evaporator temperature is within a predetermined temperature range, or may be configured to be PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controlled. May be.
- the temperature detector is configured to include the fuel cell temperature detector T10, the reformer temperature detector T20, and the evaporator temperature detector T30. It is not always necessary to provide these three, and it is sufficient to provide at least one of them.
- the fuel cell system 200 may further include a desulfurizer (not shown in FIG. 18) for removing sulfur compounds contained in the power generation raw material in the combustible gas passage 211. Good.
- the desulfurizer is provided between the power generation raw material supply unit 205 and the reformer 202 in the combustible gas flow path 211.
- the desulfurizer may have the same configuration as the desulfurizer 9 provided in the fuel cell system 100 according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
- the sulfur compound contained in the power generation raw material may be artificially added to the raw material as an odorous component, or may be a natural sulfur compound derived from the raw material itself. Specifically, tertiary-butylmercaptan (TBM), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), tetrahydrothiophene (THT), carbonyl sulfide (COS), hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide), etc. Illustrated.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2 is different from the configuration of the fuel cell system 200 shown in FIG. 18 in that a purifier 231 is further provided in the combustion exhaust gas channel 214. . Further, the purifier 231 is different in that a purifier temperature detector T40 is provided. Since it becomes the same structure about other points, the same code
- a combustion exhaust gas flow path 214 through which combustible gas is combusted in the combustion part 210 and the generated combustion exhaust gas flows is provided on the downstream side of the combustion part 210.
- the combustion exhaust gas flow path 214 contains a combustible gas (hydrogen-containing gas) discharged from the fuel cell 201 and an oxidant gas. Exhaust gas circulates.
- the purifier 231 is provided in the combustion exhaust gas passage 214 and purifies the exhaust gas discharged from the fuel cell 201 flowing through the combustion exhaust gas passage 214.
- This exhaust gas is a highly flammable gas.
- the configuration of the purifier 231 is the same as that of the purifier 16 included in the fuel cell system 100 according to the third modification of the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the purifier 231 may be configured to be heated to a predetermined temperature range by the combustion exhaust gas flowing through the combustion exhaust gas passage 214 during the steady operation of the fuel cell system 200. In other words, during steady operation, the combustion exhaust gas that has passed through the purifier 231 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 200 in a state where the highly combustible gas is purified while heating the purifier 231 as described above.
- the purifier 231 is provided with the purifier temperature detector T40 as described above, and information on the temperature (purifier temperature) detected by the purifier temperature detector T40 is output to the controller 208.
- the purifier temperature detector T40 can be composed of, for example, a thermocouple or a thermistor.
- FIGS. 22 and 23 are flowcharts showing an example of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the operation shown in the flowchart can be realized by the controller 208 reading and executing a control program (not shown) stored in the storage device 207, for example.
- step S230 to step S233 the processing from step S235 to step S237, the processing from step S239, and step S241 to step S245 are described in FIGS. Since the processing from step S210 to step S213 shown, the processing from step S215 to step S217, the processing from step S219, and from step S221 to step S225 are the same, description thereof will be omitted.
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T10 and the predetermined temperature T s1 .
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20 and the predetermined temperature Tr1 .
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the evaporator temperature detected by the evaporator temperature detector T30 and the predetermined temperature Te1 .
- the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the purifier temperature detected by the purifier temperature detector T40 and the predetermined temperature Tp1 . That is, the controller 208 determines a magnitude relationship between at least one of the fuel cell temperature, the reformer temperature, the evaporator temperature, and the purifier temperature and the predetermined temperature.
- the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 are configured to be heated by heat generated by the combustion of the combustible gas in the combustion unit 210 provided at the subsequent stage of the fuel cell 201. For this reason, the temperature of both the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 changes in conjunction. Further, the evaporator 203 and the purifier 231 are heated by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion section 210 during the steady operation, and after the start of the operation stop operation, the fuel cell 201 and the reformer 202 described above are heated. Similarly, the temperature decreases. That is, after the start of the shutdown operation, the temperature changes of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, the evaporator 203, and the purifier 231 are linked.
