WO2016075977A1 - 自己組織化ペプチド修飾キトサンナノ会合体の合成とプロテインデリバリーへの応用 - Google Patents
自己組織化ペプチド修飾キトサンナノ会合体の合成とプロテインデリバリーへの応用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/42—Proteins; Polypeptides; Degradation products thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. albumin, gelatin or zein
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
- A61K38/47—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2), e.g. cellulases, lactases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0024—Solid, semi-solid or solidifying implants, which are implanted or injected in body tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L29/049—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
- A61L29/145—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L29/00—Materials for catheters, medical tubing, cannulae, or endoscopes or for coating catheters
- A61L29/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. lubricating compositions
- A61L29/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L31/041—Mixtures of macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/145—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/20—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices containing or releasing organic materials
- A61L2300/25—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a defined sequence
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/12—Nanosized materials, e.g. nanofibres, nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes; Nanostructured surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nanogel containing a self-assembling peptide, chitosan and polyethylene glycol.
- the present invention provides a novel DDS carrier capable of maintaining protein structural stability.
- the present invention is as follows. [1] A nanogel comprising a self-assembling peptide, chitosan and polyethylene glycol, [2] The nanogel according to claim 1, wherein the self-assembling peptide is RADARADARADARADA or RADADARADARADAADAGGGC.
- the nanogel of the present invention can be supported without impairing the function of the protein and has an excellent sustained release property.
- the self-assembling peptide used in the present invention can be represented by, for example, the following four general formulas.
- ((XY) l- (ZY) m) n (I) ((YX) l- (YZ) m) n (II) ((ZY) l- (XY) m) n (III) ((YZ) l- (YX) m) n (IV) In the formulas (I) to (IV), X represents an acidic amino acid, Y represents a hydrophobic amino acid, Z represents a basic amino acid, and l, m and n are all integers (n ⁇ (l + m) ⁇ 200)).
- the N terminal may be acetylated and the C terminal may be amidated.
- the hydrophilic amino acid an acidic amino acid selected from aspartic acid and glutamic acid and a basic amino acid selected from arginine, lysine, histidine and ornithine can be used.
- alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, serine, threonine or glycine can be used.
- self-assembling peptides having repetitive sequences of arginine, alanine, aspartic acid and alanine (RADA) can be preferably used. More specifically, it is RADARADARADARADA (PuraMatrix (registered trademark)) or its terminal modified type RADADARADARADAADAGGGC (RADAGGGC).
- Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin ( ⁇ -1,4-poly-N-acetylglucosamine) and is a polysaccharide mainly having a ⁇ -1,4-polyglucosamine structure.
- the chitosan of the present invention includes a conventionally known derivative such as carboxymethyl chitosan.
- Chitosan can be prepared by any method known in the art. For example, chitosan is made by decalcifying chitin obtained from crustacean crusts such as crabs, shrimp and krill, and insect crusts such as beetles and grasshoppers, and deproteinizing chitin. It can be obtained by deacetylation by treatment (for example, caustic soda treatment).
- chitosan having various molecular weights is known.
- the molecular weight of chitosan is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably in the range of 10,000 to 300,000.
- the weight average molecular weight may be rephrased as “weight average absolute molecular weight”.
- the weight average molecular weight of chitosan can be measured by any method known in the art.
- the weight average molecular weight can be measured by a method such as gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering analysis (GPC-MALS method), vapor pressure absolute molecular weight measurement, membrane absolute molecular weight measurement.
- GPC-MALS method gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering analysis
- vapor pressure absolute molecular weight measurement membrane absolute molecular weight measurement.
- the weight average molecular weight of chitosan should just be contained in the said numerical range at least in any measuring method and measurement conditions, and does not need to be contained in the said numerical range under all the measuring methods and measuring conditions.
- the degree of deacetylation from chitin is preferably about 50%.
- the polyethylene glycol of the present invention includes a conventionally known derivative such as a multi-arm polyethylene glycol and a derivative having an amino group-reactive structure such as an aldehyde, hydroxysuccinimide ester or nitrobenzenesulfonate ester structure at the terminal.
