WO2016068212A1 - スピンドル装置及び工作機械主軸用スピンドル - Google Patents
スピンドル装置及び工作機械主軸用スピンドル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068212A1 WO2016068212A1 PCT/JP2015/080455 JP2015080455W WO2016068212A1 WO 2016068212 A1 WO2016068212 A1 WO 2016068212A1 JP 2015080455 W JP2015080455 W JP 2015080455W WO 2016068212 A1 WO2016068212 A1 WO 2016068212A1
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- lubricant
- wax
- spindle
- rolling bearing
- semi
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/02—Natural products
- C10M159/06—Waxes, e.g. ozocerite, ceresine, petrolatum, slack-wax
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N11/00—Arrangements for supplying grease from a stationary reservoir or the equivalent in or on the machine or member to be lubricated; Grease cups
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16N—LUBRICATING
- F16N39/00—Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system
- F16N39/02—Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system by cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/02—Bearings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spindle device that supplies a predetermined amount of lubricant intermittently or continuously to a rolling bearing for supporting a main shaft.
- the present invention also relates to a machine tool spindle supporting spindle comprising the spindle device.
- a spindle 1 is rotatably supported by a rolling bearing 2 inside a housing 101. Further, as described in Patent Document 1, for example, a constant amount of grease composition is periodically supplied to the rolling bearing 2 through the supply pipe 4 from the lubricant supply device 3, and the lubrication of the rolling bearing 2 is maintained for a long period of time. It is widely done.
- the grease composition supplied to the rolling bearing 2 is extremely small, the grease composition having a low consistency and a relatively hard grease may have a long piping path of the supply pipe 4 or bend in the middle. When there are several portions bent at a right angle, it is considerably difficult to stably supply a small amount of a grease composition to the rolling bearing 2 due to pipe resistance.
- the thickener separates from the base oil due to the pressure repeatedly applied during pumping and hardens or solidifies as a whole grease, clogging in the piping, resulting in a constant grease composition. It becomes even more difficult to supply a stable amount.
- the present invention provides a stable supply of lubricant from the lubricant supply device to the rolling bearing without the problem that the thickener separates from the base oil and hardens or solidifies like the grease composition and hardens or solidifies.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a long-life spindle device.
- the housing has a rolling bearing and a main shaft rotatably supported by the rolling bearing, and a predetermined amount of lubricant is intermittently supplied to the rolling bearing through a supply pipe from a lubricant supply device.
- the lubricant includes lubricating oil and wax, and a liquid state when the liquefaction point is exceeded at a predetermined liquefaction point within a temperature range of 10 to 70 ° C., and the liquefaction It is possible to change between the semi-solid state below the point and transport the lubricant in a semi-solid state from the lubricant supply device in the semi-solid state and change it into a liquid state immediately before the rolling bearing.
- a spindle apparatus characterized by flowing into a bearing.
- a cooling mechanism is installed on at least one of an outer ring of the rolling bearing and an outer side of the main shaft to cool the rolling bearing, and the supply pipe is piped close to the cooling mechanism, and the lubricant
- the spindle device according to (1) above wherein the spindle device is transported while maintaining a semi-solid state immediately before flowing into the rolling bearing.
- the spindle device according to (4) wherein the lubricant received in the receiving portion is cooled and changed to a semi-solid state and then collected by the lubricant supply device.
- (6) A spindle for a machine tool spindle using the spindle device described in any one of (1) to (5) above.
- the “lubricant” according to claim 1 refers to a lubricant containing lubricating oil and wax, and “liquefaction point” refers to the wax-based lubricant from a semi-solid state to a liquid state, Or the temperature when changing from a liquid state to a semi-solid state.
- the “liquefaction point” is in accordance with, for example, the regulations on dangerous goods regulations in Japan, Chapter 12 Miscellaneous Article 69-2 (Definition of liquid).
- the lubricant is referred to as “wax-based lubricant”.