- the table 230 stored in the storage device 207 of the fuel cell system 200 according to the first modification of the second embodiment of the present invention includes temperature fluctuations of the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, and the evaporator 203. In addition to the predetermined temperature set in the range, the predetermined temperature set in the temperature fluctuation range of the purifier 231 is recorded.
- the purifier temperature is the temperature of the purifying catalyst charged in the purifier 231, but is not limited to this.
- the predetermined temperature T p1 of the purifier 231 may be the temperature of the purifier 231 immediately after the start of the operation stop process of the fuel cell system 200, or the purifier after a predetermined time has elapsed since the start of the operation stop process.
- the temperature may be 231.
- the predetermined temperature T s1 of the fuel cell 201 is about 480 ° C.
- the predetermined temperature T p1 of the purifier 231 is, for example, about 270 ° C.
- step S234 the controller 208 determines whether the fuel cell temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T s1 , whether the reformer temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T r1 , or the evaporator temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T e1.
- the controller 208 changes the oxidant gas supply unit 206 to The supply of the oxidant gas to the oxidant gas channel 212 is started under control (step S235). Further, in steps S236 and S237, the supply of the reforming water and the power generation raw material is started, and the oxidant gas passage 212 and the combustible gas passage 211 are purged.
- each part for example, the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, the evaporator 203, and the purifier 231
- the temperature of each part for example, the fuel cell 201, the reformer 202, the evaporator 203, and the purifier 231
- the reformer water is supplied to the evaporator 203. It becomes difficult to vaporize.
- the controller 208 detects the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T10, the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20, and the evaporator temperature detected by the evaporator temperature detector T30. At least one of the purifier temperatures detected by the purifier temperature detector T40 is received and the temperature change is monitored. Then, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the fuel cell temperature and the predetermined temperature T s2 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the reformer temperature and the predetermined temperature Tr2 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the evaporator temperature and the predetermined temperature Te2 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the purifier temperature and the predetermined temperature T p2 (step S238).
- the controller 208 determines whether the fuel cell temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T s2 , whether the reformer temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T r2 , whether the evaporator temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T e2 , or purification. It is determined whether the vessel temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature Tp2 . If at least one of these satisfies the determination condition (“YES” in step S238), the heater 204 is operated to heat the evaporator 203 (step S239). On the contrary, when the condition of step S238 is not satisfied, the supply of the oxidizing gas, the reforming water, and the power generation raw material is continued.
- the vaporization of the reforming water can be continued by heating the evaporator 203, and water vapor can be supplied to the combustible gas channel 211. Therefore, it becomes difficult to evaporate the reforming water due to the temperature of the evaporator 203 being lowered, and the hydrogen concentration in the hydrogen-containing gas produced by the reformer 202 can be prevented from being lowered.
- the predetermined temperature T p2 is a purifier temperature corresponding to the evaporator temperature when the evaporator 203 reaches a temperature at which the reforming water cannot be sufficiently vaporized.
- the predetermined temperature T p2 of the purifier 231 can be about 200 ° C.
- the predetermined temperature T s2 of the fuel cell 201 corresponding to the temperature of the purifier 231 is about 300 ° C.
- the controller 208 includes the fuel cell temperature detected by the fuel cell temperature detector T10, the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20, and the purifier temperature detected by the purifier temperature detector T40. Accept at least one of them and monitor the temperature change. Then, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the detected fuel cell temperature and the predetermined temperature T s3 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the detected reformer temperature and the predetermined temperature Tr3 . Alternatively, the controller 208 determines the magnitude relationship between the detected purifier temperature and the predetermined temperature T p3 (step S240).
- the controller 208 determines whether the fuel cell temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T s3 , whether the reformer temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T r3 , and whether the purifier temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature T p3 . If at least one of these satisfies the determination condition (“YES” in step S240), it is determined that the temperature has reached a temperature at which the anode 220 of the fuel cell 201 is not likely to be oxidized. Therefore, if “YES” in step S240, the controller 208 controls the power generation material supply unit 205 to stop the supply of power generation material (step S241) and also controls the reforming water supply unit 209 to perform reforming.