- the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol is preferably 1000 to 20000, more preferably 1000 to 5000.
- polymer or “polymer” can be used interchangeably and refer to molecules having a structure composed of repeating monomer units, which can be obtained from a monomer having a low molecular weight.
- polymer refers to a macromolecule formed by covalently bonding a large number of atoms, such as a protein, a nucleic acid and the like, in addition to a polymer.
- the term “average degree of polymerization” refers to the average number of monomer units contained in one polymer molecule. That is, in the polymer composition, polymer molecules having different lengths are dispersed within a certain range.
- the “number average molecular weight” means the average molecular weight per molecule in the polymer composition
- the “weight average molecular weight” means the molecular weight calculated by weighting the weight.
- the ratio between the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight is referred to as the degree of dispersion, which is a measure of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer composition. The closer the degree of dispersion is to 1, the closer the average degree of polymerization in the polymer composition and the more polymer chains of the same length.
- a radical scavenger for example, a radical scavenger, a peroxide decomposer, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, a plasticizer, Additives such as flame retardants and antistatic agents can be added and used. Moreover, it can be used by mixing with polymers other than the polymer of this invention.
- a composition comprising the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention is also an object of the present invention.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention can be used alone by being dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent, or as various compositions such as being used by mixing with other polymer compounds depending on the purpose of use. Can be used.
- the medical device of this invention should just have the biodegradable nanogel of this invention in at least one part of the surface used in contact with a biological tissue or blood. That is, the composition containing the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention can be used as a surface treatment agent on the surface of a base material constituting a medical device.
- One aspect of the present invention is the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention for suppressing foreign body reaction to blood or tissue until it is decomposed when used in contact with tissue or blood in vivo. It is.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention can be preferably used for medical applications.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention can be used in an appropriate mixing ratio depending on the intended use.
- a composition having the characteristics of the present invention can be obtained.
- the ratio of the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention to 50 to 70% by weight, it is possible to obtain a composition having various characteristics while utilizing the features of the present invention.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a medical device including the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- the “medical device” includes an in-vivo implantable device such as a prosthesis and a device such as a catheter that may temporarily come into contact with a living tissue, and is not limited to those handled in vivo.
- the medical device of the present invention is a device used for medical applications having the polymer composition of the present invention on at least a part of its surface.
- the surface of the medical device referred to in the present invention refers to, for example, the surface of the material constituting the medical device that contacts blood when the medical device is used, the surface portion of the hole in the material, and the like.
- the material and shape of the base material constituting the medical device are not particularly limited, and may be any of, for example, a porous body, fiber, nonwoven fabric, particle, film, sheet, tube, hollow fiber, and powder.
- the materials include natural polymers such as Kinishiki and hemp, nylon, polyester, polyacrylonitrile, polyolefin, halogenated polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, poly (meth) acrylate, and ethylene-vinyl alcohol. Examples thereof include synthetic polymers such as polymers, butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
- metals, ceramics, composite materials thereof, and the like can be exemplified, and they may be composed of a plurality of base materials.
- the present invention is applied to at least a part of the surface in contact with blood, preferably almost the entire surface in contact with blood. Desirably, a biodegradable nanogel is provided.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention can be used as a material constituting a whole medical device used in contact with tissue or blood in a living body or a material constituting a surface portion thereof, and can be used as an implantable prosthesis or treatment.
- Instruments, extracorporeal circulation type artificial organs, surgical sutures, and catheters angiographic catheters, guide wires, PTCA catheters and other cardiovascular catheters, gastrointestinal catheters, gastrointestinal catheters, esophageal tubes and other digestive organ catheters, Tube, urinary catheter, urinary catheter such as urinary catheter), etc.
- at least part of the surface in contact with blood, preferably almost all of the surface in contact with blood is composed of the biodegradable nanogel according to the present invention It is desirable that
- the biodegradability of the biodegradable nanogel according to the present invention can be used particularly preferably for a medical device placed in the body during treatment.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention includes hemostatic agents, biological tissue adhesives, tissue regeneration repair materials, drug sustained release carriers, hybrid artificial organs such as artificial pancreas and artificial liver, artificial blood vessels, embolization materials, cells You may use for the matrix material for engineering scaffolds, etc.