- the wax-based lubricant used in the present invention does not contain a thickener, and the thickener does not solidify and does not hinder the supply from the lubricant supply device to the rolling bearing. Therefore, in the spindle device of the present invention, the wax-based lubricant is stably supplied for a long period of time as compared with the grease supply method. Thereby, a long-life spindle apparatus can be constructed.
- the spindle device 100 of the present invention may have the same structure as that of a conventional grease supply type spindle device, but is characterized in that a wax-based lubricant is supplied instead of the grease composition and lubrication is performed.
- the spindle apparatus 100 supports the main shaft 1 with a plurality of rolling bearings 2 and 2 inside a housing 101.
- the lubricant supply device 3 installed outside the housing 101 supplies a wax-based lubricant to each rolling bearing 2 in a predetermined amount, intermittently or continuously through the supply pipe 4 instead of the grease composition.
- the above configuration is the basic structure of the spindle device 100.
- the supply pipe 4 is branched and the tip thereof is connected to a supply port provided in the outer ring 2 a of each rolling bearing 2, and the wax-based lubricant is evenly applied to each rolling bearing 2. Supplied.
- ⁇ Wax lubricants contain lubricating oil and wax as basic components.
- the wax is solidified or semi-solidified at a temperature lower than the melting point thereof, becomes liquid at a temperature higher than the melting point, and has fluidity.
- the wax-based lubricant of the present invention is a mixture of lubricating oil (liquid) and wax (semi-solid) (corresponding to a dilute solution obtained by adding lubricating oil (dilute liquid) to wax (solute)). Therefore, the wax-based lubricant changes from a semisolid state to a liquid state at a temperature lower than the melting point of the wax.
- the temperature at which the semi-solid state changes to a liquid state (hereinafter referred to as “liquefaction point”) is closely related to the melting point of the wax contained and the mixing ratio with the lubricating oil. That is, since “the melting point of the wax> the liquefaction point”, the liquefaction temperature can be controlled to a predetermined temperature below the melting point of the wax by the mixing ratio of the wax and the lubricating oil contained. Specifically, the temperature difference between the liquefaction point and the melting point of the wax can be set to about 10 to 30 ° C. depending on the types of the lubricating oil and the wax and the mixing ratio of the two. Further, by adjusting the type of wax contained, the mixing ratio with the lubricating oil, and the like, it can be reversibly changed between a liquid state and a semi-solid state according to the temperature.
- the wax-based lubricant in the present invention has a lubricating oil and a wax as basic components and has a liquefaction point at a predetermined temperature within a temperature range of 10 to 70 ° C. as a boundary. What is necessary is just to be able to change between a liquid state and a semi-solid state below the liquefaction point.
- the wax-based lubricant is adjusted so as to reversibly change between a liquid state and a semi-solidified state with the liquefaction point as a boundary.
- the lubricating oil there is no limitation on the lubricating oil and wax.
- various lubricating oils conventionally used for bearing lubrication can be used, and paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils, or synthetic oils such as ester oils, hydrocarbon oils and ether oils are used. It is also possible to use a mixture of a plurality of types.
- the viscosity may be in a general range, but considering the lubricity of the rolling bearing 2, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is 5 to 200 mm 2 / s, and it is desired to achieve both low temperature rise characteristics and seizure resistance. Is preferably 10 to 130 mm 2 / s (40 ° C.).
- the wax may be either natural wax or synthetic wax, and preferably has high compatibility with the lubricating oil.
- Natural waxes include animal / plant waxes, mineral waxes, and petroleum waxes.
- Synthetic waxes include Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, oil-based synthetic waxes (esters, ketones, amides), hydrogenated waxes, and the like. It is also possible to use a mixture of a plurality of types. However, since the temperature at which the wax-based lubricant reversibly changes between a liquid state and a semi-solid state is substantially determined by the melting point of the wax, the wax exemplified above is used so that the liquefaction point is 10 to 70 ° C.