- step S242 Water supply is stopped (step S242). Furthermore, the controller 208 stops the operation of the heater 204 (step S243). Note that the steps from step S241 to step S243 are not limited to this order, and may be performed at the same time, or the order may be changed.
- the predetermined temperature T p3 is a purifier temperature corresponding to the fuel cell temperature or the reformer temperature at which the anode 220 of the fuel cell 201 is no longer likely to be oxidized.
- the predetermined temperature T p3 of the purifier 231 can be set to about 120 ° C.
- the predetermined temperature T s3 of the fuel cell 201 corresponding to the temperature of the purifier 231 is about 150 ° C.
- the supply or stop of the oxidant gas, the reforming water, the power generation raw material, and the operation of the heater 204 are performed even with respect to the temperature change of the purifier temperature. It can be a start or end trigger.
- the temperature of the evaporator 203 can be maintained by operating the heater 204 so that the evaporator 203 has a temperature sufficient to vaporize the reforming water.
- a fuel cell system 200 having a configuration capable of generating a hydrogen-containing gas even when the temperature falls below the temperature range in which the reformer 202 can function will be described.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 24 is arranged upstream of the reformer 202 in the combustible gas passage 211. This is different from the reformer 202 in that a pre-reformer 232 provided separately from the reformer 202 is further provided. Since it becomes the same structure about other points, the same code
- the pre-reformer 232 reforms the power generation raw material and supplies it to the fuel cell 201, and is configured by being filled with a reforming catalyst.
- the reforming catalyst the same catalyst as that of the reformer 202 may be used as long as the reforming reaction can proceed while maintaining the optimum temperature range.
- the pre-reformer 232 is provided in the vicinity of or adjacent to the heater 204, and the temperature can be raised when the heater 204 is activated. Therefore, even when the reformer temperature detected by the reformer temperature detector T20 is, for example, 300 ° C. or less and the reforming reaction does not proceed well in the reformer 202, the heater 204
- the preliminary reformer 232 is heated up to about 500 ° C. by which the reforming reaction proceeds satisfactorily. Thereby, the hydrogen-containing gas can be generated by the reforming reaction in the pre-reformer 232.
- the controller 208 determines that the operating temperature of the evaporator 203 is equal to or lower than the lower limit value based on the detection result of the temperature detection unit, 204 can be controlled to heat the pre-reformer 232 together with the evaporator 203.
- the fuel cell system 200 includes the pre-reformer 232 that is heated by the heater 204 as described above. For this reason, even if the reforming reaction does not proceed sufficiently in the reformer 202 due to a temperature drop, the pre-reformer 232 heated by the heater 204 instead of the reformer 202 The reforming reaction can proceed to generate a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the fuel cell system 200 according to the modification 2 has a configuration in which a preliminary reformer 232 is provided on the upstream side of the reformer 202.
- the arrangement of the pre-reformer 232 is not limited to this, and the pre-reformer 232 may be configured as in a fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 3 below.
- the fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 3 has a configuration of the fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 2 in which the pre-reformer 232 includes the reformer 202 in the combustible gas channel 211.
- the configuration is arranged not on the upstream side but on the downstream side.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system 200 according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- a desulfurizer may be provided upstream of the reformer 202 in the combustible gas passage 211 to remove sulfur compounds contained in the power generation raw material. it can.
- the configuration including the deflower as described above it is possible to prevent the reforming catalyst of the reformer 202 from being poisoned by the sulfur compound contained in the power generation raw material.
- the pre-reformer is disposed in the vicinity of or adjacent to the heater 204 and downstream of the reformer 202 in the combustible gas channel 211. 232 is provided. As a result, it is possible to prevent the preliminary reformer 232 from being poisoned by the sulfur compound contained in the power generation raw material and causing deterioration in the reforming performance. Therefore, the fuel cell system 200 according to the modification 3 can improve the durability of the preliminary reformer 232 as compared with the fuel cell system 200 according to the modification 2.
- the operation stop process is performed in the same manner as the control flow of the operation stop process shown in FIGS.
- the fuel cell system 200 of the second and third modifications of the second embodiment may further include a purifier 231 and a purifier temperature detector T40, as in the fuel cell system 200 of the first modification of the second embodiment. Good.