- These medical devices may be further provided with surface lubricity because they can be easily inserted into blood vessels and tissues and do not damage the tissues.
- surface lubricity a method in which a water-soluble polymer is insolubilized to form a water-absorbing gel layer on the material surface is excellent. According to this method, a material surface having both biocompatibility and surface lubricity can be provided.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention itself is a material excellent in biocompatibility, but it can further carry various physiologically active substances, so that not only blood filters but also blood storage containers, blood circuits, indwelling It can be used for various medical devices such as a needle, a catheter, a guide wire, a stent, an artificial lung device, a dialysis device, and an endoscope.
- the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention may be coated on at least a part of the substrate surface constituting the blood filter.
- the polymer compound of the present invention may be coated on at least a part of the blood bag and the surface of the tube communicating with the blood bag in contact with the blood.
- blood in an extracorporeal circulation blood circuit composed of an instrument side blood circuit unit composed of a tube, an arterial filter, a centrifugal pump, a hemoconcentrator, a cardio pregear, etc., and an operative field side blood circuit unit composed of a tube, catheter, soccer, etc. At least a part of the surface in contact with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention may be coated.
- an inner needle having a sharp needle tip at a distal end, an inner needle hub installed on the proximal end side of the inner needle, a hollow outer needle into which the inner needle can be inserted, and a proximal end side of the outer needle
- An indwelling needle assembly comprising: an outer needle hub installed on the inner needle; a protector mounted on the inner needle and movable in the axial direction of the inner needle; and a connecting means for connecting the outer needle hub and the protector.
- At least a portion of the three-dimensional, blood-contacting surface may be coated with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- at least a part of the surface of the catheter that is composed of the long tube and the adapter connected to the proximal end (hand side) of the long tube may be coated with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- the surface of the guide wire that comes into contact with blood may be coated with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- stents of various shapes such as hollow tubular bodies made of metal materials or polymer materials with pores on the side, metal material wires or polymer material fibers knitted into a cylindrical shape, etc. At least a portion of the surface in contact with blood may be coated with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- the lung may be an artificial lung in which the outer surface or outer layer of the hollow fiber membrane is coated with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- a dialysate circuit including at least one dialysate container filled with dialysate and at least one drainage container for collecting dialysate, and starting from the dialysate container, or
- the end point may be a dialyzer having a liquid feeding means for feeding dialysate, and at least a part of the surface in contact with the blood may be coated with the biodegradable nanogel of the present invention.
- the sample solution is made up to 100 mL (final solvent concentration: 15 mM PBS), RADAGGGC aqueous solution (100 mL of 0.24 mg / mL added: 24 mg, maleimide group in 1.2 eq. Vs. CS) is added, and 16 at room temperature. Stir for hours (pH 6.75 during stirring). After stirring, dialysis purification was carried out for 2 days in Milli-Q using a dialysis membrane (fraction molecular weight: 12,000 to 14000). After dialysis, a white solid was obtained by freeze-drying (PEG / RADA-g-CS). As the dry sample of PEG / RADA-g-CS, only the amount necessary for IR analysis was collected. The modification rate of RADA was estimated from the quantification of the amount of peptide per sample unit weight using a micro BCA assay. In subsequent experiments, an aqueous PEG / RADA-g-CS solution concentrated to the target concentration was used.
- CD spectrum measurement confirmed the negative cotton effect derived from the ⁇ -sheet structure of RADA in PEG / RADA-g-CS (Table 3).
- the formation of a RADA ⁇ sheet structure in PEG / RADA-g-CS was also confirmed from fluorescence measurements (Table 3).
- RADA pre-coated FITC-BSA was prepared by the above operation. Using RADA16, a sample physically coated with FITC-BSA is used to target disulfide bonds (chemical modification to FITC-BSA) with thiols in Cys residues present in FITC-BSA using RADAGGGC Two types of samples were prepared. FITC-BSA has 35 Cys residues in the molecule, and one of them is a free Cys that is not involved in the intramolecular disulfide bond. Therefore, RADAGGGC was added to form a disulfide bond with Cys. .