- the lubricating oil and the wax are prepared at an appropriate mixing ratio.
- the mixing ratio of the lubricating oil and the wax is preferably 10 to 40% by mass of the wax and 90 to 60% by mass of the lubricating oil with respect to the total amount of both.
- the mixing ratio of the wax increases, the fluidity when the wax-based lubricant is in a semi-solid state deteriorates, and when it exceeds 40% by mass, the dischargeability from the lubricant supply device 3 and the transportability of the supply pipe 4 deteriorate. Further, the transportability when discharged after lubrication described later is also deteriorated.
- the mixing ratio of the wax is 10% by mass or more and less than 20% by mass, and the mixing ratio of the lubricating oil is 90% by mass or less and more than 80% by mass.
- the wax may be added as an oiliness improver for lubricating oil or grease.
- the amount of wax added is larger than the general additive amount as described above. Therefore, the semi-solid property (function as a thickener) equivalent to that of grease is retained.
- the microcrystalline wax has a melting point of 67 to 98 ° C.
- the wax-based lubricant mixed with the lubricating oil in the above mixing ratio has a liquefaction point of 35 to 50 ° C. within a predetermined temperature range.
- Can be set to Paraffin wax has a melting point of 47 to 69 ° C., but the wax-based lubricant mixed with the lubricating oil at the above mixing ratio should set the liquefaction point to a predetermined temperature in the range of 20 to 35 ° C. Can do.
- additives can be added to the wax-based lubricant depending on the purpose.
- an appropriate amount of a known antioxidant, rust inhibitor, extreme pressure agent or the like can be added.
- a wax-based lubricant To prepare a wax-based lubricant, heat the wax to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point to make it liquid, add a lubricating oil or a lubricating oil to which an additive has been added thereto, thoroughly mix, and then a temperature below the melting point of the wax. What is necessary is just to cool to (usually below a liquefaction point).
- the lubricating oil or lubricating oil added with additives and solid wax are placed in a suitable container, and the whole is heated and mixed to a temperature above the melting point of the wax and then cooled to a temperature below the liquefaction point. May be.
- the wax-based lubricant does not contain a thickening agent like the grease G, and has a feature that it does not solidify even when a certain pressure is applied.
- Lubricant supply device 3 stores the wax-based lubricant in a semi-solid state without heating, and discharges a predetermined amount to the supply pipe 4 in a semi-solid state.
- a conventional lubricant supply device for a grease composition can be used as it is, Can circulate through the supply pipe 4 even in a semi-solid state.
- the wax-based lubricant from the lubricant supply device 3 In order to supply the wax-based lubricant from the lubricant supply device 3 to the inside of the rolling bearing 2, it is necessary to cause the liquid wax-based lubricant to flow through a supply port provided in the outer ring 2a of the rolling bearing 2. As described above, the wax-based lubricant from the lubricant supply device 3 circulates inside the supply pipe 4 in a semi-solid state. However, during the operation of the spindle device 100, the rolling bearing 2 is at a high temperature. As described above, by setting the liquefaction point to 10 to 70 ° C., the vicinity of the tip of the supply pipe 4 connected to the supply port of the outer ring 2a. Is sufficiently higher than the liquefaction point, and the wax-based lubricant changes into a liquid state and easily flows into the bearing while passing through this portion.
- the wax-based lubricant is in a liquid state, but does not contain a thickener, and both the lubricating oil and the wax are lubricating components, so that the ratio of the base oil in the grease composition has increased.
- the lubricating performance is higher than that of the grease composition. Therefore, the amount of replenishment per one time can be reduced and the replenishment interval can be increased, so that the consumption amount of the wax-based lubricant can be reduced, the number of replenishments to the lubricant supply device 3 is reduced, and the operation of the spindle device 100 is reduced. Cost can be reduced.