- the control flow of the operation stop process performed in the fuel cell system 200 of the second and third modifications of the second embodiment is shown in FIGS. It becomes the same as the control flow of the operation stop process shown.
- the fuel cell system 200 according to the second and third modifications of the second embodiment further includes the pre-reformer 232 that is heated by the heater 204. For this reason, even if the reformer 202 falls below the temperature at which the reforming reaction can proceed satisfactorily due to the temperature drop after the fuel cell 201 is stopped, the preliminary reforming that has been heated by the heater 204 is performed. A reforming reaction can be performed by the mass device 232 to generate a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the solid oxide fuel cell system of the present invention can improve safety and durability, and can be widely applied in solid oxide fuel cell systems.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは「背景技術」にて記載した特許文献1に係る燃料電池システムに関して鋭意研究したところ、以下の知見を得た。
(燃料電池システムの構成)
まず、図1を参照して本発明の実施形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の構成について説明する。図1は、本発明の実施形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。なお、燃料電池システム100は燃料電池1として固体酸化物形燃料電池を備える構成を例に挙げて説明するがこれに限定されるものではない。
次に、本発明の実施形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の具体例について、図2および図3を参照して説明する。図2は、本発明の実施形態1に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、不図示の記憶部に記憶された制御プログラムを制御器8が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
(変形例1に係る燃料電池システムの運転停止工程)
上記では、水素含有ガスによるパージ時間tonおよび供給停止時間toffを監視し、水素含有ガスの供給および停止を制御する構成であったがこれに限定されるものではない。例えば、図4に示すように燃料電池1または改質器2の温度変化を監視し、水素含有ガスの供給および停止を制御する構成としてもよい。図4は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例1に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、不図示の記憶部に記憶された制御プログラムを制御器8が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
(変形例2に係る燃料電池システムの構成)
また、燃料電池システム100はさらに、脱硫器9を備え、脱硫器9に充填された脱硫触媒の温度(脱硫器温度)の変化を監視し、水素含有ガスの供給および停止を制御する構成としてもよい。以下、実施形態1の変形例2として、脱硫器温度を監視し、該脱硫器温度の上昇温度または下降温度の温度幅に応じて水素含有ガスの供給および停止を制御する構成について図5を参照して説明する。
次に、変形例2に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程について、図6、7を参照して説明する。図6は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例2に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、不図示の記憶部に記憶された制御プログラムを制御器8が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
(変形例3に係る燃料電池システムの構成)
次に、本発明の実施形態1の変形例3に係る燃料電池システム100の構成について図8を参照して説明する。図8は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例3に係る燃料電池システム100の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
次に、以下において変形例3に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程について、図9を参照して説明する。図9は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例3に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、不図示の記憶部に記憶された制御プログラムを制御器8が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