- the molecular recognition function by RADA modification was evaluated using an ELISA assay. It is the ELISA quantification result using untreated albumin as a control. In both RADA16 and RADAGGGC albumin treatments, the ELISA quantification results were comparable to the control, so a RADA precoat without protein structural variation was achieved, and even in nanogel encapsulation by this method, there was no protein structural variation Encapsulation can be achieved (FIGS. 5 and 6).
- FITC aqueous solution (1.41 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 mol, 0.55 mg, molar equivalent of 0.4 eq. Vs. lysozyme) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Then, after dialysis in PBS for 2 days, solvent exchange was not performed overnight (3 days total dialysis), and it was confirmed by UV spectrum measurement that FITC-derived absorption was not observed in the dialysis membrane liquid. After completion of dialysis, filtration was performed using a syringe filter having a pore diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m in order to remove insolubilized substances in the dialysis membrane fluid. After filtration, the concentrations of FITC and lysozyme were quantified (see below for details), and the recovered solution was diluted with PBS to the working concentration of 0.5 mg / mL.
- a UV spectrum of FITC in PBS [0/5/10/25/50 ( ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 M)] was measured, and a calibration curve was prepared from the absorbance at 495 nm.
- the UV spectrum of the sample diluted 10 times with PBS was measured so that the absorbance of the sample solution was within the measurable range. 3.
- step B The calibration curve prepared in step B and the BCA assay of the sample solution were performed according to the kit procedure.
- C Determination of concentrations of FITC and lysozyme
- the FITC concentration in the sample solution was calculated from the absorbance at 495 nm of the sample solution obtained by the experiment of (A) using a calibration curve. 2.
- FITC responds to the BCA assay. Therefore, in the calibration curve of FITC in (B), the absorbance corresponding to the FITC concentration calculated in (A) was subtracted as the background. The concentration was determined from the calibration curve of lysozyme.
- CD spectrum measurement was performed on the FITC-unmodified lysozyme solution having the same concentration as the sample solution whose lysozyme concentration was calculated by the above procedure (in this measurement, the lysozyme concentration was adjusted to 0.05 mg / mL).
- RADAGGGC 0.5 mL of Milli-Q aqueous solution, 1, 5, 10 eq. Vs. FITC-lysozyme
- FITC-lysozyme 0.5 mg / mL, 2.0 mL in 2 ⁇ PBS
- FITC-lysozyme 0.5 mg / mL, 2.0 mL in 2 ⁇ PBS
- RADAGGGC pre-coated FITC-lysozyme sample without performing a purification operation except for unreacted RADAGGGC.
- RADA16 without terminal modification was also mixed and stirred with FITC-lysozyme using the same weight ratio and operation.
- Addition equivalent means the molar amount of RADA added to 1 mol of lysozyme.
- RADA pre-coated FITC-lysozyme was prepared by the above operation. Samples physically coated with FITC-lysozyme using RADA16 and disulfide bonds with thiols in the Cys residues present in FITC-lysozyme (chemical modification to FITC-lysozyme) are targeted using RADAGGGC Two types of samples were prepared. FITC-lysozyme has 8 Cys residues in the molecule, all of which are involved in the intramolecular disulfide bond, so there is no free Cys, but in the Cys residue forming the disulfide bond Pre-coating was performed with the aim of binding RADAGGGC to lysozyme through an exchange reaction.
- Lysozyme lytic activity evaluation (Davies, R. C. et al. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968, 178, 294-503) 1. To a black cell having an optical path length of 1 cm, 666 ⁇ L of Micrococcus solution (150 ⁇ g / mL) and 234 ⁇ L of 1 ⁇ PBS were added. 2. A 100 ⁇ L lysozyme sample solution prepared separately was added thereto. The peptide pre-coated lysozyme sample was prepared by mixing lysozyme and peptide solution and then reacting in the dark for 16 hours, and then used for subsequent lytic activity evaluation. 3.
- FIG. 12 shows the lytic activity of peptide-coated lysozyme when the lytic activity of lysozyme is 1. It was confirmed that inactivation of lysozyme by precoat was stably maintained for both RADA16 and RADAGGGC. As a result, it was suggested that the peptide coat for the protein can be supported in the nanogel stably and with high efficiency while maintaining the activity of the protein.