- the ball rotates with the contact angle line as the equator.
- the ball exhibits a pumping effect, and an air flow is generated in the space in which the lubricant is enclosed. Therefore, by using a wax-based lubricant having good fluidity, it is possible to prevent the lubricant from staying in the bearing and to prevent the temperature of the bearing from rising.
- the wax-based lubricant is discharged into the lubricant storage groove (receiving portion) 9 provided beside the rolling bearing 2 by the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the spacer 7. Since the lubricant storage groove 9 is outside the rolling bearing 2, the temperature is lower than the inside of the bearing, and the discharged wax-based lubricant changes to a semi-solid state again by adopting a reversible change type. The wax-based lubricant changed to a semi-solid state is sent to the outside of the housing 101 and is collected by the lubricant supply device 3.
- the spindle device 100 can be variously modified.
- the cooling pipe 10 is provided in a spiral shape on the outer side of each outer ring 2a of the housing 101 to circulate the cooling liquid, and the bearing temperature becomes about 40 to 50 ° C. during operation. It is preferable to prevent the rolling bearing 2 from being seized by cooling. Furthermore, since the temperature of the main shaft 1 also rises due to heat generated by the rolling bearing 2 and the motor stator 12 and the rotor 13, and the rotational accuracy may decrease due to thermal expansion, the cooling pipe 15 spirals outside the rotor 13. It is preferable to circulate the coolant and cool it.
- a supply pipe 21 from a coolant supply device 20 installed outside the housing 101 is connected to a supply pipe 21 a for bearing cooling and a supply pipe 21 b for cooling the main spindle inside the housing 101.
- the two supply pipes 21a and 21b are circulated and then recirculated to the cooling liquid supply apparatus 20 through the discharge pipe 22.
- the cooling mechanism may be provided separately for the rolling bearing and the main shaft.
- the liquefaction point of the wax-based lubricant differs depending on the composition, but the supply pipe 4 from the lubricant supply device 3 is provided in the vicinity of the cooling pipes 10 and 15, and the cooling temperature of the cooling pipes 10 and 15 is increased.
- the temperature of the lubricant storage groove 9 can be adjusted by the cooling temperature of the cooling pipes 10 and 15, and can be discharged in a semi-solid state after lubrication with respect to various wax-based lubricants.
- the liquefaction point is 10 to 70 ° C in view of the ambient temperature around the bearing and the operating temperature of the bearing.
- the liquefaction point is applicable to rolling bearings for machine tools (machine tools).
- the temperature is preferably 30 to 70 ° C., more preferably 40 to 70 ° C. for the reasons described below.
- the ambient environment in which the machine tool is used is about 20 to 25 ° C in order to minimize the thermal displacement of the members accompanying changes in the ambient temperature and to ensure the machining accuracy of the workpiece. Air conditioning is often managed. Therefore, if the lower limit of the liquefaction point is set to 30 ° C., the wax-based lubricant is not liquefied and is maintained in the bearing and the oil storage part because it is below the liquefaction point in the stopped state. And even if the bearing or spindle in which the wax-based lubricant is stored is stopped or stored in stock in the stopped state, it is held in and around the bearing without liquefaction. The lubrication function is not impaired for a long time. Therefore, the liquefaction point is preferably 30 to 70 ° C.
- the bearing internal temperature rises as the rotational speed increases, it is necessary to supply more lubricating oil to the rolling contact surface in order to maintain an appropriate lubrication state.
- the bearing temperature is approximately 40 ° C or less, and the amount of lubricating oil is the rolling contact surface. A nearby lubricant is sufficient.
- the bearing temperature may exceed 40 ° C.
- the liquefaction point is more preferably 40 to 70 ° C.