上記した実施形態1に係る燃料電池システム100では、図2に示すように水素含有ガスによる可燃性ガス流路11に対するパージ時間に基づき、水素含有ガスの供給および停止を行ったり、運転停止工程の終了を決定したりする構成であった。また、水素含有ガスを供給する際には、燃焼部3において燃料電池1から排出された水素含有ガスを、酸化剤ガス流路12に供給されている酸化剤ガスとともに火炎燃焼させる構成であった。
以下、図10、図11を参照して変形例4に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程について説明する。図10は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例4に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、不図示の記憶部に記憶された制御プログラムを制御器8が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
図12~14を参照して本発明の実施形態1の変形例5に係る燃料電池システム100について説明する。図12は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例5に係る燃料電池システム100の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図13は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例5に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。図14は、図13に示すフローチャートに従って燃料電池システム100が動作した場合における各部の時系列変化の一例を示す図である。図14では、可燃性ガス流路11における圧力変化、燃焼部3における着火/消火の状態変化、供給される水素含有ガス流量を時系列に対応づけて示している。また、水素含有ガス流量の流量変化を示すグラフにおいて、t=0で水素含有ガスを利用した可燃性ガス流路11におけるパージが開始される。また、単位時間あたりに供給される水素含有ガス流量は説明の便宜上、一定流量(QF)とする。また、この水素含有ガスの供給に応じて変化する可燃性ガス流路11の圧力を説明の便宜上、一定の圧力(N)とする。
図12に示すように変形例5に係る燃料電池システム100は図1に示す燃料電池システム100の構成においてさらに可燃性ガス流路11の圧力を検知する圧力センサPを備えた構成となっている。それ以外の部材は図1に示す燃料電池システム100の構成と同様となるため、同一部材には同じ符号を付し、その説明は省略する。
上記した構成を有する変形例5に係る燃料電池システムの運転停止工程について図13を参照して説明する。
図15~17を参照して本発明の実施形態1の変形例6に係る燃料電池システム100について説明する。図15は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例6に係る燃料電池システム100の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図16は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例6に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。図17は、図16に示すフローチャートに従って燃料電池システム100が動作した場合における各部の時系列変化の一例を示す図である。図17では、燃料電池1の単セル平均電圧の変化、燃焼部3における着火/消火の状態変化、供給される酸化剤ガスおよび水素含有ガスの流量を時系列に対応づけて示している。また、水素含有ガスの流量変化を示すグラフにおいて、t=0で水素含有ガスを利用した可燃性ガス流路11におけるパージが開始される。また、単位時間あたりに供給される水素含有ガスの流量は説明の便宜上、一定流量(QF)とする。
図15に示すように変形例6に係る燃料電池システム100は図1に示す燃料電池システム100の構成においてさらに燃料電池1の電圧を検知する電圧検知器Vを備えた構成となっている。それ以外の部材は図1に示す燃料電池システム100の構成と同様となるため、同一部材には同じ符号を付し、その説明は省略する。
上記した構成を有する変形例6に係る燃料電池システム100の運転停止工程について図16を参照して説明する。
(燃料電池システムの構成)
まず、図18を参照して本発明の実施形態2に係る燃料電池システム200の構成について説明する。図18は、本発明の実施形態2に係る燃料電池システム200の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。なお、燃料電池システム200は燃料電池201として固体酸化物形燃料電池を備える構成を例に挙げて説明するがこれに限定されるものではない。
次に、本発明の実施形態2に係る燃料電池システム200の運転停止工程の具体例について、図19、20を参照して説明する。図19、20は、本発明の実施形態2に係る燃料電池システム200の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、記憶装置207に記憶された不図示の制御プログラムを制御器208が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
(実施形態2の変形例1に係る燃料電池システムの構成)
次に、本発明の実施形態2の変形例1に係る燃料電池システム200の構成について図21を参照して説明する。図21は、本発明の実施形態2の変形例1に係る燃料電池システム200の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