- the nanogel of the present invention is useful for protein delivery.
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Abstract
Description
[1]自己組織化ペプチド、キトサン及びポリエチレングリコールを含む、ナノゲル、
[2]自己組織化ペプチドが、RADARADARADARADA又はRADARADARADARADAGGGCである、請求項1に記載のナノゲル。
((XY)l-(ZY)m)n (I)
((YX)l-(YZ)m)n (II)
((ZY)l-(XY)m)n (III)
((YZ)l-(YX)m)n (IV)
(式(I)~(IV)中、Xは酸性アミノ酸、Yは疎水性アミノ酸、Zは塩基性アミノ酸を表し、l、mおよびnは共に整数(n×(l+m)<200)である。)
また、そのN末端はアセチル化されていてもよく、C末端はアミド化されていてもよい。
ここで、親水性アミノ酸としては、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸から選択される酸性アミノ酸およびアルギニン、リジン、ヒスチジン、オルニチンから選択される塩基性アミノ酸を使用することができる。疎水性アミノ酸としては、アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、チロシン、トリプトファン、セリン、スレオニンまたはグリシンを使用することができる。
これらの自己組織化ペプチドの中でも、アルギニン、アラニン、アスパラギン酸およびアラニン(RADA)の繰り返し配列を有する自己組織化ペプチドを好ましく使用することができる。より具体的には、RADARADARADARADA(PuraMatrix(登録商標))又はその末端改変型であるRADARADARADARADAGGGC(RADAGGGC)である。
キトサンは、当該分野で公知の任意の方法により調製され得る。たとえば、キトサンは、カニ、エビ、オキアミなどの甲殻類の甲皮や、カブトムシ、バッタなどの昆虫類の甲皮などの原材料を脱カルシウム処理し、除タンパク処理をして得られるキチンを、アルカリ処理(例えば、苛性ソーダ処理)で脱アセチル化することなどによって得ることができる。また、キトサンの原材料としては、上述の甲皮等に代えて、キノコ類、微生物、イカの中骨等を用いてもよい。
キトサンとしては、種々の分子量のものが知られている。本発明の水性組成物において、キトサンの分子量は特に限定されるものではないが、重量平均分子量が1000~1000000の範囲にあることが好ましく、10000~300000の範囲にあることがより好ましい。重量平均分子量は、「重量平均絶対分子量」と言い換えてもよい。
キトサンの重量平均分子量は、当該分野で公知の任意の方法で測定することができる。例えば、重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー-多角度レーザー光散乱分析法(GPC-MALS法)、蒸気圧式絶対分子量測定、メンブレン式絶対分子量測定などの方法によって測定可能である。キトサンの重量平均分子量は、少なくとも、いずれかの測定方法及び測定条件において前記数値範囲内に含まれればよく、全ての測定方法及び測定条件下で前記数値範囲内に含まれる必要はない。
本発明の水性組成物に含まれるキトサンにおいて、キチンからの脱アセチル化の程度は、好ましくは50%程度である。
ピーク分子量が既知の標準ポリスチレンを用い、該標準ポリスチレンで校正したゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)(東ソー社製「TOSO HLC-8320GPC」、カラム構成:TSKguardcolumn SuperMP(HZ)-M, TSKgel SuperMultiporeHZ-M 4本直列)を使用して、重合体の数平均分子量(Mn)及び重量平均分子量(Mw)を測定した。(溶媒:THF、温度:40℃、流量:0.35 mL/min)。
上記の方法で求めた重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量(Mn)の値を用い、その比(Mw/Mn)として求めた。
ポリマーの構造解析については、NMR測定装置(Bruker製、400MHz)を用い、1H-NMR測定及び13C-NMR測定を行った。なお、ケミカルシフトはCDCl3(1H:7.26ppm、13C:77.1ppm)を基準とした。