- a wax-based lubricant having a temperature of changing from a semi-solid state to a liquid state around 47 ° C. was prepared. That is, 78.5% by mass of diester oil (dioctyl sebacate), 15% by mass of microcrystalline wax (melting point 82 ° C.), and 6.5% by mass of a mixture containing an antioxidant and an extreme pressure agent as additives. Were mixed at a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the microcrystalline wax and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a wax-based lubricant.
- test tubes are immersed in a thermostatic bath maintained at a liquid confirmation temperature of ⁇ 0.1 ° C. so that the B line (30 mm above the surface of the test article) is submerged under the water surface of the thermostatic bath. Let stand upright. (5) The state of the test article in the temperature measurement test tube is maintained as it is for 10 minutes after the liquid confirmation temperature becomes ⁇ 0.1 ° C. (6) Remove the liquid judgment test tube from the constant temperature water tank while standing upright on a horizontal table, immediately lay down horizontally on the table, and measure the time until the tip of the test article reaches line B. (7) When the time until the test article reaches line B is within 90 seconds, it is determined that the test article is “liquid”.
- the liquefaction point is not a fixed point temperature such as the freezing point of water (0 ° / pure water, under atmospheric pressure), but is defined and quantified in a range of about ⁇ 2 ° C. with respect to a specific temperature. .
- this wax-based lubricant starts to change from a semi-solid state to a liquid state at around 47 ° C.
- This wax-based lubricant is stored in a semi-solid state in a lubricant supply device of a general spindle device as shown in FIG. 1, and a constant amount is periodically supplied to the rolling bearing.
- the wax-based lubricant could be stably supplied to the rolling bearing without clogging of the pipe and the discharge pipe.
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
(1)ハウジングの内部に、転がり軸受と、前記転がり軸受に回転可能に軸支された主軸とを有し、かつ、潤滑剤供給装置から供給管を通じて潤滑剤を前記転がり軸受に所定量、間欠的又は連続的に供給するスピンドル装置において、
前記潤滑剤が、潤滑油とワックスとを含み、10~70℃の温度範囲内の所定の温度である液状化点を境として、前記液状化点を越えたときの液状状態と、前記液状化点以下での半固体状態との間を、変化可能になるとともに、前記潤滑剤を前記潤滑剤供給装置から半固体状で前記供給管を輸送し、前記転がり軸受の直前に液状に変化させて軸受内部に流入させることを特徴とするスピンドル装置。
(2)前記転がり軸受の外輪の外側及び前記主軸の外側の少なくとも一方に冷却機構を設置して前記転がり軸受を冷却するとともに、前記冷却機構に近接して前記供給管を配管し、前記潤滑剤を前記転がり軸受への流入直前まで半固体状を維持して輸送することを特徴とする上記(1)記載のスピンドル装置。