次に、上記した構成を有する実施形態2の変形例1に係る燃料電池システム200の運転停止工程について図22、23を参照して説明する。図22、23は、本発明の実施形態2の変形例1に係る燃料電池システム200の運転停止工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。フローチャートに示す動作は、例えば、記憶装置207に記憶された不図示の制御プログラムを制御器208が読み出し、実行することにより実現されうる。
上記では加熱器204を動作させることで、蒸発器203が改質水を気化させるために十分な温度となるように、蒸発器203の温度を維持することができる構成であった。しかしながら、このように蒸発器203の温度を所定の温度範囲に維持することができたとしても、燃料電池201の運転停止工程における温度低下により改質器202で改質反応が良好に進行できる温度範囲よりも低下し、水素含有ガスを生成することができなくなる場合がある。
図24を参照して本発明の実施形態2の変形例2に係る燃料電池システム200の構成について説明する。図24は、本発明の実施形態2の変形例2に係る燃料電池システム200の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
なお、変形例2に係る燃料電池システム200は、改質器202の上流側に予備改質器232を備えた構成であった。しかしながら、予備改質器232の配置はこれに限定されるものではなく以下の変形例3に係る燃料電池システム200のように構成してもよい。
変形例3に係る燃料電池システム200は、図25に示すように、変形例2に係る燃料電池システム200の構成において、予備改質器232が、可燃性ガス流路211における改質器202の上流側ではなく下流側に配置した構成とする。図25は、本発明の実施形態2の変形例3に係る燃料電池システム200の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。
2 改質器
3 燃焼部
4 着火器
5 発電原料供給器
6 酸化剤ガス供給器
7 改質用材料供給器
8 制御器
9 脱硫器
10 改質用材料流路
11 可燃性ガス流路
12 酸化剤ガス流路
13 燃焼排ガス流路
14 リサイクル流路
15 加熱部
16 浄化器
20 アノード
21 カソード
100 燃料電池システム
200 燃料電池システム
201 燃料電池
202 改質器
203 蒸発器
204 加熱器
205 発電原料供給器
206 酸化剤ガス供給器
207 記憶装置
208 制御器
209 改質水供給器
210 燃焼部
211 可燃性ガス流路
212 酸化剤ガス流路
213 改質水流路
214 燃焼排ガス流路
220 アノード
221 カソード
230 テーブル
231 浄化器
232 予備改質器
P 圧力センサ
T1 燃料電池温度検知部
T2 改質器温度検知部
T3 脱硫器温度検知部
T4 浄化器温度検知部
T10 燃料電池温度検知器
T20 改質器温度検知器
T30 蒸発器温度検知器
T40 浄化器温度検知器
Claims (14)
- 固体酸化物形燃料電池と、
発電原料を改質して生成した水素含有ガスを前記固体酸化物形燃料電池のアノードに供給する改質器と、
前記改質器に前記発電原料を供給する発電原料供給器と、
前記改質器に対して、改質反応で利用する改質用の水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方を供給する改質用材料供給器と、
前記固体酸化物形燃料電池のカソードに酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、
前記固体酸化物形燃料電池から排出された排ガスに着火する着火器を有する燃焼部と、
制御器と、を備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムの運転停止工程において、前記制御器は、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を制御して前記酸化剤ガスを前記固体酸化物形燃料電池のカソードに供給させ、前記発電原料供給器および前記改質用材料供給器を制御して、前記発電原料と、前記水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方とを前記改質器に間欠的に供給させるとともに、前記燃焼部が有する前記着火器を制御して着火動作させる燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃焼部よりも下流側に設けられ、該燃焼部から排出された燃焼排ガスに含まれる可燃性ガスを浄化する浄化器と、
前記燃料電池システムの温度を検知する温度検知部として、前記浄化器の温度を検知するための浄化器温度検知部と、をさらに備え、
前記浄化器温度検知部による検知結果が所定温度未満となる場合、前記制御器は、前記着火器を制御して着火動作させる請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電原料中に含まれる硫黄化合物を除去するための脱硫器を備える請求項1または2に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記燃焼部において燃焼させた前記排ガスを流通させ、該燃焼させた排ガスの有する熱により前記脱硫器を加熱する加熱部を備える請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記脱硫器は、水素を利用して前記発電原料から硫黄化合物を除去する水添脱硫器である請求項3または4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記制御器は、前記発電原料と、前記水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方との前記改質器への間欠的な供給を、所定の時間間隔ごとに前記発電原料供給器および前記改質用材料供給器を動作させて行う、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記改質器、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池、前記脱硫器の温度はそれぞれ連動して変化しており、