α-アセタール-ω-ヒドロキシロイル-PEG(Mn=5,300,545mg)をTHF 2.5mLに溶解させ、1N HCl 2.5mLを添加し、室温で1時間撹拌した。その後、水洗しておいたクロロホルムで抽出し、飽和食塩水で洗浄、硫酸ナトリウムで脱水後、ジエチルエーテルで再沈した。ベンゼンを用いたフリーズドライにより白色の固体(CHO-PEG-OH)を得た(収量:422mg(回収率:77%)1H-NMR(400MHz,CHLOROFORM-d,基準ピーク:下線部)δ:9.78-9.83(2),3.54-3.80(1))。
キトサン(CS、(甲陽ケミカル、DAC50、Lot:981028、Mw=234,000、Mn=93,000、Mw/Mn=2.5、脱アセチル化度=54%),80mg,アミノ基2.38×10-4mol[脱アセチル化度より質量当たりのアミノ基量を算出])をMilli-Q水8mLに溶解させ、0.1N NaOH(約350μL)を添加してpHを6.5に調整した。そこへ粉末のCHO-PEG-OH(410mg,アルデヒド基4.76×10-5mol[アルデヒド化率60%より算出],0.2eq.vs.CS中のアミノ基)を加え、常温で1時間撹拌した。その後、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム(29mg,10eq.vs.アルデヒド基)を添加し24時間常温で撹拌した。得られた溶液を水に対して1日間透析(分画分子量:12000~14000)し、凍結乾燥により白色の固体(PEG-g-CS)を得た。(収量:435mg(回収率:89%)1H-NMR(400MHz,DEUTERIUM OXIDE,基準ピーク:下線部)δ:2.83-3.00(1),2.67-2.82(2))。
なお、キトサン(甲陽ケミカル、DAC50HCl、Lot:107311、Mw=1,046,000、Mn=157,000、Mw/Mn=6.7、脱アセチル化度=47%)を用いたときは、ナノゲルの形成は困難であった。
PEG-g-CS 50mg(残存するアミノ基1.87×10-5mol)を10mLのMilli-Q水に溶解させた。そこへ0.1N NaOH(約35μL)を加え、溶液のpHを7.43に調整した。別途用意した6-マレイミドヘキサン酸N-スクシンイミジル(HL;Hetero Linker)のdry DMSO溶液(12.0mg,3.74×10-5mol,2.0eq.vs.CS中のアミノ基)を添加し、室温で3時間撹拌した(PEG/HL-g-CS)。撹拌後、透析膜(分画分子量12000~14000)を用いてMilli-Q中で4時間透析精製を行った。構造解析のため、サンプルの一部を凍結乾燥により粉体回収した。1H-NMRよりマレイミド修飾率を測定した(1H-NMR(400MHz,DEUTERIUM OXIDE,基準ピーク:下線部)δ:6.94-7.04(3),2.86-3.02(1),2.75-2.86(2))。
PEG/RADA-g-CSの構造である。「Grafted degree」は、キトサンのアミノ基に対してPEG及びRADAがどの程度修飾されたかの割合を示す。このとき、キトサン中のアミノ基の量は、脱アセチル化度を元に定義している。すなわち、脱アセチル化を考慮したアミノ基が全て修飾されると、54%になる。
PEGは、1H-NMR解析から算出した。HL(Hetero Linker)は、6-マレイミドヘキサン酸N-スクシンイミジルの略称であり、キトサン骨格にマレイミド基を修飾するための低分子である。マレイミド基の修飾率も、1H-NMR解析から算出した。次に、RADAGGGCのシステインをターゲットに、マレイミド基と反応させることで、キトサンをRADAGGGCで修飾した。RADA修飾後の定量解析には、マイクロBCAアッセイを用いた。
FITC-BSAは、66kDaであり、その構造内に35のCys残基を有し、その中の34のCys残基は、-S=S-を形成している。
FITC-ライソザイムの合成(Robeson, J, L. et al. Langmuir. 1996, 12, 6104-6113、Takano, M. et al. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2004, 502, 149-155)
ライソザイム50mg(3.57×10-6mol)をpH9.2の100mMホウ酸緩衝液(ホウ酸溶液に1M NaOHを添加することでpHを調整した(ホウ酸終濃度100mM))30mLに溶解させ、そこへ1.0mg/mLのFITC水溶液を550μL(1.41×10-6mol,0.55mg,モル等量で0.4eq.vs.ライソザイム)添加し、室温で1時間撹拌した。その後、PBS中で2日間透析を行った後、溶媒交換を一晩行わず(透析通算3日間)透析膜外液にFITC由来の吸収が見られないことをUVスペクトル測定により確認した。透析終了後、透析膜内液の不溶化物を取り除くために孔径1.0μmのシリンジフィルターを用いてろ過を行った。ろ過後、FITC、ライソザイムそれぞれの濃度を定量し(詳細は下記参照)、回収溶液を使用濃度である0.5 mg/mLまでPBSを用いて希釈した。