(3)前記潤滑剤が、前記液状化点を境として、前記液状状態と前記半固体状態との間を可逆変化可能であることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)に記載のスピンドル装置。
(4)潤滑終了後に軸受内部から排出された液状の前記潤滑剤を受容する受容部を備えることを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)の何れか1つに記載のスピンドル装置。
(5)前記受容部に受容された潤滑剤が、冷却されて半固体状に変化した後、前記潤滑剤供給装置に回収されることを特徴とする上記(4)に記載のスピンドル装置。
(6)上記(1)~(5)の何れか1つに記載したスピンドル装置を用いた工作機械主軸用スピンドル。
尚、請求項1に記載の「潤滑剤」とは、潤滑油とワックスとを含む潤滑剤を言い、また、「液状化点」とは、ワックス系潤滑剤が半固体状態から液体状態に、或いは液体状態から半固体状態に変化するときの温度を言う。また、「液状化点」は、例えば日本国の危険物の規制に関する規則、第12章 雑則 第69条の2(液状の定義)に従っている。また、以降の説明において、上記潤滑剤を「ワックス系潤滑剤」と呼称する。
しかしながら、最高回転での連続加工の場合、あるいは、回転数は低くても重切削加工を連続して行なう場合、軸受温度が40℃を上回る場合があり、この場合、軸受空間内の潤滑油だけでは、転がり接触面の潤滑油が不足する虞れがある。このため、液状化点の下限を40℃に設定することで、軸受温度が40℃を上回った場合に、軸受周辺のワックス系潤滑剤が液状化し、転がり接触面に不足する潤滑油を補充することができ、不意の焼付きなどの不具合を未然に防止することができる。これにより、低・中速回転域では、余剰の潤滑剤を消費することがなく、潤滑寿命をより向上することができる。したがって、工作機械に使用する場合、液状化点を40~70℃とすることがより好ましい。
(1)試験物品(ワックス系潤滑剤)を2本の試験管(直径30mm、高さ120mm)のA線(高さ55mm)まで入れる。
(2)一方の試験管(液状判断用試験管)を孔穴の無いゴム栓で密栓する。
(3)他方の試験管(温度測定用試験管)を、温度計を付けたゴム栓で密栓する。尚、温度計は、その先端が試験物品の表面より30mmの深さになるように挿入し、試験管に対して直立させる。
(4)2本の試験管を、液状確認温度±0.1℃に保持された恒温槽中に、B線(試験物品の表面よりも30mm上方)が恒温槽の水面下に没するように直立させて静置する。
(5)温度測定用試験管中の試験物品の温度が液状確認温度±0.1℃になってから、10分間そのままの状態を保持する。
(6)液状判断試験管を恒温水槽から水平な台上に直立したまま取り出し、直ちに台の上に水平に倒し、試験物品の先端がB線に到達するまでの時間を計測する。
(7)試験物品がB線に達するまでの時間が90秒以内であるとき、試験物品が「液状」であると判断する。
(8)そして、恒温水槽の温度を種々変更して(1)~(7)を行い、液状になった温度を「液状化点」とする。
尚、液状化点とは、水の凝固点(0°/純水、大気圧下)のような定点温度ではなく、ある特定温度に対して略±2℃程度の範囲で定義、数値化される。
2 転がり軸受
3 潤滑剤供給装置
4 供給管
7 間座
9 潤滑剤貯蔵溝
10、15 冷却管
12 ステータ
13 ロータ
20 冷却液供給装置
21 供給管
22 排出管
100 スピンドル装置
101 ハウジング
Claims (6)
- ハウジングの内部に、転がり軸受と、前記転がり軸受に回転可能に軸支された主軸とを有し、かつ、潤滑剤供給装置から供給管を通じて潤滑剤を前記転がり軸受に所定量、間欠的又は連続的に供給するスピンドル装置において、
前記潤滑剤が、潤滑油とワックスとを含み、10~70℃の温度範囲内の所定の温度である液状化点を境として、前記液状化点を越えたときの液状状態と、前記液状化点以下での半固体状態との間を、変化可能になるとともに、前記潤滑剤を前記潤滑剤供給装置から半固体状で前記供給管を輸送し、前記転がり軸受の直前に液状に変化させて軸受内部に流入させることを特徴とするスピンドル装置。 - 前記転がり軸受の外輪の外側及び前記主軸の外側の少なくとも一方に冷却機構を設置して前記転がり軸受を冷却するとともに、前記冷却機構に近接して前記供給管を配管し、前記潤滑剤を前記転がり軸受への流入直前まで半固体状を維持して輸送することを特徴とする請求項1記載のスピンドル装置。
- 前記潤滑剤が、前記液状化点を境として、前記液状状態と前記半固体状態との間を可逆変化可能であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載のスピンドル装置。
- 潤滑終了後に軸受内部から排出された液状の前記潤滑剤を受容する受容部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載のスピンドル装置。
- 前記受容部に受容された潤滑剤が、冷却されて半固体状に変化した後、前記潤滑剤供給装置に回収されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のスピンドル装置。
- 請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載したスピンドル装置を用いた工作機械主軸用スピンドル。
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