前記燃料電池システムの温度を検知する温度検知部として、前記改質器の温度を検知する改質器温度検知部、前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の温度を検知する燃料電池温度検知部、および前記脱硫器の温度を検知する脱硫器温度検知部のうちのいずれか1つを少なくとも備え、
前記制御器は、前記発電原料と、前記水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方との前記改質器への間欠的な供給を、少なくとも前記改質器温度検知部、前記燃料電池温度検知部、および前記脱硫器温度検知部のいずれか1つによって検知された温度が所定の温度範囲内か否かに応じて、前記発電原料供給器および前記改質用材料供給器を制御して行う請求項3から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御器は、前記発電原料と、前記水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方との前記改質器への間欠的な供給を、少なくとも前記改質器温度検知部、前記燃料電池温度検知部、および前記脱硫器温度検知部のいずれか1つによって検知された温度の上昇値および下降値に応じて、前記発電原料供給器および前記改質用材料供給器を制御して行う請求項7に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記発電原料供給器から前記固体酸化物形燃料電池のアノードに至る流路であり、前記発電原料を含む可燃性ガスが流通する可燃性ガス流路と、
前記可燃性ガス流路に設けられ、該可燃性ガス流路内の圧力を検知する圧力センサと、を備え、
前記圧力センサの検知結果において、前記可燃性ガス流路内の圧力が負圧となった場合、前記制御器は、前記発電原料と、前記水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方との前記改質器への間欠的な供給を所定の時間間隔ごとに前記発電原料供給器および前記改質用材料供給器を動作させて行う請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の電圧を検知する電圧検知器を備え、
前記電圧検知器により検知された電圧が所定電圧以下となるたびに、前記制御器は、前記発電原料と、前記水および空気の少なくともいずれか一方とを前記改質器へ供給するように、前記発電原料供給器および前記改質用材料供給器を制御する請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記改質用材料供給器は、前記改質器に対して、改質反応で利用する改質用の水を供給する改質水供給器であって、
前記改質水供給器から前記改質器に供給される水を気化させる蒸発器と、
前記蒸発器を加熱する加熱器と、
前記酸化剤ガスが流通する、前記酸化剤ガス供給器から前記固体酸化物形燃料電池に至る流路である酸化剤ガス流路と、を備え、
前記蒸発器、前記改質器、および前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の温度はそれぞれ連動して変化しており、
前記燃料電池システムの温度を検知する温度検知部として、前記蒸発器の温度を検知する蒸発器温度検知部、前記改質器の温度を検知する改質器温度検知部、および前記固体酸化物形燃料電池の温度を検知する燃料電池温度検知部のうちのいずれか1つを少なくとも有し、
前記燃料電池システムの運転停止工程において、前記制御器は、前記発電原料供給器と前記改質水供給器とを制御して前記発電原料と水とを、前記可燃性ガス流路に流通させるとともに、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を制御して前記酸化剤ガスを、前記酸化剤ガス流路に流通させており、前記温度検知部の検知結果に基づき、前記蒸発器の動作温度が下限値以下となったと判定した場合、前記加熱器により前記蒸発器を加熱させるように制御する請求項9に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池と、
発電原料を改質して生成した水素含有ガスを前記燃料電池に供給する改質器と、
前記発電原料を前記改質器に供給する発電原料供給器と、
前記改質器における改質反応に利用する水を該改質器に供給する改質水供給器と、
前記改質水供給器から前記改質器に供給される水を気化させる蒸発器と、
前記蒸発器を加熱する加熱器と、
前記燃料電池に酸化剤ガスを供給する酸化剤ガス供給器と、
可燃性ガスである前記発電原料または前記水素含有ガスが流通する、前記発電原料供給器から前記燃料電池に至る流路である可燃性ガス流路と、
前記酸化剤ガスが流通する、前記酸化剤ガス供給器から前記燃料電池に至る流路である酸化剤ガス流路と、
連動して変化する前記蒸発器、前記改質器、前記燃料電池の温度うちの少なくともいずれか1つの温度を検知する温度検知部と、
制御器と、を備え、
前記燃料電池の運転停止工程において、前記制御器は、前記発電原料供給器と前記改質水供給器とを制御して前記発電原料と水とを、前記可燃性ガス流路に流通させるとともに、前記酸化剤ガス供給器を制御して前記酸化剤ガスを、前記酸化剤ガス流路に流通させており、前記温度検知部の検知結果に基づき、前記蒸発器の動作温度が下限値以下となったと判定した場合、前記加熱器により前記蒸発器を加熱させるように制御する燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池から排出された前記可燃性ガスと前記酸化剤ガスとを含む排気ガスを浄化する浄化器を備え、
前記温度検知部は、前記蒸発器、前記改質器、および前記燃料電池の温度に加え、これらと連動して変化する前記浄化器の温度のうちの少なくともいずれか1つの温度を検知する請求項12に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記改質器とは別体で設けられ、前記発電原料を改質し、前記燃料電池に供給する予備改質器をさらに備え、
前記制御器は、前記温度検知部の検知結果に基づき、前記蒸発器の動作温度が下限値以下となったと判定した場合、前記加熱器により前記蒸発器とともに前記予備改質器を加熱させるように制御する請求項12または13に記載の燃料電池システム。
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