FITCの定量については、時間経過や溶媒種によって蛍光強度は変動が大きく定量性を欠くため、吸光度測定を利用した。
(A)FITC-ライソザイム中のFITC定量~UVスペクトル測定~
1.FITCの定量を行うため、FITCのPBS溶液[0/5/10/25/50(×10-6M)]のUVスペクトル測定を行い、495nmにおける吸光度から検量線を作成した。
2.サンプル溶液の吸光度が測定可能領域に入るよう、PBSで10倍希釈したサンプルのUVスペクトルを測定した。
3.サンプル溶液の495nmにおける吸光度から、1.で作成した検量線を使用して、サンプル溶液中のFITC濃度を算出した。
(B)FITC-ライソザイム中のライソザイム定量~BCAアッセイ~
1.検量線としてライソザイムのPBS溶液を調製した [0/0.25/0.50/0.75/1.0/1.5/2.0(mg/mL)]。
2.FITCがBCAアッセイの妨害物質にならないかを確認するため、FITCのPBS溶液を調製した[0/10/25/50/100(μg/mL)]。
3.上記の1..2.で調製した検量線及び、サンプル溶液のBCAアッセイをキットの手順に則り行った。
(C)FITC,ライソザイムそれぞれの濃度決定
1.FITCについては(A)の実験により得られたサンプル溶液の495nmにおける吸光度から、検量線を使用してsample溶液中のFITC濃度を算出した。
2.ライソザイムについては、(B)よりFITCがBCAアッセイに反応することが分かったため、(B)のFITCの検量線において、(A)で算出されたFITC濃度に相当する吸光度をバックグラウンドとして差し引いたうえでライソザイムの検量線から濃度を決定した。
上記の操作によってライソザイム濃度を算出されたサンプル溶液と同濃度のFITC未修飾ライソザイム溶液についてCDスペクトル測定を行った(本測定ではライソザイム濃度を0.05mg/mLに調整)。
CDスペクトル測定条件
開始波長:300 nm
終了波長:205 nm
積算回数:3回
データ間隔:0.5 nm
レスポンス:1 sec
バンド幅:1.0 nm
光路長:1 cm
感度:50 mdeg
操作感度:200 nm/min
FITCの吸光度から検量線を使い、合成したFITC-ライソザイムを会合体への担持・徐放評価を行った。
FITC-ライソザイムは、14kDaであり、その構造内に8つのCys残基を有し、その全てが-S=S-を形成している。
2.予めRADA16、RADAGGGCでプレコートを行ったFITC-BSA(RADAのプレコート添加当量:1,5,10eq.vs.FITC-ライソザイム)及びプレコートを行っていないFITC-ライソザイムを、FITC-ライソザイム濃度が0.4mg/mLになるよう調整した(溶媒終濃度:1.6×PBS)。
3.上記1,2それぞれの溶液をマイクロチューブ中に750μLずつ等量添加・混合し、30分間バスソニケーターを用いて超音波を当てた。(内包時濃度…PEG/RADA-g-CS:1.0mg/mL,FITC-ライソザイム:200μg/mL)
4.超音波終了後、うち1mLを100,000rpm,30分間遠心し、上澄みの溶液を取れる限り全量分取した。
5.上澄みのサンプルをそれぞれ96ウェルプレートに100μL添加し、マイクロプレートリーダーを用いて吸光度を測定した。[観測波長:494nm]
6.RADA未プレコートFITC-ライソザイム、及び、RADA16、RADAGGGCを10等量プレコートしたFITC-ライソザイムの3サンプルについては、徐放挙動を測定するため、それぞれの遠心管に新たなPBS、または会合体の崩壊を加速させることが既知である1M NaOHを300μL添加した。
7.一定時間ごとに、溶媒に放出されるFITC-ライソザイムの吸光度を測定した(96ウェルプレートに100μL添加、494nmにおける吸光度を測定し、測定後使用した100μLのサンプルは遠心管に全量戻した。)。
まず担持量について考察する。RADAをプレコートしていないフリーFITC-ライソザイムと比較した際、RADAをプレコートしたサンプルにおいて担持量の向上が観測された。また、この担持量向上のライソザイムは、RADAの添加当量を上げることでさらに向上可能であるということが分かった。さらに2種のRADAにおいて比較すると、FITC-ライソザイムへの物理的被覆であるRADA16より、FITC-ライソザイムへのジスルフィド結合という化学修飾が示唆されるRADAGGGCにおいてより担持量が向上するという結果が得られた。この結果は、FITC-ライソザイムをRADAでプレコートするという手法によって、PEG/RADA-g-CS会合体のRADAコアへと分子間βシート構造形成を介し、効率的に担持されたためであると考えられる。以上の結果は、先に行ったFITC-BSAと同様の傾向を示すものであり、これによりRADAプレコート手法が種々のタンパク質の担持量向上において適用可能であることが示唆された。
Micrococcus溶液の調製
1×PBS*を用いてMicrococcus(Micrococcus lysodeikticus ATCC No.4698)150μg/mL溶液を調製した。終濃度が100μg/mLとなるようにPBSで希釈し、光路長1cmのセルを用いて溶液のUVスペクトルを測定し、450nmにおける吸光度が0.6-0.7になっていることを確認した。Micrococcusを用いたライソザイムの溶菌活性では、終濃度が100μg/mLを採用することとした。
*1×PBS…137mM NaCl,2.7mM KCl,8.0mM Na2HPO4・12H2O,1.5mM KH2PO4
1.光路長1cmのブラックセルに666μLのMicrococcus溶液(150μg/mL)と1xPBS 234μLを添加した。
2.そこへ別途調製した100μLのライソザイムサンプル溶液を添加した。なお、ペプチドプレコートライソザイムサンプルは、ライソザイムとペプチド溶液を混合後、暗所で16時間反応させることで調製した後、引き続く溶菌活性評価に用いた。
3.ライソザイムサンプルを添加後、素早く10回ピペッティングした後、直ちに測定を開始し、450nmにおける吸光度をモニターした。
4.開始直後から60秒後までの450nmの吸光度の減少速度を直線近似の傾きから算出し、ライソザイムの溶菌活性とした。
5.ペプチドを添加しないライソザイムの活性を1とした場合のペプチドプレコートサンプル(プレコート条件は,ライソザイム:RADA又はGGGC-RADA=1:1,1:10,1:100の3種)の溶菌活性を比較することで、ペプチドコートによるライソザイムの溶菌活性残存率を算出した。ここで、サンプルの総体積は1000μLとし、終濃度はそれぞれMicrococcus;100μg/mL,ライソザイム;6μg/mLに統一した。
Claims (2)
- 自己組織化ペプチド、キトサン及びポリエチレングリコールを含む、ナノゲル。
- 自己組織化ペプチドが、RADARADARADARADA又はRADARADARADARADAGGGCである、請求項1に記載のナノゲル。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109464702A (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-15 | 浙江瑞谷生物科技有限公司 | 含bmp-2的牙槽骨修复材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN109464702B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-02-26 | 浙江瑞谷生物科技有限公司 | 含bmp-2的牙槽骨修复材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL3219330T3 (pl) | 2020-07-13 |
PT3219330T (pt) | 2020-01-17 |
EP3219330B1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
EP3219330A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
DK3219330T3 (da) | 2020-01-27 |
EP3219330A4 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
ES2765630T3 (es) | 2020-06-10 |
US20170312370A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
US10596265B2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
JPWO2016075977A1 (ja) | 2017-08-24 |
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